Jacqueline Novogratz: A third way to think about aid

56,944 views ใƒป 2009-09-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yael BST ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:16
Clearly, we're living in a moment of crisis.
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ.
00:19
Arguably the financial markets have failed us
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืื™ื›ื–ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื ื•
00:22
and the aid system is failing us,
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ื•ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืื›ื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื•.
00:25
and yet I stand firmly with the optimists
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื ื™ ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืื™ืชื ื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื
00:28
who believe that there has probably never been a more exciting moment to be alive.
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ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ืข ืžืœื”ื™ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.
00:31
Because of some of technologies we've been talking about.
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื,
00:34
Because of the resources, the skills,
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช,
00:36
and certainly the surge of talent we're seeing all around the world,
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ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ืคืจืฅ ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
00:39
with the mindset to create change.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื“ืคื•ืก ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
00:42
And we've got a president who sees himself as a global citizen,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื–ืจื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
00:47
who recognizes that no longer is there a single superpower,
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ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฆืžืช-ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช,
00:50
but that we've got to engage in a different way with the world.
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ื•ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”.
00:53
And by definition, every one of you who is in this room
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ื•ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื”, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ืฉื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืœื
00:57
must consider yourself a global soul,
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ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืจื•ืื” ืขืฆืžื• ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
00:59
a global citizen.
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ืื–ืจื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:01
You work on the front lines. And you've seen the best and the worst
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ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงื• ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช, ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืจืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:03
that human beings can do for one another and to one another.
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ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ื–ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื”.
01:07
And no matter what country you live or work in,
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
01:09
you've also seen the extraordinary things that individuals are capable of,
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ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
01:13
even in their most ordinariness.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:16
Today there is a raging debate
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ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืกื•ืขืจ
01:19
as to how best we lift people out of poverty,
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ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืœืฅ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™,
01:23
how best we release their energies.
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ืžื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื”ื.
01:25
On the one hand, we have people that say
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื
01:27
the aid system is so broken we need to throw it out.
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ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื›ื•ืฉืœืช ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื ื•ื— ืื•ืชื”.
01:30
And on the other we have people who say
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ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื
01:32
the problem is that we need more aid.
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ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข.
01:34
And what I want to talk about is something that compliments both systems.
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ืขื ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช.
01:38
We call it patient capital.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” "ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืกื‘ืœื ื™".
01:40
The critics point to the 500 billion dollars spent
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ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ 500 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงืขื•
01:43
in Africa since 1970
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžืื– 1970
01:46
and say, and what do we have but environmental degradation
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ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื - ื•ืžื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™
01:49
and incredible levels of poverty, rampant corruption?
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ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืกื•ืช, ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืคืจืื™ืช?
01:53
They use Mobutu as metaphor.
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื”.
01:56
And their policy prescription is to
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ื•ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื
02:00
make government more accountable,
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื•ืจื ืฉื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช,
02:02
focus on the capital markets,
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ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื,
02:04
invest, don't give anything away.
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ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข, ืœื ืœื—ืœืง ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
02:07
On the other side, as I said, there are those who say
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ื•ืžื ื’ื“, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ
02:09
the problem is that we need more money.
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ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ.
02:11
That when it comes to the rich, we'll bail out
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ืฉื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื—ืœืฆื™ื ืœืขื–ืจืชื,
02:14
and we'll hand a lot of aid,
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ื•ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื™ื•ืข.
02:16
but when it comes to our poor brethren,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:18
we want little to do with it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื–ื”.
02:20
They point to the successes of aid:
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ื”ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืกื™ื•ืข:
02:22
the eradication of smallpox,
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ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช-ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช,
02:24
and the distribution of tens of millions
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ื•ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™
02:27
of malaria bed nets and antiretrovirals.
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ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžืœืจื™ื” ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืจื˜ืจื• ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื.
02:31
Both sides are right.
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ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื.
02:33
And the problem is that neither side is listening to the other.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
02:36
Even more problematic, they're not listening to
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ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื›ืš - ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื
02:39
poor people themselves.
