Carne Ross: An independent diplomat

譯者: Lin Su-Wei(林書暐) 審譯者: Zhu Jie

My story is a little bit about war.

我的故事跟戰爭有點相關。

It's about disillusionment.

是有關於夢想破滅。

It's about death.

有關於死亡。

And it's about rediscovering

也跟在破敗的環境中

idealism

尋找理想

in all of that wreckage.

有些關聯。

And perhaps also, there's a lesson

也許，今天的這場演講

about how to deal with

是有關於如何應付

our screwed-up, fragmenting

在21世紀中的危機、

and dangerous world of the 21st century.

和被我們搞砸的事情。

I don't believe in straightforward narratives.

我才不相信單純平順的故事。

I don't believe in a life or history

我才不相信在生命裡或歷史裡

written as decision "A" led to consequence "B"

說做決定A就會導致結果B

led to consequence "C" --

或是結果C，

these neat narratives that we're presented with,

我們都聽過這種順利樂觀的故事，

and that perhaps we encourage in each other.

或許這能鼓勵我們彼此向前。

I believe in randomness,

但我相信生命是充滿隨機的，

and one of the reasons I believe that

相信的理由是因為

is because me becoming a diplomat was random.

我會成為外交官就是個意外。

I'm colorblind.

我是個色盲。

I was born unable to see most colors.

我生來就沒辦法看到大部分的色彩。

This is why I wear gray and black most of the time,

這也就是為什麼我大多都穿著灰色或黑色的衣服，

and I have to take my wife with me

我還必須帶著我老婆

to chose clothes.

陪我去買衣服。

And I'd always wanted to be a fighter pilot when I was a boy.

當我還小的時候，我總夢想當戰鬥機駕駛員。

I loved watching planes barrel over

我喜歡看著戰鬥機

our holiday home in the countryside.

從我那鄉下的渡假小屋上空飆過的樣子。

And it was my boyhood dream to be a fighter pilot.

那就是我想成為戰鬥機駕駛員的原因。

And I did the tests in the Royal Air Force to become a pilot,

我曾經參加英國皇家空軍的駕駛員考試，

and sure enough, I failed.

沒意外的，我失敗了。

I couldn't see all the blinking different lights,

因為我沒辦法辨識不同顏色的閃爍燈光，

and I can't distinguish color.

我沒辦法區分顏色。

So I had to choose another career,

所以，我必須選擇別的職業，

and this was in fact relatively easy for me,

事實上，這對我而言就簡單多了，

because I had an abiding passion all the way through my childhood,

因為我從孩童時期，

which was international relations.

就對於國際關係非常有興趣。

As a child,

當我還小時，

I read the newspaper thoroughly.

我幾乎把報紙都翻爛了。

I was fascinated by the Cold War,

我深深對冷戰著迷，

by the INF negotiations

還有銷毀中短程核子飛彈的

over intermediate-range nuclear missiles,

INF協商會議(Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces)

the proxy war between the Soviet Union and the U.S.

還有蘇聯和美國之間

in Angola or Afghanistan.

在安哥拉或阿富汗的代理人戰爭(proxy war)。

These things really interested me.

這些事情真的非常吸引我。

And so I decided quite at an early age

所以我在很年輕的時候

I wanted to be a diplomat.

就決定要當外交官。

And I, one day, I announced this to my parents --

所以，某天，我把這件事告訴我的父母，

and my father denies this story to this day --

而我父親非常反對，

I said, "Daddy, I want to be a diplomat."

我說："爸，我想成為外交官"

And he turned to me, and he said,

他面對我，然後說：

"Carne, you have to be very clever to be a diplomat."

"卡恩，你必須夠聰明才能當外交官阿"

(Laughter)

(笑)

And my ambition was sealed.

這讓我更確定了志向。

In 1989,

1989年，

I entered the British Foreign Service.

我進入英國外交部工作(British Foreign Service)。

That year, 5,000 people applied to become a diplomat,

在那年，有5000人申請成為外交官，

and 20 of us succeeded.

只有20人錄取。

And as those numbers suggest,

這個錄取人數意味著，

I was inducted into an elite

我被歸納為精英的一份子，

and fascinating and exhilarating world.

同時也進入一個迷人且令人振奮的世界。

Being a diplomat, then and now,

過去和今日相較，外交官是個超棒的工作，

is an incredible job, and I loved every minute of it --

我超愛在裡面工作的分分秒秒。

I enjoyed the status of it.

