Aaron Morris: How your body could become its own diagnostic lab | TED Fellows

37,866 views ใƒป 2021-06-07

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: michal rosengarten ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:14
[SHAPE YOUR FUTURE]
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[ืขืฆื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ื]
00:16
(Slam) Ow!
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(ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช) ืืื•ืฅโ€™!
00:19
As anyone whoโ€™s stubbed a toe in the dark
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš, ืื• ื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืฉืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช,
00:21
or spent an hour searching for their keys knows
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00:24
we're often limited by what we can or cannot see.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืคืกื ืฉื—ื•ืจื”.
00:28
In fact, even our own bodies can be black boxes.
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00:32
Today, I want to take you through a vision of health care
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืชื›ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
00:34
that scientists and engineers, myself included, are building.
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ืฉืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื‘ื•ื ื™ื.
00:38
We are creating a diagnostic lab inside your body
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกืคืง ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืชืžืฉืš ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
00:41
that can provide a continuous analysis of your health
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00:43
so that we can better see what's happening in patients.
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ื›ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื•ืคื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•.
00:46
Currently, if someone is sick,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ื•ืœื”, ื›ื ืจืื” ื ืื‘ื—ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืคืกื™ื”
00:48
we may diagnose them by using a biopsy
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00:50
to bring disease tissue outside the body where we can see it.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื ื•ืฆื™ื ืจืงืžื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื•ืฃ, ืฉื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.
00:54
We do this if we suspect, for instance, that a growth might be cancerous.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื“ื™ื ืฉื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื ื™.
00:58
Unfortunately, this approach can't work all the time
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
01:01
because of two major problems.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช.
01:03
First, some tissues, like brains or spinal cords,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจืงืžื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืžื”ืžื•ื— ืื• ืžืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื”,
01:06
can't be routinely biopsied.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืคืกื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข.
01:08
And second, doctors often don't know which tissue is causing the problem,
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ื•ืฉื ื™ืช, ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ืจืงืžื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื”,
01:11
so they don't know what to biopsy.
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ืื– ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืœื“ื’ื•ื.
01:13
So far, we've dealt with these issues using external medical tests,
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ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื ื• ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
01:17
like MRIs or blood tests.
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ื›ืžื• MRI ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ื.
01:19
These provide a broad overview of the health of a patient,
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ื”ืŸ ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ,
01:22
but they can't see the molecular and cellular changes
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ ืื• ื”ืชืื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืงืžื•ืช
01:26
that occur within tissues,
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01:27
and they certainly can't provide enough information
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกืคืง ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื™ื“ืข
01:30
to proactively treat patients before symptoms develop.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื.
01:33
This is unfortunate
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ื–ื” ืžืฆืขืจ, ื›ื™ ืืœื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช,
01:34
because it's these invisible changes that ultimately cause disease.
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01:38
Our inability to measure these changes
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ืื™- ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
01:40
results in a disparity between what we can see on a test
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ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ.
01:43
and what we know is happening in patients.
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01:45
Let's take multiple sclerosis as an example.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ื˜ืจืฉืช ื ืคื•ืฆื”, MS, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื.
01:48
In MS, which is an autoimmune disease,
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ื‘MS, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื ื’ืจืžืช ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช,
01:51
the immune system attacks two specific tissues:
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืชื•ืงืคืช ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจืงืžื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช:
01:54
the brain and the spinal cord,
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ื”ืžื—, ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื”,
01:56
resulting in damage and in some cases, paralysis.
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ื’ื•ืจืžืช ื ื–ืง, ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื™ืชื•ืง.
01:59
Now, we obviously can't catch MS by routinely biopsying people's brains,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ MS ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืคืกื™ื” ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:04
where there would be abundant and active disease-inducing cells.
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ืฉื ื ืžืฆื ืชืื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช, ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืคืขื™ืœื™ื.
02:07
And we can't catch it using a blood test
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ื,
02:09
because the MS-inducing cells are so rare and inactive in the blood
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ื›ื™ ืชืื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ MS ื”ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื
02:13
that we simply can't see them.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื.
02:15
Even brain imaging technologies like MRI can't provide the information we need
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ืœื•ื-ืžื—, ื›ืžื• MRI, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
02:19
to be proactive about MS.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ MS.
02:21
So we need to rethink how we see.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช.
02:24
My coworkers at the University of Michigan and I decided to do just that.
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ืื ื™ ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื”.
02:28
Instead of taking an outside-in approach to diagnostics,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ โ€œืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืคื ื™ืžื”โ€œ,
02:31
we're taking an inside-out approach.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืฉืช โ€œืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”โ€œ.
