Why we get mad -- and why it's healthy | Ryan Martin

371,132 views ใƒป 2019-07-11

TED


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

็ฟป่จณ: Riaki Poniลกt ๆ กๆญฃ: Misaki Sato
00:13
Alright, so I want you to imagine that you get a text from a friend, and it reads ...
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ๅ‹้”ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ“ใ‚“ใชใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใŒ ๆฅใŸใจใ—ใพใ™
00:18
"You will NOT believe what just happened. I'm SO MAD right now!"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Šใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใใŸ ใƒžใ‚ธใตใ–ใ‘ใ‚“ใชใฃใฆใฎ๏ผใ€
00:23
So you do the dutiful thing as a friend, and you ask for details.
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ใ„ใกใŠใ†ๅ‹้”ใจใ—ใฆ ่ฉณใ—ใ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใจ
00:26
And they tell you a story about what happened to them
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ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚ธใƒ ใ‚„่ทๅ ดใ‚„ ๅ‰ใฎๆ™ฉใฎใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใงใฎใ“ใจใ‚’
00:29
at the gym or at work or on their date last night.
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่ฉฑใ—ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใพใ™
00:31
And you listen and you try to understand why they're so mad.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’ ็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™
00:35
Maybe even secretly judge whether or not they should be so mad.
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ใใ“ใพใงๆ€’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใฎใ‹ ๅฏ†ใ‹ใซ็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
00:38
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
00:41
And maybe you even offer some suggestions.
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ๅŠฉ่จ€ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
ใ“ใ†ใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ ็งใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:43
Now, in that moment, you are doing essentially what I get to do every day,
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00:46
because I'm an anger researcher,
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
00:48
and as an anger researcher, I spend a good part of my professional life --
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่ทๆฅญไธŠ ๅ‹คๅ‹™ไธญใฏ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฒปใ—โ€”
00:52
who am I kidding, also my personal life --
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ใใ‚Œใฉใ“ใ‚ใ‹ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ™ใƒผใƒˆใงใ‚‚โ€”
00:55
studying why people get mad.
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ไบบใฏใชใœๆ€’ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:58
I study the types of thoughts they have when they get mad,
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ไบบใฏๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใฉใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆ
01:00
and I even study what they do when they get mad,
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹
ไนฑ้—˜ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ ใƒขใƒŽใซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹ใฎใ‹
01:03
whether it's getting into fights or breaking things,
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ใƒใƒƒใƒˆใซๅ…จ้ƒจๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚“ใง ๅ…ซใคๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹
01:05
or even yelling at people in all caps on the internet.
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
01:08
(Laughter)
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01:09
And as you can imagine,
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ใพใŸ ๆƒณๅƒใคใใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
01:10
when people hear I'm an anger researcher,
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ไบบใฏ็งใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใจ
01:12
they want to talk to me about their anger,
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่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใฎๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚„
่…นใŒ็ซ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใŒใ‚Šใพใ™
01:14
they want to share with me their anger stories.
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ใ‚ปใƒฉใƒ”ใ‚นใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใฏใชใโ€•
01:16
And it's not because they need a therapist,
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใ‚‚ใŸใพใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒโ€•
01:18
though that does sometimes happen,
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฏไธ‡ๅ›ฝๅ…ฑ้€šใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซ ไป–ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:20
it's really because anger is universal.
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่ชฐใงใ‚‚ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ— ่ชฐใงใ‚‚็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
01:22
It's something we all feel and it's something they can relate to.
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็”ŸๅพŒๆ•ฐใƒถๆœˆใฎ้ ƒใซ ใ™ใงใซใ‚ใฃใŸๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ™
01:25
We've been feeling it since the first few months of life,
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ๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใŒๆบ€ใŸใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจ ๆณฃใ„ใฆ่จดใˆใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:28
when we didn't get what we wanted in our cries of protests,
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01:31
things like, "What do you mean you won't pick up the rattle, Dad,
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ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒ‘ ใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใชใ„ใฃใฆ ไฝ•ใฎใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š๏ผŸ
01:34
I want it!"
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ใ‚ˆใ“ใ›ใฃใฆใฎ๏ผใ€
01:36
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
01:38
We feel it throughout our teenage years, as my mom can certainly attest to with me.
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฏ 10ไปฃใซใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ‚‚็ถšใใพใ™ ็งใฎๅ ดๅˆ ๆฏใŒ่จผไบบใงใ™
01:42
Sorry, Mom.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใญ ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“
01:44
We feel it to the very end.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๆœŸใฎๆœ€ๆœŸใพใง ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
01:46
In fact, anger has been with us at some of the worst moments of our lives.
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸ ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฏ็งใŸใกใฎไบบ็”Ÿใง ไธ€็•ช่พ›ใ„ใจใใซใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:50
It's a natural and expected part of our grief.