我享受著所有的事件。

I bought myself a nice suit and wore leather-soled shoes

我給自己買了件高級西裝，穿著皮鞋

and reveled in

準備陶醉於

this amazing access I had to world events.

我在世界大事裡所能持有的特權。

I traveled to the Gaza Strip.

我曾到過加薩走廊(Gaza Strip)。

I headed the Middle East Peace Process section

我曾主持英國外交部裡面的

in the British Foreign Ministry.

中東和平進程部門。

I became a speechwriter

我也曾是英國外交祕書室的

for the British Foreign Secretary.

對外發言人。

I met Yasser Arafat.

我曾和亞西爾-阿拉法特見過面。(註：巴勒斯坦領袖)

I negotiated

我曾在聯合國會議上

with Saddam's diplomats at the U.N.

和海珊的外交官談判。

Later, I traveled to Kabul

後來，在塔利班倒台之後，

and served in Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban.

我即前往阿富汗首都--喀布爾服務。

And I would travel

我曾搭乘

in a C-130 transport

C-130軍用運輸機

and go and visit warlords

去跟躲藏在深山

in mountain hideaways

的軍事領袖會面，

and negotiate with them

和他們討論有關

about how we were going to eradicate Al Qaeda from Afghanistan,

如何剷除阿富汗境內的蓋達基地組織，

surrounded by my Special Forces escort,

當時有一批特種部隊當我的護衛，

who, themselves, had to have an escort of a platoon of Royal Marines,

他們來自英國皇家海軍陸戰隊的一個排，

because it was so dangerous.

因為當時的情況很危險。

And that was exciting -- that was fun.

這超讓人興奮，太好玩了。

It was really interesting.

真的很有意思。

And it's a great cadre of people,

他們是菁英中的菁英，

incredibly close-knit community of people.

極度團結的一群人。

And the pinnacle of my career, as it turned out,

而最後，我職涯的最頂端

was when I was posted to New York.

是我被派駐到紐約的時候。

I'd already served in Germany, Norway,

在那之前我已經待過德國、挪威，

various other places,

許多不同的地方，

but I was posted to New York

我被派駐到紐約

to serve on the U.N. Security Council for the British delegation.

是以英國代表身分參加聯合國安全理事會。

And my responsibility was the Middle East,

我負責的區域是中東，

which was my specialty.

那同時也是我的專精處。

And there, I dealt with things

我處理的事務有....

like the Middle East peace process,

像是中東和平流程，

the Lockerbie issue --

洛克比事件..(註：Lockerbie issue，發生蘇格蘭南端小鎮的事件)

we can talk about that later, if you wish --

若各位想聽，我待會再來談這件事

but above all, my responsibility was Iraq

在安理會中，我負責伊拉克的事務

and its weapons of mass destruction

它擁有龐大的毀滅性性武器，

and the sanctions we placed on Iraq

而聯合國決議制裁伊拉克

to oblige it to disarm itself of these weapons.

以強迫它自行拆除這些武器。

I was the chief British negotiator

我成為這個專案裡面的

on the subject,

英國談判代表，

and I was steeped in the issue.

同時我也被這件事情所牽絆。

And anyway,

總而言之，

my tour -- it was kind of a very exciting time.

我的人生旅程，是非常刺激的。

I mean it was very dramatic diplomacy.

這是非常戲劇性的外交過程。

We went through several wars

當我在紐約駐守的時候

during my time in New York.

我們就經歷過了許多戰爭事件。

I negotiated for my country

在2001年9月12日的安全理事會

the resolution in the Security Council

我代表英國

of the 12th of September 2001

與各國代表協商一份決議，

condemning the attacks of the day before,

內容是譴責在前一天的攻擊行為(註：911事件)，

which were, of course, deeply present to us

當然，這件事深深影響著

actually living in New York at the time.

我當時在紐約的生活情形。

So it was kind of the best of time, worst of times

所以說我在紐約度過了最美好的時光，

kind of experience.

也有一些非常糟糕的回憶。

I lived the high-life.

我生活品質其實不錯。

Although I worked very long hours,

雖然我工作時數很長，

I lived in a penthouse in Union Square.

不過我住在聯合廣場附近的閣樓。

I was a single British diplomat in New York City;

又是個在紐約的單身英國外交官，

you can imagine what that might have meant.

你大概可以想像到我會遭遇怎樣的事情。

(Laughter)

(笑)

I had a good time.

那時候是玩的很開心。

But in 2002,

不過，在2002年，

when my tour came to an end,

當我在紐約的任務即將結束時，

I decided I wasn't going to go back

我就決定，

to the job that was waiting for me in London.

