Wingham Rowan: A new kind of job market

57,551 views ใƒป 2013-01-28

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kwon Gukwon ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seung Hyun Kim
00:15
This is about a hidden corner of the labor market.
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์ €๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๊ตฌ์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
It's the world of people who need to work ultra-flexibly,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ๋™์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
00:22
if they're to work at all.
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๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
So think, for instance,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
00:25
of someone who has a recurring but unpredictable medical condition,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์žฌ๋ฐœํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:28
or somebody who's caring for a dependent adult,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋…ธ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ถ€์–‘์„ ๋งก์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ผ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
or a parent with complex child care needs.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์œก์•„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Their availability for work can be such that it's,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ด ์ •๋„๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:37
"A few hours today.
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"์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ํ•œ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:39
Maybe I can work tomorrow, but I don't know if and when yet."
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๋‚ด์ผ์€, ์•„์ง ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
00:42
And it's extraordinarily difficult for these people
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ผ์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:45
to find the work that they so often need very badly.
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์ •์ž‘ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
Which is a tragedy because there are employers
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฃผ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋„,
00:51
who can use pools of very flexible local people
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋”ฑ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ
00:54
booked completely ad hoc around when that person wants to work.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ˆ ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šธ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Imagine that you run a cafe.
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์นดํŽ˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:01
It's mid-morning, the place is filling up.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•„์นจ์ด๊ณ , ์นดํŽ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ๋น„๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
You're going to have a busy lunchtime rush.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ”์œ ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:04
If you could get two extra workers for 90 minutes
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋”ฑ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜๋งŒ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:07
to start in an hour's time,
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๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ์ผ์†์„ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
you'd do it, but they'd have to be reliable, inducted in how your cafe works.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์นดํŽ˜ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
They'd have to be available at very competitive rates.
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๋˜ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ์— ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:17
They'd have to be bookable in about the next minute.
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๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋” ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
In reality, no recruitment agency wants to handle that sort of business,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์€, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ค‘๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:24
so you are going to muddle by, understaffed.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ผ์†์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ฑ„ ํ—ˆ๋•์ด๊ณ  ๋ง ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
And it's not just caterers, it's hoteliers, it's retailers,
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์ด๊ฑด ์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜ธํ…” ๊ฒฝ์˜์ธ, ์†Œ๋งค์—…์ž๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:30
it's anyone who provides services to the public or businesses.
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๊ณต๊ณต ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
There's all sorts of organizations that can use these pools of very flexible people,
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์—…๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์ธ๋ ฅ ํ’€์€
01:37
possibly already once they've been inducted.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
At this level of the labor market,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋…ธ๋™ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:43
what you need is a marketplace for spare hours.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ '์งฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„'์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
They do exist. Here's how they work.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์žฅํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธธ ๋ณด์‹ค๊นŒ์š”?
01:48
So in this example, a distribution company has said,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š”, ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ํ†ต ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”.
01:52
we've got a rush order that we've got to get out of the warehouse tomorrow morning.
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'๋‚ด์ผ ์•„์นจ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ์ฐฝ๊ณ ์—์„œ ์ถœํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
01:55
Show us everyone who's available.
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'์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.'
01:57
It's found 31 workers.
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31๋ช…์ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Everybody on this screen is genuinely available at those specific hours tomorrow.
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋”ฑ ๋‚ด์ผ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
They're all contactable in time for this booking.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด์„œ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
02:04
They've all defined the terms on which they will accept bookings.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ”ผ๊ณ ์šฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด ๋†“๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
And this booking is within all the parameters for each individual.
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๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
And they would all be legally compliant by doing this booking.
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๋˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ•์  ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Of course, they're all trained to work in warehouses.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฐฝ๊ณ  ๊ทผ๋ฌด์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
02:16
You can select as many of them as you want.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์ค‘ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋งŒํผ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
They're from multiple agencies.
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋Œ€ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
02:20
It's calculated the charge rate for each person for this specific booking.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„ ์ง€๋ถˆ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
And it's monitoring their reliability.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
02:26
The people on the top row are the provenly reliable ones.
