Jacqueline Novogratz: A third way to think about aid

57,036 views ใƒป 2009-09-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ha yeong Kwon ๊ฒ€ํ† : Tae-Hoon Chung
00:16
Clearly, we're living in a moment of crisis.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Arguably the financial markets have failed us
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์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ฑด๋Œ€, ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค๋ง์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
and the aid system is failing us,
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๊ตฌํ˜ธ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ตฌ์š”.
00:25
and yet I stand firmly with the optimists
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ์•„์ง ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ผ
00:28
who believe that there has probably never been a more exciting moment to be alive.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•˜๋˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
Because of some of technologies we've been talking about.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ป ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ
00:34
Because of the resources, the skills,
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๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ž์› ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:36
and certainly the surge of talent we're seeing all around the world,
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”
00:39
with the mindset to create change.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ธ์žฌ๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
00:42
And we've got a president who sees himself as a global citizen,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ดŒ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
who recognizes that no longer is there a single superpower,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์ด๋ž€ ์กด์žฌ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
00:50
but that we've got to engage in a different way with the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
And by definition, every one of you who is in this room
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ
00:57
must consider yourself a global soul,
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ดŒ์˜ ์ผ์›์ด์ž
00:59
a global citizen.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ดŒ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
You work on the front lines. And you've seen the best and the worst
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ตœ์ „์„ ์—์„œ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด
01:03
that human beings can do for one another and to one another.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ €์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•„ ์˜ค์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
And no matter what country you live or work in,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ผํ•˜๊ฑด
01:09
you've also seen the extraordinary things that individuals are capable of,
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๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ
01:13
even in their most ordinariness.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค๋„ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Today there is a raging debate
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์š”์ฆ˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋…ผ์Ÿ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
01:19
as to how best we lift people out of poverty,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
01:23
how best we release their energies.
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
On the one hand, we have people that say
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
the aid system is so broken we need to throw it out.
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๊ตฌํ˜ธ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—‰๋ง์ด์–ด์„œ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.
01:30
And on the other we have people who say
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์›์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ 
01:32
the problem is that we need more aid.
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
And what I want to talk about is something that compliments both systems.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
We call it patient capital.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ "์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
The critics point to the 500 billion dollars spent
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๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ 1970๋…„ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์›์กฐ์ž๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ
01:43
in Africa since 1970
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500์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ผฌ์ง‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
and say, and what do we have but environmental degradation
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:49
and incredible levels of poverty, rampant corruption?
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๋งŒ์—ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋ฉด ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฑด์กŒ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
They use Mobutu as metaphor.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋ถ€ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„์œ ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์ฃ .
01:56
And their policy prescription is to
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ ์ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์€
02:00
make government more accountable,
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์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋” ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
02:02
focus on the capital markets,
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์ž๋ณธ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:04
invest, don't give anything away.
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ค˜๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
On the other side, as I said, there are those who say
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์—์„  ์•„๊นŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
02:09
the problem is that we need more money.
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๋ˆ์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
That when it comes to the rich, we'll bail out
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๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉด ์„œ๋กœ๋“ค ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
and we'll hand a lot of aid,
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๋งŽ์ด๋“ค ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์ฃ .
02:16
but when it comes to our poor brethren,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ๋Š”
02:18
we want little to do with it.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
They point to the successes of aid:
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์›์กฐํ™œ๋™์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
02:22
the eradication of smallpox,
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘์˜ ๊ทผ์ ˆ๊ณผ
02:24
and the distribution of tens of millions
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๋ช‡์ฒœ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜
02:27
of malaria bed nets and antiretrovirals.
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์—์ด์ฆˆ ํ•ญ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ์˜ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ.
02:31
Both sides are right.
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์–‘์ชฝ ๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
And the problem is that neither side is listening to the other.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
Even more problematic, they're not listening to
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๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
02:39
poor people themselves.