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ๅ˜†ใใ‚„ๆ‚ฒใ—ใฟใฎไธ€็’ฐใจใ—ใฆ ่‡ช็„ถใจ ใใ—ใฆๅฝ“็„ถๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
01:53
But it's also been with us in some of the best moments of our lives,
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ใฒใ„ใฆใฏ ไบบ็”Ÿๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใจใใงใ•ใˆ ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
็ตๅฉšใ‚„ไผ‘ๆš‡ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ็‰นๅˆฅใช็ฏ€็›ฎใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚
01:56
with those special occasions like weddings and vacations
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01:59
often marred by these everyday frustrations --
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใตใ‚ŒใŸไธๆบ€ใฎใ›ใ„ใง ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™
02:02
bad weather, travel delays --
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ๆ‚ชๅคฉๅ€™ใซไบค้€šๆฉŸ้–ขใฎ้…ใ‚Œ
02:03
that feel horrible in the moment,
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่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ็žฌ้–“ใฏ ใ‚‚ใฎใ™ใ”ใๅซŒใงใ™ใŒ
02:05
but then are ultimately forgotten when things go OK.
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ใ„ใฃใŸใ‚“ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใชใ‚Œใฐ ่จ˜ๆ†ถใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
02:09
I have a lot of conversations with people about their anger
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่‰ฒใ€…ใชไบบใจ ๆ€’ใ‚Šใซใคใ„ใฆ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใŒ
02:12
and it's through those conversations that I've learned that many people,
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ใใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’้€šใ˜ใฆ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใใŸใฎใฏ ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒโ€•
ไผšๅ ดใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ‚‚ ใใฃใจใใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒโ€•
02:16
and I bet many people in this room right now,
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ•้กŒใ ใจ ใฟใชใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
02:18
you see anger as a problem.
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ไบบ็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚Šๅ›žใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ‹
02:19
You see the way it interferes in your life,
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02:21
the way it damages relationships, maybe even the ways it's scary.
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ไบบ้–“้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’ๅฃŠใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ‹ ๆ€–ใ„ใจใ•ใˆๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
02:24
And while I get all of that, I see anger a little differently,
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ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ็งใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ„ใพใ™
02:28
and today, I want to tell you something really important
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ๆ€’ใ‚Šใซใคใ„ใฆ
ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคงไบ‹ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™
02:30
about your anger, and it's this:
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฏไบบ็”ŸใซใŠใ„ใฆ ๅฅๅ…จใชๅŠ›ใงใ‚ใ‚Š ๅŠ›ๅผทใ„ๅ‘ณๆ–นใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
02:32
anger is a powerful and healthy force in your life.
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02:35
It's good that you feel it.
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Š
02:37
You need to feel it.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ™
02:39
But to understand all that, we actually have to back up
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ไปฅไธŠใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉฑใ‚’ๆˆปใ—ใฆ
ใใ‚‚ใใ‚‚ ใชใœไบบใฏๆ€’ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจใ„ใ† ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:42
and talk about why we get mad in the first place.
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02:44
A lot of this goes back to the work of an anger researcher
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ๅคง้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒชใƒผใƒปใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผๅšๅฃซ ใจใ„ใ†ๆ€’ใ‚Š็ ”็ฉถๅฎถใŒ
02:47
named Dr. Jerry Deffenbacher, who wrote about this back in 1996
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1996ๅนดใซๆ›ธใ„ใŸๆœฌใซ็™ปๅ ดใ™ใ‚‹โ€”
02:51
in a book chapter on how to deal with problematic anger.
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ใŸใกใฎๆ‚ชใ„ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๆ€’ใ‚Šใฎๅฏพๅ‡ฆๆ–นๆณ•ใŒ ๅ…ƒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:54
Now, for most of us, and I bet most of you,
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ใŸใ„ใฆใ„ใฎไบบ ใใ—ใฆ ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚
02:56
it feels as simple as this:
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฎไป•็ต„ใฟใฏใ”ใๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™
02:58
I get mad when I'm provoked.
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ๅˆบๆฟ€ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ€’ใ‚‹ใฎใ  ใจ
03:00
You hear it in the language people use.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไบบใ€…ใŒไฝฟใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎ็ซฏใ€…ใซ่กจใ‚Œใพใ™
03:02
They say things like,
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ใ€Œใ“ใ†ใ„ใ†ใƒŽใƒญใƒŽใƒญ้‹่ปข ๆœฌๅฝ“ใ‚คใƒฉใคใใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใชใ€
03:03
"It makes me so mad when people drive this slow,"
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03:06
or, "I got mad because she left the milk out again."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ„ใค ใพใŸ็‰›ไนณๅ‡บใ—ใฃใฑใชใ—ใงใ• ้ ญใซๆฅใŸใ‚ˆใ€
03:10
Or my favorite,
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ๆฅตใ‚ใคใ‘ใฏ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ€’ใ‚Šใงๅ›ฐใฃใฆใฏใ„ใชใ„
03:11
"I don't have an anger problem -- people just need to stop messing with me."
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ๅ‘จใ‚ŠใŒ็งใฎๆฐ—ใซ้šœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ ใ—ใฆใ“ใชใใ‚ƒใ„ใ„ใ ใ‘ใ ใ€
03:14
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
03:16
Now, in the spirit of better understanding those types of provocations,
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ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎๅˆบๆฟ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ ็†่งฃใ‚’ๆทฑใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
03:20
I ask a lot of people, including my friends and colleagues and even family,
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ๅ‹ไบบ ๅŒๅƒš ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏๅฎถๆ—ใ‚‚ๅซใ‚ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใซ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸ
03:25
"What are the things that really get to you?