不接受一份在倫敦的工作。

I decided to take a sabbatical,

我決定來一次學術性的休假，

in fact, at the New School, Bruce.

我在新學院大學(New School)裡修業。

In some inchoate, inarticulate way

有點說不太上來，

I realized that there was something wrong

我感覺到我的工作、我自己本身

with my work, with me.

有些不對勁的地方。

I was exhausted,

我累壞了，

and I was also disillusioned

我突然醒悟了，

in a way I couldn't quite put my finger on.

但我沒辦法明確的說出為什麼。

And I decided to take some time out from work.

我決定暫時從工作中抽身。

The Foreign Office was very generous.

外交部也非常慷慨。

You could take these special unpaid leave, as they called them,

他們告訴我，我能享有特別的無薪假，

and yet remain part of the diplomatic service, but not actually do any work.

同時還可繼續享有部分的外交人員的權益，但不用作任何工作。

It was nice.

真是令人愉快。

And eventually, I decided

最後，我決定

to take a secondment to join the U.N. in Kosovo,

接下一份臨時調派的任務，

which was then under U.N. administration.

加入聯合國在關於科索沃事件的管理群。

And two things happened in Kosovo,

這時候發生了2件事，

which kind of, again,

就像剛才所提到的

shows the randomness of life,

人生中的隨機性，

because these things turned out to be

因為這2件事情成為了

two of the pivots of my life

改變我生命的支點，

and helped to deliver me to the next stage.

同時也幫助我思考人生的下一階段。

But they were random things.

完全出乎我的意料之外。

One was that, in the summer of 2004,

第一件事，發生在2004年的夏天，

the British government, somewhat reluctantly,

英國政府，有點不情願地

decided to have an official inquiry

提出一份官方調查

into the use of intelligence on WMD

要調查開啟伊拉克戰爭的緣由，

in the run up to the Iraq War,

也就是當時關於大規模毀滅性武器的情報，

a very limited subject.

一個非常機密的內容。

And I testified to that inquiry in secret.

我秘密地為這次調查作證。

I had been steeped in the intelligence on Iraq

由於我過去對伊拉克的情報非常了解，

and its WMD,

還有它的大規模毀滅性武器，

and my testimony to the inquiry said three things:

我在作證時說了3件事情：

that the government exaggerated the intelligence,

第一，政府過度誇大了情報內容，

which was very clear in all the years I'd read it.

就從我過去所得知的內容來看。

And indeed, our own internal assessment was very clear

老實說，我們內部的調查資料內容非常清楚的指出，

that Iraq's WMD

伊拉克持有的"大規模毀滅性武器"

did not pose a threat to its neighbors, let alone to us.

並沒有威脅到週遭鄰國，更不用說我們了。

Secondly, the government had ignored all available alternatives to war,

第二，政府忽略了所有戰爭以外的替代方案，

which in some ways

從某些角度來看

was a more discreditable thing still.

這非常的可恥。

The third reason, I won't go into.

第三，我不要加入調查小組。

But anyway, I gave that testimony,

無論如何，我這次出來作證，

and that presented me with a crisis.

就等於是把我自己曝露在危機之下。

What was I going to do?

而我正在這麼做。

This testimony was deeply critical of my colleagues,

在我看來這次作證會危害到那些

of my ministers, who had, in my view

為了引起這次戰爭而捏造數據的

had perpetrated a war on a falsehood.

同事和長官。

And so I was in crisis.

所以我也身處在危機中。

And this wasn't a pretty thing.

這不是什麼好事。

I moaned about it, I hesitated,

我開始感到悲嘆，也考慮了很久，

I went on and on and on to my long-suffering wife,

我和長期陪著我受苦的妻子討論過後，

and eventually I decided to resign from the British Foreign Service.

最後，我決定辭去英國外交部的工作。

I felt -- there's a scene in the Al Pacino movie "The Insider," which you may know,

我覺得，這場景就好像艾爾-帕西諾演的電影"驚爆內幕"一樣，

where he goes back to CBS

電影裡，當CBS電視台決定停撥香菸公司內部人員的爆料節目後，

after they've let him down over the tobacco guy,

男主角回到CBS公司，

and he goes, "You know, I just can't do this anymore. Something's broken."

說："我幹不下去了，這件事情有問題"。

And it was like that for me. I love that movie.

這情況跟我很像。我好愛這部電影。

I felt just something's broken.

我就是感覺到有點不對勁。

I can't actually sit with my foreign minister

我就是沒辦法再跟外交部長坐在一起，

or my prime minister again with a smile on my face

或是再看到總理對著我微笑

and do what I used to do gladly for them.

