How Syria's architecture laid the foundation for brutal war | Marwa Al-Sabouni

128,404 views ใƒป 2016-08-11

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JY Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
[์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์€ 2016๋…„ 5์›”์— 6๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ํํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ํ™ˆ์ฆˆ์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ๋…นํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ]
00:19
Hi. My name is Marwa, and I'm an architect.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฅด์™€์ด๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
I was born and raised in Homs,
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์ €๋Š” ํ™ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
a city in the central western part of Syria,
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ํ™ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ค‘์„œ๋ถ€์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ด๊ณ 
00:27
and I've always lived here.
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์ €๋Š” ๋Š˜ ์ด๊ณณ์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
After six years of war,
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6๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ
00:31
Homs is now a half-destroyed city.
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ํ™ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
My family and I were lucky; our place is still standing.
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์ €์™€ ์ œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์•„์ง์€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
Although for two years, we were like prisoners at home.
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๋น„๋ก ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง‘์— ์ฃ„์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:40
Outside there were demonstrations and battles and bombings and snipers.
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๋ฐ–์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์œ„, ์ „ํˆฌ, ํญ๊ฒฉ, ์ด๊ฒฉ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
My husband and I used to run an architecture studio
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์ €์™€ ์ œ ๋‚จํŽธ์€ ๊ตฌ๋„์‹ฌ ๊ด‘์žฅ์—์„œ
00:49
in the old town main square.
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๊ฑด์ถ• ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
It's gone, as is most of the old town itself.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์€ ์˜› ๋„์‹ฌ์ง€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Half of the city's other neighborhoods
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋‚จ์€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
are now rubble.
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00:58
Since the ceasefire in late 2015,
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2015๋…„ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ์ •์ „๋œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ
01:00
large parts of Homs have been more or less quiet.
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ํ™ˆ์Šค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์กฐ์šฉํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
The economy is completely broken, and people are still fighting.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์กŒ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง๋„ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
The merchants who had stalls in the old city market
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๊ตฌ๋„์‹ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋˜ ์ƒ์ธ๋“ค์€
01:09
now trade out of sheds on the streets.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ—›๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์žฅ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Under our apartment, there is a carpenter,
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์ €ํฌ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ˆ˜
01:14
sweetshops, a butcher, a printing house, workshops, among many more.
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์ œ๊ณผ์ , ์ •์œก์ , ์ธ์‡„์†Œ, ์ž‘์—…์žฅ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
I have started teaching part-time,
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์ €๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:22
and with my husband, who juggles several jobs,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์€ ์„œ์ ์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
we've opened a small bookshop.
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01:26
Other people do all sorts of jobs to get by.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿญ์ €๋Ÿญ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
When I look at my destroyed city, of course, I ask myself:
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ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
What has led to this senseless war?
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ?
01:36
Syria was largely a place of tolerance,
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๊ด€์šฉ์ ์ธ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
historically accustomed to variety,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด
01:41
accommodating a wide range of beliefs, origins, customs,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๊ต, ์ถœ์‹ , ๊ด€์Šต
01:44
goods, food.
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด, ์Œ์‹์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
How did my country --
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€
01:47
a country with communities living harmoniously together
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒต๊ฐ€ ์กฐํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๊ณ 
01:50
and comfortable in discussing their differences --
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์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
01:52
how did it degenerate into civil war, violence, displacement
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํƒ€๋ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์ „, ํญ๋ ฅ, ๋‚œ๋ฏผ
01:56
and unprecedented sectarian hatred?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋ก€ ์—†๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฒŒ์‹ธ์›€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:00
There were many reasons that had led to the war --
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์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
social, political and economic.
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์‚ฌํšŒ, ์ •์น˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
They all have played their role.