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ใ€Œใฉใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใซ ใ‚ซใƒใƒณใจๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‹
03:27
What makes you mad?"
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ใฉใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใงๆ€’ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€
03:28
By the way, now is a good time to point out one of the advantages
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใง ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ„ใ„ๆฉŸไผšใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใŒ
03:31
of being an anger researcher
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ใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฆ ๅพ—ใ—ใŸใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฎ๏ผ‘ใคใŒ
03:33
is that I've spent more than a decade generating a comprehensive list
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ใ€ŒๅŒๅƒšใฎ็ฅž็ตŒใ‚’้€†ใชใงใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ• ๅฎŒๅ…จใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใ‚’
03:36
of all the things that really irritate my colleagues.
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10ๅนดไปฅไธŠใ‹ใ‘ใฆไฝœใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใŸใ“ใจ
03:39
Just in case I need it.
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ใ„ใคใ‹ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰
03:40
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
03:44
But their answers are fascinating,
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ใจใซใ‹ใ ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ๅ›ž็ญ”ใŒ ้›†ใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
03:47
because they say things like,
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ใ“ใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™
03:49
"when my sports team loses,"
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ใ€Œๅฟœๆดใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใƒใƒผใƒ ใŒ่ฒ ใ‘ใŸใจใใ€
03:51
"people who chew too loudly."
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ใ€Œไป–ไบบใŒใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ™›ใ‚€้ŸณใŒใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใจใใ€
03:53
That is surprisingly common, by the way.
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ใกใชใฟใซ ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใใ‚‰ใ„ ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใงใ™
03:56
"People who walk too slowly," that one's mine.
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ใ€ŒๆญฉใใฎใŒ้…ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ไบบใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใ‚‚ๅŒๆ„Ÿใงใ™
03:59
And of course, "roundabouts."
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ใใ—ใฆๅค–ใ›ใชใ„ใฎใŒ
04:01
Roundabouts --
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ใ€Œ็’ฐ็Šถไบคๅทฎ็‚นใ€
04:03
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
04:05
I can tell you honestly, there is no rage like roundabout rage.
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ๅ†—่ซ‡ๆŠœใใง ็’ฐ็Šถไบคๅทฎ็‚นใปใฉ ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚คใƒฉใคใๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:08
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
04:11
Sometimes their answers aren't minor at all.
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ใฉใ†ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใชใ‚“ใฆ่จ€ใˆใชใ„ ๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
04:13
Sometimes they talk about racism and sexism and bullying
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ไบบ็จฎๅทฎๅˆฅใ‚„ๆ€งๅทฎๅˆฅใ‚„ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ใ‚„ ็’ฐๅขƒ็ ดๅฃŠใจใ„ใฃใŸ
04:16
and environmental destruction -- big, global problems we all face.
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ไบบ้กžๅ…จไฝ“ใŒ็›ด้ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅœฐ็ƒ่ฆๆจกใฎๅ•้กŒใซ ๆ†คใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™
04:21
But sometimes,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ๆ™‚ใซ
04:23
their answers are very specific, maybe even oddly specific.
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้žๅธธใซ็‰นๆฎŠใช ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚็็ญ”ใจใ‚‚ใ„ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚
04:26
"That wet line you get across your shirt
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ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใŒ็›ด็ทš็Šถใซๆฟกใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ ใญ
04:28
when you accidentally lean against the counter of a public bathroom."
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ๅ…ฌ่ก†ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใงๆด—้ขๅฐใซ ใ†ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‚ใŸใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใจใใฎใ‚ขใƒฌใ€
04:32
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
04:33
Super gross, right?
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็ขบใ‹ใซๆฐ—ๆŒใกๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ‡
04:35
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
04:37
Or "Flash drives: there's only two ways to plug them in,
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ใ€ŒUSBใƒกใƒขใƒชใ ใ‚ˆ ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–นๅ‘ใฏ๏ผ’้€šใ‚Šใ—ใ‹ใชใ„ใฎใซ
04:40
so why does it always take me three tries?"
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ใชใœใ‹ๅฟ…ใš๏ผ“ๅ›ž็›ฎใงใชใ„ใจๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€
04:42
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
04:47
Now whether it's minor or major, whether it's general or specific,
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ไบ‹ใฎๅคงๅฐใ‚„ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็†็”ฑใ‹ ็‰นๆฎŠใช็†็”ฑใ‹ใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš
04:50
we can look at these examples
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ใ“ใ†ใ„ใฃใŸไพ‹ใ‚’ไธฆในใฆๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
04:52
and we can tease out some common themes.
