Thomas Thwaites: How I built a toaster -- from scratch

246,257 views ใƒป 2011-01-14

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: J J LEE ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:15
If we look around us,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋ฉด,
00:18
much of what surrounds us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์€
00:20
started life as various rocks and sludge
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์ง€์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์— ๋งค์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”
00:23
buried in the ground in various places in the world.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ† ์„๋ฅ˜(ๅœŸ็Ÿณๆต)์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
But, of course, they don't look like rocks and sludge now.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ํ† ์„๋ฅ˜(ๅœŸ็Ÿณๆต)๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
They look like TV cameras, monitors,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ TV ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์™€ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ,
00:32
annoying radio mics.
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์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹  ๋ฌด์„  ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
00:34
And so this magical transformation
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งˆ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด
00:36
is what I was trying to get at with my project,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:39
which became known as the Toaster Project.
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์ €์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
And it was also inspired by this quote
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋”๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค ์•„๋‹ด์Šค์˜
00:43
from Douglas Adams,
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์ธ์šฉ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
00:45
and the situation is from "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy."
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๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ "์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ด์ปค๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์„œ"์—์„œ ์ธ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
And the situation it describes
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์ด ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์€
00:50
is the hero of the book -- he's a 20th-century man --
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์˜ ์˜์›…์ด
00:53
finds himself alone on a strange planet
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ฐœํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
00:56
populated only by a technologically primitive people.
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์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ƒํ•œ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
And he kind of assumes that, yes,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
01:01
he'll become -- these villagers --
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๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ†ต์น˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
01:03
he'll become their emperor
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€ํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ
01:05
and transform their society
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๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ์›์†Œ๋“ค๋กœ
01:07
with his wonderful command of technology
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
01:09
and science and the elements,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
but, of course, realizes
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๋Š”
01:13
that without the rest of human society,
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์—†์ด๋Š”
01:15
he can barely make a sandwich,
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ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋„
01:18
let alone a toaster.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:20
But he didn't have Wikipedia.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:22
So I thought, okay,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„.
01:24
I'll try and make an electric toaster from scratch.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ธฐ ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งจ ์ฒซ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด.
01:26
And, working on the idea
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด์ด๋”์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
01:28
that the cheapest electric toaster
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
01:30
would also be the simplest to reverse-engineer,
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์—ญ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:32
I went and bought the cheapest toaster I could find,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์„œ,
01:35
took it home
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์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
01:37
and was kind of dismayed to discover
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 3ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ 94ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‚ฐ
01:39
that, inside this object,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—,
01:41
which I'd bought for just 3.49 pounds,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์—ฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„
01:44
there were 400 different bits
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400๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
01:47
made out of a hundred-plus different materials.
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์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‚ญํŒจ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
I didn't have the rest of my life to do this project.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ œ ๋‚จ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
I had maybe nine months.
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9๋‹ฌ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
So I thought, okay, I'll start with five.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๊ฒƒ์€, "์ข‹์•„, 5๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž" ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:58
And these were steel, mica,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ๊ณผ ์šด๋ชจ, ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ,
02:00
plastic, copper and nickel.
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๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
So, starting with steel: how do you make steel?
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์ž, ๊ฐ•์ฒ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”: ๊ฐ•์ฒ ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
02:06
I went and knocked on the door
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์ €๋Š” ์™•๋ฆฝ ๊ด‘์‚ฐํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ๋Š”
02:08
of the Rio Tinto Chair
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์ƒ๊ธ‰ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ
02:10
of Advanced Mineral Extraction at the Royal School of Mines
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๋ฆฌ์˜ค ํ‹ดํˆฌ์˜ ํ•™๊ณผ์žฅ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
02:13
and said, "How do you make steel?"
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๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "๊ฐ•์ฒ ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋‚˜์š”?"
02:15
And Professor Cilliers was very kind
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์–ด์Šค ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ
02:17
and talked me through it.
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
And my vague rememberings from GCSE science --
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๋˜ ์ œ ํ๋ฆฟํ•œ ์ค‘๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์ž๊ฒฉ๊ฒ€์ •์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ง€์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
02:22
well, steel comes from iron,
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๊ฐ•์ฒ ์€ ์ฒ ๊ด‘์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
so I phoned up an iron mine.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์— ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:27
And said, "Hi, I'm trying to make a toaster.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
02:29
Can I come up and get some iron?"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฒ ๊ด‘์„ ์ข€ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?"
