Taylor Wilson: My radical plan for small nuclear fission reactors

1,238,138 views ใƒป 2013-04-30

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gemma Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yana Maquieira
00:12
Well, I have a big announcement to make today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
and I'm really excited about this.
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๋ชน์‹œ ํฅ๋ถ„์ด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:17
And this may be a little bit of a surprise
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„
00:19
to many of you who know my research
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์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
00:22
and what I've done well.
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์ข€ ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
I've really tried to solve some big problems:
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์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ์จ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
counterterrorism, nuclear terrorism,
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ์ง€, ํ•ตํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ,
00:30
and health care and diagnosing and treating cancer,
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๋Œ€์ค‘ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์•” ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
00:34
but I started thinking about all these problems,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:36
and I realized that the really biggest problem we face,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”,
00:41
what all these other problems come down to,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€
00:43
is energy, is electricity, the flow of electrons.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์ „๊ธฐ, ์ „์ž ํ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์š”์•ฝ์ด ๋˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
00:47
And I decided that I was going to set out
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
00:50
to try to solve this problem.
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ํ’€์–ด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
And this probably is not what you're expecting.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์…จ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ์ข€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
You're probably expecting me to come up here
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ
00:59
and talk about fusion,
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ํ•ต์œตํ•ฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์…จ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:01
because that's what I've done most of my life.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:02
But this is actually a talk about, okay --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ์ข‹์•„์š”. --
01:06
(Laughter) โ€”
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(์›ƒ์Œ) --
01:08
but this is actually a talk about fission.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•ต๋ถ„์—ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
It's about perfecting something old,
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
01:13
and bringing something old into the 21st century.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:16
Let's talk a little bit about how nuclear fission works.
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ํ•ต๋ถ„์—ด์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:20
In a nuclear power plant, you have
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์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์—๋Š”
01:22
a big pot of water that's under high pressure,
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌผ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋†’์€ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
and you have some fuel rods,
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๋˜, ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ด‰๋„ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:26
and these fuel rods are encased in zirconium,
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์ด๋“ค ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ด‰์€ ์ง€๋ฅด์ฝ”๋Š„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‹ธ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š”,
01:28
and they're little pellets of uranium dioxide fuel,
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์ž‘์€ ์•Œ๊ฐฑ์ด๋กœ ๋œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
and a fission reaction is controlled and maintained at a proper level,
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ํ•ต๋ถ„์—ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์„œ,
01:35
and that reaction heats up water,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋“๊ณ ,
01:39
the water turns to steam, steam turns the turbine,
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๋ฌผ์€ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์„œ, ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค
01:41
and you produce electricity from it.
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
This is the same way we've been producing electricity,
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
the steam turbine idea, for 100 years,
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์ฆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์จ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
and nuclear was a really big advancement
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ํ•ต์€ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋“์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
01:53
in a way to heat the water,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:54
but you still boil water and that turns to steam and turns the turbine.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๋„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋“์—ฌ์„œ, ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
And I thought, you know, is this the best way to do it?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ตœ์„ ์ผ๊นŒ? ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:02
Is fission kind of played out,
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ํ•ต๋ถ„์—ด์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•œ๋ฌผ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ,
02:05
or is there something left to innovate here?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
02:08
And I realized that I had hit upon something
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์ €๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ง€์š”.
02:11
that I think has this huge potential to change the world.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฐ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
And this is what it is.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ,
02:19
This is a small modular reactor.
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์†Œํ˜• ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์›์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
So it's not as big as the reactor you see in the diagram here.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋„ํ‘œ์˜ ์›์ž๋กœ๋งŒํผ ํฌ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
This is between 50 and 100 megawatts.
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50~100 ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ ์งœ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
But that's a ton of power.
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1 ํ†ค์˜ ํž˜์ด์ฃ .
02:30
That's between, say at an average use,
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ํ‰๊ท  ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด
02:33
that's maybe 25,000 to 100,000 homes could run off that.
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2๋งŒ5์ฒœ - 10๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Now the really interesting thing about these reactors
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์ด๋“ค ์›์ž๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
02:41
is they're built in a factory.
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๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:43
So they're modular reactors that are built
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”
02:45
essentially on an assembly line,
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๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์›์ „์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:47
and they're trucked anywhere in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””๋กœ๋“  ์‹ค์–ด๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:50
you plop them down, and they produce electricity.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“์œผ๋ฉด ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
This region right here is the reactor.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ์›์ž๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
And this is buried below ground, which is really important.