然後做出讓他們開心的事情。

So took a running leap

這就好像是準備

and jumped over the edge of a cliff.

要飛躍過懸岩邊緣一樣。

And it was a very, very uncomfortable, unpleasant feeling.

非常非常的令人不安，令人不愉快。

And I started to fall.

我感到非常失落。

And today, that fall hasn't stopped;

直到今天，這股失落感還沒停止，

I'm still falling.

我仍然處於一個低潮期。

But, in a way, I've got used to the sensation of it.

不過，一方面來看，我已經漸漸習慣了這種低潮。

And in a way, I kind of like

從另一方面來看，我

the sensation of it a lot better

挺喜歡這種感覺，

than I like actually standing on top of the cliff,

喜歡的程度還勝過那種高高在上、

wondering what to do.

能隨心所欲的時候。

A second thing happened in Kosovo,

第二件事，發生在科索沃，

which kind of -- I need a quick gulp of water, forgive me.

那是一件..我需要喝點水，不好意思。

A second thing happened in Kosovo,

第二件事，發生在科索沃，

which kind of delivered the answer,

是關於追尋一個問題的答案，

which I couldn't really answer,

我真的不知道答案為何，

which is, "What do I do with my life?"

這問題就是：我這一生到底做了什麼?

I love diplomacy --

我喜歡外交事務。

I have no career --

我沒做過其他工作。

I expected my entire life to be a diplomat, to be serving my country.

我希望我的一生都做外交官，為我的國家服務。

I wanted to be an ambassador,

我希望能成為外交大使，

and my mentors, my heroes,

我的導師，我心目中的英雄，

people who got to the top of my profession,

這些人是我外交職涯中追尋的目標，

and here I was throwing it all away.

現在我必須捨棄這一切。

A lot of my friends were still in it.

我有許多朋友在裡面工作。

My pension was in it.

我的退休金還沒領。

And I gave it up.

而這些我也都放棄了。

And what was I going to do?

所以，那時候發生了什麼事呢?

And that year, in Kosovo,

就在那年，在科索沃，

this terrible, terrible thing happened, which I saw.

我遇見了非常非常糟糕的事情。

In March 2004, there were terrible riots

在2004年3月，有場非常恐怖的暴亂

all over the province -- as it then was -- of Kosovo.

發生在科索沃的所有省份，

18 people were killed.

當時有18個人被殺害。

It was anarchy.

同時進入了無政府狀態。

And it's a very horrible thing to see anarchy,

在無政府狀態下最可怕的事情，

to know that the police and the military --

就是看到警察和軍隊....

there were lots of military troops there --

當時還有很多軍隊駐守，

actually can't stop that rampaging mob

最可怕的，就是他們沒辦法阻止

who's coming down the street.

蜂擁到街上的狂亂暴民。

And the only way that rampaging mob coming down the street will stop

阻止暴民繼續蜂擁到街上的唯一辦法

is when they decide to stop

就是等他們覺得燒殺擄掠已經做夠了

and when they've had enough burning and killing.

他們才會停下來。

And that is not a very nice feeling to see, and I saw it.

這聽起來感覺就不是很好的過程，而我看到了。

And I went through it. I went through those mobs.

我經歷過這一切，我跟暴民接觸過。

And with my Albanian friends, we tried to stop it, but we failed.

我試著阻止身邊阿爾巴尼亞裔的朋友，但都沒能成功。

And that riot taught me something,

這場暴亂給了我一個啟示，

which isn't immediately obvious and it's kind of a complicated story.

不是很明顯，同時也是個很複雜的故事。

But one of the reasons that riot took place --

這場暴動會發生的其中一項原因，

those riots, which went on for several days, took place --

這場持續好幾天的暴動事件，

was because the Kosovo people

是因為科索沃的人民

were disenfranchised from their own future.

認為他們未來的公民權被剝奪了。

There were diplomatic negotiations about the future of Kosovo

當時有一場針對科索沃未來的外交協商會議

going on then,

正在進行，

and the Kosovo government, let alone the Kosovo people,

而科索沃的自治政府，

were not actually

根本沒參予到這次的會議，

participating in those talks.

更不用說科索沃的人民了。

There was this whole fancy diplomatic system,

這一整個是感覺自我良好的外交體制，

this negotiation process about the future of Kosovo,

這是一場有關科索沃未來的協商會議，

and the Kosovars weren't part of it.

結果現場根本沒有科索沃的代表。

And funnily enough, they were frustrated about that.