02:33
Unfortunately, when I got there -- emerges Ray.
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์šด์ด ์—†๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ, ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
He had misheard me
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ ๋ง์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชป ์•Œ์•„๋“ค์–ด์„œ,
02:38
and thought I was coming up because I was trying to make a poster,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:41
and so wasn't prepared to take me into the mines.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
But after some nagging, I got him to do that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ณถ์€ ์ดํ›„์—, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
(Video) Ray: It was Crease Limestone,
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(์˜์ƒ) ๋ ˆ์ด : ์ด๊ณณ์€ ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์ง„ ์„ํšŒ์•”์ง€๋Œ€์˜€์–ด์š”.
02:50
and that was produced
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑด 3์–ต 5์ฒœ๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „
02:52
by sea creatures
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์•ˆ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ
02:55
350 million years ago
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ํ–‡๋ณ•์ด ์ž˜ ๋“œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ
02:58
in a nice, warm,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด
03:00
sunny atmosphere.
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์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
When you study geology,
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์ง€์งˆํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๋•Œ,
03:04
you can see what's happened in the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:07
and there were terrific changes in the earth.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Thomas Thwaites: As you can see, they had the Christmas decorations up.
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ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ์›จ์ด์ŠคํŠธ : ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์žฅ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
03:20
And of course, it wasn't actually a working mine anymore,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ตดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
because, though Ray was a miner there,
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๋ ˆ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ด‘๋ถ€์ด์ง€๋งŒ
03:26
the mine had closed
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๊ด‘์‚ฐ์€ ๋‹ซํ˜€์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:28
and had been reopened as a kind of tourist attraction,
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๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ด๋ ธ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:31
because, of course, it can't compete
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋Š๊ณณ์—์„œ๋“ ์ง€
03:33
on the scale of operations which are happening
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๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—๋Š”
03:36
in South America, Australia, wherever.
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๋งž์„ค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
But anyway, I got my suitcase of iron ore
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ์ €๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ด‘์„์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด
03:42
and dragged it back to London on the train,
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์ œ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ์— ์‹ค์–ด ๋Ÿฐ๋˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:44
and then was faced with the problem:
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
03:46
Okay, how do you make this rock
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์ข‹์•„, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ๊ด‘์„์„
03:48
into components for a toaster?
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ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€?
03:50
So I went back to Professor Cilliers,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์–ด์Šค ๊ต์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐ”๊ณ ,
03:52
and he said, "Go to the library."
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๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ, "๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:54
So I did
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
and was looking through the undergraduate textbooks on metallurgy --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์“ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”
03:59
completely useless for what I was trying to do.
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๊ธˆ์†๊ณตํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๊ฐ• ํ›‘์–ด๋ดค์ฃ .
04:02
Because, of course, they don't actually tell you how to do it
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ฌผ๋ก , ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ œ๋ จ๊ณต์žฅ๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:05
if you want to do it yourself and you don't have a smelting plant.
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๊ทธ ์ฑ…๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
So I ended up going to the History of Science Library
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊ณผํ•™์—ญ์‚ฌ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
04:10
and looking at this book.
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์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
This is the first textbook on metallurgy
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ธˆ์†๊ณตํ•™ ๊ต์žฌ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
04:14
written in the West, at least.
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์„œ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š”์š”.
04:16
And there you can see that woodcut
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:18
is basically what I ended up doing.
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์‹ค์ƒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
But instead of a bellows, I had a leaf blower.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ํ’€๋ฌด๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ๋‚™์—ฝ์„ ๋‚ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:25
And that was something that reoccurred throughout the project,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:28
was, the smaller the scale you want to work on,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€, ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉด ์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก,
04:30
the further back in time you have to go.
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๋” ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
And so this is after
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ ํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋‚˜์ ˆ
04:35
a day and about half a night
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์ด ์ฒ ์„ ๋…น์ด๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„์˜
04:37
smelting this iron.
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๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
I dragged out this stuff,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋Œ์–ด๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:41
and it wasn't iron.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ฒ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
But luckily,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šด์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„,
04:45
I found a patent online
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ (๊ทน์ดˆ๋‹จํŒŒ:ํŒŒ์žฅ 1m ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ) ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
04:47
for industrial furnaces that use microwaves,
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์‚ฐ์—…์‹ ์šฉ๊ด‘๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŠนํ—ˆํ’ˆ์„ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
and at 30 minutes at full power,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „์ฒด ๋™๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ 30๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•ด์„œ,
04:52
and I was able to finish off the process.