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๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:41
After 25 years of working on issues of
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๊ฐ€๋‚œ๊ณผ ํ˜์‹ ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ผ์„
02:43
poverty and innovation,
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25๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
02:45
it's true that there are probably no more market-oriented
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์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต๋งŒํผ
02:49
individuals on the planet
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์‹œ์žฅ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
02:51
than low-income people.
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
They must navigate markets daily,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:56
making micro-decisions, dozens and dozens,
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํ—ค์ณ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:59
to move their way through society,
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ธ์„ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
and yet if a single catastrophic health problem
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๋ณ‘๋งˆ๊ฐ€
03:04
impacts their family,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๋ฎ์นœ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:06
they could be put back into poverty, sometimes for generations.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•ด ์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ฌผ๋ฆผ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
03:10
And so we need both the market
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์›,
03:12
and we need aid.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Patient capital works between,
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"์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ"์€ ๊ทธ ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
03:18
and tries to take the best of both.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์„ ๋”ฐ์˜ค๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
It's money that's invested in entrepreneurs who know their communities
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"์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ"์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ 
03:23
and are building solutions
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์‹์ˆ˜, ์ฃผํƒ, ๋Œ€์ฒด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:25
to healthcare, water, housing, alternative energy,
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:28
thinking of low income people not as passive recipients of charity,
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๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํ˜น์€ ์˜๋ขฐ์ธ ๋“ฑ
03:33
but as individual customers, consumers, clients,
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š”
03:36
people who want to make decisions in their own lives.
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๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Patient capital requires that we have
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"์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ"์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์€
03:41
incredible tolerance for risk,
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์†์‹ค์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‘๋‘‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์งฑ๊ณผ
03:44
a long time horizon in terms of allowing those
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์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์„
03:46
entrepreneurs time to experiment,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
03:48
to use the market as the best listening device that we have,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ๋ชฉ,
03:52
and the expectation of below-market returns,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ต์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
03:55
but outsized social impact.
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์ œ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
It recognizes that the market has its limitation,
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"์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ"์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
and so patient capital also works
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ"์€ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์„
04:04
with smart subsidy to extend the benefits of a global economy
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์ด ์ปค์ ธ
04:07
to include all people.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Now, entrepreneurs need patient capital
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์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ "์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ"์ด
04:11
for three reasons.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ  3๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
First, they tend to work in markets
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด ์ž๋ณธ์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์—
04:15
where people make one, two, three dollars a day
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1,2,3 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž… ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ
04:17
and they are making all of their decisions within that income level.
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๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์š”๊ธดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Second, the geographies in which they work
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด ์ž๋ณธ์ด ์“ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์€
04:23
have terrible infrastructure --
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์ด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์ฃ .
04:25
no roads to speak of, sporadic electricity
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๊ธธ๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋” ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€
04:27
and high levels of corruption.
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
04:31
Third, they are often creating markets.
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ด ์ž๋ณธ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
Even if you're bringing clean water
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‹œ๊ณจ ๋งˆ์„์— ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„
04:35
for the first time into rural villages, it is something new.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ฌ์˜จ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
And so many low-income people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
04:40
have seen so many failed promises broken
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๋ง๋ฟ์ธ ์•ฝ์†์ด๋‚˜ ๋ŒํŒ”์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„ ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ๋ณธ๋ฐ๋‹ค
04:44
and seen so many quacks and sporadic medicines offered to them
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์•ฝ์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋‹ค ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:48
that building trust takes a lot of time,
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์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์Œ“๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:51
takes a lot of patience.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
It also requires being connected to a lot of management assistance.
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์ด ์ž๋ณธ์€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋„์›€๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
Not only to build the systems,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
04:59
the business models that allow us
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์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
05:01
to reach low income people in a sustainable way,
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์‚ฌ์—…๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:03
but to connect those business
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์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์žฅ, ์ •๋ถ€, ํ˜น์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด
05:05
to other markets, to governments, to corporations --
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•
05:08
real partnerships if we want to get to scale.
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋” ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
I want to share one story
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"์„ธ๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ "์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ
05:14
about an innovation called drip irrigation.
