Carne Ross: An independent diplomat

37,826 views ใƒป 2010-09-09

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Oren Szekatch ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
My story is a little bit about war.
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืขื•ืกืง ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”.
00:19
It's about disillusionment.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช.
00:21
It's about death.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื•ื•ืช.
00:23
And it's about rediscovering
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ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
00:25
idealism
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ืฉืœ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื–ื
00:27
in all of that wreckage.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
00:29
And perhaps also, there's a lesson
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ
00:31
about how to deal with
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ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ ืขื
00:33
our screwed-up, fragmenting
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ืขื•ืœืžื ื• ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœ, ื”ืžืคื•ืฆืœ
00:36
and dangerous world of the 21st century.
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ื•ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21.
00:40
I don't believe in straightforward narratives.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื.
00:43
I don't believe in a life or history
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
00:45
written as decision "A" led to consequence "B"
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ืฉืžืชื ื”ืœื™ื ื›ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื' ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื‘'.
00:48
led to consequence "C" --
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื’' --
00:50
these neat narratives that we're presented with,
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืœื ื•,
00:52
and that perhaps we encourage in each other.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื ื‘ื ื™ื ื•.
00:55
I believe in randomness,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื ื“ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช,
00:57
and one of the reasons I believe that
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืœื–ื”
00:59
is because me becoming a diplomat was random.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืฆื ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื™ ืœื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจื ื“ื•ืžืœื™ืช.
01:02
I'm colorblind.
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ืื ื™ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื.
01:04
I was born unable to see most colors.
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ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ืœืœื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื.
01:06
This is why I wear gray and black most of the time,
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืื ื™ ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืคื•ืจ ื•ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
01:09
and I have to take my wife with me
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืื™ืฉืชื™ ืื™ืชื™
01:11
to chose clothes.
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ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื.
01:14
And I'd always wanted to be a fighter pilot when I was a boy.
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ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ื™ืœื“, ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ื™ืก ืงืจื‘.
01:17
I loved watching planes barrel over
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ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืžืขืœ
01:19
our holiday home in the countryside.
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื™.
01:22
And it was my boyhood dream to be a fighter pilot.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ื ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ื™ืก ืงืจื‘.
01:25
And I did the tests in the Royal Air Force to become a pilot,
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ื™ืก,
01:28
and sure enough, I failed.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื ื›ืฉืœืชื™.
01:30
I couldn't see all the blinking different lights,
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืจืฆื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
01:32
and I can't distinguish color.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื.
01:34
So I had to choose another career,
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ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช,
01:36
and this was in fact relatively easy for me,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ ืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™,
01:39
because I had an abiding passion all the way through my childhood,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืœื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืžืชืžื“ืช,
01:42
which was international relations.
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
01:44
As a child,
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ืœื“,
01:46
I read the newspaper thoroughly.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ืจื™ื•.
01:49
I was fascinated by the Cold War,
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ื”ื•ืงืกืžืชื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื”,
01:51
by the INF negotiations
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ื•ืžื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”- INF
01:53
over intermediate-range nuclear missiles,
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ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื˜ื™ืœื™ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™,
01:56
the proxy war between the Soviet Union and the U.S.
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ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืขืงื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื”"ืž ืœืืจื”"ื‘
01:59
in Angola or Afghanistan.
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ื‘ืื ื’ื•ืœื” ืื• ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ.
02:02
These things really interested me.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืืžืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™.
02:05
And so I decided quite at an early age
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ
02:07
I wanted to be a diplomat.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜.
02:09
And I, one day, I announced this to my parents --
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ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขืชื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื™ --
02:12
and my father denies this story to this day --
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ื•ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” --
02:14
I said, "Daddy, I want to be a diplomat."
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ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ "ืื‘ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜."
02:16
And he turned to me, and he said,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื ื” ืœืขื‘ืจื™, ื•ืืžืจ,
02:18
"Carne, you have to be very clever to be a diplomat."
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"ืงืืจืŸ, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื— ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜."
02:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:22
And my ambition was sealed.
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ื•ืฉืื™ืคืชื™ ื ื—ืชืžื”.
02:25
In 1989,
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1989,
02:27
I entered the British Foreign Service.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™.
02:30
That year, 5,000 people applied to become a diplomat,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” 5,000 ืื™ืฉ ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜,
02:32
and 20 of us succeeded.
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ื•ืขืฉืจื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื ื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•.
02:35
And as those numbers suggest,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื,
02:38
I was inducted into an elite
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ื”ืชืงื‘ืœืชื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื™ืœื™ืช
02:41
and fascinating and exhilarating world.
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ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืจืชืง ื•ืžืœื”ื™ื‘.
02:45
Being a diplomat, then and now,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜, ื’ื ืื– ื•ื’ื ื›ื™ื•ื,
02:47
is an incredible job, and I loved every minute of it --
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ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื“ืงื” ืžืžื ื”.
02:50
I enjoyed the status of it.