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ๅ…ฑ้€š็‚นใ‚’ๅฐŽใๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
04:55
We get angry in situations that are unpleasant,
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ไบบใŒๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ไธๅฟซใช็Šถๆณใ‚„
04:58
that feel unfair, where our goals are blocked,
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ไธๅ…ฌๅนณใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹็Šถๆณ ็›ฎๆจ™้”ๆˆใŒๅฆจใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹็Šถๆณ
05:00
that could have been avoided, and that leave us feeling powerless.
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้ฟใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„็Šถๆณ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ็„กๅŠ›ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹็Šถๆณ
05:03
This is a recipe for anger.
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ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฎๅ…ƒใงใ™
05:06
But you can also tell
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใใ“ใง่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏ
05:07
that anger is probably not the only thing we're feeling in these situations.
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ ใ‘ใซ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ
05:11
Anger doesn't happen in a vacuum.
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฏๅ˜็‹ฌใงใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
05:13
We can feel angry at the same time that we're scared or sad,
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็งใŸใกใŒๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใจใ ๆๆ€–ใ‚„ๆ‚ฒใ—ใฟใชใฉ
05:16
or feeling a host of other emotions.
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ไป–ใฎๆง˜ใ€…ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ ไผดใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
ใŸใ ใ— ๆ€’ใ‚Šใจใฏ ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚
05:19
But here's the thing:
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05:20
these provocations -- they aren't making us mad.
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ๅˆบๆฟ€ๅ˜ไฝ“ใŒ ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
05:23
At least not on their own,
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05:25
and we know that, because if they were,
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ๅฝ“็„ถใงใ™ใญ
05:26
we'd all get angry over the same things, and we don't.
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ใงใชใ„ใจ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๅŒใ˜็†็”ฑใง ่…นใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใชใ„ใจใ„ใ‘ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
05:30
The reasons I get angry are different than the reasons you get angry,
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่…นใŒ็ซ‹ใค็†็”ฑใฏ ็งใจใ‚ใชใŸใงใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™
05:33
so there's got to be something else going on.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ ไป–ใซใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™
05:35
What is that something else?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจ
05:37
Well, we know what we're doing and feeling at the moment of that provocation matters.
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ใใฎไบบใŒๅˆบๆฟ€ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸ็žฌ้–“ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚„ ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ™ใ‚‹ใใ†ใงใ™
05:42
We call this the pre-anger state -- are you hungry, are you tired,
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ใ€Œๆ€’ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฎๆฎต้šŽใ€ใจใ„ใฃใฆ ็ฉบ่…นใ ใฃใŸใ‚Š ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‚Š
05:46
are you anxious about something else, are you running late for something?
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ไฝ•ใ‹ๅฟƒ้…ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Š ๆ™‚้–“ใซ้…ใ‚Œใใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚Š
05:49
When you're feeling those things,
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ใ“ใ†ใ„ใ†็Šถๆ…‹ใฎใจใใฏ
05:51
those provocations feel that much worse.
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ใใฎๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ ๅˆบๆฟ€ใ‚’ๅผทใๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
05:54
But what matters most is not the provocation,
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ใงใ‚‚ ไธ€็•ชใฎ้ตใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ๅˆบๆฟ€ใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚
05:57
it's not the pre-anger state, it's this:
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ใ€Œๆ€’ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฎๆฎต้šŽใ€ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
05:59
it's how we interpret that provocation,
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ๅˆบๆฟ€ใ‚’ใฉใ†่งฃ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹
06:01
it's how we make sense of it in our lives.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅขƒ้‡ใฎไธญใง ใฉใ†ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‹ ใชใฎใงใ™
06:04
When something happens to us,
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ไบบใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ใจ
06:05
we first decide, is this good or bad?
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ใพใš ๅˆคๆ–ญใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—ใพใ™ ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‹
06:08
Is it fair or unfair, is it blameworthy, is it punishable?
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ๅ…ฌๅนณใ‹ไธๅ…ฌๅนณใ‹ ้ž้›ฃใ—ใŸใ‚Š ็ฝฐใ™ในใใ“ใจใ‹
06:12
That's primary appraisal, it's when you evaluate the event itself.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œไธ€ๆฌก่ฉ•ไพกใ€ใงใ™ ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŸปๅฎšใ—ใพใ™
06:16
We decide what it means in the context of our lives
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่‡ชใ‚‰ใฎๅขƒ้‡ใซใŠใ„ใฆ ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ—
ๆฌกใซ ใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆใฒใฉใ„ใ“ใจใ‹ ๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใพใ™
06:19
and once we've done that, we decide how bad it is.
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06:21
That's secondary appraisal.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ŒไบŒๆฌก่ฉ•ไพกใ€ใงใ™
06:23
We say, "Is this the worst thing that's ever happened,
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎไบบ็”Ÿๆœ€ๆ‚ช ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‹
06:26
or can I cope with this?
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ๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ€ ใจใ„ใ†ๅˆคๆ–ญใงใ™
06:28
Now, to illustrate that, I want you to imagine you are driving somewhere.
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐ ่ปŠใงใฉใ“ใ‹ใซ ๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
06:33
And before I go any further, I should tell you,
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ๅ…ˆใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใŒ
06:35
if I were an evil genius
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็งใŒๆ‚ชใ„ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅคฉๆ‰ใ ใจใ—ใฆ
06:37
and I wanted to create a situation that was going to make you mad,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใ‚’ ไป•็ซ‹ใฆใ‚ใ’ใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰
06:40
that situation would look a lot like driving.