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๊ด€๊ฐœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
In 2002 I met this incredible entrepreneur
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2002๋…„์— ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์•„๋ฏธํƒ€๋ฐ” ์‚ฌ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š”
05:19
named Amitabha Sadangi from India,
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
who'd been working for 20 years with some of the poorest farmers on the planet.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:26
And he was expressing his frustration
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์›์กฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ „์ฒด ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ๋†๋ถ€๋ฅผ
05:28
that the aid market had bypassed low-income farmers altogether,
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์ €๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋‚™๋‹ดํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
despite the fact that 200 million farmers
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์ธ๋„๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ 2์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด
05:33
alone in India make under a dollar a day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋„ ๋ชป ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
They were creating subsidies
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์›์กฐ๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ
05:38
either for large farms,
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ํฐ ๋†์žฅ์— ์ง€๊ธ‰๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
05:40
or they were giving inputs to the farmers
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:42
that they thought they should use, rather than
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์›์กฐ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง์ž‘ํ•œ
05:44
that the farmers wanted to use.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธ‰๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:46
At the same time Amitabha was
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ํ•œํŽธ ์•„๋ฏธํƒ€๋ฐ”๋Š” ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ
05:48
obsessed with this drip irrigation technology
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์„ธ๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—
05:51
that had been invented in Israel.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:54
It was a way of bringing small amounts of water
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์ด๊ฑด ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์—
05:57
directly to the stalk of the plant.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
05:59
And it could transform
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋“œ๋„“์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด
06:01
swaths of desert land into fields of emerald green.
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์—๋ฉ”๋ž„๋“œ ๋น› ์ดˆ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
06:04
But the market also had bypassed low income farmers,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์žฅ๋„ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง€๋‚˜์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
because these systems were both too expensive,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์ŒŒ๊ณ 
06:10
and they were constructed for fields that were too large.
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๋„“์€ ๋•…์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:13
The average small village farmer
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์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ
06:15
works on two acres or less.
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2 ์—์ด์ปค ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋•…์„ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
And so, Amitabha decided that he would take that innovation
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋ฏธํƒ€๋ฐ”๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ
06:21
and he would redesign it from the perspective
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ
06:23
of the poor farmers themselves,
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์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งˆ์Œ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:25
because he spent so many years listening to what they needed
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๊ผญ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ง์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:28
not what he thought that they should have.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ท€๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ์™”์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:30
And he used three fundamental principles.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›์น™์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
The first one was miniaturization.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
The drip irrigation system
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์–ด๋–ค ๋†๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ 2 ์—์ด์ปค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„
06:37
had to be small enough that a farmer only had
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ยผ์—์ด์ปค๋งŒ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๋งŒํผ
06:39
to risk a quarter acre,
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์ž‘์€ ์„ธ๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€๊ฐœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
even if he had two,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋•…์—
06:44
because it was too frightening, given all that he had at stake.
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์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์œ„ํ—˜์ฒœ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:47
Second, it had to be extremely affordable.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
In other words, that risk on the quarter acre
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๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ยผ ์—์ด์ปค์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ํˆฌ์ž๊ธˆ์€
06:54
needed to be repaid in a single harvest,
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
or else they wouldn't take the risk.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‹œ๋„์กฐ์ฐจ ์•Š์„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:59
And third, it had to be what Amitabha calls
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์•„๋ฏธํƒ€๋ฐ”์˜ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ
07:01
infinitely expandable.
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๋ฌดํ•œ ํ™•์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
What I mean is with the profits from the first quarter acre,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ยผ์—์ด์ปค์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด๋“ค์ธ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ
07:06
the farmers could buy a second
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๋†๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ ยผ์—์ด์ปค๋กœ
07:08
and a third and a fourth.