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ื ื”ื ืชื™ ืžื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืงื”.
02:52
I bought myself a nice suit and wore leather-soled shoes
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ืงื ื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื ื—ืžื“ื” ื•ื ืขืœืชื™ ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืกื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจ
02:55
and reveled in
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ื•ื”ืชืขื ื’ืชื™ ืขืœ
02:57
this amazing access I had to world events.
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ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื™ื ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื.
03:00
I traveled to the Gaza Strip.
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ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”.
03:02
I headed the Middle East Peace Process section
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ืขืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
03:04
in the British Foreign Ministry.
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ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™.
03:06
I became a speechwriter
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ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื ืื•ืžื™ื
03:08
for the British Foreign Secretary.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™
03:10
I met Yasser Arafat.
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ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื™ืืกืจ ืขืจืืคืช.
03:12
I negotiated
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ื ื™ื”ืœืชื™ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ
03:14
with Saddam's diplomats at the U.N.
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ืขื ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืื“ื ื‘ืื•"ื.
03:17
Later, I traveled to Kabul
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ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš, ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืงืื‘ื•ืœ
03:19
and served in Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban.
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ื•ืฉื™ืจืชืชื™ ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื ืคื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืืœื™ื‘ืŸ.
03:22
And I would travel
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื˜ืก
03:24
in a C-130 transport
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ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก ืชื•ื‘ืœื” C-130
03:27
and go and visit warlords
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ืœื‘ืงืจ ืฉืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”
03:29
in mountain hideaways
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ื‘ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืจื™ื
03:31
and negotiate with them
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ื•ืœื ื”ืœ ืื™ืชื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ
03:33
about how we were going to eradicate Al Qaeda from Afghanistan,
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžื’ืจ ืืช ืืœ-ืงืืขื™ื“ื” ืžืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ,
03:36
surrounded by my Special Forces escort,
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ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื,
03:39
who, themselves, had to have an escort of a platoon of Royal Marines,
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ืืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืงื” ืžื—ื™ืœ ื”ืžืจื™ื ืก ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™,
03:42
because it was so dangerous.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
03:44
And that was exciting -- that was fun.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื’ืฉ. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฃ.
03:47
It was really interesting.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
03:49
And it's a great cadre of people,
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ื•ืกื’ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ,
03:51
incredibly close-knit community of people.
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ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžืœื•ื›ื“ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“.
03:54
And the pinnacle of my career, as it turned out,
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ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ,
03:57
was when I was posted to New York.
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ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง.
04:00
I'd already served in Germany, Norway,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืจืชืชื™ ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื‘ื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ื”,
04:02
various other places,
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ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
04:04
but I was posted to New York
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืฆื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง
04:06
to serve on the U.N. Security Council for the British delegation.
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ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•"ื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช.
04:09
And my responsibility was the Middle East,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
04:11
which was my specialty.
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
04:13
And there, I dealt with things
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ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืขืกืงืชื™ ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
04:15
like the Middle East peace process,
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ื›ืžื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
04:17
the Lockerbie issue --
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ื•ืžืงืจื” ืœื•ืงืจื‘ื™ --
04:19
we can talk about that later, if you wish --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ืื ืชื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื --
04:22
but above all, my responsibility was Iraq
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ืืš ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ, ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื™ืจืง
04:24
and its weapons of mass destruction
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ื•ื”ื ืฉืง ืœื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”
04:26
and the sanctions we placed on Iraq
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ื•ื”ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืขืœ ืขื™ืจืง
04:28
to oblige it to disarm itself of these weapons.
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืคืจื•ืง ืžืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื ืฉืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
04:32
I was the chief British negotiator
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ
04:34
on the subject,
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”,
04:36
and I was steeped in the issue.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจื” ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
04:39
And anyway,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”,
04:42
my tour -- it was kind of a very exciting time.
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ื”ืกื‘ื‘ ืฉืœื™ -- ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื’ืฉืช.
04:45
I mean it was very dramatic diplomacy.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.
04:48
We went through several wars
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ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช
04:50
during my time in New York.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง.
04:53
I negotiated for my country
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ื ื™ื”ืœืชื™ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ืชื™
04:55
the resolution in the Security Council
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
04:57
of the 12th of September 2001
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ื‘ 12 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2001
04:59
condemning the attacks of the day before,
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ืืฉืจ ื’ื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื,
05:02
which were, of course, deeply present to us
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžืื•ื“ ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•
05:04
actually living in New York at the time.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
05:07
So it was kind of the best of time, worst of times
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื,
05:09
kind of experience.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื.
05:11
I lived the high-life.
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ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
05:13
Although I worked very long hours,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช,
05:15
I lived in a penthouse in Union Square.
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ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืคื ื˜ื”ืื•ื– ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืŸ.
05:17
I was a single British diplomat in New York City;
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ ืจื•ื•ืง ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง;
05:20
you can imagine what that might have meant.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
05:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:25
I had a good time.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
05:27
But in 2002,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2002,
05:29
when my tour came to an end,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกื‘ื‘ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื ืœืกื™ื•ืžื•,
05:32
I decided I wasn't going to go back
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื—ื–ืจื”
05:35
to the job that was waiting for me in London.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื—ื™ื›ืชื” ืœื™ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ.