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ใปใผ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ ่ปŠใฎ้‹่ปขไธญใ‚’้ธใณใพใ™
06:43
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
06:44
It's true.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™
06:45
You are, by definition, on your way somewhere,
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ใฉใ“ใ‹ใธๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ๅคงๅ‰ๆใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใง
06:47
so everything that happens -- traffic, other drivers, road construction --
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ๆธ‹ๆปž ไป–ใฎ่ปŠ ้“่ทฏๅทฅไบ‹ใชใฉ ้€”ไธญใงๅ‡บใใ‚ใ™ ใ‚ใ‚Šใจใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
06:52
it feels like it's blocking your goals.
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็›ฎ็š„้”ๆˆใ‚’้˜ปใ‚€ใ‚‚ใฎใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
06:54
There are all these written and unwritten rules of the road,
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ๆณ•ใงๅฎšใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸไบค้€šใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚„ ๆš—้ป™ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใพใงใŒ
06:57
and those rules are routinely violated right in front of you,
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ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใซ ็›ฎใฎๅ‰ใง ็ ดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
07:01
usually without consequence.
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้€šๅธธใฏไฝ•ไบ‹ใ‚‚ใชใๆธˆใฟใพใ™
07:02
And who's violating those rules?
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็ ดใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
07:04
Anonymous others, people you will never see again,
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ไบŒๅบฆใจไผšใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใชใ„ ๅŒฟๅใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใงใ™
07:06
making them a very easy target for your wrath.
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฎ็Ÿ›ๅ…ˆใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใซใฏ ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ“ใ„ใงใ™
07:10
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
07:11
So you're driving somewhere, thus teed up to be angry,
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ใจใซใ‹ใ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ปŠใฎ้‹่ปขไธญ ใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆ€’ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏไธ‡็ซฏ
07:15
and the person in front of you is driving well below the speed limit.
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ใใ‚“ใชใจใ ใ™ใๅ‰ใฎ่ปŠใŒ ๆณ•ๅฎš้€Ÿๅบฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šใšใ„ใถใ‚“้…ใ่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
07:20
And it's frustrating
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ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
07:21
because you can't really see why they're driving so slow.
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ใƒŽใƒญใƒŽใƒญ้‹่ปขใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ†ใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
07:24
That's primary appraisal.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œไธ€ๆฌก่ฉ•ไพกใ€ใงใ™
07:25
You've looked at this and you've said it's bad and it's blameworthy.
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็Šถๆณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€Œใฒใฉใ„ใช ้ž้›ฃใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใพใ™
07:28
But maybe you also decide it's not that big a deal.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—็ถšใ„ใฆ
ใ€Œๅˆฅใซๆ€ฅใ„ใงใชใ„ใ— ใฉใ†ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ€ใจ ๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
07:31
You're not in a hurry, doesn't matter.
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07:33
That's secondary appraisal -- you don't get angry.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ŒไบŒๆฌก่ฉ•ไพกใ€ใงใ™ ่…นใฏ็ซ‹ใกใพใ›ใ‚“
07:37
But now imagine you're on your way to a job interview.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฐฑ่ท้ขๆŽฅใซ ๅ‘ใ‹ใ†้€”ไธญใ ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
07:41
What that person is doing, it hasn't changed, right?
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่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใญ
07:44
So primary appraisal doesn't change; still bad, still blameworthy.
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ไธ€ๆฌก่ฉ•ไพกใฎ็ตๆžœใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ้ž้›ฃใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹ใฒใฉใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจ
07:48
But your ability to cope with it sure does.
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ใงใ‚‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒ ็ขบๅฎŸใซ้•ใ„ใพใ™
07:51
Because all of a sudden,
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ไธ€่ปขใ—ใฆ ไปŠๅบฆใฏ
07:52
you're going to be late to that job interview.
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้ขๆŽฅใซ้…ใ‚Œใใ†ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
07:54
All of a sudden,
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ไธ€่ปขใ—ใฆ
07:55
you are not going to get your dream job,
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็†ๆƒณใฎไป•ไบ‹ใŒ้ ใฎใ„ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
07:57
the one that was going to give you piles and piles of money.
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ใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚ฌใƒณ็จผใ’ใ‚‹ใฏใšใฎไป•ไบ‹ใŒ
08:00
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
08:01
Somebody else is going to get your dream job
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็†ๆƒณใฎไป•ไบ‹ใŒ ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„
08:04
and you're going to be broke.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฏๆ–‡็„กใ—ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†
08:05
You're going to be destitute.
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่ฒงไน็”ŸๆดปใŒๅพ…ใกๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
08:07
Might as well stop now, turn around, move in with your parents.
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ใ‚‚ใ†่ซฆใ‚ใฆ ๅผ•ใ่ฟ”ใใ†ใ‹ ๅฎŸๅฎถใซๆˆปใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใช
08:10
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
08:12
Why?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚
08:14
"Because of this person in front of me.