這種奇怪的會議，讓他們感到非常失望。

Those riots were part of the manifestation of that frustration.

這場暴動有一部份就是這種失落感的宣洩。

It wasn't the only reason,

這件事情當然不是這麼單純的原因，

and life is not simple, one reason narratives.

人生也不是單純的故事。

It was a complicated thing,

它其實是很複雜的，

and I'm not pretending it was more simple than it was.

我無法假裝這件事情比表面上來的簡單。

But that was one of the reasons.

但這是其中一項重要的原因。

And that kind of gave me the inspiration --

所以這給我了某種靈感，

or rather to be precise,

或更精確的來說，

it gave my wife the inspiration.

是給了我老婆某種靈感。

She said, "Why don't you advise the Kosovars?

她對我說："你怎麼不給予科索沃的人建議呢?"

Why don't you advise their government on their diplomacy?"

"你怎麼不給科索沃政府的外交人員一些建議呢?"

And the Kosovars were not allowed a diplomatic service.

其實，科索沃是不被允許有外交單位的。

They were not allowed diplomats.

他們不被允許有外交人員。

They were not allowed a foreign office

他們不被允許有外國單位

to help them deal with this immensely complicated process,

來幫助他們處理這極其複雜的

which became known as the Final Status Process of Kosovo.

科索沃最終定位(Final Status Process of Kosovo)。

And so that was the idea.

靈感就這樣來了。

That was the origin of the thing that became Independent Diplomat,

這就是獨立外交組織(Independent Diplomat)的最初構想，

the world's first diplomatic advisory group

這是世界上第一個

and a non-profit to boot.

非營利的外交顧問團。

And it began when I flew back from London

這組織的起始點，就在我結束聯合國在科索沃的事件後，

after my time at the U.N. in Kosovo.

回到倫敦之時。

I flew back and had dinner with the Kosovo prime minister and said to him,

當時我與科索沃的總理共用晚餐，並對他說：

"Look, I'm proposing that I come and advise you on the diplomacy.

"嘿，我打算在外交事務上給予你協助，

I know this stuff. It's what I do. Why don't I come and help you?"

我對這些事情瞭若指掌，我有什麼不幫你的理由呢?"

And he raised his glass of raki to me and said,

他舉起裝滿葡萄酒的杯子，並說：

"Yes, Carne. Come."

"卡恩，就拜託你了"

And I came to Kosovo

所以我就前往科索沃

and advised the Kosovo government.

並給予科索沃政府各種建言。

Independent Diplomat ended up advising three successive Kosovo prime ministers

獨立外交組織，最後連續協助了三任的柯索沃總理，

and the multi-party negotiation team of Kosovo.

同時也在科索沃黨派之間的協商給予協助。

And Kosovo became independent.

科索沃變得獨立起來。

Independent Diplomat is now established

獨立外交組織，目前在全世界

in five diplomatic centers around the world,

有5個外交中心，

and we're advising seven or eight

目前接受我們諮詢的

different countries, or political groups,

有7、8個國家，或者說是政治團體，

depending on how you wish to define them --

端看你怎麼去定義他們，

and I'm not big on definitions.

我對此不太在意。

We're advising the Northern Cypriots on how to reunify their island.

我們給予北塞普勒斯人關於如何統一島嶼的建言。(註：土耳其南方的島嶼)

We're advising the Burmese opposition,

我們給予緬甸在野黨建言(註：在野黨提倡民主化)，

the government of Southern Sudan,

而蘇丹的南方政府..

which -- you heard it here first --

你可能是第一次聽到這個，

is going to be a new country within the next few years.

蘇丹南方即將在數年內成立一個新國家。

We're advising the Polisario Front of the Western Sahara,

我們也給予西撒哈拉的波利薩里奧陣線(Polisario Front)建言，

who are fighting to get their country back

這游擊隊組織是為了奪回

from Moroccan occupation

被摩洛哥侵占

after 34 years of dispossession.

34年的地區。

We're advising various island states in the climate change negotiations,

我們還為許多海島國家在氣候變遷談判會議中發聲，

which is suppose to culminate

這會議就是

in Copenhagen.

不久前在哥本哈根結束的會議。

There's a bit of randomness here too

這其中還有一件意料外的事情發生了，

because, when I was beginning Independent Diplomat,

因為，當我剛創立獨立外交組織時，

I went to a party in the House of Lords,

我參加在英國上議院的某個聚會，

which is a ridiculous place,

一個荒謬可笑的地方，

but I was holding my drink like this, and I bumped into

我像這樣拿著我的杯子，

this guy who was standing behind me.