05:37
I decided to take a sabbatical,
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืฉื ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืŸ
05:39
in fact, at the New School, Bruce.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืจื•ืก.
05:42
In some inchoate, inarticulate way
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื”,
05:45
I realized that there was something wrong
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื›ื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ
05:47
with my work, with me.
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ืขื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™, ืื™ืชื™.
05:49
I was exhausted,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืชืฉ,
05:51
and I was also disillusioned
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ื•ื›ืžื•-ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘
05:53
in a way I couldn't quite put my finger on.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื”.
05:55
And I decided to take some time out from work.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืคืกืง ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
05:58
The Foreign Office was very generous.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ื“ื™ื‘.
06:00
You could take these special unpaid leave, as they called them,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื•ืช ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื - ื›ืš ื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื”,
06:02
and yet remain part of the diplomatic service, but not actually do any work.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืœืœ.
06:05
It was nice.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืžื“.
06:07
And eventually, I decided
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™
06:09
to take a secondment to join the U.N. in Kosovo,
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ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื•"ื ื‘ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•,
06:14
which was then under U.N. administration.
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืชื—ืช ืื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•"ื.
06:17
And two things happened in Kosovo,
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ื•ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืจื• ื‘ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•,
06:19
which kind of, again,
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ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ื‘
06:21
shows the randomness of life,
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ื”ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืจื ื“ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
06:23
because these things turned out to be
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
06:25
two of the pivots of my life
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ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ืจื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™
06:27
and helped to deliver me to the next stage.
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ื•ืขื–ืจื• ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
06:30
But they were random things.
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ืืš ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื ื“ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื.
06:32
One was that, in the summer of 2004,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ื, ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 2004,
06:35
the British government, somewhat reluctantly,
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื,
06:37
decided to have an official inquiry
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ืœืขืจื•ืš ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช
06:39
into the use of intelligence on WMD
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉืง ืœื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช
06:41
in the run up to the Iraq War,
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ืฉืงื“ื ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื™ืจืง,
06:44
a very limited subject.
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ื ื•ืฉื ืžืื•ื“ ืจื’ื™ืฉ.
06:46
And I testified to that inquiry in secret.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืขื“ืชื™ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื‘ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช
06:49
I had been steeped in the intelligence on Iraq
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื™ื“ืข ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืจืง
06:52
and its WMD,
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ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ืœื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”,
06:54
and my testimony to the inquiry said three things:
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ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืืžืจื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
06:57
that the government exaggerated the intelligence,
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ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื’ื–ื™ืžื” ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื”,
07:00
which was very clear in all the years I'd read it.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ.
07:03
And indeed, our own internal assessment was very clear
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ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช
07:06
that Iraq's WMD
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ืฉื”ื ืฉืง ืœื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจืง
07:08
did not pose a threat to its neighbors, let alone to us.
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ืœื ืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื›ื ื™ื•, ืฉืœื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืขืœื™ื ื•.
07:11
Secondly, the government had ignored all available alternatives to war,
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืขืœืžื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื”,
07:14
which in some ways
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช
07:16
was a more discreditable thing still.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ืฉ ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš.
07:19
The third reason, I won't go into.
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ืœืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืื ื™ ืœื ืื›ื ืก.
07:21
But anyway, I gave that testimony,
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ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืื ื™ ื”ืขื“ืชื™ ,
07:23
and that presented me with a crisis.
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ.
07:25
What was I going to do?
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ืžื” ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
07:27
This testimony was deeply critical of my colleagues,
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ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื™ืงืจื” ืงืฉื•ืช ืืช ืขืžื™ืชื™ื™,
07:30
of my ministers, who had, in my view
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ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœื™, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™,
07:32
had perpetrated a war on a falsehood.
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ื“ื™ืจื‘ื ื• ืืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื‘ื“ื™ื™ื”.
07:35
And so I was in crisis.
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ.
07:37
And this wasn't a pretty thing.
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืคื” ืœืขื™ืŸ.
07:39
I moaned about it, I hesitated,
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ื ืื ื—ืชื™ ื•ื”ื™ืกืกืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”,
07:41
I went on and on and on to my long-suffering wife,
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ื”ืชืœื•ื ื ืชื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืื™ืฉืชื™ ืฉืกื‘ืœื” ืžื›ืœ,
07:45
and eventually I decided to resign from the British Foreign Service.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™.
07:48
I felt -- there's a scene in the Al Pacino movie "The Insider," which you may know,
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ -- ื™ืฉ ืกืฆื ื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื‘ื• ืžืฉื—ืง ืืœ ืคืฆ'ื™ื ื• "ื”ืžืงื•ืจ", ืฉืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื,
07:52
where he goes back to CBS
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ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœ ื” - CBS
07:54
after they've let him down over the tobacco guy,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ืื™ื›ื–ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื‘ืง,
07:57
and he goes, "You know, I just can't do this anymore. Something's broken."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ " ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžืฉื”ื• ื ืฉื‘ืจ."