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
02:41
After 25 years of working on issues of
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ืื—ืจื™ 25 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืœ
02:43
poverty and innovation,
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ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช,
02:45
it's true that there are probably no more market-oriented
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื™-ืฉื•ืง
02:49
individuals on the planet
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
02:51
than low-income people.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
02:53
They must navigate markets daily,
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ื”ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
02:56
making micro-decisions, dozens and dozens,
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ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืœื•,
02:59
to move their way through society,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืœืก ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.
03:01
and yet if a single catastrophic health problem
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ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืื ืžื›ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ืช ืื—ืช ืงืฉื”
03:04
impacts their family,
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ืชื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื,
03:06
they could be put back into poverty, sometimes for generations.
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ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื•ื ื™, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
03:10
And so we need both the market
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื - ื’ื ืœืฉื•ืง
03:12
and we need aid.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื’ื ืœืกื™ื•ืข.
03:15
Patient capital works between,
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"ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืกื‘ืœื ื™" ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืืœื•,
03:18
and tries to take the best of both.
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ื•ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ื”ื.
03:20
It's money that's invested in entrepreneurs who know their communities
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื
03:23
and are building solutions
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ื•ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช
03:25
to healthcare, water, housing, alternative energy,
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืžื™ื, ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช,
03:28
thinking of low income people not as passive recipients of charity,
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ืžืชื•ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืœื ื›ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ืฆื“ืงื” ืคืืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื,
03:33
but as individual customers, consumers, clients,
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ืืœื ื›ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื, ืงืœื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื,
03:36
people who want to make decisions in their own lives.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœื”ื.
03:39
Patient capital requires that we have
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"ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืกื‘ืœื ื™" ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืžืื™ืชื ื•
03:41
incredible tolerance for risk,
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ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
03:44
a long time horizon in terms of allowing those
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ืจืื™ื™ื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ
03:46
entrepreneurs time to experiment,
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ืœืื•ืชื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช,
03:48
to use the market as the best listening device that we have,
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื›ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ื•,
03:52
and the expectation of below-market returns,
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ื•ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ืœืชืฉื•ืื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื•ืง,
03:55
but outsized social impact.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืคื™ ื›ืžื”.
03:58
It recognizes that the market has its limitation,
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ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง.
04:01
and so patient capital also works
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ "ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืกื‘ืœื ื™" ืคื•ืขืœ ื’ื
04:04
with smart subsidy to extend the benefits of a global economy
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ืขื ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ื—ื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
04:07
to include all people.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืงื™ืคื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
04:09
Now, entrepreneurs need patient capital
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืกื‘ืœื ื™
04:11
for three reasons.
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ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
04:13
First, they tend to work in markets
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ืœืœ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื
04:15
where people make one, two, three dollars a day
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“, ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœื™ื•ื
04:17
and they are making all of their decisions within that income level.
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ื•ื”ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:21
Second, the geographies in which they work
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื
04:23
have terrible infrastructure --
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ื™ืฉ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืจืื™ื•ืช.
04:25
no roads to speak of, sporadic electricity
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ืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืžื, ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืกืคื•ืจื“ื™,
04:27
and high levels of corruption.
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ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช.
04:31
Third, they are often creating markets.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื.
04:33
Even if you're bringing clean water
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื
04:35
for the first time into rural villages, it is something new.
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
04:38
And so many low-income people
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ื•ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”
04:40
have seen so many failed promises broken
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ืจืื• ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื›ื–ื‘ื•, ืฉื”ื•ืคืจื•,
04:44
and seen so many quacks and sporadic medicines offered to them
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ื•ืจืื• ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืคื•ืืช-ืืœื™ืœ ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื“ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืขื•ืช ืœื”ื,
04:48
that building trust takes a lot of time,
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ืฉื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ,
04:51
takes a lot of patience.
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ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช.
04:53
It also requires being connected to a lot of management assistance.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื–ืจื” ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช.
04:57
Not only to build the systems,
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ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช,
04:59
the business models that allow us
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื•
05:01
to reach low income people in a sustainable way,
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ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ืžื,
05:03
but to connect those business
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
05:05
to other markets, to governments, to corporations --
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ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช, ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื...
05:08
real partnerships if we want to get to scale.
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ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘.