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์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ๋•…์†์— ๋ฌป๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ง„์งœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
For someone who's done a lot of counterterrorism work,
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์ €๋Š” ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
03:00
I can't extol to you
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ํ•ต ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
03:03
how great having something buried below the ground is
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์ง€ํ•˜์— ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
03:06
for proliferation and security concerns.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
And inside this reactor is a molten salt,
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์ด ์›์ž๋กœ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์šฉ์œต ์—ผ์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
03:13
so anybody who's a fan of thorium,
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ํ† ๋ฅจ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
03:16
they're going to be really excited about this,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
03:18
because these reactors happen to be really good
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์ด ์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ํ† ๋ฅจ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ, ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„-233 ์„
03:23
at breeding and burning the thorium fuel cycle,
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์ฆ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ
03:25
uranium-233.
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ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:27
But I'm not really concerned about the fuel.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
You can run these off -- they're really hungry,
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๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. -- ์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณ ํ”„๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:33
they really like down-blended weapons pits,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €๋†๋„์˜ ๋…ธ์‹ฌ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ
03:36
so that's highly enriched uranium and weapons-grade plutonium
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๊ณ ๋†์ถ•๋œ ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ธ‰์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋Š„์ด
03:39
that's been down-blended.
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์ €๋†์ถ•ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
It's made into a grade where it's not usable for a nuclear weapon,
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ฃ .
03:44
but they love this stuff.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
And we have a lot of it sitting around,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋„๋ ค ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
03:49
because this is a big problem.
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ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
You know, in the Cold War, we built up this huge arsenal
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๋ƒ‰์ „์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜
03:52
of nuclear weapons, and that was great,
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋• ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹คํ–‰์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:55
and we don't need them anymore,
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์ด์ œ ๋”๋Š” ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
and what are we doing with all the waste, essentially?
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๊ทธ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:01
What are we doing with all the pits of those nuclear weapons?
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋…ธ์‹ฌ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:03
Well, we're securing them, and it would be great
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์ž, ํ•ตํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์„œ
04:05
if we could burn them, eat them up,
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ํƒœ์›Œ์„œ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:07
and this reactor loves this stuff.
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์ด ์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
So it's a molten salt reactor. It has a core,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฉ์œต ์—ผ ์›์ž๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:12
and it has a heat exchanger from the hot salt,
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์†Œ๊ธˆ์—์„œ
04:15
the radioactive salt, to a cold salt which isn't radioactive.
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ์†Œ๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ด ๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
It's still thermally hot but it's not radioactive.
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์—ด์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
And then that's a heat exchanger
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์—ด ๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋•๋ถ„์—
04:24
to what makes this design really, really interesting,
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์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์™€์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:27
and that's a heat exchanger to a gas.
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์ €๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์—ด ๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
So going back to what I was saying before about all power
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
04:33
being produced -- well, other than photovoltaic --
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์–˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ฃ . -- ๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ --
04:36
being produced by this boiling of steam and turning a turbine,
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๋ฌผ์„ ๋“์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
04:40
that's actually not that efficient, and in fact,
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
in a nuclear power plant like this,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์€
04:45
it's only roughly 30 to 35 percent efficient.
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๋Œ€์ถฉ 30 - 35 % ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
That's how much thermal energy the reactor's putting out
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์›์ž๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋†“๋Š” ์—ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„
04:52
to how much electricity it's producing.
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์›์ž๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:54
And the reason the efficiencies are so low is these reactors
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ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊นŒ๋‹ญ์€ ์ด๋“ค ์›์ž๋กœ๊ฐ€
04:56
operate at pretty low temperature.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
They operate anywhere from, you know,
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์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต
05:00
maybe 200 to 300 degrees Celsius.
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์„ญ์”จ 200 - 300 ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
And these reactors run at 600 to 700 degrees Celsius,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ด๋“ค ์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ์„ญ์”จ 600~700 ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:08
which means the higher the temperature you go to,
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๋” ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก
05:10
thermodynamics tells you that you will have higher efficiencies.
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์—ด์—ญํ•™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋” ๋†’์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
And this reactor doesn't use water. It uses gas,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ฃ .
05:17
so supercritical CO2 or helium,
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์ดˆ์ž„๊ณ„ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋‚˜ ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์ด
05:19
and that goes into a turbine,
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ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ 
05:21
and this is called the Brayton cycle.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํŠผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
This is the thermodynamic cycle that produces electricity,
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ด์—ญํ•™ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ด๊ณ 
05:25
and this makes this almost 50 percent efficient,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 50 %์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
between 45 and 50 percent efficiency.
