Wingham Rowan: A new kind of job market

57,634 views ใƒป 2013-01-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Mark Freehoff ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shlomo Adam
00:15
This is about a hidden corner of the labor market.
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืคื™ื ื” ืกืžื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
00:19
It's the world of people who need to work ultra-flexibly,
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ืชื™ืจื”,
00:22
if they're to work at all.
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ืื• ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
00:24
So think, for instance,
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืœืžืฉืœ,
00:25
of someone who has a recurring but unpredictable medical condition,
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ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžืžื—ืœื” ืฉืคื•ืงื“ืช ืื•ืชื• ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ืืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืฆืคื•ื™,
00:28
or somebody who's caring for a dependent adult,
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ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืฉืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื•,
00:31
or a parent with complex child care needs.
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ืื• ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื™ืœื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื.
00:34
Their availability for work can be such that it's,
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ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ื•:
00:37
"A few hours today.
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"ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:39
Maybe I can work tomorrow, but I don't know if and when yet."
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื• ืžืชื™".
00:42
And it's extraordinarily difficult for these people
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
00:45
to find the work that they so often need very badly.
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื” ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช.
00:48
Which is a tragedy because there are employers
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ื•ื–ืืช ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ื ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื
00:51
who can use pools of very flexible local people
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืžืื’ืจื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื
00:54
booked completely ad hoc around when that person wants to work.
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืจืง ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
00:58
Imagine that you run a cafe.
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉืืชื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”
01:01
It's mid-morning, the place is filling up.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืžืฆืข ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืœื.
01:02
You're going to have a busy lunchtime rush.
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืขื•ืžืก ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื
01:04
If you could get two extra workers for 90 minutes
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ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœ-90 ื“ืงื•ืช
01:07
to start in an hour's time,
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ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืฉืขื”,
01:10
you'd do it, but they'd have to be reliable, inducted in how your cafe works.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื™ื, ืžืชื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืคื” ืฉืœื›ื.
01:15
They'd have to be available at very competitive rates.
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ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื.
01:17
They'd have to be bookable in about the next minute.
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ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื–ืžื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื“ืงื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”.
01:20
In reality, no recruitment agency wants to handle that sort of business,
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ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืืฃ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ืขื ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”,
01:24
so you are going to muddle by, understaffed.
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ืื– ืชื™ืืœืฆื• ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
01:27
And it's not just caterers, it's hoteliers, it's retailers,
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืš ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืกืขื“ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืœื•ื ืื•ืช, ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช,
01:30
it's anyone who provides services to the public or businesses.
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ื•ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื• ืœืขืกืงื™ื.
01:33
There's all sorts of organizations that can use these pools of very flexible people,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžืื’ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื,
01:37
possibly already once they've been inducted.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ื›ืฉืจื”.
01:40
At this level of the labor market,
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ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
01:43
what you need is a marketplace for spare hours.
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ืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืง ืœืฉืขื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:46
They do exist. Here's how they work.
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ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ื•ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“:
01:48
So in this example, a distribution company has said,
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ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื–ื•, ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคืฆื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืืžืจื”,
01:52
we've got a rush order that we've got to get out of the warehouse tomorrow morning.
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"ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื“ื—ื•ืคื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ืžื—ืกืŸ ืžื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
01:55
Show us everyone who's available.
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ืชืจืื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื–ืžื™ืŸ."
01:57
It's found 31 workers.
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ื ืžืฆืื• 31 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
01:58
Everybody on this screen is genuinely available at those specific hours tomorrow.
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคื ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืžื—ืจ.
02:02
They're all contactable in time for this booking.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื ื›ื•ืœื ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื”.
02:04
They've all defined the terms on which they will accept bookings.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช.
02:08
And this booking is within all the parameters for each individual.
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ื•ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื.
02:12
And they would all be legally compliant by doing this booking.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
02:14
Of course, they're all trained to work in warehouses.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื—ืกืŸ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช.
02:16
You can select as many of them as you want.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื›ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื.
02:18
They're from multiple agencies.
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ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื”.