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๋„“ํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
As of today, IDE India, Amitabha's organization,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์•„๋ฏธํƒ€๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์šด IDE India๋Š”
07:13
has sold over 300,000 farmers these systems
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ 30๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ”์•˜๊ณ 
07:16
and has seen their yields and incomes
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™•๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:18
double or triple on average,
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2๋ฐฐ, 3๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
but this didn't happen overnight.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
In fact, when you go back to the beginning,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
07:25
there were no private investors
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋„ ๋ชป ๋ฒŒ๊ณ 
07:27
who would be willing to take a risk on building a new technology
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊บผ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
07:30
for a market class that made under a dollar a day,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง์ข… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋†์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”
07:33
that were known to be some of the most risk-averse people on the planet
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—
07:36
and that were working in one of the riskiest sectors, agriculture.
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ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
And so we needed grants. And he used significant grants
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:43
to research, to experiment, to fail,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:46
to innovate and try again.
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์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
And when he had a prototype
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
07:51
and had a better understanding of how to market to farmers,
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ” ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋•Œ
07:54
that's when patient capital could come in.
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"์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ"์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:56
And we helped him build a company, for profit,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ IDE์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”
07:59
that would build on IDE's knowledge,
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์˜๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:02
and start looking at sales and exports,
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ํŒ๋งค์™€ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์— ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:04
and be able to tap into other kinds of capital.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํˆฌ์ž๋„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:08
Secondarily, we wanted to see if we could export
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•ด
08:11
this drip irrigation and bring it into other countries.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
And so we met Dr. Sono Khangharani in Pakistan.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์˜ ์†Œ๋…ธ ์บ‰๊ฐ€๋ผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
08:18
And while, again, you needed patience
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ธ๋„ ๋†๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„
08:20
to move a technology for the poor
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
in India into Pakistan,
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์ผ๋‹จ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:24
just to get the permits,
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋…ธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
08:26
over time we were able to start a company
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
with Dr. Sono, who runs a large
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์™ธ์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ณณ ์ค‘
08:31
community development organization in the Thar Desert,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ํƒ€๋ฅด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์—์„œ
08:34
which is one of the remote and poorest areas of the country.
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ํฐ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
And though that company has just started,
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๋น„๋ก ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ๋˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:39
our assumption is that there too
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ช‡๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ
08:41
we'll see the impact on millions.
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
But drip irrigation isn't the only innovation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
We're starting to see these happening all around the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
In Arusha, Tanzania, A to Z Textile Manufacturing
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ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ์•„๋ฃจ์ƒค์—์„œ๋Š” "A to Z ์„ฌ์œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ"๊ฐ€
08:54
has worked in partnership with us,
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์ €ํฌ, ์œ ๋‹ˆ์„ธํ”„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํŽ€๋“œ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ
08:56
with UNICEF, with the Global Fund,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 7000 ๋ช…์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
to create a factory that now employs 7,000 people, mostly women.
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๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ์ž๊ตฌ์š”.
09:01
And they produce 20 million lifesaving bednets
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:03
for Africans around the world.
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2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
Lifespring Hospital
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"๋ผ์ดํ”„์Šคํ”„๋ง ๋ณ‘์›"์€ ์•„ํ๋จผ ํŽ€๋“œ์™€ ์ธ๋„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜
09:09
is a joint venture between Acumen and the government of India
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ํ•ฉ์ž‘ ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
09:11
to bring quality, affordable maternal health care
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์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋ชจ์„ฑ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ
09:15
to low-income women,
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์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
09:17
and it's been so successful that it's currently building
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์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” 35์ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ผด๋กœ ์ƒˆ ๋ณ‘์›์„
09:19
a new hospital every 35 days.
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์ง€์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
And 1298 Ambulances decided that it was going to
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"1298 ์•ฐ๋ทธ๋Ÿฐ์Šค"๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ง๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฐ์—…์„
09:27
reinvent a completely broken industry,
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์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ด„๋ฒ ์ด์—์„œ
09:30
building an ambulance service in Bombay
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๊ตฌ๊ธ‰์ฐจ ์šดํ–‰ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:32
that would use the technology of Google Earth,
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์–ด์“ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
09:35
a sliding scale pricing system
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์ฐจ๋“ฑ์š”๊ธˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…
09:37
so that all people could have access,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:39
and a severe and public decision
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์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ
09:42
not to engage in any form of corruption.