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็›ฎใฎๅ‰ใฎใ‚ใฎไบบใฎใ›ใ„ใ 
08:15
This is not a person, this is a monster."
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ใ„ใ‚„ ไบบใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ ้ฌผใ 
08:17
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
08:18
And this monster is here just to ruin your life.
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ไฟบใฎไบบ็”Ÿใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ ใ‘ใซ ใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅใŸ้ฌผใ  ใจ
08:22
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
08:23
Now that thought process,
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ใ•ใฆ ใ“ใฎๆ€่€ƒใฎๆตใ‚Œใ‚’
08:25
it's called catastrophizing, the one where we make the worst of things.
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ใ€Œ็ ดๅฑ€็š„ๆ€่€ƒใ€ใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๆœ€ๆ‚ชใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใซ่งฃ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
08:30
And it's one of the primary types of thoughts that we know
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ๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒๆ…ขๆ€งๅŒ–ใ—ใŸไบบใซ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใงใ™
08:33
is associated with chronic anger.
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08:34
But there's a couple of others.
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ไป–ใซใ‚‚่‰ฒใ€…ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
08:37
Misattributing causation.
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ใ€Œๅ› ๆžœ้–ขไฟ‚ใฎ่ชค่งฃใ€
08:38
Angry people tend to put blame where it doesn't belong.
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ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏ็†็”ฑใ‚’ ็„ก้–ขไฟ‚ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซ่ปขๅซใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
08:41
Not just on people,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚็›ธๆ‰‹ใฏไบบใซ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
08:43
but actually inanimate objects as well.
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ใƒขใƒŽใฎใ›ใ„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
08:45
And if you think that sound ridiculous,
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ใƒใ‚ซใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ไบบ
่ปŠใฎ้ตใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆ™‚ ใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹
08:47
think about the last time you lost your car keys and you said,
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ใ€Œ้ตใฏใฉใ“่กŒใฃใŸใ‚“ใ ๏ผŸใ€
08:50
"Where did those car keys go?"
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08:51
Because you know they ran off on their own.
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้ตใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๅ‹ๆ‰‹ใซ ้€ƒใ’ๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญ
08:53
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
08:56
They tend to overgeneralize, they use words like "always,"
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้Žๅบฆใซไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ็ตถๅฏพใ€ใ€ŒๆฏŽๅ›žใ€ใŒๅฃ็™–ใงใ™
08:59
"never," "every," "this always happens to me,"
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ใ€Œ็งใฃใฆใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚“ใช็›ฎใซ้ญใ†ใ€
09:02
"I never get what I want"
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ใ€Œๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏ็ตถๅฏพๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€
09:03
or "I hit every stoplight on the way here today."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใ‚‹้€”ไธญ ไฟกๅทใจใ„ใ†ไฟกๅทใŒ่ตคใ ใฃใŸใ€
09:06
Demandingness: they put their own needs ahead of the needs of others:
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ไป–ไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฌฒๆฑ‚ใ‚’ๅ„ชๅ…ˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ ใ€Œใ‚ใŒใพใพใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:10
"I don't care why this person is driving so slow,
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ„ใคใŒใƒŽใƒญใƒŽใƒญ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ‚‹ ็†็”ฑใชใ‚“ใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ‹
09:12
they need to speed up or move over so I can get to this job interview."
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ไฟบใŒ้ขๆŽฅใซ้–“ใซๅˆใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ‹ ้“ใ‚’่ญฒใ‚Œใ‚ˆใชใ€
09:16
And finally, inflammatory labeling.
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ใŠใ—ใพใ„ใฏ ใ€Œๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ใ‹ใ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ†ใƒซ่ฒผใ‚Šใ€
09:19
They call people fools, idiots, monsters,
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ไป–ไบบใ‚’ใƒใ‚ซ ใ‚ขใƒ› ้ฌผใชใฉใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚ใ‚Š
09:22
or a whole bunch of things I've been told I'm not allowed to say
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดใงใฏๅฃใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใŒ ่ป’ไธฆใฟ้ฃ›ใณๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚
09:25
during this TED Talk.
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
09:26
(Laughter)
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09:27
So for a long time,
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้•ทใ„้–“ ๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆใงใฏ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ€่€ƒใ‚’
09:29
psychologists have referred to these as cognitive distortions
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ใ€Œ่ช็Ÿฅใฎใ‚†ใŒใฟใ€ใ€Œ็†ไธๅฐฝใชๆ€ใ„่พผใฟใ€ ใชใฉใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใใพใ—ใŸ
09:32
or even irrational beliefs.
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09:34
And yeah, sometimes they are irrational.
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็ขบใ‹ใซ ็†ไธๅฐฝใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:37
Maybe even most of the time.
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ใพใ‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใใ†ใงใ™
09:39
But sometimes, these thoughts are totally rational.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ๆ™‚ใซใฏ ็ญ‹ใฎ้€šใฃใŸๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:42
There is unfairness in the world.