然後撞見了一位站在我後方的一位男士。

And we started talking, and he said --

我們開始聊天，他說........

I told him what I was doing,

我有先跟他說我目前的事業，

and I told him rather grandly

我隆重的告訴他

I was going to establish Independent Diplomat in New York.

我將在紐約成立獨立外交組織。

At that time there was just me --

當時現場只有我，

and me and my wife were moving back to New York.

而我和我老婆都即將前往紐約。

And he said, "Why don't you see my colleagues in New York?"

然後這位男士說："你何不跟我在紐約的同事見個面呢?"

And it turned out

沒想到

he worked for an innovation company called ?What If!,

這個人是在一家創投公司工作，名為"這樣會怎樣(?What If!)"

which some of you have probably heard of.

在場的各位可能聽過這家公司。

And one thing led to another,

事情就這樣接二連三的發生了，

and I ended up having a desk

當我在開創獨立外交組織時，

in ?What If! in New York,

我在"這樣會怎樣"

when I started Independent Diplomat.

也有了一張辦公桌。

And watching ?What If!

我看到"這樣會怎樣"

develop new flavors of chewing gum for Wrigley

開發了箭牌口香糖的新口味，

or new flavors for Coke

或是開發了可口可樂的新口味，

actually helped me innovate

實際上，這些事情也幫助我

new strategies for the Kosovars

擬定科索沃、西薩哈拉居民

and for the Saharawis of the Western Sahara.

的創新策略。

And I began to realize that there are different ways of doing diplomacy --

我開始意識到，要做的事情應該要跟過去的外交工作不同，

that diplomacy, like business,

這種外交，就像經營企業一樣，

is a business of solving problems,

我成立的是一種能解決問題的企業，

and yet the word innovation doesn't exist in diplomacy;

而還未有名詞出現在這種外交的領域上，

it's all zero sum games and realpolitik

這會是一種零和賽局和現實政治(realpolitik)，

and ancient institutions that have been there for generations

在這古老的傳統外交機構中，

and do things the same way they've always done things.

我們一直在用同樣方式做事。

And Independent Diplomat, today,

而今日，獨立外交組織，

tries to incorporate some of the things I learned at ?What If!.

試著去兼併我在"這樣會怎樣"所學到的東西。

We all sit in one office and shout at each other across the office.

我們會在同一個辦公室裡，然後對著彼此大叫。

We all work on little laptops and try to move desks to change the way we think.

我們都用小筆電工作，不停換座位來激盪腦力。

And we use naive experts

我們雇用沒經驗的員工，

who may know nothing about the countries we're dealing with,

這些員工對這些國家的情況一無所知，

but may know something about something else

但，也因此他們

to try to inject new thinking

能為這些問題的解決方案

into the problems

注入新思維，

that we try to address for our clients.

而這正是我們希望傳達給顧客的。

It's not easy, because our clients, by definition,

這並不容易，因為很明顯的，

are having a difficult time, diplomatically.

我們的客戶正在經歷外交上的艱困時刻。

There are, I don't know,

在這裡..我不太清楚.....

some lessons from all of this,

但我認為是有學到了一些

personal and political --

有關人際和政治的東西，

and in a way, they're the same thing.

在某種程度上，是同一件事。

The personal one

在人際關係上

is falling off a cliff

我掉到了谷底

is actually a good thing, and I recommend it.

我想這是件好事。

And it's a good thing to do at least once in your life

這至少是在人生中唯一

just to tear everything up and jump.

捨棄所有東西卻還有好處的一次。

The second thing is a bigger lesson about the world today.

第二件事，是關於當今世界的重大議題。

Independent Diplomat is part of a trend

獨立外交組織是趨勢的一部份，

which is emerging and evident across the world,

是一種世界各地都顯而易見的趨勢，

which is that the world is fragmenting.

這趨勢就是，國家的分裂。

States mean less than they used to,

國家的重要性已經不如以往，

and the power of the state is declining.

國家的力量正在衰弱。

That means the power of others things is rising.

這意味著其他力量的抬頭。

Those other things are called non-state actors.

這種力量稱為非國家組織(non-state actors)。

They may be corporations,

這種組織，也許是一家公司，

they may be mafiosi, they may be nice NGOs,

也許是黑手黨，也許是個傑出的非營利組織。

they may anything,

也許是任何型態的組織，

any number of things.

或是任何一群人。

We are living in a more complicated and fragmented world.