02:20
It's calculated the charge rate for each person for this specific booking.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœื”ื–ืžื ื” ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื–ื•
02:24
And it's monitoring their reliability.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื ื˜ืจ ื’ื ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
02:26
The people on the top row are the provenly reliable ones.
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื• ื›ืืžื™ื ื™ื.
02:29
They're likely to be more expensive.
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:31
In an alternative view of this pool of local, very flexible people,
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“:
02:34
here's a market research company,
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ื”ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื,
02:36
and it's inducted maybe 25 local people in how to do street interviewing.
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ืฉื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื” ื›-25 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช-ืจื—ื•ื‘.
02:40
And they've got a new campaign. They want to run it next week.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ. ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื.
02:42
And they're looking at how many of the people they've inducted
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•
02:46
are available each hour next week.
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ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื.
02:48
And they'll then decide when to do their street interviews.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืžืชื™ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืืช ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื”ื.
02:51
But is there more that could be done
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช
02:53
for this corner of the labor market?
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ืœืžืขืŸ ืคื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”?
02:55
Because right now there are so many people
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ื›ื™ ื›ืจื’ืข ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš
02:58
who need whatever economic opportunity they can get.
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ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ.
03:01
Let's make it personal.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
03:03
Imagine that a young woman -- base of the economic pyramid,
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืื™ืฉื” ืฆืขื™ืจื”-- ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
03:06
very little prospect of getting a job --
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ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” --
03:08
what economic activity could she theoretically engage in?
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™?
03:12
Well, she might be willing to work odd hours
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉื™ื’ืจืชื™ื•ืช
03:14
in a call center, in a reception area, in a mail room.
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ืช, ื‘ืื•ืœื ืงื‘ืœื”, ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื“ื•ืืจ.
03:18
She may be interested in providing local services to her community:
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”:
03:21
babysitting, local deliveries, pet care.
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ืฉืžืจื˜ืคื•ืช, ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
03:24
She may have possessions that she would like to trade
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื”ื—ืœืคื”
03:27
at times she doesn't need them.
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ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืœื ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”.
03:28
So she might have a sofa bed in her front room that she would like to let out.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืกืคื” ื ืคืชื—ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื™, ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ.
03:32
She might have a bike, a video games console she only uses occasionally.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื”ื ืจืง ืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื.
03:36
And you're probably thinking -- because you're all very web-aware --
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ื•ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื -- ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ --
03:39
yes, and we're in the era of collaborative consumption,
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช,
03:42
so she can go online and do all this.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืจืฉืช:
03:43
She can go to Airbnb to list her sofa bed,
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืืชืจ Airbnb ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื”ืกืคื” ื”ื ืคืชื—ืช ืฉืœื”,
03:46
she can go to TaskRabbit.com and say, "I want to do local deliveries," and so on.
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ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœ-TaskRabbit.com ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, "ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื" ื•ื›ื•'.
03:50
These are good sites, but I believe we can go a step further.
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ืืœื” ืืชืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš.
03:55
And the key to that is a philosophy that we call modern markets for all.
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ื•ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื "ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ".
04:02
Markets have changed beyond recognition in the last 20 years,
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ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ืœื‘ืœื™-ื”ื›ืจ ื‘-20 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
04:06
but only for organizations at the top of the economy.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
04:10
If you're a Wall Street trader, you now take it for granted
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ืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื—ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืœ-ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜, ืžืงื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•
04:13
that you sell your financial assets in a system of markets
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื ื›ืกื™ื• ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื
04:16
that identifies the most profitable opportunities for you in real time,
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ืฉืžื–ื”ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช,
04:20
executes on that in microseconds within the boundaries you've set.
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ื•ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจ ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื‘ื•.
04:23
It analyzes supply and demand and pricing
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ื”ื™ื ืžื ืชื—ืช ื”ื™ืฆืข, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ืชืžื—ื•ืจ
04:27
and tells you where your next wave of opportunities are coming from.
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ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื• ืžืื™ืŸ ื™ื’ื™ืข ื’ืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื.
04:29
It manages counterparty risk in incredibly sophisticated ways.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืคืœื™ื.
04:32
It's all extremely low overhead.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
04:35
What have we gained at the bottom of the economy
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ืฉื’ื ื• ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”
04:38
in terms of markets in the last 20 years?
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื, ื‘-20 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช?
