Xavier Vilalta: Architecture at home in its community

82,919 views ใƒป 2013-10-25

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : K Bang
00:12
My work focuses on the connection of
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์ œ ์ผ์€
00:15
both thinking about our community life
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ
00:18
being part of the environment
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
where architecture grows from the natural
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ
00:22
local conditions and traditions.
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์ „ํ†ต์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
Today I brought two recent projects
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๋‘ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ
00:28
as an example of this.
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๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Both projects are in emerging countries,
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๋‘ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์‹ ํฅ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
one in Ethiopia and another one in Tunisia.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
And also they have in common
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์ด ๋‘ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:37
that the different analyses from different perspectives
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๊ทธ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด๋ž€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์„์ด
00:40
becomes an essential part of the final piece of architecture.
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๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
The first example started with an invitation
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„
00:47
to design a multistory shopping mall
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์•„๋””์Šค ์•„๋ฐ”๋ฐ”์— ๋‹ค์ธต ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์„
00:49
in Ethiopia's capital city Addis Ababa.
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๋””์ž์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
And this is the type of building
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ• 
00:54
we were shown as an example, to my team and myself,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์ €์™€ ์ œ ํŒ€์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€
00:57
of what we had to design.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
At first, the first thing I thought was,
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์šฐ์„  ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
01:01
I want to run away.
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๋„๋ง์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:05
After seeing a few of these buildings --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ๋ณธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— --
01:07
there are many in the city --
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์ด ๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
01:09
we realized that they have three very big points.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
First, these buildings, they are almost empty
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์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
because they have very large shops
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ํŒŒ๋Š”
01:16
where people cannot afford to buy things.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์ƒ์ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
Second, they need tons of energy to perform
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๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์—ด์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
01:22
because of the skin treatment with glass
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์œ ๋ฆฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:24
that creates heat in the inside,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:26
and then you need a lot of cooling.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
In a city where this shouldn't happen
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1๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด 20์—์„œ 25๋„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜จํ™”ํ•œ
01:30
because they have really mild weather
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๋‚ ์”จ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ
01:32
that ranges from 20 to 25 degrees the whole year.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜์ฃ .
01:35
And third is that their image has nothing to do
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋‚˜ ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„์— ์ „ํ˜€
01:39
with Africa and with Ethiopia.
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์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
It is a pity in a place that has such rich culture and traditions.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ์ „ํ†ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ์จ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์•ˆ๋  ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
01:46
Also during our first visit to Ethiopia,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
01:49
I was really captivated by the old merkato
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฉ”๋ฅด์นดํ† (merkato)์— ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋„‹์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
that is this open-air structure
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ฅ์™ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:54
where thousands of people, they go and buy things
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๋งค์ผ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
01:55
every day from small vendors.
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์ž‘์€ ์ƒ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
And also it has this idea of the public space
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
02:00
that uses the outdoors to create activity.
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์•ผ์™ธ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
So I thought, this is what I really want to design,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€
02:07
not a shopping mall.
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์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
But the question was how we could do a multistory,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์›์น™์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ
02:12
contemporary building with these principles.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
The next challenge was when we looked at the site,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋„์ „์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
that is, in a really growing area of the city,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ง€์—ญ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:20
where most of these buildings that you see in the image,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด
02:22
they were not there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
And it's also between two parallel streets
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
02:26
that don't have any connection for hundreds of meters.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ธธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
So the first thing we did was to create a connection
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ์„  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž‡๋Š”
02:32
between these two streets,
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
02:34
putting all the entrances of the building.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž…๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
And this extends with an inclined atrium
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๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์šธ์–ด์ง„ ์•„ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์›€์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ ธ์„œ
02:39
that creates an open-air space in the building
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์•ผ์™ธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:41
that self-protects itself with its own shape
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๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
02:44
from the sun and the rain.
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ํ–‡๋น›๊ณผ ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
And around this void
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—
02:47
we placed this idea of the market with small shops,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์ƒ์ ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
that change in each floor because of the shape of the void.