08:00
And it was like that for me. I love that movie.
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื™. ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
08:02
I felt just something's broken.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื ืฉื‘ืจ.
08:04
I can't actually sit with my foreign minister
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœื™
08:06
or my prime minister again with a smile on my face
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ืื• ืขื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื ื—ื™ื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ
08:08
and do what I used to do gladly for them.
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื“ ืื– ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
08:11
So took a running leap
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ืื– ืœืงื—ืชื™ ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื”
08:14
and jumped over the edge of a cliff.
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ื•ืงืคืฆืชื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงืฆื” ื”ืฆื•ืง.
08:17
And it was a very, very uncomfortable, unpleasant feeling.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื ื•ื—ื”, ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื”.
08:21
And I started to fall.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ.
08:23
And today, that fall hasn't stopped;
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ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืคื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืคืกืงื”;
08:26
I'm still falling.
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ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืคืœ.
08:28
But, in a way, I've got used to the sensation of it.
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ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ื”ืชืจื’ืœืชื™ ืœืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•.
08:31
And in a way, I kind of like
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘
08:33
the sensation of it a lot better
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ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:35
than I like actually standing on top of the cliff,
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืงืฆื” ื”ืฆื•ืง,
08:37
wondering what to do.
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ืชื•ื”ื” ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
08:39
A second thing happened in Kosovo,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•,
08:41
which kind of -- I need a quick gulp of water, forgive me.
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ืืฉืจ -- ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ื™ืžื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื, ืกืœื—ื• ืœื™.
08:46
A second thing happened in Kosovo,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•,
08:48
which kind of delivered the answer,
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ืฉื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื”,
08:50
which I couldn't really answer,
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ืขืœื™ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื™,
08:53
which is, "What do I do with my life?"
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื”, "ืžื” ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื—ื™ื™?"
08:57
I love diplomacy --
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื”.
08:59
I have no career --
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”.
09:01
I expected my entire life to be a diplomat, to be serving my country.
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ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜, ื•ื›ื™ ืืฉืจืช ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืชื™.
09:04
I wanted to be an ambassador,
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ,
09:06
and my mentors, my heroes,
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ื•ืžื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™,
09:08
people who got to the top of my profession,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื™,
09:10
and here I was throwing it all away.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ืจืงืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
09:12
A lot of my friends were still in it.
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื.
09:14
My pension was in it.
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ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื–ื”.
09:16
And I gave it up.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืชืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ.
09:18
And what was I going to do?
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ื•ืžื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
09:20
And that year, in Kosovo,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•,
09:22
this terrible, terrible thing happened, which I saw.
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ืงืจื” ืžืงืจื” ื ื•ืจื ืžืžืฉ ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื“.
09:25
In March 2004, there were terrible riots
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ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2004, ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืจืื™ื•ืช
09:27
all over the province -- as it then was -- of Kosovo.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื•ื—ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ื– - ืืฉืจ ืื– ื”ื™ื” -- ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•
09:30
18 people were killed.
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18 ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ืจื’ื•.
09:32
It was anarchy.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื ืจื›ื™ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช.
09:34
And it's a very horrible thing to see anarchy,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื•ืจื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืจื›ื™ื” ืžืฉืชื•ืœืœืช,
09:36
to know that the police and the military --
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ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ืฆื‘ื --
09:38
there were lots of military troops there --
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ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื --
09:40
actually can't stop that rampaging mob
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ืขื
09:42
who's coming down the street.
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ืืฉืจ ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘.
09:44
And the only way that rampaging mob coming down the street will stop
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ืขื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื™ื™ืขืฆืจ
09:47
is when they decide to stop
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืขืฆืžื ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ
09:49
and when they've had enough burning and killing.
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื”ื ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืฆื™ื—ื•ืช.
09:51
And that is not a very nice feeling to see, and I saw it.
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ื•ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื ื—ืžื“ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
09:54
And I went through it. I went through those mobs.
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ื•ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื“ืจืš ื–ื”. ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื“ืจืš ืื•ืชื ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื.
09:57
And with my Albanian friends, we tried to stop it, but we failed.
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ื•ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื™ ื”ืืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื, ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืœื ื•.
10:00
And that riot taught me something,
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ื•ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื•,
10:03
which isn't immediately obvious and it's kind of a complicated story.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืืœื™ื• ื•ืงืฆืช ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืœืชืคื•ืก.
10:06
But one of the reasons that riot took place --
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ืืš ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื” --
10:08
those riots, which went on for several days, took place --
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ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืœืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื --
10:10
was because the Kosovo people
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•
10:12
were disenfranchised from their own future.
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ื ืฉืœืœื” ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื”ื.