05:12
I want to share one story
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ื“
05:14
about an innovation called drip irrigation.
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ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ืฉืงื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืฃ.
05:16
In 2002 I met this incredible entrepreneur
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ื‘- 2002 ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื™ื–ื ืžื“ื”ื™ื
05:19
named Amitabha Sadangi from India,
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ืฉืฉืžื• Amitabha Sadangi ืžื”ื•ื“ื•
05:22
who'd been working for 20 years with some of the poorest farmers on the planet.
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ืฉืขื‘ื“ ืื– ื‘ืžืฉืš 20 ืฉื ื” ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื‘ืœ.
05:26
And he was expressing his frustration
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืชื™ืกื›ื•ืœื•
05:28
that the aid market had bypassed low-income farmers altogether,
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ืขืœ ืฉืฉื•ืง ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื“ื™ืœื’ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื”,
05:31
despite the fact that 200 million farmers
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ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉ- 200 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืงืœืื™ื
05:33
alone in India make under a dollar a day.
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžืฉืชื›ืจื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
05:36
They were creating subsidies
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื•ืช
05:38
either for large farms,
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ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
05:40
or they were giving inputs to the farmers
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ืกื™ืคืงื• ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช
05:42
that they thought they should use, rather than
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ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื,
05:44
that the farmers wanted to use.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืจืฆื•.
05:46
At the same time Amitabha was
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืชืงื•ืคื” Amitabha ื”ื™ื”
05:48
obsessed with this drip irrigation technology
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ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืฃ
05:51
that had been invented in Israel.
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ืฉื”ื•ืžืฆืื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
05:54
It was a way of bringing small amounts of water
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ื‘ืืช ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื
05:57
directly to the stalk of the plant.
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ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื—.
05:59
And it could transform
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš
06:01
swaths of desert land into fields of emerald green.
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ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ืžืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ืขื–.
06:04
But the market also had bypassed low income farmers,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ืฉื•ืง ืขืงืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
06:08
because these systems were both too expensive,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™,
06:10
and they were constructed for fields that were too large.
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ื•ื’ื ืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ื™.
06:13
The average small village farmer
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ื—ืงืœืื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ
06:15
works on two acres or less.
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื›-8 ื“ื•ื ื ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื”.
06:18
And so, Amitabha decided that he would take that innovation
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ืื– Amitabha ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ื”ื–ื”
06:21
and he would redesign it from the perspective
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ื•ื™ืชื›ื ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜
06:23
of the poor farmers themselves,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
06:25
because he spent so many years listening to what they needed
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
06:28
not what he thought that they should have.
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ื•ืœื ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
06:30
And he used three fundamental principles.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“.
06:32
The first one was miniaturization.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื–ืขื•ืจ.
06:35
The drip irrigation system
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืฃ
06:37
had to be small enough that a farmer only had
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื—ืงืœืื™
06:39
to risk a quarter acre,
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ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืกื›ืŸ ืจืง ื“ื•ื ื ืื—ื“,
06:42
even if he had two,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื™ื• ืœื• 8 ื“ื•ื ื,
06:44
because it was too frightening, given all that he had at stake.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืžื“ื™, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืฃ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื•.
06:47
Second, it had to be extremely affordable.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื–ื•ืœื”.
06:51
In other words, that risk on the quarter acre
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ื”ื™ืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ื ื ื”ืื—ื“
06:54
needed to be repaid in a single harvest,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืงืฆื™ืจ ืื—ื“.
06:57
or else they wouldn't take the risk.
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ืื—ืจืช ื”ื ืœื ื™ื™ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
06:59
And third, it had to be what Amitabha calls
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉ Amitabha ืžื›ื ื” ื–ืืช
07:01
infinitely expandable.
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ื‘ืขืœืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ืช.
07:03
What I mean is with the profits from the first quarter acre,
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ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื•ื ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
07:06
the farmers could buy a second
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ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
07:08
and a third and a fourth.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช.
07:10
As of today, IDE India, Amitabha's organization,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื, IDE India, ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Amitabha
07:13
has sold over 300,000 farmers these systems
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ืžื›ืจ ืœืžืขืœ 300 ืืœืฃ ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื•
07:16
and has seen their yields and incomes
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ื•ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื•ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœื”ื
07:18
double or triple on average,
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ืžื›ืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืœืฉื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ, ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข.