我們目前生活在這個複雜而且又破碎的世界。

If governments are less able

如果政府

to affect the problems

沒辦法解決

that affect us in the world,

與我們息息相關的問題，

then that means, who is left to deal with them,

那就得要問，誰要來應付這問題，

who has to take greater responsibility to deal with them?

誰願意擔負起處理這些問題的責任?

Us.

就是我們。

If they can't do it, who's left to deal with it?

若政府做不到，誰還能做得到?

We have no choice but to embrace that reality.

我們別無選擇，只能接受這個事實。

What this means is

這意味著

it's no longer good enough

我們不能再講說國際關係、

to say that international relations, or global affairs,

全球事務、索馬利亞的混亂

or chaos in Somalia,

或是緬甸國內的事件等等，都不管你的事，

or what's going on in Burma is none of your business,

然後講說

and that you can leave it to governments to get on with.

這些都是可以丟給政府去處理的問題。

I can connect any one of you

透過六度分隔理論(任兩人，平均經過六人聯系就能扯上關係)，

by six degrees of separation

我能將在場的任何一位

to the Al-Shabaab militia in Somalia.

與索馬利亞的青年黨民兵作關係連結。

Ask me how later, particularly if you eat fish, interestingly enough,

可以待會再問我要怎麼辦到，若你有興趣的話，

but that connection is there.

但這真的可以做到。

We are all intimately connected.

我們彼此都有著密切的關係。

And this isn't just Tom Friedman,

不只是湯姆-傅萊德曼(Tom Friedman)

it's actually provable in case after case after case.

透過一個又一個案例來陳述的現象。

What that means is, instead of asking your politicians to do things,

不該要求自己支持的政客去做什麼，

you have to look to yourself to do things.

而應該是端看自己能做到什麼。

And Independent Diplomat is a kind of example of this

獨立外交組織就是這樣的一個組織

in a sort of loose way.

自由的組織。

There aren't neat examples, but one example is this:

這樣的舉例有點糢糊，或許我該這樣講：

the way the world is changing

世界正在改變，

is embodied in what's going on at the place I used to work --

而我過去工作的機關也應該跟著改變，

the U.N. Security Council.

這機關就是聯合國安全理事會。

The U.N. was established in 1945.

聯合國在1945年成立。

Its charter is basically designed

這組織的成立基礎章程

to stop conflicts between states --

就是要調停國與國之間的衝突，

interstate conflict.

或是國內衝突。

Today, 80 percent of the agenda

今日，在聯合國安全理事會裡

of the U.N. Security Council

有80%的討論議題

is about conflicts within states,

都跟國與國之間的衝突有關，

involving non-state parties --

其中也包括了非國家團體的衝突事件，

guerillas, separatists,

像是游擊隊，分離主義分子，

terrorists, if you want to call them that,

恐怖分子，若你想這樣稱呼這些人的話，

people who are not normal governments, who are not normal states.

這些人都是非政府官員，也都是非正式的國家。

That is the state of the world today.

這就是今日的世界。

When I realized this,

當我了解到這點時，

and when I look back on my time at the Security Council

我回頭看當時在安全理事會的時光，

and what happened with the Kosovars,

還有在科索沃所發生的事件，

and I realize that often

我感覺到

the people who were most directly affected

這些團體最直接被影響的來源是，

by what we were doing in the Security Council

那些我們在安全理事會的所做所為，

weren't actually there, weren't actually invited

他們不在安理會會議現場，

to give their views to the Security Council,

他們沒被邀請到會議現場陳述意見，

I thought, this is wrong.

我認為，這是錯的。

Something's got to be done about this.

必須針對這點做些什麼。

So I started off in a traditional mode.

所以，一開始我們還是依循傳統的模式。

Me and my colleagues at Independent Diplomat

我和我的同事

went around the U.N. Security Council.

造訪了聯合國安全理事會。

We went around 70 U.N. member states --

我們造訪了理事會裡的70個會員國，

the Kazaks, the Ethiopians, the Israelis --

哈薩克人，衣索比亞人，以色列人

you name them, we went to see them --

像是這些人，

the secretary general, all of them,

我們和這些國家的秘書長會面，

and said, "This is all wrong.

說："現在的方式是錯的，

This is terrible that you don't consult these people who are actually affected.

你們不諮詢那些真正會被你們政策影響的人，實在是太糟糕了。

You've got to institutionalize a system

你們必須建立一套機制

where you actually invite the Kosovars

讓科索沃地區的人民

to come and tell you what they think.

能夠來到這裡頃訴他們的想法。

This will allow you to tell me -- you can tell them what you think.

