Aaron Morris: How your body could become its own diagnostic lab | TED Fellows

37,456 views ・ 2021-06-07

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: ji yoon Kang κ²€ν† : Young You
[미래λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œμ„Έμš”]
(μΎ…) μ•„μ•Ό!
μ–΄λ‘  μ†μ—μ„œ λ°œκ°€λ½μ„ μ°§μ—ˆκ±°λ‚˜
μ—΄μ‡ λ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ” 데 ν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 보내본 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌλ©΄ λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것과 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” κ²ƒμ˜ μ œμ•½μ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
[SHAPE YOUR FUTURE]
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00:16
(Slam) Ow!
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사싀, 신체도 λΈ”λž™λ°•μŠ€κ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
As anyone who’s stubbed a toe in the dark
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였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 의료 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ 비전을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
or spent an hour searching for their keys knows
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μ €λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€κ³Ό κ³΅ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 비전이죠.
00:24
we're often limited by what we can or cannot see.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 신체 μ•ˆμͺ½μ— 진단싀을 λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
In fact, even our own bodies can be black boxes.
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건강 μƒνƒœμ— λŒ€ν•œ 지속적인 뢄석을 μ œκ³΅ν•  수 있고
이둜써 ν™˜μžμ˜ 건강 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό 보닀 잘 확인할 수 μžˆλŠ” μž₯μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
Today, I want to take you through a vision of health care
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00:34
that scientists and engineers, myself included, are building.
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ν˜„μž¬λŠ”, 병에 걸리면
쑰직 검사λ₯Ό 톡해 μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ 진단할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
We are creating a diagnostic lab inside your body
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 세포λ₯Ό μ²΄μ™Έλ‘œ κΊΌλ‚΄μ„œ λ³΄λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
00:41
that can provide a continuous analysis of your health
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ•”μœΌλ‘œμ˜ λ°œμ „μ΄ μ˜μ‹¬λ˜λŠ” 경우 이런 검사λ₯Ό ν•˜μ£ .
00:43
so that we can better see what's happening in patients.
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00:46
Currently, if someone is sick,
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μœ κ°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ ‘κ·Ό 방식이 항상 μ •ν™•ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
we may diagnose them by using a biopsy
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두 가지 큰 문제 λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈλ°μš”.
00:50
to bring disease tissue outside the body where we can see it.
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첫째둜, λ‡Œλ‚˜ μ²™μˆ˜μ™€ 같은 쑰직듀은
00:54
We do this if we suspect, for instance, that a growth might be cancerous.
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정기적인 생체 검사λ₯Ό ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ‘˜μ§Έλ‘œ, μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ€ μ’…μ’… μ–΄λ–€ 쑰직이 문제λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:58
Unfortunately, this approach can't work all the time
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무엇을 쑰직 검사해야 할지 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
because of two major problems.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€λŠ”, μ™ΈλΆ€ μ˜ν•™ 검사λ₯Ό 톡해 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
First, some tissues, like brains or spinal cords,
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MRIλ‚˜ ν˜ˆμ•‘ 검사 같은 것이죠.
01:06
can't be routinely biopsied.
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μ΄λŠ” ν™˜μžμ˜ 건강에 λŒ€ν•œ κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ κ°œκ΄€μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
01:08
And second, doctors often don't know which tissue is causing the problem,
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λΆ„μž 및 μ„Έν¬μ˜ λ³€ν™”κΉŒμ§€ λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
so they don't know what to biopsy.
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01:13
So far, we've dealt with these issues using external medical tests,
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쑰직 λ‚΄μ˜ μž‘μ€ λ³€ν™”λ“€ 말이죠.
λ˜ν•œ, 증상이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό 적극적으둜 μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
01:17
like MRIs or blood tests.
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μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
These provide a broad overview of the health of a patient,
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정말 유감슀러운 일이죠.
01:22
but they can't see the molecular and cellular changes
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보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” 변화듀이 ꢁ극적으둜 μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚€λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
01:26
that occur within tissues,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 변화듀을 μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ©΄
01:27
and they certainly can't provide enough information
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검사λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ 결과와 ν™˜μžμ˜ 건강에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ•„λŠ” 것 간에
01:30
to proactively treat patients before symptoms develop.
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격차λ₯Ό λ°œμƒμ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
This is unfortunate
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λ‹€λ°œμ„± 경화증을 μ˜ˆμ‹œλ‘œ 듀어보죠.