07:20
but this didn't happen overnight.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืงืจื” ื‘ืŸ-ืœื™ืœื”.
07:23
In fact, when you go back to the beginning,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
07:25
there were no private investors
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ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืื– ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื
07:27
who would be willing to take a risk on building a new technology
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
07:30
for a market class that made under a dollar a day,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง ืฉืžืฉืชื›ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื,
07:33
that were known to be some of the most risk-averse people on the planet
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ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื ืื™-ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
07:36
and that were working in one of the riskiest sectors, agriculture.
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ื•ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื - ื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
07:40
And so we needed grants. And he used significant grants
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืขื ืงื™ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขื ืงื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื
07:43
to research, to experiment, to fail,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจ, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช,
07:46
to innovate and try again.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘.
07:48
And when he had a prototype
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืื‘-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก
07:51
and had a better understanding of how to market to farmers,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื”ื‘ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื,
07:54
that's when patient capital could come in.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื”"ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื™" ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชืžื•ื ื”.
07:56
And we helped him build a company, for profit,
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ื•ืกื™ื™ืขื ื• ืœื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—,
07:59
that would build on IDE's knowledge,
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ืฉืชืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ IDE,
08:02
and start looking at sales and exports,
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ื•ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ื,
08:04
and be able to tap into other kinds of capital.
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ื•ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืŸ.
08:08
Secondarily, we wanted to see if we could export
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื
08:11
this drip irrigation and bring it into other countries.
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ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื• ืœืขื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
08:14
And so we met Dr. Sono Khangharani in Pakistan.
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ืื– ื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืขื ื“"ืจ Sono Khangharani ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืืŸ.
08:18
And while, again, you needed patience
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช
08:20
to move a technology for the poor
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื
08:22
in India into Pakistan,
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ืžื”ื•ื“ื•, ืืœ ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืืŸ,
08:24
just to get the permits,
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื
08:26
over time we were able to start a company
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื”
08:29
with Dr. Sono, who runs a large
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื“"ืจ Sono ืฉืžื ื”ืœ
08:31
community development organization in the Thar Desert,
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืช'ืืจ,
08:34
which is one of the remote and poorest areas of the country.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
08:37
And though that company has just started,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืจืง ื”ื•ืงืžื”,
08:39
our assumption is that there too
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ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื’ื ืฉื
08:41
we'll see the impact on millions.
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ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื.
08:44
But drip irrigation isn't the only innovation.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืงื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™.
08:46
We're starting to see these happening all around the world.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
08:49
In Arusha, Tanzania, A to Z Textile Manufacturing
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ื‘ืืจื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”, ื—ื‘ืจืช "A to Z" ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ
08:54
has worked in partnership with us,
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ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื™ืชื ื•,
08:56
with UNICEF, with the Global Fund,
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ืขื ื”-UNICEF, ืขื ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
08:58
to create a factory that now employs 7,000 people, mostly women.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืคืขืœ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ืžืขืกื™ืง 7,000 ืื ืฉื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ื ื ืฉื™ื.
09:01
And they produce 20 million lifesaving bednets
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ื•ื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื 20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื
09:03
for Africans around the world.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
09:07
Lifespring Hospital
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ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืคืกืคืจื™ื ื’ ("ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื")
09:09
is a joint venture between Acumen and the government of India
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ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื–ื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ Acumen ื•ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ื•ื“ื•
09:11
to bring quality, affordable maternal health care
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ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื™ืžื”ื•ืช
09:15
to low-income women,
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ืžืงืจื‘ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
09:17
and it's been so successful that it's currently building
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื
09:19
a new hospital every 35 days.
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ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ 35 ื™ืžื™ื.
