Charles Robertson: Africa's next boom

101,236 views ใƒป 2013-10-22

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: jihan jung ๊ฒ€ํ† : ์ฃผํฌ ์ •
00:12
Africa is booming.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Per capita incomes since the year 2000
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1์ธ๋‹น ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์†Œ๋“์ด 2000๋…„๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:16
have doubled,
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2๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:18
and this boom is impacting on everyone.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Life expectancy has increased by one year
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€
00:24
every three years for the last decade.
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3๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค 1๋…„์”ฉ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
That means if an African child is born today,
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์ฆ‰, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์•„์ด๋Š”
00:30
rather than three days ago,
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3์ผ์ „์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์•„์ด๋ณด๋‹ค
00:32
they will get an extra day of life
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ
00:34
at the end of their lifespan.
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๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
It's that quick.
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(๋ฐœ์ „ ์†๋„๊ฐ€) ์ด ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
And HIV infection rates are down 27 percent:
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์—์ด์ฆˆ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ฅ ๋„ 27% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
00:42
600,000 less people a year are getting HIV
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ด๋‚จ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ 60๋งŒ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์ ๊ฒŒ
00:46
in sub-Saharan Africa.
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์—์ด์ฆˆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
The battle against malaria is being won,
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ •๋ณต๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:52
with deaths from malaria down 27 percent,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
00:55
according to the latest World Bank data.
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด 27% ์ค„์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
And malaria nets actually are playing a role in that.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
This shouldn't surprise us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋†€๋ž„ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
because actually, everybody grows.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
If you go back to Imperial Rome
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๋จ„์•ฝ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:06
in the Year 1 A.D.,
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์„œ๊ธฐ 1๋…„,
01:09
there was admittedly about 1,800 years
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๊ทธํ›„๋กœ 1,800๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ
01:11
where there wasn't an awful lot of growth.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:13
But then the people that the Romans
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ›„์— ์ €์˜ ์„ ์กฐ์ด์ž
01:15
would have called Scottish barbarians, my ancestors,
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์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์‰ฌ ๋ฐ”๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ๋“ค์€
01:19
were actually part of the Industrial Revolution,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜๋ช…์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
and in the 19th century, growth began to accelerate,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  19์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
01:24
and you saw that get quicker and quicker,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ์ด ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
and it's been impacting everyone.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
It doesn't matter if this is the jungles of Singapore
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์˜ ์ •๊ธ€์ธ์ง€
01:32
or the tundra of northern Finland.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ ๋ถ๋ถ€์˜ ํˆฐ๋“œ๋ผ ์ง€์—ญ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Everybody gets involved. It's just a matter of when
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€
01:37
the inevitable happens.
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์–ธ์ œ ๊ทธ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Among the reasons I think it's happening right now
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:42
is the quality of the leadership across Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์˜ ์ž์งˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
I think most of us would agree that in the 1990s,
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1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ธ์ด
01:49
the greatest politician in the world was African,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
but I'm meeting brilliant people
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ
01:55
across the continent the entire time,
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ ,
01:57
and they're doing the reforms
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:59
which have transformed the economic situation
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๊ฒ…์ œ ์ •์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์˜จ ๊ฐœํ˜์„
02:01
for their countries.
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์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
And the West is engaging with that.
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์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ์ด์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
The West has given debt forgiveness programs
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์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ "๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํƒ•๊ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ"์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:07
which have halved sub-Saharan debt
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ด๋‚จ์ง€์—ญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ
02:10
from about 70 percent of GDP down to about 40.
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GDP์˜ 70%์—์„œ 40%๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
At the same time, our debt level's gone up to 120
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๋™์‹œ์— ์ €ํฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š” (GDP์˜) 120%๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”๊ณ 
02:16
and we're all feeling slightly miserable
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋”
02:18
as a result.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•ด์กŒ์Œ์„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Politics gets weaker when debt is high.
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๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ •์น˜๋ ฅ์€ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
When public sector debt is low,
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๊ณต๊ณต ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด
02:25
governments don't have to choose
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ค‘
02:26
between investing in education and health
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์–ด๋””์— ํˆฌ์žํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:29
and paying interest on that debt you owe.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋นš์ง„ ๋ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
And it's not just the public sector which is looking so good.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋งŒ ์ข‹์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
The private sector as well.