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๋งจ ์œ—์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
They're likely to be more expensive.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ์ด ๋” ๋น„์‹ผ ํŽธ์ด์ฃ .
02:31
In an alternative view of this pool of local, very flexible people,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋™ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ธ๋ ฅ ํ’€์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
02:34
here's a market research company,
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์‹œ์žฅ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
02:36
and it's inducted maybe 25 local people in how to do street interviewing.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 25๋ช…์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
And they've got a new campaign. They want to run it next week.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์žฅ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:42
And they're looking at how many of the people they've inducted
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•œ ์  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘
02:46
are available each hour next week.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด ์–ธ์ œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ ํ›„
02:48
And they'll then decide when to do their street interviews.
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์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
But is there more that could be done
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ธ๋™ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ
02:53
for this corner of the labor market?
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:55
Because right now there are so many people
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์š”์ฆˆ์Œ์—”, ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ผ๋„ ์–ป๊ณ ์žํ•˜๋Š”
02:58
who need whatever economic opportunity they can get.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
Let's make it personal.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:03
Imagine that a young woman -- base of the economic pyramid,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์ธต์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:06
very little prospect of getting a job --
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์ทจ์—… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
what economic activity could she theoretically engage in?
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ๋™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:12
Well, she might be willing to work odd hours
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ œ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:14
in a call center, in a reception area, in a mail room.
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์ฝœ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ผ๋“ ์ง€, ์ ‘์ˆ˜ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž ํ˜น์€ ์šฐํŽธ๋ฌผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
She may be interested in providing local services to her community:
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์•„๋งˆ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
03:21
babysitting, local deliveries, pet care.
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ํƒ์•„, ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ, ์• ์™„ ๋™๋ฌผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:24
She may have possessions that she would like to trade
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋”ฑํžˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„
03:27
at times she doesn't need them.
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๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:28
So she might have a sofa bed in her front room that she would like to let out.
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๊ฑฐ์‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์†ŒํŒŒ ์นจ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
She might have a bike, a video games console she only uses occasionally.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋”๋งŒ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ, ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ธฐ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
03:36
And you're probably thinking -- because you're all very web-aware --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
03:39
yes, and we're in the era of collaborative consumption,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:42
so she can go online and do all this.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๋‹ค ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
03:43
She can go to Airbnb to list her sofa bed,
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์†ŒํŒŒ ์นจ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Airbnb์— ์ ‘์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”,
03:46
she can go to TaskRabbit.com and say, "I want to do local deliveries," and so on.
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TaskRabbit.com์— "๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธ€์„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
These are good sites, but I believe we can go a step further.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ง ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
And the key to that is a philosophy that we call modern markets for all.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—๋Š” '๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‹œ์žฅ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊น”๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Markets have changed beyond recognition in the last 20 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
but only for organizations at the top of the economy.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ตœ์ƒ์ธต ์กฐ์ง๋“ค๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:10
If you're a Wall Street trader, you now take it for granted
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์›”๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
04:13
that you sell your financial assets in a system of markets
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์‹œ์žฅ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธˆ์œต์ž์‚ฐ์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
04:16
that identifies the most profitable opportunities for you in real time,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด์ต์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์กฐํšŒํ•˜๊ณ 
04:20
executes on that in microseconds within the boundaries you've set.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ •ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
It analyzes supply and demand and pricing
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ
04:27
and tells you where your next wave of opportunities are coming from.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ฃ .
04:29
It manages counterparty risk in incredibly sophisticated ways.
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๋˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
It's all extremely low overhead.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
What have we gained at the bottom of the economy
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํ•˜์œ„์ธต์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
04:38
in terms of markets in the last 20 years?
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์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:42
Basically classified adverts with a search facility.