04:42
Basically classified adverts with a search facility.
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ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื•ืช ืขื ื›ืœื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ.
04:48
So why do we have this disparity
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ืžืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
04:50
between these incredibly sophisticated markets at the top of the economy
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
04:54
that are increasingly sucking more and more activity and resource
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ืฉืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
04:57
out of the main economy into this rarefied level of trading,
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ืžื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืกืช ื”ื–ื•,
05:01
and what the rest of us have?
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ?
05:03
A modern market is more than a website;
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ืฉื•ืง ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜;
05:06
it's a web of interoperable marketplaces,
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ื–ื• ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™-ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ,
05:09
back office mechanisms, regulatory regimes,
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ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ "ืžืฉืจื“ ืื—ื•ืจื™", ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ ื•ื™ืกื•ืช,
05:11
settlement mechanisms, liquidity sources and so on.
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ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืคืฉืจื”, ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื•ื›ื•'.
05:16
And when a Wall Street trader comes into work in the morning,
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ื•ื›ืฉืกื•ื—ืจืช ื‘ื•ื•ืœ-ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื‘ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
05:19
she does not write a listing for every financial derivative she wants to sell today
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื›ื™ื ื” ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื
05:25
and then post that listing on multiple websites
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ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
05:27
and wait for potential buyers to get in touch
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ืžื—ื›ื” ืฉืงื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื™ื™ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื” ืงืฉืจ
05:30
and start negotiating the terms on which she might trade.
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ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื-ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื ืชืกื›ื™ื ืœืกื—ื•ืจ.
05:33
In the early days of this modern markets technology,
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ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•,
05:36
the financial institutions worked out
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ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ืžืฆืื• ื“ืจืš
05:38
how they could leverage their buying power, their back office processes,
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ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืงื ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื, ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™,
05:42
their relationships, their networks
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ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
05:44
to shape these new markets that would create all this new activity.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ืš ืฉื™ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:49
They asked governments for supporting regulatory regimes,
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื™ื ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื,
05:52
and in a lot of cases they got it.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื–ื”.
05:55
But throughout the economy,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”
05:57
there are facilities that could likewise leverage
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืžื ืฃ
05:59
a new generation of markets
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ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื
06:01
for the benefit of all of us.
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ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
06:04
And those facilities --
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ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•--
06:06
I'm talking about things like the mechanisms that prove our identity,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื ื–ื”ื•ืช,
06:09
the licensing authorities
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ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™
06:12
that know what each of us is allowed to do legally at any given time,
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ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ,
06:15
the processes by which we resolve disputes through official channels.
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื“ืจื›ื ืื ื• ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื.
06:19
These mechanisms, these facilities
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ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
06:22
are not in the gift of Craigslist or Gumtree or Yahoo,
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ืื™ื ื ืžืชื ืช "ืงืจื™ื™ื’-ืœื™ืกื˜", "ื’ืื-ื˜ืจื™" ืื• "ื™ืื”ื•" (ืืชืจื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื),
06:26
they're controlled by the state.
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ืืœื ื”ื ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
06:29
And the policymakers who sit on top of them
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ื•ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื
06:31
are, I suggest, simply not thinking about how those facilities could be used
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ืœื˜ืขื ืชื™, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ืฆืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื•
06:38
to underpin a whole new era of markets.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื.
06:40
Like everyone else, those policymakers are taking it for granted
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ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื’ื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•,
06:45
that modern markets are the preserve
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ืฉืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™
06:47
of organizations powerful enough to create them for themselves.
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ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœืžืขืŸ ืขืฆืžื.
06:55
Suppose we stopped taking that for granted.
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ืžื” ืื ื ืคืกื™ืง ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•.
06:59
Suppose tomorrow morning the prime minister of Britain or the president of the U.S.,
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ืžื” ืื ืžื—ืจ, ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืื• ื ืฉื™ื ืืจื”"ื‘,
07:02
or the leader of any other developed nation,
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ืื• ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืื—ืจืช
07:04
woke up and said, "I'm never going to be able to create
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ื™ืงื•ืžื• ื•ื™ืืžืจื•, "ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืฆืœื™ื— ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
07:08
all the jobs I need in the current climate.
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื™ ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™.