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋„ ์ข‹์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
Again, in the West, we have private sector debt
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์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
02:39
of 200 percent of GDP in Spain,
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์€ GDP์˜ 200%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:42
the U.K., and the U.S.
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์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
That's an awful lot of debt.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Africa, many African countries,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋งŽ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€
02:49
are sitting at 10 to 30 percent of GDP.
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ GDP์˜ 10์—์„œ 30% ๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
If there's any continent that can do what China has done --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด --
02:56
China's at about 130 percent of GDP on that chart --
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๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š” GDP์˜ 130%์ธ๋ฐ,
02:59
if anyone can do what China has done
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฃฌ ์—…์ ๊ณผ
03:01
in the last 30 years,
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๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:03
it'll be Africa in the next 30.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ 30๋…„๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
So they've got great government finances, great private sector debt.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ถ€ ์žฌ์ •๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋‹๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Does anyone recognize this? In fact, they do.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์…จ๋˜ ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Foreign direct investment
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์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ ํˆฌ์ž๊ธˆ์ด
03:13
has poured into Africa in the last 15 years.
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์ง€๋‚œ 15๋…„๊ฐ„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Back in the '70s,
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1970๋…„๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
03:19
no one touched the continent with a barge pole.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
And this investment is actually Western-led.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„œ์–‘์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
We hear a lot about China,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
and they do lend a lot of money,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ (์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—) ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:28
but 60 percent of the FDI in the last couple of years
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์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„๊ฐ„ 60%์˜ FDI(์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ง์ ‘ ํˆฌ์ž)๋Š”
03:31
has come from Europe, America, Australia, Canada.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Ten percent's come from India.
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10%๋Š” ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
And they're investing in energy.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Africa produces 10 million barrels a day of oil now.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งค์ผ 1,000๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด์ •๋„์˜ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
It's the same as Saudi Arabia or Russia.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” ์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„๋‚˜ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And they're investing in telecoms,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ํ†ต์‹  ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์—
03:47
shopping malls.
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ํˆฌ์žํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
And this very encouraging story, I think,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„์ทจ์ ์ธ ์ ์€
03:53
is partly demographic-led.
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๋…ธ๋™ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
And it's not just about African demographics.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋งŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
I'm showing you the number of 15- to 24-year-olds
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์˜ 15์„ธ์—์„œ 24์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
04:01
in various parts of the world,
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ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:03
and the blue line is the one I want you to focus on for a second.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋ž€์„ ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Ten years ago, say you're Foxconn
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10๋…„ ์ „์—, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด Foxconn์ด๊ณ 
04:09
setting up an iPhone factory, by chance.
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์•„์ดํฐ ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
You might choose China,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
which is the bulk of that East Asian blue line,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ(ํŒŒ๋ž€์„ )์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
where there's 200 million young people,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์—๋Š” 2์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:17
and every year until 2010 that's getting bigger.
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2010๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งค๋…„ ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
Which means you're going to have new guys
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:24
knocking on the door saying, "Give us a job,"
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„์™€ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค"
04:27
and, "I don't need a big pay rise, just please give me a job."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
Now, that's completely changed now.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์ด๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
This decade, we're going to see a 20- to 30-percent
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ 15์„ธ-24์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
04:36
fall in the number of 15- to 24-year-olds in China.
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20~30% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
So where do you set up your new factory?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:43
You look at South Asia, and people are.
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๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฃ . ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
They're looking at Pakistan and Bangladesh,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
04:47
and they're also looking at Africa.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
And they're looking at Africa
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
because that yellow line is showing you
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋…ธ๋ž€์„ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
04:54
that the number of young Africans
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€
04:55
is going to continue to get bigger
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์ ์  ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
decade after decade after decade out to 2050.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ 2050๋…„์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Now, there's a problem with lots of young people
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ๋งŽ์€ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด
05:05
coming into any market,
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์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์žฅ์—๋‚˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
particularly when they're young men.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ Š์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
A bit dangerous, sometimes.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
I think one of the crucial factors
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋Š”
05:13
is how educated is that demographic?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ต์œก์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
If you look at the red line here,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
05:18
what you're going to see is that in 1975,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ 1975๋…„์—
05:20
just nine percent of kids
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ด๋‚จ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ 9%์˜ ์•„์ด๋งŒ์ด
05:22
were in secondary school education
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์ดˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์ค‘๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Œ์„
05:24
in sub-Saharan Africa.