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์ด๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
But I believe there is one key reason that has been overlooked
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
and which is important to analyze,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
because from it will largely depend
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด
02:15
whether we can make sure that this doesn't happen again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
And that reason is architecture.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
Architecture in my country has played an important role
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋ฒŒ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹คํˆผ์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ
02:24
in creating, directing and amplifying conflict between warring factions,
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์ง„ํ–‰์ง€ํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ฆํญํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ™œ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
and this is probably true for other countries as well.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
There is a sure correspondence between the architecture of a place
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ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ํŠน์ง• ๊ฐ„์—๋Š”
02:35
and the character of the community that has settled there.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Architecture plays a key role in whether a community crumbles
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๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์€ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ์—
02:42
or comes together.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Syrian society has long lived the coexistence
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
02:46
of different traditions and backgrounds.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Syrians have experienced the prosperity of open trade
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์œ  ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ณผ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜
02:51
and sustainable communities.
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๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
They have enjoyed the true meaning of belonging to a place,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•˜๊ณ 
02:56
and that was reflected in their built environment,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ถ์€ ๊ฑด์ถ• ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
in the mosques and churches built back-to-back,
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์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ต ์‚ฌ์›๊ณผ ๊ตํšŒ๊ฐ€
03:01
in the interwoven souks and public venues,
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๋ฒˆ์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋งž๋‹ฟ์•„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:04
and the proportions and sizes based on principles of humanity and harmony.
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๊ทธ ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๋ฏธ์™€ ์กฐํ™”๋กœ์›€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:08
This architecture of mixity can still be read in the remains.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ์œตํ•ฉ์€ ์ž”ํ•ด์—์„œ๋„ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
The old Islamic city in Syria was built over a multilayered past,
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์–ด์กŒ๊ณ 
03:16
integrating with it and embracing its spirit.
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๊ทธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ •์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
So did its communities.
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
People lived and worked with each other
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
in a place that gave them a sense of belonging
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
03:24
and made them feel at home.
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์•ˆ๋ฝํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:26
They shared a remarkably unified existence.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋‚˜๋˜์–ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
But over the last century,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ˆ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ
03:31
gradually this delicate balance of these places has been interfered with;
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์ด ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์€ ์ ์ฐจ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
first, by the urban planners of the colonial period,
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๊ฐ•์ ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
when the French went enthusiastically about,
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์ธ๋“ค์ด ์—ด๊ด‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:40
transforming what they saw as the un-modern Syrian cities.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:43
They blew up city streets and relocated monuments.
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
They called them improvements,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:50
and they were the beginning of a long, slow unraveling.
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ํ•ด์ฒด๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
The traditional urbanism and architecture of our cities
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์€
03:56
assured identity and belonging not by separation,
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๋ถ„๋‹จ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์„ ํ™•๊ณ ํžˆ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
but by intertwining.
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04:01
But over time, the ancient became worthless, and the new, coveted.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜› ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์›€์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
The harmony of the built environment and social environment
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๊ฑด์ถ•ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์กฐํ™”๋Š”
04:08
got trampled over by elements of modernity --
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๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ์ง“๋ฐŸํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
brutal, unfinished concrete blocks,
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๊ฑฐ์น ๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ จ๋ฏธ ์—†๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก๋“ค
04:13
neglect, aesthetic devastation,
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๋ฐฉ์น˜, ๋ฏธ์  ํ™ฉํํ™”
04:16
divisive urbanism that zoned communities by class, creed or affluence.
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๋‹จ์ ˆ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰, ์‹ ์•™, ์žฌ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์—ด์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
And the same was happening to the community.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
As the shape of the built environment changed,
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๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
04:26
so the lifestyles and sense of belonging of the communities
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์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ ๋˜ํ•œ
04:30
also started changing.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
From a register of togetherness, of belonging,
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์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ๊ณผ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ธ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ด
04:34
architecture became a way of differentiation,
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์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
and communities started drifting apart
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋„ ๋ถ„๋‹จ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
from the very fabric that used to unite them,
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ๊ณ 
04:42
and from the soul of the place that used to represent their common existence.
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๊ณต์กด์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด๋˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:47
While many reasons had led to the Syrian war,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด์œ ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ
04:49
we shouldn't underestimate the way in which,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
04:51
by contributing to the loss of identity and self-respect,
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์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž์กด๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒ์‹ค
04:55
urban zoning and misguided, inhumane architecture
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์—ญํ™”์™€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋น„์ธ๋„์  ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ด
04:59
have nurtured sectarian divisions and hatred.