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๊ณต์ •์„ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
So, my next --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—,
04:59
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:03
The next thing I was trying to get was copper.
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๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:06
Again, this mine
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๋‹ค์‹œ, ์ด ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์€
05:09
was once the largest copper mine in the world.
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ํ•œ ๋•Œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
It's not anymore,
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๋” ์ด์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
05:13
but I found a retired geology professor
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์ €๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์€ํ‡ดํ•œ
05:15
to take me down,
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์ง€์งˆํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
and he said, "Okay, I'll let you have some water from the mine."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ ."
05:20
And the reason I was interested in getting water
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
05:23
is because water which goes through mines
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๊ด‘์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์€
05:25
becomes kind of acidic
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋˜๊ณ 
05:27
and will start picking up,
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๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์šฉํ•ด์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ
05:29
dissolving the minerals from the mine.
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๋ˆ„์ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
And a good example of this is the Rio Tinto,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ํฌ๋ฅดํˆฌ๊ฐˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
05:34
which is in Portugal.
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๋ฆฌ์˜ค ํ‹ดํ† ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์ฃผ : ๋ฆฌ์˜ค ํ‹ดํ†  - ์—์ŠคํŒŒ๋ƒ ์„œ๋‚จ๋ถ€, ์‹œ์—๋ผ๋ชจ๋ ˆ๋‚˜ ์‚ฐ๋งฅ ์„œ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ๋„์‹œ)
05:36
As you can see, it's got lots and lots of minerals dissolved in it.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์šฉํ•ด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
So many such
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€๊ณณ์ด
05:41
that it's now just a home for bacteria
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ, ์œ ๋…์„ฑ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”
05:44
who really like acidic, toxic conditions.
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋กœ ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
But anyway, the water I dragged back
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋˜
05:49
from the Isle of Anglesey where the mine was --
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์•ต๊ธ€์‹œ ์„ฌ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๋ฌผ ์•ˆ์—๋Š”
05:51
there was enough copper in it
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
05:53
such that I could cast the pins
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์ œ ๊ธˆ์† ์ „๊ธฐ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์˜
05:55
of my metal electric plug.
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ํ•€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
So my next thing: I was off to Scotland
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”: ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šด๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
06:00
to get mica.
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์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
And mica is a mineral
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์šด๋ชจ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์ด์ž
06:06
which is a very good insulator
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑธ๋งž๋Š”
06:09
and very good at insulating electricity.
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๊ด‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
That's me getting mica.
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์ €๊ฒƒ์€ ์šด๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
And the last material I'm going to talk about today is plastic,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
and, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก ,
06:20
my toaster had to have a plastic case.
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์ œ ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ์ ธ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Plastic is the defining feature
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€ ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์„
06:24
of cheap electrical goods.
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๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
And so plastic comes from oil, so I phoned up BP
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๋˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€ ์„์œ ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
and spent a good half an hour
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” BP์— ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ ํ•œ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ ์กฑํžˆ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:31
trying to convince the PR office at BP
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„์œ  ๊ตด์ฐฉ์žฅ์น˜์—
06:33
that it would be fantastic for them
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ์„์œ  ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์„
06:35
if they flew me to an oil rig
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์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์ธ์ง€
06:37
and let me have a jug of oil.
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BP์˜ PR ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋ฅผ ์„ค๋“ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
BP obviously has a bit more on their mind now.
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BP๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
But even then
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋•Œ์—๋„
06:45
they weren't convinced
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ค๋“๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
06:47
and said, "Okay, we'll phone you back" -- never did.
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, "์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „ํ™”๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ ."ํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
06:50
So I looked at other ways of making plastic.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
And you can actually make plastic
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์„์œ ๋กœ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„
06:55
from obviously oils which come from plants, but also from starches.
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋…น๋ง๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋กœ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:58
So this is attempting to make
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ์ž ๋ถ„๋ง๋กœ
07:00
potato starch plastic.
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
And for a while that was looking really good.
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์ž ๊น ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
I poured it into the mold, which you can see there,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ , ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
07:06
which I've made from a tree trunk.