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ไธ–ใฎไธญใซใฏไธๅ…ฌๅนณใ‚„
09:44
There are cruel, selfish people,
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟใงๅˆฉๅทฑ็š„ใชไบบใŒ ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ—
09:46
and it's not only OK to be angry when we're treated poorly,
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ใฒใฉใ„ๆ‰ฑใ„ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใจใใฏ ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ„ใฉใ“ใ‚ใ‹
09:50
it's right to be angry when we're treated poorly.
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ๆ€’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™
09:53
If there's one thing I want you to remember from my talk today, it's this:
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚‰ ๆ†ถใˆใฆๅธฐใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’๏ผ‘ใคๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰
09:57
your anger exists in you as an emotion
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใจใ„ใ†ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒ ็งใŸใกใซๅ‚™ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
10:01
because it offered your ancestors, both human and nonhuman,
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็งใŸใกใฎ็ฅ–ๅ…ˆใŒ ไบบ้–“ใซใชใ‚‹ๅ‰ใ‚‚ ใชใฃใŸๅพŒใ‚‚ ๆ€’ใ‚ŠใฎใŠใ‹ใ’ใง
10:06
with an evolutionary advantage.
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้€ฒๅŒ–ใฎไธŠใงๅ„ชไฝใซ็ซ‹ใฆใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
10:08
Just as your fear alerts you to danger,
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ๆๆ€–ใŒๅฑ้™บใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
10:11
your anger alerts you to injustice.
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฏไธๅฝ“ใช็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎๅญ˜ๅœจใ‚’ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™
10:14
It's one of the ways your brain communicates to you
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใ“ใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฏ่€ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†
10:16
that you have had enough.
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่„ณใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใชใฎใงใ™
10:19
What's more, it energizes you to confront that injustice.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ€’ใ‚Šใฏ ไธๅฝ“ใช็‰ฉไบ‹ใซ ็ซ‹ใกๅ‘ใ‹ใ†ๅŽŸๅ‹•ๅŠ›ใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚Šใพใ™
10:22
Think for a second about the last time you got mad.
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ใ“ใ“ๆœ€่ฟ‘ ่…นใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใŸๆ™‚ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
10:25
Your heart rate increased.
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ๅฟƒๆ‹ๆ•ฐใŒไธŠใŒใ‚Š
10:27
Your breathing increased, you started to sweat.
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ๅ‘ผๅธใŒ่’ใใชใ‚Š ๆฑ—ใ‚’ใ‹ใๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
10:30
That's your sympathetic nervous system,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไบคๆ„Ÿ็ฅž็ตŒใฎๅƒใใงใ™
10:32
otherwise known as your fight-or-flight system,
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ใ€Œ้—˜ไบ‰ใƒป้€ƒ่ตฐๆœฌ่ƒฝใ€ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Š
10:35
kicking in to offer you the energy you need to respond.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝœๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง ๅฏพๅฟœใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠ›ใŒๆนงใใฎใงใ™
10:39
And that's just the stuff you noticed.
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ไปฅไธŠใฏ่‡ช่ฆšใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅๅฟœใงใ™ใŒ
10:41
At the same time, your digestive system slowed down so you could conserve energy.
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ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ ๆถˆๅŒ–ใ‚‚้…ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’็ฏ€็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™
10:46
That's why your mouth went dry.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฃใฎไธญใŒไนพใใฎใงใ™
10:48
And your blood vessels dilated to get blood to your extremities.
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ๆ‰‹่ถณใฎ้š…ใ€…ใซ่ก€ๆถฒใ‚’้€ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ่ก€็ฎกใ‚‚ๅบƒใŒใ‚Šใพใ™
10:52
That's why your face went red.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰้ก”ใŒ่ตคใใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
10:53
It's all part of this complex pattern of physiological experiences
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ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚ ็พไปฃใฎไบบ้กžใซๅ—ใ‘็ถ™ใŒใ‚ŒใŸ ่ค‡้›‘ใช็”Ÿ็†ๅๅฟœใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™
10:57
that exist today
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10:58
because they helped your ancestors
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ไบบ้กžใฎ็ฅ–ๅ…ˆใŒ ๅŽณใ—ใ„ๅคง่‡ช็„ถใฎๅŠ›ใซ
11:01
deal with cruel and unforgiving forces of nature.
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็ซ‹ใกๅ‘ใ‹ใ†้š›ใซ ๅฝน็ซ‹ใฃใฆใใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
11:04
And the problem is that the thing your ancestors did
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ๅ•้กŒใฏ ็ฅ–ๅ…ˆใŸใกใŒ ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
11:08
to deal with their anger,
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่กŒใฃใฆใใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใช
11:09
to physically fight,
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่‚‰ไฝ“ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸๆˆฆใ„ใŒ
11:10
they are no longer reasonable or appropriate.
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็พไปฃใงใฏๅˆ็†็š„ใงใ‚‚ ้ฉๅˆ‡ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
11:13
You can't and you shouldn't swing a club every time you're provoked.
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ใ‚ซใƒƒใจใชใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใ‚’ ๆŒฏใ‚Šๅ›žใ™ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“
11:16
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
11:19
But here's the good news.