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45 ~50 %์ •๋„์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ด์ฃ .
05:30
And I'm really excited about this,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์›์ž๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด๋ฐ์š”
05:32
because it's a very compact core.
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์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
Molten salt reactors are very compact by nature,
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์šฉ์œต ์—ผ ์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ์ž‘์€๋ฐ
05:39
but what's also great is you get a lot more electricity out
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๋˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„์—ดํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ์–‘์— ๋น„ํ•ด
05:42
for how much uranium you're fissioning,
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
not to mention the fact that these burn up.
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์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„์„ ํƒœ์šธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:47
Their burn-up is much higher.
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ํƒœ์šฐ๋Š” ์–‘์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
So for a given amount of fuel you put in the reactor,
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์›์ž๋กœ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์–‘์— ๋น„ํ•ด
05:51
a lot more of it's being used.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:53
And the problem with a traditional nuclear power plant like this
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๊ธฐ์กด ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
05:56
is, you've got these rods that are clad in zirconium,
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์ง€๋ฅด์ฝ”๋Š„์— ์‹ธ์ธ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ด‰์ธ๋ฐ
06:00
and inside them are uranium dioxide fuel pellets.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์•Œ๊ฐฑ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
Well, uranium dioxide's a ceramic,
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์ž, ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„์€ ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏน์ด๊ณ 
06:05
and ceramic doesn't like releasing what's inside of it.
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์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏน์€ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
So you have what's called the xenon pit,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๋…ผ ํ”ผํŠธ(๊ตฌ๋ฉ)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
and so some of these fission products love neutrons.
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ํ•ต๋ถ„์—ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:13
They love the neutrons that are going on
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์ค‘์„ฑ์ž๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์„œ
06:14
and helping this reaction take place.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
And they eat them up, which means that, combined with
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์ค‘์„ฑ์ž๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋‹ค
06:19
the fact that the cladding doesn't last very long,
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ํ”ผ๋ณต์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:22
you can only run one of these reactors
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์ด ์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
06:23
for roughly, say, 18 months without refueling it.
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๋Œ€๋žต 18๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ–์— ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
So these reactors run for 30 years without refueling,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์›์ž๋กœ๊ฐ€
06:33
which is, in my opinion, very, very amazing,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
06:35
because it means it's a sealed system.
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๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ๋ฐ€๋ด‰๋œ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
06:37
No refueling means you can seal them up
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๋ฐ€๋ด‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:40
and they're not going to be a proliferation risk,
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ํ•ต๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
06:43
and they're not going to have
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์›์ž๋กœ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ
06:45
either nuclear material or radiological material
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ํ•ต ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด
06:48
proliferated from their cores.
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ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
But let's go back to safety, because everybody
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ฃ . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค
06:53
after Fukushima had to reassess the safety of nuclear,
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ํ›„์ฟ ์‹œ๋งˆ ์‚ฌํƒœ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์›์ž๋ ฅ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:57
and one of the things when I set out to design a power reactor
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›์ž๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ ์€
06:59
was it had to be passively and intrinsically safe,
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์†Œ๊ทน์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:03
and I'm really excited about this reactor
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์ €๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:06
for essentially two reasons.
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์ด ์›์ž๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
One, it doesn't operate at high pressure.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์••์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:11
So traditional reactors like a pressurized water reactor
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€์••์ˆ˜ํ˜• ์›์ž๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋น„๋“ฑ์ˆ˜ ์›์ž๋กœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
07:14
or boiling water reactor, they're very, very hot water
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๊ธฐ์กด ์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์€ ์••๋ ฅ์—์„œ
07:16
at very high pressures, and this means, essentially,
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์ •๋ง ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ . ์ด ๋ง์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:20
in the event of an accident, if you had any kind of breach
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ, ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์Šคํ‹ธ ์••๋ ฅ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์—
07:23
of this stainless steel pressure vessel,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด
07:26
the coolant would leave the core.
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์›์ž๋กœ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
These reactors operate at essentially atmospheric pressure,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋“ค ์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
07:31
so there's no inclination for the fission products
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•ต๋ถ„์—ด ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ฌผ์ด
07:35
to leave the reactor in the event of an accident.
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์›์ž๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
Also, they operate at high temperatures,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:40
and the fuel is molten, so they can't melt down,
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์šฉ์œต๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ ๋…น์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
but in the event that the reactor ever went out of tolerances,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์›์ž๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ฐ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:47
or you lost off-site power in the case
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ํ›„์ฟ ์‹œ๋งˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:50
of something like Fukushima, there's a dump tank.