09:24
And 1298 Ambulances decided that it was going to
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ื•- "ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืกื™ื 1298" ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉื”ื
09:27
reinvent a completely broken industry,
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ื™ืžืฆื™ืื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื›ื•ืฉืœืช ืœื’ืžืจื™,
09:30
building an ambulance service in Bombay
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ื•ื™ืงื™ืžื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืกื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืžื‘ื™ื™
09:32
that would use the technology of Google Earth,
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ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ Google Earth,
09:35
a sliding scale pricing system
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ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืœื
09:37
so that all people could have access,
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
09:39
and a severe and public decision
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื•ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช
09:42
not to engage in any form of corruption.
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ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช.
09:45
So that in the terrorist attacks of November
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžืชืงืคืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ
09:47
they were the first responder,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•,
09:49
and are now beginning to scale, because of partnership.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช.
09:51
They've just won four government contracts to build off their 100 ambulances,
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ื”ื ื–ื›ื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช 100 ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืกื™ื,
09:55
and are one of the largest and most effective ambulance companies
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ื•ื”ื ืื—ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืกื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:59
in India.
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
10:01
This idea of scale is critical.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™.
10:03
Because we're starting to see these enterprises
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
10:05
reach hundreds of thousands of people. All of the ones I discussed
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืื•ืช ื•ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื. ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื
10:08
have reached at least a quarter million people.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ.
10:10
But that's obviously not enough.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง.
10:12
And it's where the idea of partnership
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ื•ืคื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช
10:14
becomes so important.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
10:16
Whether it's by finding those innovations
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื•
10:18
that can access the capital markets,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ,
10:20
government itself, or partner with major corporations,
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ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
10:23
there is unbelievable opportunity for innovation.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœ-ื™ืื•ืžื ื• ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
10:27
President Obama understands that.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื‘ืžื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
10:29
He recently authorized the creation of a Social Innovation Fund
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืงืžืช ื”"ืงืจืŸ ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช"
10:32
to focus on what works in this country,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
10:34
and look at how we can scale it.
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ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”.
10:36
And I would submit that it's time to consider
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ื•ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ
10:39
a global innovation fund
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ืงืจืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช
10:41
that would find these entrepreneurs around the world
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ืฉืชืืชืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
10:44
who really have innovations, not only for their country,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช, ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ืชื,
10:46
but ones that we can use in the developed world as well.
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ืืœื ื›ืืœื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—.
10:49
Invest financial assistance, but also management assistance.
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ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช.
10:53
And then measure the returns,
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ื•ืื– ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื,
10:55
both from a financial perspective
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ื”ืŸ ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื›ืกืคื™ืช,
10:57
and from a social impact perspective.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
11:00
When we think about new approaches to aid,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืกื™ื•ืข,
11:03
it's impossible not to talk about Pakistan.
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ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืืŸ.
11:07
We've had a rocky relationship with that country
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืขืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
11:09
and, in all fairness,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช -
11:11
the United States has not always been a very reliable partner.
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ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืžื”ื™ืžื ื”.
11:14
But again I would say that this is our moment
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉืœื ื•
11:18
for extraordinary things to happen.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช.
11:20
And if we take that notion of a global innovation fund,
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ื•ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
11:23
we could use this time to invest
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข
11:26
not directly in government, though we would have government's blessing,
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ืœื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืŸ ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื‘ื™ืจื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ,
11:29
nor in international experts,
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ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื,
11:32
but in the many existing entrepreneurs
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ืืœื ื‘ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
11:35
and civil society leaders
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ื•ื‘ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช
11:37
who already are building wonderful innovations
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ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื
11:41
that are reaching people all across the country.
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ.
11:43
People like Rashani Zafar,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• Rashani Zafar.
11:45
who created one of the largest microfinance banks in the country,
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ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ-ื–ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ,
11:48
and is a real role model for women inside and outside the country.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื”.
11:52
And Tasneem Siddiqui, who developed a way
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ื•- Tasneem Siddiqui ืฉืคื™ืชื— ืฉื™ื˜ื”
11:54
called incremental housing,
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ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืื™ื ืงืจืžื ื˜ืืœื™,
11:56
where he has moved 40,000 slum dwellers
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ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ 40 ืืœืฃ ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•ื ื™
11:58
into safe, affordable community housing.
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ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื–ื•ืœ.
12:01
Educational initiatives like DIL and The Citizen Foundation
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ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• DIL ื•"ืงืจืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื"
12:04
that are building schools across the country.