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์ € ์ฃผํ˜• ์•ˆ์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
And it was looking good for a while,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ž ๊น ๋™์•ˆ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ,
07:10
but I left it outside, because you had to leave it outside to dry,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑด์กฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ผ์™ธ์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐ–์—๋‹ค ๋‘์—ˆ๊ณ ,
07:13
and unfortunately I came back
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์šด์ด ์—†๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์™”์„ ๋•Œ
07:15
and there were snails eating the unhydrolyzed bits of potato.
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๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐ์ž ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
So kind of out of desperation,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ ˆ๋ง๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ,
07:22
I decided that I could think laterally.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
And geologists have actually christened --
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์ง€์งˆํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
well, they're debating whether to christen --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„
07:29
the age that we're living in --
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ™์ผ์ง€ ๋…ผ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
they're debating whether to make it a new geological epoch
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ
07:34
called the Anthropocene, the age of Man.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์„ธ(ไบบ้กžไธ–)๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
And that's because geologists of the future
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ง€์งˆํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
07:39
would kind of see a sharp shift
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•”๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ง€์ธต์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ
07:41
in the strata of rock that is being laid down now.
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๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
So suddenly, it will become kind of radioactive from Chernobyl
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ, 1945๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ„ฐ์ ธ ๋‚˜์™”๋˜
07:46
and the 2,000 or so nuclear bombs
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์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ๊ณผ 2,000๊ฐœ ์ •๋„์˜ ํ•ตํญํƒ„์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜จ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜
07:48
that have been set off since 1945.
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์ด ๋˜๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
And there'd also be an extinction event --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ
07:55
like fossils would suddenly disappear.
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฉธ์ข… ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
And also, I thought
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๋Š”
08:00
that there would be
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์•”์„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”
08:02
synthetic polymers,
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ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์ธ,
08:04
plastics, embedded in the rock.
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
So I looked up a plastic --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
so I decided that I could mine
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์•”์„์—์„œ
08:10
some of this modern-day rock.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
And I went up to Manchester
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์•ก์‹œ์˜จ ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ง์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:14
to visit a place called Axion Recycling.
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๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
And they're at the sharp end of what's called the WEEE,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ์ „๊ธฐ์ „์ž์ œํ’ˆ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ง€์นจ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”
08:20
which is this European electrical and electronic waste directive.
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WEEE๋ฅผ ๊ด€์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
And that was brought into force
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์„œ
08:27
to try and deal with the mountain of stuff
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์ž ์‹œ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋’ค
08:30
that is just being made
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๋งค๋ฆฝ์ง€๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š”
08:33
and then living for a while in our homes
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋”๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:35
and then going to landfill.
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์‹œํ–‰๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
But this is it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
09:47
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:49
So there's a picture
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์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ 
09:51
of my toaster.
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ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:57
That's it without the case on.
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์ €๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์”Œ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
And there it is on the shelves.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋Œ€์— ์ „์‹œ๋œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Thanks.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:09
Bruno Giussani: I'm told you did plug it in once.
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๋ถ€๋ฅด๋…ธ ์ง€์šฐ์‚ฌ๋‹ˆ : ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฝ‚์•„๋ดค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.
10:11
TT: Yeah, I did plug it in.
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TT : ๋„ค, ๊ฝ‚์•„๋ดค์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:13
I don't know if you could see,
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๋ณด์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ์š”,
10:15
but I was never able to make insulation for the wires.
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์ €๋Š” ์ „์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
Kew Gardens were insistent
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ํ ์™•๋ฆฝ ์‹๋ฌผ์›์€ ๊ณ„์†
10:20
that I couldn't come and hack into their rubber tree.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ ๋งŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:23
So the wires were uninsulated.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „์„ ์€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
So there was 240 volts
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์„ ๊ณผ
10:27
going through these homemade copper wires,
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ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์—๋Š” 240๋ณผํŠธ์˜
10:29
homemade plug.
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์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
And for about five seconds,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•ฝ 5์ดˆ๋™์•ˆ ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š”
10:33
the toaster toasted,
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์ž‘๋™์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
but then, unfortunately,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ๋Š” ์šด์ด ์—†๊ฒŒ๋„,
10:37
the element kind of melted itself.
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๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋…น์•„๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ฃ .
10:40
But I considered it a partial success, to be honest.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†”์งํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
BG: Thomas Thwaites. TT: Thanks.
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BG : ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ์›จ์ดํŠธ์Šค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (TT : ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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