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์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ „์›์ด ๋Š๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ์šฉ ํƒฑํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
Because your fuel is liquid, and it's combined with your coolant,
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๊ณ  ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ž์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
07:57
you could actually just drain the core
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์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋‚ด์„œ
08:00
into what's called a sub-critical setting,
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์ž„๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
basically a tank underneath the reactor
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›์ž๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒฑํฌ์—
08:04
that has some neutrons absorbers.
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์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ํก์ˆ˜์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
And this is really important, because the reaction stops.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:10
In this kind of reactor, you can't do that.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์›์ž๋กœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
The fuel, like I said, is ceramic inside zirconium fuel rods,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅด์ฝ”๋Š„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ด‰์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏน์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:16
and in the event of an accident in one of these type of reactors,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์›์ž๋กœ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฉด
08:19
Fukushima and Three Mile Island --
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ํ›„์ฟ ์‹œ๋งˆ์™€ ์“ฐ๋ฆฌ๋งˆ์ผ ์„ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ --
08:21
looking back at Three Mile Island, we didn't really see this for a while โ€”
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์“ฐ๋ฆฌ๋งˆ์ผ ์„ฌ์„ ๋Œ์ด์ผœ๋ณด๋ฉด, ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:24
but these zirconium claddings on these fuel rods,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ด‰์„ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅด์ฝ”๋Š„์ด
08:27
what happens is, when they see high pressure water,
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๊ณ ์•• ์ฆ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ 
08:30
steam, in an oxidizing environment,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐํ™” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด,
08:33
they'll actually produce hydrogen,
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์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ ,
08:35
and that hydrogen has this explosive capability
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋Š” ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ
08:38
to release fission products.
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ํ•ต๋ถ„์—ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
So the core of this reactor, since it's not under pressure
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์›์ž๋กœ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
08:42
and it doesn't have this chemical reactivity,
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ํ™”ํ•™์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:44
means that there's no inclination for the fission products
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๊ทธ๋ง์€ ํ•ต๋ถ„์—ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์›์ž๋กœ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:48
to leave this reactor.
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๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
So even in the event of an accident,
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์„ค๋ น ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์„œ
08:52
yeah, the reactor may be toast, which is, you know,
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์›์ž๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
08:55
sorry for the power company,
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์ „๋ ฅ ํšŒ์‚ฌํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
08:57
but we're not going to contaminate large quantities of land.
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๋„“์€ ๋•…์„ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
So I really think that in the, say,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
09:03
20 years it's going to take us to get fusion
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20๋…„ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ต์œตํ•ฉ์„
09:05
and make fusion a reality,
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ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ,
09:08
this could be the source of energy
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ด ๋˜์–ด
09:10
that provides carbon-free electricity.
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๋ฌดํƒ„์†Œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
Carbon-free electricity.
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ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ.
09:15
And it's an amazing technology because
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ฃ .
09:18
not only does it combat climate change,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์‹ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:21
but it's an innovation.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ๋„ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:22
It's a way to bring power to the developing world,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
because it's produced in a factory and it's cheap.
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๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ’์ด ์‹ธ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:28
You can put them anywhere in the world you want to.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””๋“  ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
And maybe something else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:33
As a kid, I was obsessed with space.
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์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Well, I was obsessed with nuclear science too, to a point,
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์›์ž๋ ฅ ๊ณผํ•™์—๋„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์ฃ .
09:38
but before that I was obsessed with space,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
09:41
and I was really excited about, you know,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:43
being an astronaut and designing rockets,
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๋กœ์ผ“ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
which was something that was always exciting to me.
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์ €ํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:47
But I think I get to come back to this,
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์•„๊นŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
09:50
because imagine having a compact reactor in a rocket
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50~100 ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š”
09:53
that produces 50 to 100 megawatts.
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์†Œํ˜• ์›์ž๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋กœ์ผ“ํŠธ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:56
That is the rocket designer's dream.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋กœ์ผ“ ์„ค๊ณ„์ž์˜ ๊ฟˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
That's someone who is designing a habitat on another planet's dream.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฟˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Not only do you have 50 to 100 megawatts
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
10:05
to power whatever you want to provide propulsion to get you there,
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50~100 ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:10
but you have power once you get there.
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๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ๋’ค์—๋„ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์ฃ .