10:16
There were diplomatic negotiations about the future of Kosovo
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ื”ืชื ื”ืœื• ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•
10:19
going on then,
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ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืื–,
10:21
and the Kosovo government, let alone the Kosovo people,
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ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•, ื•ืฉืœื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•,
10:23
were not actually
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื
10:25
participating in those talks.
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ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
10:27
There was this whole fancy diplomatic system,
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ื”ืชื ื”ืœื” ืœื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœืžื”,
10:30
this negotiation process about the future of Kosovo,
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•,
10:33
and the Kosovars weren't part of it.
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ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื”.
10:35
And funnily enough, they were frustrated about that.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืคืชื™ืข, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœื™ื ืžื›ืš.
10:38
Those riots were part of the manifestation of that frustration.
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ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืชืกื›ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”
10:41
It wasn't the only reason,
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ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”,
10:43
and life is not simple, one reason narratives.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช.
10:45
It was a complicated thing,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš,
10:47
and I'm not pretending it was more simple than it was.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื”.
10:49
But that was one of the reasons.
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ืืš ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
10:51
And that kind of gave me the inspiration --
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” --
10:53
or rather to be precise,
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ืื• ืื ืœื“ื™ื™ืง,
10:55
it gave my wife the inspiration.
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ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœืื™ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”.
10:57
She said, "Why don't you advise the Kosovars?
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” "ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•?
11:00
Why don't you advise their government on their diplomacy?"
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ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœืžืžืฉืœืชื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื?"
11:03
And the Kosovars were not allowed a diplomatic service.
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ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื• ืœื ื”ื•ืจืฉื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™.
11:05
They were not allowed diplomats.
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ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื.
11:07
They were not allowed a foreign office
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจืฉืื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื•ืฅ
11:09
to help them deal with this immensely complicated process,
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ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืขื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื”ื–ื”,
11:12
which became known as the Final Status Process of Kosovo.
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ืืฉืจ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืฉื ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•.
11:15
And so that was the idea.
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ืื ื›ืš, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
11:17
That was the origin of the thing that became Independent Diplomat,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื  ืขืฆืžืื™ืช,
11:19
the world's first diplomatic advisory group
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืขืกืงื” ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™
11:22
and a non-profit to boot.
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืœื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ืช.
11:24
And it began when I flew back from London
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื˜ืกืชื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ
11:27
after my time at the U.N. in Kosovo.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื•"ื ื‘ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•.
11:30
I flew back and had dinner with the Kosovo prime minister and said to him,
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ื˜ืกืชื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืกืขื“ืชื™ ืขื ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื• ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื•,
11:33
"Look, I'm proposing that I come and advise you on the diplomacy.
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"ืจืื”, ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืฉืื ื™ ืื‘ื•ื ื•ืืขื™ื™ืฅ ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื”.
11:36
I know this stuff. It's what I do. Why don't I come and help you?"
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”. ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืื‘ื•ื ื•ืืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš?"
11:39
And he raised his glass of raki to me and said,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืก ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื•ืืžืจ,
11:41
"Yes, Carne. Come."
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"ื›ืŸ. ื‘ื•ื. ื‘ื•ื."
11:43
And I came to Kosovo
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ื•ื‘ืืชื™ ืœืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•
11:45
and advised the Kosovo government.
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ื•ื™ื™ืขืฆืชื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœืช ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•.
11:47
Independent Diplomat ended up advising three successive Kosovo prime ministers
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ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืขืฆื” ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจืืฉื™-ืžืžืฉืœื” ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•
11:50
and the multi-party negotiation team of Kosovo.
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ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืจื‘ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•.
11:53
And Kosovo became independent.
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ื•ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืขืฆืžืื™ืช.
11:56
Independent Diplomat is now established
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ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื›ืขืช
11:59
in five diplomatic centers around the world,
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ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
12:01
and we're advising seven or eight
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ื•ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืข ืื• ืฉืžื•ื ื”
12:03
different countries, or political groups,
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช,
12:06
depending on how you wish to define them --
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ืชืœื•ื™ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืืช --
12:08
and I'm not big on definitions.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช.
12:10
We're advising the Northern Cypriots on how to reunify their island.
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ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงืคืจื™ืกืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœืื—ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
12:13
We're advising the Burmese opposition,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ืœืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืจื•ืžื–ื™ืช,
12:15
the government of Southern Sudan,
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ืžืžืฉืœืช ื“ืจื•ื ืกื•ื“ืŸ,
12:17
which -- you heard it here first --
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ืืฉืจ -- ืฉืžืขืชื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” --
12:19
is going to be a new country within the next few years.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
12:23
We're advising the Polisario Front of the Western Sahara,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ืœื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกืืจื™ื• ืžืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืกื”ืจื”,
12:26
who are fighting to get their country back
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ืืฉืจ ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืชื
12:28
from Moroccan occupation
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ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืจื•ืงืื™ืช
12:30
after 34 years of dispossession.
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ืœืื—ืจ 34 ืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™.