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๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ตฌ์ธ, ๊ตฌ์ง ๊ด‘๊ณ  ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
So why do we have this disparity
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์™œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
04:50
between these incredibly sophisticated markets at the top of the economy
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ธต์˜ ์ž์›๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€
04:54
that are increasingly sucking more and more activity and resource
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ทนํ•œ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํผ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:57
out of the main economy into this rarefied level of trading,
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์ตœ์ƒ์œ„์ธต์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ •๊ตํ•ด์ง„ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ
05:01
and what the rest of us have?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
A modern market is more than a website;
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋ž€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ธ, ๊ตฌ์ง ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
it's a web of interoperable marketplaces,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์šด์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฅํ„ฐ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ด๋ฉฐ,
05:09
back office mechanisms, regulatory regimes,
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ํ›„์„  ์ง€์› ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜, ๊ทœ์ œ ์ œ๋„,
05:11
settlement mechanisms, liquidity sources and so on.
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๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ, ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ž์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
And when a Wall Street trader comes into work in the morning,
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๋˜, ์›”๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ธ์€ ์•„์นจ์— ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•ด์„œ
05:19
she does not write a listing for every financial derivative she wants to sell today
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๋‹น์ผ ํŒ”์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต ํŒŒ์ƒ์ƒํ’ˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ ์–ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€
05:25
and then post that listing on multiple websites
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๊ทธ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตฐ๋ฐ์˜ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ๋“ฑ๋กํ•˜๊ณ 
05:27
and wait for potential buyers to get in touch
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์ž ์žฌ์  ๊ตฌ๋งค์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ด ์˜ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ์ œ์•ผ
05:30
and start negotiating the terms on which she might trade.
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์„ฑ์‚ฌ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
In the early days of this modern markets technology,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธˆ์œต ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€
05:36
the financial institutions worked out
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์ƒˆ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœํŽธํ•ด์•ผ
05:38
how they could leverage their buying power, their back office processes,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ›„์„  ์ง€์› ์—…๋ฌด ์ƒ์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ,
05:42
their relationships, their networks
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
05:44
to shape these new markets that would create all this new activity.
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์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
They asked governments for supporting regulatory regimes,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋กœ์šด ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ถ€์— ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
05:52
and in a lot of cases they got it.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
But throughout the economy,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋„์ฒ˜์—๋Š”
05:57
there are facilities that could likewise leverage
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
05:59
a new generation of markets
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์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ
06:01
for the benefit of all of us.
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์ด์ต์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
And those facilities --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€
06:06
I'm talking about things like the mechanisms that prove our identity,
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์‹ ๋ถ„์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€,
06:09
the licensing authorities
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๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜
06:12
that know what each of us is allowed to do legally at any given time,
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๋ฒ•์  ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉดํ—ˆ ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰ ๋‹น๊ตญ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:15
the processes by which we resolve disputes through official channels.
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๊ณต์‹์  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
These mechanisms, these facilities
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€
06:22
are not in the gift of Craigslist or Gumtree or Yahoo,
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Craiglist๋‚˜ Gumtree, Yahoo์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์ธ, ๊ตฌ์ง ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:26
they're controlled by the state.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ†ต์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
And the policymakers who sit on top of them
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ธ ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค์€,
06:31
are, I suggest, simply not thinking about how those facilities could be used
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
06:38
to underpin a whole new era of markets.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
06:40
Like everyone else, those policymakers are taking it for granted
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ, ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋ž€
06:45
that modern markets are the preserve
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋จน๊ณ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ
06:47
of organizations powerful enough to create them for themselves.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ „์œ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Suppose we stopped taking that for granted.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋‹น์—ฐ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:59
Suppose tomorrow morning the prime minister of Britain or the president of the U.S.,
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๋‚ด์ผ ์•„์นจ์—, ์˜๊ตญ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น
07:02
or the leader of any other developed nation,
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ํ˜น์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€
07:04
woke up and said, "I'm never going to be able to create
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ๋Š๋‹ท์—†์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„  ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
07:08
all the jobs I need in the current climate.
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์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:10
I have got to focus on whatever economic opportunity I can get to my citizens.
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ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๊ตฌ์• ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
And for that they have to be able to access state-of-the-art markets.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ตœ์‹  ์‹œ์žฅ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ…๋ฐ,
07:19
How do I make that happen?"
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
07:22
And I think I can see a few eyes rolling.