07:10
I have got to focus on whatever economic opportunity I can get to my citizens.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
07:15
And for that they have to be able to access state-of-the-art markets.
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ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:19
How do I make that happen?"
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ืื™ืš ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช?"
07:22
And I think I can see a few eyes rolling.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื›ืžื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ.
07:25
Politicians in a big, complex, sophisticated I.T. project?
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ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื–ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื•ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื?
07:28
Oh, that's going to be a disaster waiting to happen.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžืจืืฉ.
07:32
Not necessarily.
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ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—
07:35
There is a precedent for technology-enabled service
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ืชืงื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืก-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
07:38
that has been initiated by politicians in multiple countries
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ืฉื™ื–ืžื• ืื•ืชื• ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
07:41
and has been hugely successful:
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ื•ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช-ื“ื•ืคืŸ:
07:44
national lotteries.
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ื”ืœื•ื˜ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
07:47
Let's take Britain as an example.
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ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
07:48
Our government didn't design the national lottery,
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืชื›ื ื ื” ืืช ื”ืœื•ื˜ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™,
07:51
it didn't fund the national lottery, it doesn't operate the national lottery.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื™ืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืœื•ื˜ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืœื•ื˜ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
07:54
It simply passed the National Lottery Act and this is what followed.
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ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ืœื•ื˜ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.
07:59
This act defines what a national lottery will look like.
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืจืื” ื”ืœื•ื˜ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™
08:02
It specifies certain benefits
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช
08:04
that the state can uniquely bestow on the operators.
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ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื.
08:07
And it puts some obligations on those operators.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ื™ืœ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
08:09
In terms of spreading gambling activity to the masses,
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื,
08:13
this was an unqualified success.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืชื”.
08:16
But let's suppose that our aim
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื” ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื
08:17
is to bring new economic activity to the base of the pyramid.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืืœ ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื”.
08:21
Could we use the same model?
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ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ื“ืœ?
08:23
I believe we could.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ.
08:25
So imagine that policymakers outlined a facility.
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
08:29
Let's call it national e-markets, NEMs for short.
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ื ืงืจื ืœื” "ืฉื•ืง ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™", ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืž"ืœ.
08:33
Think of it as a regulated public utility.
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื—.
08:35
So it's on a par with the water supply or the road network.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื”-ืขืจืš ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ืื• ืœืจืฉืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื.
08:38
And it's a series of markets for low-level trade
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ื•ื–ื• ืกื“ืจืช ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืœืกื—ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื’ ื ืžื•ืš
08:42
that can be fulfilled by a person or a small company.
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืžืฉ ืื•ืชื” ืข"ื™ ืื“ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื”,
08:45
And government has certain benefits
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ื•ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช
08:48
it can uniquely bestow on these markets.
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ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
08:50
It's about public spending going through these markets
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
08:53
to buy public services at the local level.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
08:56
It's about interfacing these markets
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืžืฉืง ืžื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
08:57
direct into the highest official channels in the land.
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ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืœืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ.
09:01
It's about enshrining government's role as a publicist for these markets.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื™ื—ืฆ"ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
09:04
It's about deregulating some sectors
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื,
09:07
so that local people can enter them.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ื”ื.
09:09
So, taxi journeys might be one example.
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ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช.
09:11
And there are certain obligations that should go with those benefits
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืœื•ื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
09:16
to be placed on the operators,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื,
09:17
and the key one is, of course,
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ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
09:19
that the operators pay for everything,
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ืฉื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ืฉืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช,
09:22
including all the interfacing into the public sector.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืขื ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
09:25
So imagine that the operators make their return
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ืื– ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœื”ื
09:28
by building a percentage markup into each transaction.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืขืกืงื”,
09:31
Imagine that there's a concession period
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ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ
09:34
defined of maybe 15 years
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ 15 ืฉื ื™ื
09:36
in which they can take all these benefits and run with them.
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ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
09:41
And imagine that the consortia who bid to run it are told,
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ื•ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ืžื›ืจื–,
09:44
whoever comes in at the lowest percentage markup on each transaction
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ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื”ืขืžืœื” ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืขืกืงื”
09:48
to fund the whole thing
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ื‘ืžื’ืžื” ืœืžืžืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ,
09:49
will get the deal.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื”.