02:33
We are creating implantable sites
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ,
02:35
that have similarities to other sites in the body,
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02:37
and will improve our vision by giving us real-time access
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ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืฉืคืจื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช
02:41
to molecular and cellular information about diseased tissues.
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ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืชืื™ ื•ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ ืขืœ ืจืงืžื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื•ืช.
02:45
These insights will enable us to predict the onset of disease
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ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื”
02:48
and even identify therapies likely to work in an individual patient.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”.
02:53
So what does this inside-out approach look like?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื ืจืืช ื’ื™ืฉืช โ€œืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”โ€ ื”ื–ืืช?
02:56
Step one is to engineer new tissues just under the skin.
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ืฉืœื‘ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื ื“ืก ืจืงืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขื•ืจ.
03:00
These tissues have similarities to other inaccessible sites in the body,
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ืœืจืงืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจืงืžื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ,
03:05
like the brain or the lungs.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื•ื— ืื• ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช.
03:07
By implanting a porous plastic disk made of FDA-approved biomaterials,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืชืœืช ื“ื™ืกืง ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”FDA,
03:12
I can harness the body's natural responses to allow cells to migrate into the disk,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื™ืกืง,
03:17
survive at the site and form a tissue.
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ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืงืžื”.
03:20
Eventually, we're left with an engineered tissue
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืขื ืจืงืžื” ืžื”ื•ื ื“ืกืช
03:23
with integrated immune cells,
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ืขื ืชืื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืืœื™ื” ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ,
03:24
just the cells we need for diagnosis.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืชืื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ.
03:27
Although these tissues are complex and chronically inflamed,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืงืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ื“ืœืงื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช,
03:30
they're also innocuous
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ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืœื ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช.
03:31
and after a few weeks, nearly imperceptible.
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03:34
Our engineered tissues contain information not present in the blood,
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ื”ืจืงืžื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ื ื“ืกื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื“ื,
03:38
and they can help bridge the gap
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื’ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจ
03:40
between what we can see on a traditional test
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช
03:42
and cellular changes we know occur in disease.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืชืื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื”.
03:46
Step two is to read this signal.
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ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
03:48
Currently, I could take a biopsy of my engineered site and analyze it
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืคืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื ื“ืก ื•ืœื ืชื— ืื•ืชื”,
03:52
because I made them accessible just under the skin.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช, ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขื•ืจ.
03:55
But it would certainly be better
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:57
if we could incorporate and read a sensor noninvasively.
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื ื”ื”ืชืงืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™ืช.
04:01
Within the next decade,
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ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘,
04:02
rapidly converging technologies could enable diagnosis at such an implant
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ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืชืœ ื›ื–ื”
04:07
by harnessing simple detectors,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืชื™ืžืช ื’ืœืื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื,
04:08
like a blood pressure cuff or smartwatch does now.
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ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉืฉืจื•ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื, ืื• ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื—ื›ื, ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
04:11
The mechanisms for diagnosing and monitoring disease
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ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื—ืœื”
04:15
could be as simple as opening an app, like Candy Crush on your phone.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืงื ื“ื™ ืงืจืืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื.
04:19
Step three is to harness the huge array of knowledge
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ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื•ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ
04:22
in fields like engineering and material science
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04:24
to improve these implants and our ability to read their data.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืชืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื”ื.
04:27
Eventually, tens, if not hundreds of individual engineered tissues
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืขืฉืจื•ืช, ืื ืœื ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืงืžื•ืช ืžื”ื•ื ื“ืกื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช
04:31
with integrated sensors
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ืขื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืื—ืช.
04:33
may be implantable with a single application.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื›ืžืช, ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
04:36
Now, this approach to diagnosis is unconventional, to be sure,
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04:40
but it is robust.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืืžื™ื ื”.
04:41
So far, my colleagues and I have used it
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ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื•ืชืคื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืื ื™, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื”
04:44
to diagnose models of metastatic cancer,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืจืชื™,
04:46
type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and organ transplant rejection.
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ืกื›ืจืช ืกื•ื’ ืื—ื“, ื˜ืจืฉืช ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื•ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฉืชืœื™ื.
04:51
But this is just the beginning of what we can see.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช.
04:54
With continuous improvements,
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ืขื ื”ืฉืชืคืจื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช,
04:55
we will be able to truly create
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื
04:57
a diagnostic lab inside your body
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05:00
that provides a continuous analysis of your health.
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ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืชืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
05:02
By changing how we see what's going wrong in patients,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื,
05:05
we will be able to diagnose and treat diseases better
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ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ ืคืขื.
05:08
and faster than ever before.
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05:11
If you're willing to rethink how you see,
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ืื ืืชื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื,
05:14
you may be surprised what comes into view.
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ืืชื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื” ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื›ื.
05:16
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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