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์ž, ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด ๋ˆˆ์„ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:25
Politicians in a big, complex, sophisticated I.T. project?
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณต์žก ๋‹ค๋‹จํ•œ IT ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋‹ˆ?
07:28
Oh, that's going to be a disaster waiting to happen.
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์•„, ์•ˆ ๋ด๋„ ์žฌ์•™์ผ ๊ฒŒ ๋ป”ํ•œ๊ฑธ!
07:32
Not necessarily.
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๊ผญ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
There is a precedent for technology-enabled service
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
that has been initiated by politicians in multiple countries
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋๊ณ ,
07:41
and has been hugely successful:
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌ๋‚˜ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ:
07:44
national lotteries.
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๋ณต๊ถŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
Let's take Britain as an example.
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์˜๊ตญ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
07:48
Our government didn't design the national lottery,
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์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๋ณต๊ถŒ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
it didn't fund the national lottery, it doesn't operate the national lottery.
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๋ณต๊ถŒ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ง€๋„, ์šด์˜ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์ฃ .
07:54
It simply passed the National Lottery Act and this is what followed.
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๋ณต๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
This act defines what a national lottery will look like.
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๋ณต๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๋ณต๊ถŒ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
It specifies certain benefits
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๋ณต๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ณต๊ถŒ ์šด์˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
08:04
that the state can uniquely bestow on the operators.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ง€์ •ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:07
And it puts some obligations on those operators.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šด์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
In terms of spreading gambling activity to the masses,
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๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋„๋ฐ• ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”
08:13
this was an unqualified success.
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๋ณต๊ถŒ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋ชป ๋ง๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
But let's suppose that our aim
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€
08:17
is to bring new economic activity to the base of the pyramid.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:21
Could we use the same model?
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์จ๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
08:23
I believe we could.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
So imagine that policymakers outlined a facility.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„๊นŒ ๊ทธ ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:29
Let's call it national e-markets, NEMs for short.
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๊ตญ์˜ E-์‹œ์žฅ, ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ NEM์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:33
Think of it as a regulated public utility.
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ต ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
08:35
So it's on a par with the water supply or the road network.
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ž์›๊ณต์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
And it's a series of markets for low-level trade
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๊ฐœ์ธ ํ˜น์€ ์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”
08:42
that can be fulfilled by a person or a small company.
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
08:45
And government has certain benefits
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ผ์ • ํŠนํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
08:48
it can uniquely bestow on these markets.
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์ด ์‹œ์žฅ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€์›์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
It's about public spending going through these markets
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์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๊ณต ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
08:53
to buy public services at the local level.
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋งค๋งค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
It's about interfacing these markets
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์‹œ์žฅ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ด€ํ•  ๋‚ด
08:57
direct into the highest official channels in the land.
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์ตœ์ƒ์œ„ ํ–‰์ • ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
It's about enshrining government's role as a publicist for these markets.
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™๋ณด ๋ฐ ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ์ฐฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋„ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
It's about deregulating some sectors
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๋˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํํ•˜์—ฌ
09:07
so that local people can enter them.
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์ง€์—ญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
So, taxi journeys might be one example.
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ํƒ์‹œ ์šด์ „์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
09:11
And there are certain obligations that should go with those benefits
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ๋“ค์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š”
09:16
to be placed on the operators,
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์šด์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
and the key one is, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:19
that the operators pay for everything,
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์šด์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
09:22
including all the interfacing into the public sector.
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๊ณต๊ณต ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋น„์šฉ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
So imagine that the operators make their return
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์šด์˜์ž๋Š” ๋งค ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„
09:28
by building a percentage markup into each transaction.
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์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:31
Imagine that there's a concession period
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์‚ฌ์—… ์–‘๋„์˜ ์œ ์˜ˆ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„
09:34
defined of maybe 15 years
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15๋…„ ์ •๋„ ๋‘์–ด
09:36
in which they can take all these benefits and run with them.
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์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์“ด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:41
And imagine that the consortia who bid to run it are told,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ปจ์†Œ์‹œ์—„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
09:44
whoever comes in at the lowest percentage markup on each transaction
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์งˆ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋งค๊ฒจ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ 
09:48
to fund the whole thing
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ œ๋ฐ˜ ์šด์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€
09:49
will get the deal.