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋„ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
So that in the terrorist attacks of November
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ 2008๋…„ 11์›”์˜ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋•Œ
09:47
they were the first responder,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
09:49
and are now beginning to scale, because of partnership.
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‚ฌ์—…๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:51
They've just won four government contracts to build off their 100 ambulances,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 100๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธ‰์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋„๋ก ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ 4๊ฑด์„ ๋ง‰ ์ˆ˜์ฃผํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:55
and are one of the largest and most effective ambulance companies
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์ด์ œ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ
09:59
in India.
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๊ตฌ๊ธ‰์ฐจ ์—…์ฒด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
This idea of scale is critical.
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Because we're starting to see these enterprises
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„
10:05
reach hundreds of thousands of people. All of the ones I discussed
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ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ
10:08
have reached at least a quarter million people.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ถ€ ์ ์–ด๋„ 25๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
But that's obviously not enough.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
And it's where the idea of partnership
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€
10:14
becomes so important.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Whether it's by finding those innovations
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ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ž์ฒด์˜
10:18
that can access the capital markets,
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๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ์˜
10:20
government itself, or partner with major corporations,
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜๊ฑด
10:23
there is unbelievable opportunity for innovation.
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ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
President Obama understands that.
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์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
He recently authorized the creation of a Social Innovation Fund
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:32
to focus on what works in this country,
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๊ทธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ• 
10:34
and look at how we can scale it.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ํ˜์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
And I would submit that it's time to consider
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จ
10:39
a global innovation fund
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:41
that would find these entrepreneurs around the world
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์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
10:44
who really have innovations, not only for their country,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€
10:46
but ones that we can use in the developed world as well.
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๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
Invest financial assistance, but also management assistance.
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์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์›์—๋„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ง€์›์—๋„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:53
And then measure the returns,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธˆ์œต์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด
10:55
both from a financial perspective
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์–‘์ชฝ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ
10:57
and from a social impact perspective.
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์†์ต์„ ๋”ฐ์ ธ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:00
When we think about new approaches to aid,
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์›์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
11:03
it's impossible not to talk about Pakistan.
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์„ ๋บ€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
We've had a rocky relationship with that country
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์€ ์ˆœํƒ„์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด ์™”๊ณ 
11:09
and, in all fairness,
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๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์„œ
11:11
the United States has not always been a very reliable partner.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž์ž์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
11:14
But again I would say that this is our moment
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ
11:18
for extraordinary things to happen.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
And if we take that notion of a global innovation fund,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:23
we could use this time to invest
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
11:26
not directly in government, though we would have government's blessing,
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์ง์ ‘ ์ •๋ถ€์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ ,
11:29
nor in international experts,
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๊ตญ์ œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ 
11:32
but in the many existing entrepreneurs
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์ „๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”
11:35
and civil society leaders
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
11:37
who already are building wonderful innovations
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
11:41
that are reaching people all across the country.
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ํˆฌ์žํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
People like Rashani Zafar,
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์œต์ž ์€ํ–‰์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ
11:45
who created one of the largest microfinance banks in the country,
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๋‚˜๋ผ ์•ˆํŒŽ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์—ญํ•  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
11:48
and is a real role model for women inside and outside the country.
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๋ผ์‚ฌ๋‹ˆ ์žํŒŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜
11:52
And Tasneem Siddiqui, who developed a way
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์ฆ๋ถ„ ์ฃผํƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด
11:54
called incremental housing,
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4๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ๋นˆ๋ฏผ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์„
11:56
where he has moved 40,000 slum dwellers
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธด
11:58
into safe, affordable community housing.
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ํƒ€์Šค๋‹˜ ์‹œ๋””ํ€˜์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
12:01
Educational initiatives like DIL and The Citizen Foundation
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์ „๊ตญ์— ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
12:04
that are building schools across the country.