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
Would you set up a factory
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
05:29
in sub-Sahara in the mid-1970s?
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1970๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ์ด๋‚จ์— ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ์…จ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:31
Nobody else did.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
They chose instead Turkey and Mexico
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ง๋ฌผ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
05:35
to set up the textiles factories,
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค๋‚˜ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€์„๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
05:37
because their education levels
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์ด
05:39
were 25 to 30 percent.
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25~ 30%์ •๋„์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
Today, sub-Sahara is at the levels
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ด๋‚จ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€์€
05:45
that Turkey and Mexico were at in 1975.
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1975๋…„ ํ„ฐํ‚ค์™€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
They will get the textiles jobs
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง๋ฌผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
05:52
that will take people out of rural poverty
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
05:55
and put them on the road to industrialization and wealth.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์™€ ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ธธ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
So what's Africa looking like today?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
06:02
This is how I look at Africa.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
It's a bit odd, because I'm an economist.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:06
Each little box is about a billion dollars,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ƒ์ž๋Š” 10์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ 
06:08
and you see that I pay an awful lot of attention
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์—
06:10
to Nigeria sitting there in the middle.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
South Africa is playing a role.
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
But when I'm thinking about the future,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:16
I'm actually most interested
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์ €๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค
06:19
in Central, Western and Southern Africa.
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์ค‘์•™, ์„œ๋ถ€, ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
If I look at Africa by population,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:24
East Africa stands out
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๋™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ๋‹๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
06:25
as so much potential.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
And I'm showing you something else with these maps.
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์ด ์ง€๋„๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
I'm showing you democracy versus autocracy.
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๋จผ์ € ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋…์žฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
Fragile democracies is the beige color.
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๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฒ ์ด์ง€ ์ƒ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
Strong democracies are the orange color.
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์•ˆ์ •๋œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€ ์ƒ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
And what you'll see here is that most Africans
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
06:42
are now living in democracies.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Why does that matter?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:48
Because what people want
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
06:50
is what politicians try,
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
06:52
they don't always succeed, but they try and deliver.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:55
And what you've got is a reinforcing positive circle going on.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ป์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ์„ ์ˆœํ™˜์ด ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
In Ghana in the elections, in December 2012,
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2012๋…„ 12์›”, ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ
07:01
the battle between the two candidates
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2๋ช…์˜ ํ›„๋ณด์ž๊ฐ„์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฒฐ ์ดˆ์ ์€
07:03
was over education.
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๊ต์œก์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
One guy offered free secondary school education
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ํ•œ๋ช…์€ 30%๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ดˆ์ค‘๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ž๋Š”
07:08
to all, not just 30 percent.
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์ž…์žฅ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:11
The other guy had to say,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€
07:12
I'm going to build 50 new schools.
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50๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
He won by a margin.
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ํ›„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
So democracy is encouraging governments
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
07:20
to invest in education.
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๊ต์œก์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
Education is helping growth and investment,
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๊ต์œก์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
07:24
and that's giving budget revenues,
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์ด๋Š” ์„ธ์ž…์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ
07:25
which is giving governments more money,
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
which is helping growth through education.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
It's a positive, virtuous circle.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆœํ™˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
But I get asked this question,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
and this particular question makes me quite sad:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
It's, "But what about corruption?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "๋ถ€ํŒจ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
07:41
How can you invest in Africa when there's corruption?"
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ํˆฌ์žํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ?"์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
And what makes me sad about it
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋˜ ์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€
07:47
is that this graph here is showing you
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:49
that the biggest correlation with corruption is wealth.