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ํŒŒ๋ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ฆ์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Over time, the united city has morphed into a city center
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€๋˜ ๋„์‹œ๋Š”
๋„์‹œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
with ghettos along its circumference.
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05:08
And in turn, the coherent communities became distinct social groups,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€๋˜ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
alienated from each other and alienated from the place.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ฒ™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:17
From my point of view,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
05:18
losing the sense of belonging to a place
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์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ 
05:20
and a sense of sharing it with someone else
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ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค
05:22
has made it a lot easier to destroy.
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‰ฌ์› ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
The clear example can be seen in the informal housing system,
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฌดํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
which used to host, before the war, over 40 percent of the population.
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์ „์Ÿ์ „์—๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 40% ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Yes, prior to the war, almost half of the Syrian population
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๋„ค. ์ „์Ÿ ์ „์—๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด
05:37
lived in slums,
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๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
peripheral areas without proper infrastructure,
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋ณ€๋ณ€์ฐฎ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์ด ์—†๊ณ 
05:41
made of endless rows of bare block boxes
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๋์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํŒ์ž์ดŒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
containing people,
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05:46
people who mostly belonged to the same group,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
whether based on religion, class, origin or all of the above.
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์ข…๊ต, ๊ณ„๊ธ‰, ์ถœ์‹  ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:53
This ghettoized urbanism proved to be a tangible precursor of war.
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๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹จ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
Conflict is much easier between pre-categorized areas --
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
where the "others" live.
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"๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค"์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:03
The ties that used to bind the city together --
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด์ฃผ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค.
06:06
whether they were social, through coherent building,
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“ 
06:08
or economic, through trade in the souk,
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์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์žฅ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“ 
06:11
or religious, through the coexistent presence --
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๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ด๋˜ ์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“ 
06:14
were all lost in the misguided and visionless modernization
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์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๊ณ  ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”๋กœ
06:17
of the built environment.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
Allow me an aside.
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์ž ์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
06:21
When I read about heterogeneous urbanism in other parts of the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ด์งˆ์  ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
06:25
involving ethnic neighborhoods in British cities
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์˜๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฏผ์กฑ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‚˜
06:28
or around Paris or Brussels,
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ, ๋ธŒ๋คผ์…€์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:30
I recognize the beginning of the kind of instability
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
we have witnessed so disastrously here in Syria.
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์ด๊ณณ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ์ฐธ๋‹ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ์š”.
06:38
We have severely destroyed cities,
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์—” ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
such as Homs, Aleppo, Daraa and many others,
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ํ™ˆ์Šค, ์•Œ๋ ˆํฌ, ๋‹ค๋ผ ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด์š”.
06:43
and almost half of the population of the country is now displaced.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
Hopefully, the war will end,
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์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ
06:49
and the question that, as an architect, I have to ask, is:
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์ €์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
How do we rebuild?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
06:55
What are the principles that we should adopt
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์–ด๋–ค ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ
06:57
in order to avoid repeating the same mistakes?
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
07:01
From my point of view, the main focus should be on creating places
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
that make their people feel they belong.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:06
Architecture and planning need to recapture
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ
07:09
some of the traditional values that did just that,
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
creating the conditions for coexistence and peace,
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๊ณต์กด๊ณผ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
07:15
values of beauty that don't exhibit ostentation,
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๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
but rather, approachability and ease,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
07:21
moral values that promote generosity and acceptance,
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๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์›€๊ณผ ํฌ์šฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๋•์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
architecture that is for everyone to enjoy, not just for the elite,
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ธต๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
just as used to be in the shadowed alleys of the old Islamic city,
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์˜› ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋˜
07:32
mixed designs that encourage a sense of community.
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋˜ ์œตํ•ฉ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:36
There is a neighborhood here in Homs that's called Baba Amr
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ํ™ˆ์Šค์—๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฐ” ์•„๋ฏ€๋ฅด๋ผ๋Š”
07:39
that has been fully destroyed.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Almost two years ago, I introduced this design
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์•ฝ 2๋…„ ์ „์— ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋””์ž์ธ์„
07:44
into a UN-Habitat competition for rebuilding it.