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DIL๊ณผ ๋” ์‹œํ‹ฐ์ฆŒ ํŒŒ์šด๋ฐ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ต์œก ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด๋ฉด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:07
It's not hyperbole
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ
12:09
to say that these civil society institutions
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
12:11
and these social entrepreneurs
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์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ํƒˆ๋ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„
12:13
are building real alternatives to the Taliban.
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๊ณผ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
I've invested in Pakistan for over seven years now,
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์ด์ œ๊ป ์ €๋Š” ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์— 7๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:19
and those of you who've also worked there
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ ํ•ด ๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
12:21
can attest that Pakistanis are an incredibly hard working population,
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๋งค์šฐ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
and there is a fierce upward mobility in their very nature.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
President Kennedy said that
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์ผ€๋„ค๋”” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€
12:32
those who make peaceful revolution impossible
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ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์šด ํ˜๋ช…์„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
12:36
make violent revolution inevitable.
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ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํ˜๋ช…์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
I would say that the converse is true.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ง„์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
That these social leaders
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 2๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋„ ๋ชป ๋ฒ„๋Š” 70 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜
12:43
who really are looking at innovation
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๊พ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:45
and extending opportunity
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๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ํญ์„ ๋„“ํ˜€์ฃผ๋Š”
12:47
to the 70 percent of Pakistanis who make less than two dollars a day,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ
12:50
provide real pathways to hope.
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ํฌ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ธธ์„ ๋‹ฆ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
And as we think about how we construct aid for Pakistan,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์„ ๋„์™€
12:56
while we need to strengthen the judiciary,
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๋” ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
12:59
build greater stability,
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๋” ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ
13:01
we also need to think about lifting those leaders
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์—ญํ•  ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋˜์–ด์ค„
13:04
who can be role models for the rest of the world.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ๋†’์ด ๋ฐ›๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
On one of my last visits to Pakistan,
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ,
13:10
I asked Dr. Sono if he would take me
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์ €๋Š” ์†Œ๋…ธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํƒ€๋ฅด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜
13:12
to see some of the drip irrigation in the Thar Desert.
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์„ธ๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€๊ฐœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ข€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
And we left Karachi one morning before dawn.
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์–ด๋Š๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™ํŠธ๊ธฐ ์ „ ์นด๋ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:18
It was about 115 degrees.
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๋‚ ์”จ๋Š” ์„ญ์”จ 46๋„ ์ •๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
And we drove for eight hours
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์ƒ‰๊น”๋„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†๊ณ  ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ
13:22
along this moonscape-like landscape
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๋‹ฌ ํ’๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
13:25
with very little color, lots of heat,
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์กฐ์šฉํžˆ 8์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
very little discussion, because we were exhausted.
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ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
And finally, at the end of the journey,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๋๋‚  ๋ฌด๋ ต,
13:32
I could see this thin little yellow line across the horizon.
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์ง€ํ‰์„  ์œ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋…ธ๋ž€ ์ค„์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
And as we got closer, its significance became apparent.
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
13:39
That there in the desert
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ํƒ€๋ฅด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์—๋Š” 2๋ฏธํ„ฐ 10์„ผํ‹ฐ ๋†’์ด๋กœ ์ž๋ž€
13:41
was a field of sunflowers growing seven feet tall.
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ํ•ด๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋ฐญ์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
Because one of the poorest farmers on Earth
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์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
13:46
had gotten access to a technology
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋†“์€
13:49
that had allowed him to change his own life.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
His name was Raja,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ผ์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
and he had kind, twinkly hazel eyes
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ๋…น๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๋ˆˆ์—
13:56
and warm expressive hands
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์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
13:59
that reminded me of my father.
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๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ์†์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
And he said it was the first dry season
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒ์ „ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ธฐ์—
14:03
in his entire life that he hadn't taken
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ด 12๋ช…๊ณผ ์†์ž/์†๋…€ 50๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:06
his 12 children and 50 grandchildren
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์ดํ‹€ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์„ ์ง€๋‚˜
14:08
on a two day journey across the desert
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 50์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”
14:11
to work as day laborers at a commercial farm
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์ƒ์—… ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผ์šฉ์ง ์ผ๊พผ์œผ๋กœ
14:13
for about 50 cents a day.