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ ์ธต์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์ง€์š”.
02:54
I also thought, how to close the building?
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์ €๋Š” ๋˜, ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
And I really wanted to find a solution
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋งž๋Š”
02:59
that would respond to the local climate conditions.
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๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
And I started thinking about the textile
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์ €๋Š” ๋˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€ ํ–‡๋น›์ด ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ๋„
03:04
like a shell made of concrete
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ณผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”
03:06
with perforations that would let the air in,
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ 
03:10
and also the light, but in a filtered way.
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์ง๋ฌผ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
And then the inspiration came from these beautiful patterns of the Ethiopian women's dresses.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ž…๋Š” ์˜ท์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ฌธ์–‘์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
That they have fractal geometry properties
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ํ”„๋ž™ํƒˆ ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”
03:20
and this helped me to shape the whole facade.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์–‘๋“ค์ด ์ „์ฒด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:22
And we are building that
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ง์กฐํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด
03:24
with these small prefabricated pieces
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ์ œ์–ด๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
03:26
that are the windows that let the air and the light
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š”
03:30
in a controlled way inside the building.
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์ฐฝ์˜ ์—ญํ•™์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
And this is complemented by these small colored glasses
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฑ„์ƒ‰๋œ ์ž‘์€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:34
that use the light from the inside of the building
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์ด ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋น›์ด
03:37
to light up the building at night.
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๋ฐค์—๋„ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
With these ideas it was not easy first to convince the developers
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค๋กœ๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
03:44
because they were like,
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์™œ๋‚˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ผญ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:45
"This is not a shopping mall. We didn't ask for that."
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"์ด๊ฑด ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑธ ์›ํ•œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”."
03:47
But then we all realized that this idea of the market
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€
03:53
happened to be a lot more profitable than the idea of the shopping mall
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์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
because basically they had more shops to sell.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค ์ƒ์ ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:59
And also that the idea of the facade was much, much cheaper,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ฒฝ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ, ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋œ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:03
not only because of the material compared with the glass,
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์œ ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์žฌ์งˆ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:05
but also because we didn't need to have air conditioning anymore.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
04:08
So we created some budget savings
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋˜
04:10
that we used to implement the project.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ ˆ์•ฝ์•ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
And the first implementation was to think
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:14
about how we could make the building self-sufficient in terms of energy
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งค์ผ ์ •์ „์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด
04:17
in a city that has electricity cuts almost every day.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž์ฒด ์ถฉ๋‹นํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
So we created a huge asset by placing photovoltaics there on the roof.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋ถ•์— ํƒœ์–‘ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์ž๋ž‘์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:24
And then under those panels
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „ํŒ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ๋Š”
04:27
we thought about the roof like a new public space with gathering areas and bars
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์˜ค์•„์‹œ์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์ˆ ์ง‘์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
04:30
that would create this urban oasis.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต๊ณต ์žฅ์†Œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ถ•์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
And these porches on the roof,
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์ง€๋ถ•์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
04:35
all together they collect the water to reuse for sanitation on the inside.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
Hopefully by the beginning of next year, because we are already on the fifth floor of the construction.
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๋‚ด๋…„ ์ดˆ ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ 5์ธต ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
The second example is a master plan
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์Šค์‹œ์—
04:48
of 2,000 apartments and facilities in the city of Tunis.
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2์ฒœํ˜ธ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์™€ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ง“๋Š” ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๊ณ„ํš์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
04:51
And for doing such a big project, the biggest project I've ever designed,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐํšํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
04:55
I really needed to understand the city of Tunis,
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ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ฟ ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:57
but also its surroundings and the tradition and culture.