12:33
We're advising various island states in the climate change negotiations,
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ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ืœืžืกืคืจ ืื™ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ืžื™
12:36
which is suppose to culminate
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ืืฉืจ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ
12:38
in Copenhagen.
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ื‘ืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ.
12:41
There's a bit of randomness here too
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืขื˜ ืจื ื“ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช
12:43
because, when I was beginning Independent Diplomat,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืขื ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ืช,
12:45
I went to a party in the House of Lords,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ืจื“ื™ื,
12:47
which is a ridiculous place,
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ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ื—ืš,
12:49
but I was holding my drink like this, and I bumped into
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืงืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืš, ื•ื ืชืงืœืชื™
12:51
this guy who was standing behind me.
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ื‘ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืขืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื™.
12:53
And we started talking, and he said --
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ --
12:55
I told him what I was doing,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”,
12:57
and I told him rather grandly
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• ื“ื™ ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ื•ืช
12:59
I was going to establish Independent Diplomat in New York.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคืชื•ื— ืžื•ืกื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง.
13:01
At that time there was just me --
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ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืื ื™,
13:03
and me and my wife were moving back to New York.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื•ืื™ืฉืชื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง.
13:05
And he said, "Why don't you see my colleagues in New York?"
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ "ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืชืจืื” ืืช ืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง?"
13:08
And it turned out
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ื•ื”ืกืชื‘ืจ
13:10
he worked for an innovation company called ?What If!,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ?ืžื” ืื!
13:12
which some of you have probably heard of.
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ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืงื›ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœื™ื”.
13:14
And one thing led to another,
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ,
13:16
and I ended up having a desk
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ
13:18
in ?What If! in New York,
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ื‘?ืžื” ืื! ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง,
13:20
when I started Independent Diplomat.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ืช.
13:22
And watching ?What If!
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ืชื™ ื‘?ืžื” ืื!
13:24
develop new flavors of chewing gum for Wrigley
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ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืžื™ ืœืขื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืจื’ืœื™
13:26
or new flavors for Coke
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ืื• ื˜ืขืžื™ ืงื•ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
13:28
actually helped me innovate
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื–ืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื•ืœื—ื“ืฉ
13:30
new strategies for the Kosovars
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ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•
13:32
and for the Saharawis of the Western Sahara.
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืืจืื•ื•ื™ื– ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืกื”ืจื”.
13:35
And I began to realize that there are different ways of doing diplomacy --
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื”,
13:38
that diplomacy, like business,
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ืฉื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื,
13:40
is a business of solving problems,
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ื”ื™ื ืขืกืง ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช,
13:42
and yet the word innovation doesn't exist in diplomacy;
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื”;
13:45
it's all zero sum games and realpolitik
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ืกื›ื•ื ืืคืก ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืจื™ืืœื™ืช
13:48
and ancient institutions that have been there for generations
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ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ื•ืจื•ืช
13:51
and do things the same way they've always done things.
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ื•ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื• ืชืžื™ื“.
13:54
And Independent Diplomat, today,
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ื•ื›ื™ื•ื, ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช.
13:56
tries to incorporate some of the things I learned at ?What If!.
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ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘?ืžื” ืื!.
13:59
We all sit in one office and shout at each other across the office.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“
14:02
We all work on little laptops and try to move desks to change the way we think.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ื™ืฉืื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ืชื™ื ื•.
14:05
And we use naive experts
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืชืžื™ืžื™ื
14:07
who may know nothing about the countries we're dealing with,
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื ื™ื,
14:10
but may know something about something else
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ืืš ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช
14:12
to try to inject new thinking
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ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืœื”ื–ืจื™ืง ืงื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉ
14:14
into the problems
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ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
14:16
that we try to address for our clients.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•.
14:18
It's not easy, because our clients, by definition,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืงืœ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื,
14:20
are having a difficult time, diplomatically.
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื–ืžื ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื, ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.
14:25
There are, I don't know,
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ื™ืฉื ื, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข,
14:27
some lessons from all of this,
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ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื–ื”,
14:30
personal and political --
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ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื --
14:32
and in a way, they're the same thing.
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
14:35
The personal one
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™
14:37
is falling off a cliff
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคื™ืœื” ืžื”ืฆื•ืง
14:39
is actually a good thing, and I recommend it.
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœื™ื•.
14:43
And it's a good thing to do at least once in your life
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš
14:45
just to tear everything up and jump.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืงืจื•ืข ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืœืงืคื•ืฅ.
14:49
The second thing is a bigger lesson about the world today.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื.
14:52
Independent Diplomat is part of a trend
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ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื’ืžื”
14:55
which is emerging and evident across the world,
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ืืฉืจ ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
14:58
which is that the world is fragmenting.
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ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืžืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืคืฆืœ.
15:01
States mean less than they used to,
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
15:04
and the power of the state is declining.
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ื•ื›ื•ื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื”.
15:06
That means the power of others things is rising.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื”.
15:08
Those other things are called non-state actors.