這同樣也能讓這些人民直接聽到你的想法。

It'll be great. You can have an exchange.

這樣很棒阿。你們之間能有意見交換。

You can actually incorporate these people's views into your decisions,

你們還能將這些人的意見併入你們決策中，

which means your decisions will be more effective and durable."

這表示你們的決策會更有效和影響力更久。"

Super-logical, you would think.

完美的邏輯。

I mean, incredibly logical. So obvious, anybody could get it.

我是說，這麼棒的邏輯，很明顯的，誰都想的到。

And of course, everybody got it. Everybody went, "Yes, of course, you're absolutely right.

當然，任何人都懂。聽完的人都這樣講："是的，當然，你是對的。

Come back to us

不如，6個月後

in maybe six months."

你再回到這裡一起討論"

And of course, nothing happened -- nobody did anything.

結果，當然什麼事都沒發生。根本沒人這樣做。

The Security Council does its business

當我十年前在這裡工作的時候，

in exactly the same way today

安全理事會

that it did X number of years ago,

就一直使用著

when I was there 10 years ago.

不知道幾百年前的做事方法。

So we looked at that observation

當我注意到

of basically failure

這根本上的錯誤時，

and thought, what can we do about it.

我就開始思考，我能做點什麼。

And I thought, I'm buggered

而我又想到

if I'm going to spend the rest of my life

若我將我的餘生

lobbying for these crummy governments

都耗在遊說這些政府去做該做的事情，

to do what needs to be done.

那我會累死。

So what we're going to do

所以我們目前正在做的

is we're actually going to set up these meetings ourselves.

就是建立各式各樣的見面會談。

So now, Independent Diplomat

現在的獨立外交組織

is in the process of setting up meetings

就是創造會談機會，

between the U.N. Security Council

讓安全理事會

and the parties to the disputes

和那些在理事會議程上受討論的群體

that are on the agenda of the Security Council.

能互相見面對話。

So we will be bringing

我們帶來了

Darfuri rebel groups,

達佛反政府組織(註：蘇丹西部的組織)，

the Northern Cypriots and the Southern Cypriots,

北塞普勒斯人和南塞普勒斯人，

rebels from Aceh,

來自阿契地區(Archey)的叛軍，

and awful long laundry list

這些是全世界造成混亂衝突的

of chaotic conflicts around the world.

團體名單。

And we will be trying to bring the parties to New York

我們會試著把這些團體帶到紐約，

to sit down in a quiet room

準備一個安靜的房間

in a private setting with no press

提供一場沒有媒體的面談，

and actually explain what they want

讓這些團體能

to the members of the U. N. Security Council,

訴說他們想對聯合國安理會成員講的話，

and for the members of the U.N. Security Council

對於安理會的成員來說

to explain to them what they want.

他們也能傳達自己的立場。

So there's actually a conversation,

這會是一場對話，

which has never before happened.

這種對話是過去從未發生的。

And of course, describing all this,

當然，剛剛所描述的場景，

any of you who know politics will think this is incredibly difficult,

在場只要稍微懂政治的都知道這超難做到，

and I entirely agree with you.

我完全同意這種想法。

The chances of failure are very high,

失敗的機率非常高，

but it certainly won't happen

但若不去嘗試，

if we don't try to make it happen.

這件事情就永遠不會發生。

And my politics has changed fundamentally

從我當外交官開始，到現在為止的這段期間，

from when I was a diplomat to what I am today,

我對政治的觀點就已經完全改變了，

and I think that outputs is what matters, not process,

事件的結果才是最重要的，不是過程，

not technology, frankly, so much either.

坦白說，也不需要高深技術。

Preach technology

傳達新觀念的科技

to all the Twittering members of all the Iranian demonstrations

像是那些使用推特(Twitter)的伊朗示威者

who are now in political prison in Tehran,

現在都已經成為政治犯，

where Ahmadinejad remains in power.

被關在由總統内賈德(Ahmadinejad)掌權的首都德黑蘭。

Technology has not delivered political change in Iran.

科技不會傳達伊朗地區的政治變革。

You've got to look at the outputs, and you got to say to yourself,

你必須專注於結果，同時要捫心自問：

"What can I do to produce that particular output?"

"我要怎麼做才能有這樣不同的結果?"

That is the politics of the 21st century,

這是21世紀的政治環境。

and in a way, Independent Diplomat

從這點來看，獨立外交組織

embodies that fragmentation, that change,

就是要呈現出那些圍繞在我們身邊的

that is happening to all of us.

那些片段和變革。

That's my story. Thanks.

這就是我的故事，謝謝各位。