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์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
Because he was building these crops.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ž‘๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๊ธธ๋ €๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
14:17
And with the money he earned he could stay this year.
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์ด ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
And for the first time ever in three generations,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ผ ๋Œ€๋งŒ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
14:23
his children would go to school.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
We asked him if he would send his daughters as well as his sons.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋”ธ๋“ค๋„ ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
And he said, "Of course I will.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
14:31
Because I don't want them discriminated against anymore."
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋”ธ๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”."
14:36
When we think about solutions to poverty,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ,
14:38
we cannot deny individuals
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ
14:40
their fundamental dignity.
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์กด์—„์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
Because at the end of the day,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ,
14:44
dignity is more important to the human spirit than wealth.
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ •์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:47
And what's exciting is to see so many entrepreneurs across sectors
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
14:51
who are building innovations that recognize
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์œ ์™€ ์„ ํƒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
14:54
that what people want is freedom
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์•Œ์•„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:56
and choice and opportunity.
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๊ธฐ์œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
Because that is where dignity really starts.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ง„์‹ค๋กœ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
Martin Luther King said that
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๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ฃจํ„ฐ ํ‚น์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
15:03
love without power is anemic and sentimental,
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ํž˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์—†๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ƒ์ ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ 
15:08
and that power without love
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด ์—†๋Š” ํž˜์€
15:10
is reckless and abusive.
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๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚จ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ .
15:12
Our generation has seen both approaches tried,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ ฅ๋„ ์จ๋ดค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋„ ๋ฒ ํ’€์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
15:15
and often fail.
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์ž์ฃผ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ง€์ผœ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
But I think our generation also might be the first
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘
15:20
to have the courage to embrace both love and power.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ํฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋…”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
For that is what we'll need, as we move forward
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฟˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์„œ๊ณ 
15:27
to dream and imagine what it will really take
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:30
to build a global economy that includes all of us,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ช…์ œ๋ฅผ
15:33
and to finally extend that fundamental proposition
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
15:36
that all men are created equal to every human being on the planet.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
15:40
The time for us to begin innovating
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š”
15:43
and looking for new solutions, a cross sector, is now.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
I can only talk from my own experience,
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์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—๋งŒ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
15:49
but in eight years of running Acumen fund,
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์•„ํ๋จผ ํŽ€๋“œ๋ฅผ 8๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
15:53
I've seen the power of patient capital.
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์ €๋Š” "์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ"์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
Not only to inspire innovation and risk taking,
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ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๊พ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
16:00
but to truly build systems that have created
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
16:02
more than 25,000 jobs
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2๋งŒ 5์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง์—…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
16:04
and delivered tens of millions of services and products
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๋ช‡์ฒœ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ
16:07
to some of the poorest people on the planet.
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์ฒด๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ํž˜.
16:10
I know it works.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ €๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
But I know that many other kinds of innovation also work.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ˜์‹ ๋„ ์ œ ๊ตฌ์‹ค์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
And so I urge you, in whatever sector you work,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
in whatever job you do,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋“ 
16:20
to start thinking about how we might
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋“ 
16:22
build solutions that start
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ
16:25
from the perspective of those we're trying to help.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
Rather than what we think that they might need.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ง€๋ ˆ ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜์‹œ์ง€ ๋ง๊ตฌ์š”.
16:32
It will take embracing the world with both arms.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‘ ํŒ”๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
And it will take living with the spirit of generosity and accountability,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค๋˜๊ณ  ์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ
16:40
with a sense of integrity and perseverance.
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๊ด€์šฉ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐฌ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
16:44
And yet these are the very qualities
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
16:46
for which men and women have been honored
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋•๋ชฉ๋“ค์„
16:48
throughout the generations.
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๋ณธ๋ฐ›๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:50
And there is so much good that we can do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
Just think of all those sunflowers in the desert.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ์žˆ๋˜ ํ•ด๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
16:56
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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