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ืืœื• ื ืงืจืื™ื ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืœื-ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื.
15:10
They may be corporations,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื,
15:12
they may be mafiosi, they may be nice NGOs,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื”, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื,
15:15
they may anything,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
15:17
any number of things.
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ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื.
15:19
We are living in a more complicated and fragmented world.
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ืื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ืฆืœ.
15:22
If governments are less able
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ืื ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืคื—ื•ืช
15:24
to affect the problems
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ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
15:26
that affect us in the world,
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ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
15:29
then that means, who is left to deal with them,
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ืื– ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื, ืžื™ ื ืฉืืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื,
15:32
who has to take greater responsibility to deal with them?
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ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื?
15:34
Us.
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ืื ื—ื ื•.
15:36
If they can't do it, who's left to deal with it?
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ืื ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืžื™ ื ืฉืืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืš?
15:39
We have no choice but to embrace that reality.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืืœื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
15:42
What this means is
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื”
15:44
it's no longer good enough
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ืฉื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘
15:47
to say that international relations, or global affairs,
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ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื,
15:50
or chaos in Somalia,
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ืื• ื”ื›ืื•ืก ื‘ืกื•ืžืœื™ื”,
15:52
or what's going on in Burma is none of your business,
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ืื• ืฉืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืกืง ืฉืœื›ื,
15:55
and that you can leave it to governments to get on with.
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ื•ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืคืœื• ื‘ื–ื”.
15:58
I can connect any one of you
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื
16:00
by six degrees of separation
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ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืจืžืช ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื“ืจื’ื•ืช
16:02
to the Al-Shabaab militia in Somalia.
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ืœืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืช ืืœ-ืกืื‘ืืื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืžืœื™ื”.
16:05
Ask me how later, particularly if you eat fish, interestingly enough,
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ืชืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืืชื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื’ื™ื, ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื“ื™,
16:09
but that connection is there.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ืฉื.
16:11
We are all intimately connected.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช.
16:13
And this isn't just Tom Friedman,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ,
16:15
it's actually provable in case after case after case.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ืืช ืžืงืจื” ืื—ืจ ืžืงืจื” ืื—ืจ ืžืงืจื”.
16:18
What that means is, instead of asking your politicians to do things,
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื”, ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
16:21
you have to look to yourself to do things.
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ืืชื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
16:24
And Independent Diplomat is a kind of example of this
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ื•ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืกื•ื’ ืฉื›ื–ื”
16:26
in a sort of loose way.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื™ ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
16:28
There aren't neat examples, but one example is this:
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ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื•ืช ื ืงื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื•:
16:31
the way the world is changing
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื
16:33
is embodied in what's going on at the place I used to work --
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ืžื’ื•ืœืžืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ื
16:35
the U.N. Security Council.
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ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื.
16:37
The U.N. was established in 1945.
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ื”ืื•"ื ื ื•ืกื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1945.
16:40
Its charter is basically designed
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ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ืœืžืขืฉื”
16:42
to stop conflicts between states --
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช --
16:44
interstate conflict.
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ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
16:46
Today, 80 percent of the agenda
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ื›ื™ื•ื, 80 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืŸ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื
16:48
of the U.N. Security Council
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ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื
16:50
is about conflicts within states,
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ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
16:52
involving non-state parties --
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ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืœื ืžื“ื™ื ื” --
16:54
guerillas, separatists,
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ืจื™ืœื”, ื‘ื“ืœื ื™ื
16:56
terrorists, if you want to call them that,
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ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื, ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื”ื ื›ืš,
16:58
people who are not normal governments, who are not normal states.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช.
17:01
That is the state of the world today.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
17:04
When I realized this,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื–ืืช,
17:06
and when I look back on my time at the Security Council
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ืžื ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
17:09
and what happened with the Kosovars,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืขื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•,
17:11
and I realize that often
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื›ื™ ืœืจื•ื‘
17:13
the people who were most directly affected
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช
17:15
by what we were doing in the Security Council
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ื™ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
17:17
weren't actually there, weren't actually invited
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ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื• ืฉื, ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื
17:19
to give their views to the Security Council,
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ืœืชืช ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื ืœืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
17:21
I thought, this is wrong.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™.
17:23
Something's got to be done about this.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”.
17:25
So I started off in a traditional mode.
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช.
17:28
Me and my colleagues at Independent Diplomat
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ืื ื™ ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ื‘ื“ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ืช
17:30
went around the U.N. Security Council.
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ื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื.
17:32
We went around 70 U.N. member states --
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ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื“ืจืš 70 ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•"ื --
17:34
the Kazaks, the Ethiopians, the Israelis --
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ื”ืงื•ื–ืงื™ื, ื”ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื, ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื --
17:36
you name them, we went to see them --
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ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉื, ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืชื --
17:38
the secretary general, all of them,
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ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ื›ื•ืœื,
17:40
and said, "This is all wrong.
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ื•ืืžืจื ื• " ื–ื• ื˜ืขื•ืช.