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UN ์ธ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ• ๊ณต๋ชจ์— ์ œ์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
The idea was to create an urban fabric inspired by a tree,
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋„์‹œ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
capable of growing and spreading organically,
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์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ป—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:54
echoing the traditional bridge hanging over the old alleys,
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์˜› ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๋˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•ด์„œ
07:57
and incorporating apartments, private courtyards, shops,
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์•„ํŒŒํŠธ, ์ง‘๋œฐ, ์ƒ์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ 
08:01
workshops, places for parking and playing and leisure,
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๊ณต์žฅ, ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ, ๋†€์ด์™€ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ
08:05
trees and shaded areas.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ๊ทธ๋Š˜์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:07
It's far from perfect, obviously.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ „ํ˜€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
I drew it during the few hours of electricity we get.
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์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์— ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:12
And there are many possible ways to express belonging and community
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๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:16
through architecture.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
But compare it with the freestanding, disconnected blocks
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐ”๋ฐ” ์•„๋ฏ€๋ฅด ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ• ๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ
08:20
proposed by the official project for rebuilding Baba Amr.
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ ˆ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ตฌํš๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:24
Architecture is not the axis around which all human life rotates,
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๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์„ ํšŒ์ „์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ‰๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:28
but it has the power to suggest and even direct human activity.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
In that sense, settlement, identity and social integration
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์น˜, ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ, ์‚ฌํšŒํ†ตํ•ฉ
08:37
are all the producer and product of effective urbanism.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
The coherent urbanism of the old Islamic city
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์˜› ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ
08:44
and of many old European towns, for instance,
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์˜› ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์‹ ๋งˆ์„๋“ค์˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์€
08:47
promote integration,
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ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
while rows of soulless housing or tower blocks,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์‚ญ๋ง‰ํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ธต ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋“ค์€
08:52
even when they are luxurious,
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ํ™”๋ คํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:54
tend to promote isolation and "otherness."
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๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๊ณผ "๋‚˜์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ„"์„ ์กฐ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
08:57
Even simple things
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ
08:59
like shaded places or fruit plants or drinking water inside the city
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๋„์‹œ ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ทธ๋Š˜์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ํ˜น์€ ์‹์ˆ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:03
can make a difference in how people feel towards the place,
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๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
and whether they consider it a generous place that gives,
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๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
09:09
a place that's worth keeping, contributing to,
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๋ณด์กดํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋‚„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€
09:12
or whether they see it as an alienating place,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๋ถ„๋…ธ์˜ ์”จ์•—์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ
09:15
full of seeds of anger.
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๋Š๋‚„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:17
In order for a place to give, its architecture should be giving, too.
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฒ ํ’€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฑด์ถ•๋„ ๋ฒ ํ’€์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
Our built environment matters.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
The fabric of our cities is reflected in the fabric of our souls.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •์‹ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
And whether in the shape of informal concrete slums
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌดํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์—์„œ๋‚˜
09:31
or broken social housing
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ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํƒ
09:33
or trampled old towns
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์ง“๋ฐŸํžŒ ์˜› ๋งˆ์„๋“ค
09:35
or forests of skyscrapers,
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๊ณ ์ธต ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ˆฒ
09:36
the contemporary urban archetypes
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์  ๋„์‹œํ˜•ํƒœ
09:39
that have emerged all across the Middle East
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์ค‘๋™ ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต๋“ค์ด
09:41
have been one cause of the alienation and fragmentation of our communities.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์†Œ์™ธ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋ถ„์—ด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
We can learn from this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
We can learn how to rebuild in another way,
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฑด์„คํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
how to create an architecture that doesn't contribute only
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ถ์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ
09:54
to the practical and economic aspects of people's lives,
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๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:57
but also to their social, spiritual and psychological needs.
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์‚ฌํšŒ, ์ข…๊ต, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์š”๊ตฌ์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
10:02
Those needs were totally overlooked in the Syrian cities before the war.
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์ „์Ÿ ์ „์—๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์š”๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
We need to create again cities that are shared
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ
10:09
by the communities that inhabit them.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
If we do so, people will not feel the need
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:14
to seek identities opposed to the other identities all around,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ์œ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
because they will all feel at home.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ๋Š๋‚„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:22
Thank you for listening.
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๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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