09:51
So government then exits the frame.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื”.
09:52
This is now in the hands of the consortium.
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ื›ืขืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“,
09:54
Either they are going to unlock an awful lot of economic opportunity
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ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื—ืจืจ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช,
09:57
and make a percentage on all of it
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ื•ื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ
09:59
or it's all going to crash and burn,
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ืื• ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื™ื™ื—ืจื‘,
10:00
which is tough on their shareholders.
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช.
10:02
It doesn't bother the taxpayer necessarily.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื.
10:04
And there would be no constraints on alternative markets.
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ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื.
10:09
So this would just be one more choice
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ืืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื—ืช
10:11
among millions of Internet forums.
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ืžืชื•ืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืคื•ืจื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
10:14
But it could be very different,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื”,
10:17
because having access to those state-backed facilities
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ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉื ืชืžื›ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
10:20
could incentivize this consortium
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืžืจืฅ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืชืื’ื™ื“
10:23
to seriously invest in the service.
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ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื”.
10:25
Because they would have to get a lot of these small transactions going
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื ื™ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
10:28
to start making their return.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืงืขืชื•.
10:30
So we're talking about sectors like home hair care,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืขืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
10:35
the hire of toys, farm work,
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ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื”,
10:38
hire of clothes even, meals delivered to your door,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื“ ืคืชื— ื”ื‘ื™ืช,
10:42
services for tourists, home care.
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ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช.
10:44
This would be a world of very small trades, but very well-informed,
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืžืกื—ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื“, ืื‘ืœ ืžืื“ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ
10:51
because national e-markets will deliver data.
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ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
10:55
So this is a local person
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ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื ืื“ื ืžืงื•ืžื™
10:57
potentially deciding whether to enter the babysitting market.
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืฉืžืจื˜ืคื•ืช.
11:00
And they might be aware that they would have to fund vetting and training
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ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืš ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืžืžืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช
11:03
if they wanted to go into that market.
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ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื–ื”.
11:04
They'd have to do assessment interviews with local parents
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืจื•ืš ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
11:07
who wanted a pool of babysitters.
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ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืžืจื˜ืคื™ื.
11:09
Is it worth their while?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฅ?
11:10
Should they be looking at other sectors?
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ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื?
11:12
Should they be moving to another part of the country
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ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
11:14
where there's a shortage of babysitters?
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ืฉื‘ื• ืงื™ื™ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืจื˜ืคื™ื?
11:16
This kind of data can become routine.
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ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฉื’ืจื”.
11:18
And this data can be used by investors.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื.
11:20
So if there's a problem with a shortage of babysitters in some parts of the country
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ืื– ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืจื˜ืคื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
11:23
and the problem is nobody can afford the vetting and training,
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช,
11:26
an investor can pay for it
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ืžืฉืงื™ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืžืŸ ืืช ื–ื”
11:28
and the system will tithe back the enhanced earnings of the individuals
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ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืคืจื™ืฉ ืœืžืคืจืข ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
11:31
for maybe the next two years.
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ืœืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš.
11:33
This is a world of atomized capitalism.
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ืœื ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ื–ืขื™ืจ ืื ืคื™ืŸ.
11:36
So it's small trades by small people,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
11:38
but it's very informed, safe, convenient, low-overhead and immediate.
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ืืš ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ื ื•ื—, ื‘ืขืœ ืชืงื•ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ื™.
11:45
Some rough research suggests this could unlock
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืžืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืืคืฉืจ
11:48
around 100 million pounds' worth a day of new economic activity
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ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื›-100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ"ื˜
11:52
in a country the size of the U.K.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื ื’ืœื™ื”.
11:54
Does that sound improbable to you?
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ื ืฉืžืข ืœื›ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจ?
11:57
That's what a lot of people said about turbo trading
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ืžืกื—ืจ-ื‘ื–ืง
12:01
in financial exchanges 20 years ago.
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ื‘ืกื—ืจ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืœืคื ื™ 20 ืฉื ื”.
12:04
Do not underestimate the transformative power
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ืืœ ืชืžืขื™ื˜ื• ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
12:07
of truly modern markets.
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ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช.
12:11
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”
12:12
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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