10:11
You know, rocket designers who use solar panels
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๋กœ์ผ“ํŠธ ์„ค๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์€ ํƒœ์–‘ ์ „์ง€ํŒ์ด๋‚˜
10:15
or fuel cells, I mean a few watts or kilowatts --
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ์จ์„œ ๋ช‡ ์™€ํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋ช‡ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ์™€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
10:17
wow, that's a lot of power.
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์™€, ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด์ฃ .
10:19
I mean, now we're talking about 100 megawatts.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ 100 ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:22
That's a ton of power.
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1ํ†ค์˜ ํž˜์ด์ฃ .
10:23
That could power a Martian community.
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ํ™”์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
That could power a rocket there.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋กœ์ผ“ํŠธ์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:27
And so I hope that
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
10:29
maybe I'll have an opportunity to kind of explore
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ํ•ต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ด์ •์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—
10:31
my rocketry passion at the same time that I explore my nuclear passion.
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๋กœ์ผ“์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ด์ •๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
And people say, "Oh, well, you've launched this thing,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ฃ . "์˜ค, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ,
10:39
and it's radioactive, into space, and what about accidents?"
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ?"
10:42
But we launch plutonium batteries all the time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ฃจํ† ๋Š„ ์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Š˜ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Everybody was really excited about Curiosity,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„  "ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ(Curiosity)"ํ˜ธ์— ํฅ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:47
and that had this big plutonium battery on board
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"ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ"ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํ”Œ๋ฃจํ† ๋Š„ ์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:49
that has plutonium-238,
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ํ”Œ๋ฃจํ† ๋Š„-238 ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๊ณ 
10:52
which actually has a higher specific activity
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์ €๋†์ถ• ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค ์šฉ์œต ์—ผ ์›์ž๋กœ๋ณด๋‹ค
10:54
than the low-enriched uranium fuel of these molten salt reactors,
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๋” ๋†’์€ ๋น„๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
which means that the effects would be negligible,
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๊ทธ๋ง์€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ •๋„๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
because you launch it cold,
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๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ‘๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:03
and when it gets into space is where you actually activate this reactor.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์„ฐ์„ ๋•Œ ์›์ž๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:06
So I'm really excited.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์‹ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
I think that I've designed this reactor here
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์ด ์›์ž๋กœ๊ฐ€
11:10
that can be an innovative source of energy,
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž์›์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:14
provide power for all kinds of neat scientific applications,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์žฅ๋น„์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
and I'm really prepared to do this.
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์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ด์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
I graduated high school in May, and --
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์ €๋Š” 5์›”์— ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:23
(Laughter) (Applause) โ€”
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (์†๋ผ‰)
11:27
I graduated high school in May,
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5์›”์— ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
11:29
and I decided that I was going to start up a company
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ƒ์—…ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”
11:32
to commercialize these technologies that I've developed,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
these revolutionary detectors for scanning cargo containers
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ํ™”๋ฌผ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์Šค์บ”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง€๊ธฐ์™€
11:37
and these systems to produce medical isotopes,
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์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ๋™์œ„ ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ,
11:40
but I want to do this, and I've slowly been building up
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
11:43
a team of some of the most incredible people
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
11:45
I've ever had the chance to work with,
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์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ํŒ€์„ ๊พธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
and I'm really prepared to make this a reality.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
And I think, I think, that looking at the technology,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
11:53
this will be cheaper than or the same price as natural gas,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋  ํ…Œ๊ณ 
11:59
and you don't have to refuel it for 30 years,
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30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
which is an advantage for the developing world.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ์ด์ ์ด์ฃ .
12:03
And I'll just say one more maybe philosophical thing
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์ฒ ํ•™์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋๋‚ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
to end with, which is weird for a scientist.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ข€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ผํ…Œ์ง€์š”.
12:08
But I think there's something really poetic
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•ต์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:11
about using nuclear power to propel us to the stars,
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์ •๋ง ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
because the stars are giant fusion reactors.
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๋ณ„์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ต์œตํ•ฉ ์›์ž๋กœ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:17
They're giant nuclear cauldrons in the sky.
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๋ณ„์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ต ๊ฐ€๋งˆ์†ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
The energy that I'm able to talk to you today,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š”
12:23
while it was converted to chemical energy in my food,
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์ œ ์Œ์‹ ์†์—์„œ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:25
originally came from a nuclear reaction,
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์›๋ž˜๋Š” ํ•ต๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
and so there's something poetic about, in my opinion,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•ต๋ถ„์—ด์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ํ•ด์„œ
12:31
perfecting nuclear fission
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์›์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:34
and using it as a future source of innovative energy.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
So thank you guys.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
12:40
(Applause)
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(์†๋ผ‰)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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