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
So government then exits the frame.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์žฅ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์†์„ ๋–ผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
This is now in the hands of the consortium.
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ปจ์†Œ์‹œ์—„์˜ ์†์— ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:54
Either they are going to unlock an awful lot of economic opportunity
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋†“๊ณ 
09:57
and make a percentage on all of it
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์–ป๋“ 
09:59
or it's all going to crash and burn,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹ค ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€
10:00
which is tough on their shareholders.
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์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋“ 
10:02
It doesn't bother the taxpayer necessarily.
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๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž ์ž…์žฅ์—์„  ๊ผญ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
And there would be no constraints on alternative markets.
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๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
So this would just be one more choice
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์ด๊ฑด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํฌ๋Ÿผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘
10:11
among millions of Internet forums.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์„ ํƒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
But it could be very different,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ,
10:17
because having access to those state-backed facilities
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
10:20
could incentivize this consortium
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์ด ์ปจ์†Œ์‹œ์—„์„
10:23
to seriously invest in the service.
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์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
Because they would have to get a lot of these small transactions going
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์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋“ค์„
10:28
to start making their return.
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์ˆ˜์—†์ด ์„ฑ์‚ฌ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•  ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:30
So we're talking about sectors like home hair care,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์—๋Š” ์˜์„ธ ๋ฏธ์šฉ์‹ค, ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ ๋Œ€์—ฌ,
10:35
the hire of toys, farm work,
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๋†์žฅ ์ผ, ์˜๋ฅ˜ ๋Œ€์—ฌ,
10:38
hire of clothes even, meals delivered to your door,
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์Œ์‹ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ, ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค,
10:42
services for tourists, home care.
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์žฌํƒ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
This would be a world of very small trades, but very well-informed,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
because national e-markets will deliver data.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ NEM์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:55
So this is a local person
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๋ณด๋ชจ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ ์ค‘์ธ
10:57
potentially deciding whether to enter the babysitting market.
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ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
And they might be aware that they would have to fund vetting and training
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์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ ์‹ ์› ์กฐํšŒ์™€ ์ง์—… ํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„
11:03
if they wanted to go into that market.
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๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
They'd have to do assessment interviews with local parents
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์ž์‹๋“ค์„ ๋งก๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
11:07
who wanted a pool of babysitters.
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๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
11:09
Is it worth their while?
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
11:10
Should they be looking at other sectors?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ผ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:12
Should they be moving to another part of the country
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๋ณด๋ชจ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ
11:14
where there's a shortage of babysitters?
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์ด์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
11:16
This kind of data can become routine.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
And this data can be used by investors.
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์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ์ •๋ณด์ฃ .
11:20
So if there's a problem with a shortage of babysitters in some parts of the country
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ณด๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:23
and the problem is nobody can afford the vetting and training,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์› ์กฐํšŒ์™€ ์ง์—… ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋งŒํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
11:26
an investor can pay for it
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ 
11:28
and the system will tithe back the enhanced earnings of the individuals
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ๋ณด๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ž…์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
for maybe the next two years.
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ํ•œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
This is a world of atomized capitalism.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ตํ™”๋œ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
So it's small trades by small people,
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹์ด์ง€๋งŒ
11:38
but it's very informed, safe, convenient, low-overhead and immediate.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ , ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
Some rough research suggests this could unlock
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐœ๋žต์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
11:48
around 100 million pounds' worth a day of new economic activity
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ ๋งŒํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
11:52
in a country the size of the U.K.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ 100๋งŒ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ ์ƒ๋‹น์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Does that sound improbable to you?
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์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ์™€ ๋‹ฟ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:57
That's what a lot of people said about turbo trading
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20๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธˆ์œต ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ 'ํ„ฐ๋ณด ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋”ฉ'๋„
12:01
in financial exchanges 20 years ago.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
Do not underestimate the transformative power
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„
12:07
of truly modern markets.
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๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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