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ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื™-ืกืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.
12:07
It's not hyperbole
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ืœื ืžื•ื’ื–ื ืœื•ืžืจ
12:09
to say that these civil society institutions
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ืฉื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
12:11
and these social entrepreneurs
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ื•ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
12:13
are building real alternatives to the Taliban.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœื˜ืœื™ื‘ืืŸ.
12:16
I've invested in Pakistan for over seven years now,
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื
12:19
and those of you who've also worked there
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ื•ืืœื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื ืฉื’ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื
12:21
can attest that Pakistanis are an incredibly hard working population,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืฉื”ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืื ื™ื ื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื—ืจื•ืฆื” ืžืื•ื“.
12:25
and there is a fierce upward mobility in their very nature.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืขื– ืœื ื•ืข ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
12:30
President Kennedy said that
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืงื ื“ื™ ืืžืจ
12:32
those who make peaceful revolution impossible
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืงื˜ื•ืช
12:36
make violent revolution inevitable.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขื•ืช.
12:39
I would say that the converse is true.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื’ื ื”ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
12:41
That these social leaders
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ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
12:43
who really are looking at innovation
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ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช
12:45
and extending opportunity
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ื•ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ
12:47
to the 70 percent of Pakistanis who make less than two dollars a day,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ 70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืื ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชื›ืจื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื,
12:50
provide real pathways to hope.
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ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื ืชื™ื‘ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืชืงื•ื•ื”.
12:53
And as we think about how we construct aid for Pakistan,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืคืงืช ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืคืงื™ืกื˜ืืŸ,
12:56
while we need to strengthen the judiciary,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช,
12:59
build greater stability,
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ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช,
13:01
we also need to think about lifting those leaders
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
13:04
who can be role models for the rest of the world.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
13:08
On one of my last visits to Pakistan,
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืืŸ
13:10
I asked Dr. Sono if he would take me
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื“"ืจ Sono ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื™
13:12
to see some of the drip irrigation in the Thar Desert.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืช'ืืจ.
13:15
And we left Karachi one morning before dawn.
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ื•ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืงืืจืืฆ'ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื–ืจื™ื—ื”.
13:18
It was about 115 degrees.
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 46 ืžืขืœื•ืช.
13:20
And we drove for eight hours
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ื•ื ืกืขื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš 8 ืฉืขื•ืช
13:22
along this moonscape-like landscape
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื ื•ืฃ ืฉื•ืžื
13:25
with very little color, lots of heat,
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ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืฆื‘ืข, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ื,
13:28
very little discussion, because we were exhausted.
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ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืชืฉื™ื.
13:30
And finally, at the end of the journey,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืกืข
13:32
I could see this thin little yellow line across the horizon.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืงื• ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื“ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืง.
13:36
And as we got closer, its significance became apparent.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืชืงืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื™ ืคื™ืฉืจื•.
13:39
That there in the desert
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ืฉืฉื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ
13:41
was a field of sunflowers growing seven feet tall.
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื“ื” ื—ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 2 ืžื˜ืจ.
13:44
Because one of the poorest farmers on Earth
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ื›ื™ ืœืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
13:46
had gotten access to a technology
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
13:49
that had allowed him to change his own life.
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ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืœื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•.
13:52
His name was Raja,
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ืฉืžื• ื”ื™ื” Raja.
13:54
and he had kind, twinkly hazel eyes
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื”ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืืœืกืจ,
13:56
and warm expressive hands
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ื•ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืœืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื”
13:59
that reminded me of my father.
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ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืœื™ ืืช ืื‘ื™.
14:01
And he said it was the first dry season
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
14:03
in his entire life that he hadn't taken
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืœืงื—
14:06
his 12 children and 50 grandchildren
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ืืช 12 ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ื•ืืช 50 ื ื›ื“ื™ื•
14:08
on a two day journey across the desert
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ื‘ืžืกืข ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ
14:11
to work as day laborers at a commercial farm
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืคื•ืขืœื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช
14:13
for about 50 cents a day.
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ืชืžื•ืจืช 50 ืกื ื˜ ืœื™ื•ื.