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๋ถ€์™€ ๋ถ€ํŒจ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
When you're poor, corruption is not your biggest priority.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
And the countries on the right hand side,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ
07:59
you'll see the per capita GDP,
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๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์˜ 1์ธ๋‹น GDP๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
basically every country
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1์ธ๋‹น GDP๊ฐ€ 5,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ
08:03
with a per capita GDP of, say, less than 5,000 dollars,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
08:06
has got a corruption score
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๋ถ€ํŒจ ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋žต
08:09
of roughly, what's that, about three?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, 3์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
08:12
Three out of 10. That's not good.
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10์  ๋งŒ์ ์—์„œ 3์ ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ํŽธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
Every poor country is corrupt.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—๋Š” ๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
Every rich country is relatively uncorrupt.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
How do you get from poverty and corruption
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํŒจ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜
08:24
to wealth and less corruption?
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋œ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:27
You see the middle class grow.
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
08:29
And the way to do that is to invest,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
not to say I'm not investing in that continent
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—๋Š” ๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•ด์„œ
08:36
because there's too much corruption.
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ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:38
Now, I don't want to be an apologist for corruption.
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์ €๋Š” ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
I've been arrested because I refused to pay a bribe --
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์ €๋Š” ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ฒดํฌ๋œ ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
not in Africa, actually.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:46
But what I'm saying here is that
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:47
we can make a difference
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
and we can do that by investing.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
Now I'm going to let you in on a little not-so-secret.
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋น„๋ฐ€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
Economists aren't great at forecasting.
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
Because the question really is, what happens next?
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:01
And if you go back to the year 2000,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 2000๋…„๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
09:03
what you'll find is The Economist
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ "์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฏธ์ŠคํŠธ์ง€(็ด™)"์˜
09:05
had a very famous cover, "The Hopeless Continent,"
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"ํฌ๋ง์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฅ™"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ „๋ฉด ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
and what they'd done is they'd looked at growth
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:10
in Africa over the previous 10 years -- two percent --
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ (2%)์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
and they said,
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๊ทธ ์žก์ง€๋Š” ๋˜ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
what's going to happen in the next 10 years?
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ 10๋…„์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
09:19
They assumed two percent,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 2%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
and that made it a pretty hopeless story,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ํฌ๋ง์—†๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
because population growth was two and a half.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด 2.5% ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
People got poorer in Africa in the 1990s.
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1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ ์  ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•ด์กŒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
Now 2012, The Economist has a new cover,
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2012๋…„, "์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฏธ์ŠคํŠธ์ง€(็ด™)"๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „๋ฉด ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
and what does that new cover show?
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ ธ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:34
That new cover shows, well, Africa rising,
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๊ทธ ํ‘œ์ง€์—๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:37
because the growth over the last 10 years
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š”
09:39
has been about five and a half percent.
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5.5%์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
I would like to see if you can all now become economists,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
because if growth for the last 10 years
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด
09:48
has been five and a half percent,
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5.5%์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:50
what do you think the IMF is forecasting
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IMF๊ฐ€ ์ดํ›„ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„
09:52
for the next five years of growth in Africa?
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๋ช‡ ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:55
Very good. I think you're secretly saying
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์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์†์œผ๋กœ
09:57
to your head, probably five and a half percent.
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5.5%์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
You're all economists, and I think,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
like most economists, wrong.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
No offense.
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ๋‚˜์˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
What I like to do is try and find the countries
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
10:09
that are doing exactly what Africa has already done,
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
10:13
and it means that jump from 1,800 years of nothing
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์ด๋Š” 1800๋…„์ „์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:17
to whoof, suddenly shooting through the roof.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
India is one of those examples.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
This is Indian growth from 1960 to 2010.
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์ด ํ‘œ๋Š” 1960๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2010๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Ignore the scale on the bottom for a second.
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๋งจ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์ผ๋‹จ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•ด์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:29
Actually, for the first 20 years,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฒ˜์Œ 20๋…„๊ฐ„
10:32
the '60s and '70s, India didn't really grow.
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์ฆ‰ 60๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 70๋…„๋Œ€ ์ธ๋„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
It grew at two percent
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 2%๋ฐ–์— ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
when population growth was about two and a half.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋„ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ 2.5%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
If that's familiar, that's exactly what happened
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฏ์ต์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
10:42
in sub-Sahara in the '80s and the '90s.