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๊ณผ ์ „ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
During that analysis I paid special attention to the medina
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต ์ง€๊ตฌ์ธ ๋ฉ”๋””๋‚˜์— ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
that is this 1,000-year-old structure that used to be closed by a wall,
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๋ฉ”๋””๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ 1,000๋…„์ฏค ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ
05:09
opened by twelve different gates, connected by almost straight lines.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 12๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:13
When I went to the site, the first design operation we did
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ž‘์—…์€
05:17
was to extend the existing streets, creating 12 initial blocks
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ 12๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ตฌํš์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
similar in size and characteristics to the ones we have in Barcelona
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ •์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜๋‚˜
05:25
and other cities in Europe with these courtyards.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ตฌํš์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
On top of that, we selected some strategic points
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๊ทธ ์œ„๋กœ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ๊ฐ•์กฐ์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด
05:30
reminded of this idea of the gates and connecting them by straight lines,
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๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ด์–ด ์ง์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:34
and this modified this initial pattern.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์–‘์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
And the last operation was to think about the cell,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:39
the small cell of the project, like the apartment,
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์€
05:41
as an essential part of the master plan.
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์ข…ํ•ฉ ๊ณ„ํš ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
And for that I thought, what would be the best orientation
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด ๊ธฐํ›„์—์„œ
05:46
in the Mediterranean climate for an apartment?
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์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์˜ ํ–ฅ์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์„๊นŒ?"
05:49
And it's north-south, because it creates a thermal difference between both sides of the house
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๋‚จํ–ฅ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถํ–ฅ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง‘์˜ ์–‘ ๋ฉด์ด ์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ ,
05:53
and then a natural ventilation.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํ†ตํ’์ด ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:56
So we overlap a pattern that makes sure that most of the apartments
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋“ค์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์•‰ํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
06:00
are perfectly oriented in that direction.
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์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์–‘์‹์„ ์ค‘๋ณต์‹œ์ผฐ์–ด์š”.
06:02
And this is the result
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
that is almost like a combination of the European block and the Arab city.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์‹ ๊ตฌํš๊ณผ ์•„๋ž์‹ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉํ•ด๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
06:07
It has these blocks with courtyards,
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์ •์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตฌํš๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:09
and then on the ground floor
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1์ธต์—๋Š”
06:10
you have all these connections for the pedestrians.
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๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
And also it responds to the local regulations that establish
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒ•๋ น์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ
06:15
a higher density on the upper levels and a lower density on the ground floor.
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์œ„์ชฝ ์ธต์€ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ  ์•„๋žซ ์ธต์€ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:19
And it also reinforces this idea of the gates.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
The volume has this connecting shape
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์ „์ฒด๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
06:24
that shades itself with three different types of apartments
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Š˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์š”.
06:28
and also lets the light go on the ground floor in a very dense neighborhood
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๋˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ 1์ธต์—๋Š” ๋ณ•์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
And in the courtyards there are the different facilities,
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์ •์›์—๋Š” ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ์น˜์›๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค์ด
06:34
such as a gym and a kindergarten
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๋“ค์–ด ์„ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
and close by, a series of commercial [spaces] that bring activity to the ground floor.
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๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—๋Š” 1์ธต์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์—… ์‹œ์„ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:40
The roof, which is my favorite space of the project
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ถ•์€
06:43
is almost like giving back to the community the space taken by the construction.
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๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
And it's where all the neighbors, they can go up and socialize,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์›ƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๊ต๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์ง€์š”.
06:49
and do activities such as having a two-kilometer run in the morning,
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๋˜ ์•„์นจ์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๊นŒ์ง€ 2km ๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ๋Š” ์ •๋„์˜
06:52
jumping from one building to another.
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ํ™œ๋™๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
These two examples,
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์€
06:58
they have a common approach in the design process.
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๋””์ž์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
And also, they are in emerging countries where you can see
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ ํฅ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜
07:04
the cities literally growing.
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๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
In these cities, the impact of architecture in people's lives of today and tomorrow
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€
07:11
changes the local communities and economies at the same speed as the buildings grow.
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์ง€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์†๋„๋งŒํผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
For this reason, I see even more importance
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ €๋Š”
07:19
to look at architecture finding simple but affordable solutions
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๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:24
that enhance the relationship between the community and the environment
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
07:28
and that aim to connect nature and people.
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๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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