17:42
This is terrible that you don't consult these people who are actually affected.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืจื ืฉืืชื ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื.
17:44
You've got to institutionalize a system
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืžืกื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช
17:46
where you actually invite the Kosovars
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ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•
17:48
to come and tell you what they think.
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ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื.
17:50
This will allow you to tell me -- you can tell them what you think.
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ื–ื” ื™ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™ -- ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื›ื.
17:52
It'll be great. You can have an exchange.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
17:54
You can actually incorporate these people's views into your decisions,
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ืืชื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื›ื,
17:57
which means your decisions will be more effective and durable."
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ืžืฉืžืข ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช."
18:02
Super-logical, you would think.
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ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
18:04
I mean, incredibly logical. So obvious, anybody could get it.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™. ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืืช ื–ืืช.
18:06
And of course, everybody got it. Everybody went, "Yes, of course, you're absolutely right.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื–ืืช. ื›ื•ืœื ืืžืจื•, "ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
18:09
Come back to us
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ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื ื•
18:11
in maybe six months."
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ื›ื” ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”."
18:13
And of course, nothing happened -- nobody did anything.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืงืจื”. ืืฃ-ืื—ื“ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ.
18:16
The Security Council does its business
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ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืขืกืงื™ื”
18:18
in exactly the same way today
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื™ื•ื
18:20
that it did X number of years ago,
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ื›ืฉื ืฉืขืฉืชื” ืœืคื ื™ ืื™ืงืก ืฉื ื™ื,
18:23
when I was there 10 years ago.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื.
18:26
So we looked at that observation
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ืื– ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ื–ื•
18:28
of basically failure
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ
18:30
and thought, what can we do about it.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•, ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ.
18:32
And I thought, I'm buggered
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™
18:34
if I'm going to spend the rest of my life
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ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ื—ื™ื™
18:36
lobbying for these crummy governments
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ื‘ืœืฉื“ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
18:38
to do what needs to be done.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
18:40
So what we're going to do
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
18:42
is we're actually going to set up these meetings ourselves.
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ื–ื” ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•.
18:44
So now, Independent Diplomat
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืขืช, ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ืช
18:46
is in the process of setting up meetings
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช
18:48
between the U.N. Security Council
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื
18:50
and the parties to the disputes
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ื•ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—
18:52
that are on the agenda of the Security Council.
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ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
18:55
So we will be bringing
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื‘ื™ื
18:57
Darfuri rebel groups,
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ื“ืจืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
19:00
the Northern Cypriots and the Southern Cypriots,
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ืืช ื”ืงืคืจื™ืกืื™ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ื™ื,
19:04
rebels from Aceh,
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ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžืืฆ'ื”,
19:07
and awful long laundry list
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ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืžืื•ื“
19:09
of chaotic conflicts around the world.
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ืฉืœ ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ื›ืื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
19:12
And we will be trying to bring the parties to New York
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง
19:15
to sit down in a quiet room
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ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืงื˜
19:17
in a private setting with no press
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ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช
19:19
and actually explain what they want
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ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื” ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื
19:21
to the members of the U. N. Security Council,
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ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื,
19:23
and for the members of the U.N. Security Council
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ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื
19:25
to explain to them what they want.
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ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ืžื” ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื
19:27
So there's actually a conversation,
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื—,
19:29
which has never before happened.
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ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœืคื ื™-ื›ืŸ ืœื ืงืจื”.
19:31
And of course, describing all this,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”,
19:34
any of you who know politics will think this is incredibly difficult,
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืžื›ื ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ืชื™ืืžืŸ,
19:37
and I entirely agree with you.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
19:39
The chances of failure are very high,
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“,
19:42
but it certainly won't happen
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ืืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืœื ื™ื™ืงืจื”
19:44
if we don't try to make it happen.
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ืื ืœื ื ื ืกื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช.
19:47
And my politics has changed fundamentally
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ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™
19:50
from when I was a diplomat to what I am today,
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ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื,
19:52
and I think that outputs is what matters, not process,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช, ืœื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš,
19:55
not technology, frankly, so much either.
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ื•ื’ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
19:58
Preach technology
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ืชื˜ื™ืคื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
20:00
to all the Twittering members of all the Iranian demonstrations
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ืœื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื ื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ืฆื™ื
20:03
who are now in political prison in Tehran,
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ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžืืกืจ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืŸ,
20:06
where Ahmadinejad remains in power.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื—ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื’'ืื“ ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ.
20:08
Technology has not delivered political change in Iran.
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ.
20:12
You've got to look at the outputs, and you got to say to yourself,
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื,
20:15
"What can I do to produce that particular output?"
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"ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื–ื•?"
20:17
That is the politics of the 21st century,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21.
20:20
and in a way, Independent Diplomat
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ืช
20:22
embodies that fragmentation, that change,
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ืžื’ืœืžืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”, ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
20:25
that is happening to all of us.
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ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
20:29
That's my story. Thanks.
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™. ืชื•ื“ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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