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80๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 90๋…„๋Œ€์— ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
And then something happened in 1980.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1980๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ผ์ด ํ„ฐ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
Boom! India began to explode.
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๋ถ! ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
It wasn't a "Hindu rate of growth,"
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "ํžŒ๋‘์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ "
10:51
"democracies can't grow." Actually India could.
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"๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅํ• ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
And if I lay sub-Saharan growth
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ด๋‚จ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„
10:57
on top of the Indian growth story,
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์ธ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์œ„์— ๊ฒน์น˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
10:59
it's remarkably similar.
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์ด ๋‘˜์€ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
Twenty years of not much growth
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๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ 20๋…„๊ณผ
11:04
and a trend line which is actually telling you
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์ถ”์„ธ์„ ์€
11:05
that sub-Saharan African growth is
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ด๋‚จ ์ง€์—ญ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด
11:07
slightly better than India.
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์ธ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
And if I then lay developing Asia on top of this,
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์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋ณด๋ฉด
11:13
I'm saying India is 20 years ahead of Africa,
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์ธ๋„๋Š” 20๋…„ ์ •๋„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์•ž์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
11:16
I'm saying developing Asia is 10 years ahead of India,
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์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์ธ๋„์— 10๋…„์ •๋„ ์•ž์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
I can draw out some forecasts
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์ €๋Š” ์ดํ›„ 30๋…„์—์„œ 40๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:22
for the next 30 to 40 years
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์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
which I think are better
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
11:27
than the ones where you're looking backwards.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
And that tells me this:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ
11:32
that Africa is going to go
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ
11:34
from a $2 trillion economy today
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ 2์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ
11:37
to a $29 trillion economy by 2050.
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2050๋…„์—๋Š” 29์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ด ๋  ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
Now that's bigger than Europe and America
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์ด๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ
11:43
put together in today's money.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ํ™”ํ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Life expectancy is going to go up by 13 years.
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์—ญ์‹œ 13๋…„์ด ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
11:50
The population's going to double
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์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
from one billion to two billion,
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10์–ต์—์„œ 20์–ต์œผ๋กœ์š”.
11:54
so household incomes are going to go up sevenfold
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •๋‚ด ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด 7๋ฐฐ์ •๋„ ๋†’์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
in the next 35 years.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ 35๋…„์•ˆ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
And when I present this in Africa --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
12:03
Nairobi, Lagos, Accra -- I get one question.
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๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„, ๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค, ์•„ํฌ๋ผ - ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
"Charlie, why are you so pessimistic?"
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"์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์™œ ์ด๋ฆฌ ๋น„๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
12:12
And you know what?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:13
Actually, I think they've got a point.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ ์งš์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
Am I really saying that there can be nothing learned,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์‹œ์•„๋‚˜ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
12:18
yes from the positives in Asia and India,
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€๋„
12:22
but also the negatives?
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:23
Perhaps Africa can avoid some of the mistakes that have been made.
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์•„๋งˆ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„์™€ ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
Surely, the technologies that we're talking about here
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ค‘์— ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
12:29
this last week,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€
12:31
surely some of these can perhaps
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋งˆ
12:32
help Africa grow even faster?
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:35
And I think here we can play a role.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
Because technology does let you help.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
You can go and download
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
12:43
some of the great African literature
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
12:45
from the Internet now.
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๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
No, not right now, just 30 seconds.
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ 30์ดˆ๋งŒ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
You can go and buy some of the great tunes.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์Œ์•…๋„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
My iPod's full of them.
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์ œ ์•„์ดํŒŸ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Buy African products.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:55
Go on holiday and see for yourself
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ
12:57
the change that's happening.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:58
Invest.
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ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:59
Perhaps hire people, give them the skills
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:02
that they can take back to Africa,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ณ 
13:04
and their companies will grow an awful lot faster
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์„œ์–‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
13:06
than most of ours here in the West.
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๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
And then you and I can help make sure
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ €์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
13:13
that for Africa, the 21st century is their century.
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
Thank you very much.
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์ œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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