14:15
Because he was building these crops.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
14:17
And with the money he earned he could stay this year.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื ื”.
14:20
And for the first time ever in three generations,
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ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช,
14:23
his children would go to school.
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ื™ืœื›ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืกืคืจ.
14:26
We asked him if he would send his daughters as well as his sons.
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ืฉืืœื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืื ื™ืฉืœื— ื’ื ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ื•.
14:29
And he said, "Of course I will.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ "ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื›ืŸ".
14:31
Because I don't want them discriminated against anymore."
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"ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืคืœื• ืœืจืขื” ื™ื•ืชืจ."
14:36
When we think about solutions to poverty,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื ื™
14:38
we cannot deny individuals
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืžื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื
14:40
their fundamental dignity.
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ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
14:42
Because at the end of the day,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื
14:44
dignity is more important to the human spirit than wealth.
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ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ.
14:47
And what's exciting is to see so many entrepreneurs across sectors
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืจื’ืฉ ื–ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื
14:51
who are building innovations that recognize
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ืš
14:54
that what people want is freedom
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ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื–ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉ
14:56
and choice and opportunity.
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ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
14:58
Because that is where dignity really starts.
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ื›ื™ ืฉื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืขืฆืžื™.
15:01
Martin Luther King said that
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ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื ื’ ืืžืจ ืฉ -
15:03
love without power is anemic and sentimental,
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ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื™ ื›ื•ื— ื”ื™ื ืื ืžื™ืช, ื•ืจื’ืฉื ื™ืช
15:08
and that power without love
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ื•ื›ื•ื— ืœืœื ืื”ื‘ื”
15:10
is reckless and abusive.
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ื”ื•ื ืคื–ื™ื– ื•ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™.
15:12
Our generation has seen both approaches tried,
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ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืจืื” ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื•ืช,
15:15
and often fail.
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ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ื ื›ืฉืœื•ืช.
15:17
But I think our generation also might be the first
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
15:20
to have the courage to embrace both love and power.
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ืœืืžืฅ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—.
15:24
For that is what we'll need, as we move forward
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื• ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”
15:27
to dream and imagine what it will really take
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ืœื—ืœื•ื ื•ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ื ื“ืจืฉ
15:30
to build a global economy that includes all of us,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
15:33
and to finally extend that fundamental proposition
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื–ื” -
15:36
that all men are created equal to every human being on the planet.
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ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื - ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืชื‘ืœ.
15:40
The time for us to begin innovating
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืขืช ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ื“ืฉ
15:43
and looking for new solutions, a cross sector, is now.
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ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื.
15:47
I can only talk from my own experience,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™.
15:49
but in eight years of running Acumen fund,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘- 8 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืงืจืŸ Acumen,
15:53
I've seen the power of patient capital.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”"ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื™".
15:55
Not only to inspire innovation and risk taking,
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
16:00
but to truly build systems that have created
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ืืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจื•
16:02
more than 25,000 jobs
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ืžืขืœ 29 ืืœืฃ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
16:04
and delivered tens of millions of services and products
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ื•ืกื™ืคืงื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื
16:07
to some of the poorest people on the planet.
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ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
16:10
I know it works.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
16:12
But I know that many other kinds of innovation also work.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืฃ ื”ืŸ.
16:15
And so I urge you, in whatever sector you work,
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ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืคืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ื, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
16:18
in whatever job you do,
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื”,
16:20
to start thinking about how we might
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ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
16:22
build solutions that start
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื
16:25
from the perspective of those we're trying to help.
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื• ืฉืœื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
16:27
Rather than what we think that they might need.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ื˜ื— ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
16:32
It will take embracing the world with both arms.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื‘ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
16:35
And it will take living with the spirit of generosity and accountability,
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ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช,
16:40
with a sense of integrity and perseverance.
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ืขื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืฉืจื” ื•ื”ืชืžื“ื”
16:44
And yet these are the very qualities
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช
16:46
for which men and women have been honored
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ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชืŸ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ื‘ื“ื•
16:48
throughout the generations.
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
16:50
And there is so much good that we can do.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
16:53
Just think of all those sunflowers in the desert.
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ืจืง ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
16:56
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
16:58
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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