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ใงใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
11:21
You are capable of something
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ไบบ้–“ใซใชใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฎ็ฅ–ๅ…ˆใŸใกใซใฏ
11:22
your nonhuman ancestors weren't capable of.
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ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
11:25
And that is the capacity to regulate your emotions.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅˆถๅพกใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใ™
11:29
Even when you want to lash out,
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ๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใใชใฃใฆใ‚‚
11:30
you can stop yourself and you can channel that anger
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆŠ‘ใˆใฆ ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฃใจ็”Ÿ็”ฃ็š„ใชไฝ•ใ‹ใซ
11:33
into something more productive.
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ๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
11:36
So often when we talk about anger,
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ๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒ่ฉฑ้กŒใซใฎใผใ‚‹ใจ
11:37
we talk about how to keep from getting angry.
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๆ€’ใ‚‰ใšใซๆธˆใ‚€ใ‹ ใจใ„ใ†่ฉฑใซใชใ‚ŠใŒใกใงใ™
11:40
We tell people to calm down or relax.
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่ฝใก็€ใใชใ•ใ„ ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใชใ•ใ„
11:43
We even tell people to let it go.
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ๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใช ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™
11:45
And all of that assumes that anger is bad and that it's wrong to feel it.
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ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚ ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฏๆ‚ชใงใ‚ใ‚Š ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‰ๆใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
11:50
But instead, I like to think of anger as a motivator.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ ๅ‹•ๆฉŸใฅใ‘ใจ่€ƒใˆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
11:53
The same way your thirst motivates you to get a drink of water,
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ๅ–‰ใŒๆธ‡ใ‘ใฐ ๆฐดใ‚’ไธ€ๆฏ้ฃฒใฟใŸใใชใ‚Š
11:56
the same way your hunger motivates you to get a bite to eat,
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ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ‘ใฐ ไธ€ๅฃ้ฃŸในใŸใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
11:59
your anger can motivate you to respond to injustice.
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฏไธๅฝ“ใช็‰ฉไบ‹ใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ ๅ‹•ๆฉŸใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
12:03
Because we don't have to think too hard to find things we should be mad about.
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ไฝ•ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๆ€’ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใจ ้ ญใ‚’ใฒใญใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
12:08
When we go back to the beginning,
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ๅ†’้ ญใฎ่ฉฑใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใจ
12:09
yeah, some of those things, they're silly and not worth getting angry over.
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็ขบใ‹ใซ ๆ€’ใ‚‹ไพกๅ€คใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใช ใใ ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
12:13
But racism, sexism, bullying, environmental destruction,
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ไบบ็จฎๅทฎๅˆฅ ๆ€งๅทฎๅˆฅ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ ็’ฐๅขƒ็ ดๅฃŠใชใฉใฏ
12:16
those things are real, those things are terrible,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ— ่จฑใ—ใŒใŸใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
12:19
and the only way to fix them is to get mad first
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ ใพใšๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜
12:22
and then channel that anger into fighting back.
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ใใฎๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ…ƒใซ ๆˆฆใ†ใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
12:26
And you don't have to fight back with aggression or hostility or violence.
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ๆˆฆใ†้š›ใซใฏ ๆ”ปๆ’ƒๆ€งใ‚‚ ๆ•ตๆ„ใ‚‚ๆšดๅŠ›ใ‚‚ไธ่ฆใงใ™
12:30
There are infinite ways that you can express your anger.
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ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’่กจใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ็„ก้™ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
12:33
You can protest, you can write letters to the editor,
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ๆŠ—่ญฐ้‹ๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Š ็ทจ้›†้ƒจใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Š
12:36
you can donate to and volunteer for causes,
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็คพไผš้‹ๅ‹•ใซๅฏ„ไป˜ใ‚„ ใƒœใƒฉใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใง่ฒข็Œฎใ—ใŸใ‚Š
12:38
you can create art, you can create literature,
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ใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆใ‚„ๆ–‡ๅญฆใ‚’ๅ‰ตไฝœใ—ใŸใ‚Š
12:41
you can create poetry and music,
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่ฉฉไฝœใ‚„ไฝœๆ›ฒใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ—
12:43
you can create a community that cares for one another
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ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซ็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚‹ ๅ…ฑๅŒไฝ“ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆ
้ž้“ใช่กŒ็‚บใ‚’่จฑๅฎนใ—ใชใ„ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
12:46
and does not allow those atrocities to happen.
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12:49
So the next time you feel yourself getting angry,
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ใ“ใฎๆฌก ๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒ ใ‚ใ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใใŸใจใใฏ
12:52
instead of trying to turn it off,
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ๆŠ‘ใˆ่พผใ‚‚ใ†ใจใ›ใšใซ
12:54
I hope you'll listen to what that anger is telling you.
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ใใฎๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ ๆ„่ญ˜ใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใฆ
12:56
And then I hope you'll channel it into something positive and productive.
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ๅ‰ๅ‘ใใง็”Ÿ็”ฃ็š„ใชไฝ•ใ‹ใซ ๅ‘ใ‘ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
13:00
Thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
13:01
(Applause)
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๏ผˆๆ‹ๆ‰‹๏ผ‰
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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