01:34
because it's these invisible changes that ultimately cause disease.
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μžκ°€ λ©΄μ—­ μ§ˆν™˜μ— μ†ν•˜λŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
Our inability to measure these changes
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λ©΄μ—­ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ λ‡Œμ™€ μ²™μˆ˜ 쑰직을 곡격해
01:40
results in a disparity between what we can see on a test
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01:43
and what we know is happening in patients.
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손상이 λ°œμƒν•˜κ³ , μ–΄λ–€ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” λ§ˆλΉ„λ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘μ΄μ£ .
01:45
Let's take multiple sclerosis as an example.
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ν˜„μž¬, 정기적 λ‡Œ 쑰직 검사λ₯Ό 톡해 λ‹€λ°œμ„± 경화증을 λ°œκ²¬ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
In MS, which is an autoimmune disease,
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01:51
the immune system attacks two specific tissues:
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λ‡Œμ—λŠ” 병을 μœ λ°œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 세포듀이 많이 있고 ν™œλ°œνžˆ ν™œλ™ν•˜κ³  있죠.
01:54
the brain and the spinal cord,
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ν˜ˆμ•‘ κ²€μ‚¬λ‘œ 이 병을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λŠ” 것도 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
resulting in damage and in some cases, paralysis.
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λ‹€λ°œμ„± 경화증을 μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ” 세포듀은
01:59
Now, we obviously can't catch MS by routinely biopsying people's brains,
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ν˜ˆμ•‘ 내에 μˆ˜κ°€ μ•„μ£Ό 적고 ν™œλ°œν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 경우 세포듀을 보기 μ–΄λ ΅μ£ .
MRI 같은 λ‡Œ μ˜μƒ 기법도 λ‹€λ°œμ„± 경화증에 λŒ€μ²˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
02:04
where there would be abundant and active disease-inducing cells.
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02:07
And we can't catch it using a blood test
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ν•„μš”ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ§„ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
because the MS-inducing cells are so rare and inactive in the blood
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³΄λŠ” 관점을 λ‹€μ‹œ 생각해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ―Έμ‹œκ°„ λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ˜ λ™λ£Œλ“€κ³Ό μ €λŠ”
02:13
that we simply can't see them.
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02:15
Even brain imaging technologies like MRI can't provide the information we need
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신체 μ™ΈλΆ€μ—μ„œ λ‚΄λΆ€λ‘œμ˜ 진단 방법 λŒ€μ‹ 
02:19
to be proactive about MS.
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신체 λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œ μ™ΈλΆ€λ‘œμ˜ μ ‘κ·Ό 방식을 μ·¨ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
So we need to rethink how we see.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ‹ μ²΄μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ€μœ„μ™€ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ μ΄μ‹ν˜• λΆ€μœ„λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
My coworkers at the University of Michigan and I decided to do just that.
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μ΄λŠ” 우리의 μ‹œμ•Όλ₯Ό λ„“νž κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
Instead of taking an outside-in approach to diagnostics,
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병든 쑰직의 λΆ„μžμ™€ 세포에 λŒ€ν•œ μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ‹€μ‹œκ°„ μ œκ³΅μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œμš”.
02:31
we're taking an inside-out approach.
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02:33
We are creating implantable sites
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 톡찰을 톡해 μ§ˆλ³‘ λ°œμƒμ„ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 있게 될 것이고
02:35
that have similarities to other sites in the body,
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κ°œλ³„ ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ 효과적일 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλŠ” μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ 뢄별할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
and will improve our vision by giving us real-time access
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02:41
to molecular and cellular information about diseased tissues.
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신체 λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œ μ™ΈλΆ€λ‘œμ˜ μ ‘κ·Ό 방식이 μ–΄λ–€ 것인지 μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
첫 번째 λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” ν”ΌλΆ€ μ•„λž˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 쑰직을 μ œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
These insights will enable us to predict the onset of disease
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02:48
and even identify therapies likely to work in an individual patient.
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이 쑰직은 신체 λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ€λΆ„κ³Ό μœ μ‚¬μ μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
So what does this inside-out approach look like?
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λ‡Œμ™€ 폐 같은 뢀뢄듀이죠.
FDA μŠΉμΈμ„ 받은 생체 물질둜 λ§Œλ“  λ‹€κ³΅μ„±μ˜ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± λ””μŠ€ν¬λ₯Ό μ΄μ‹ν•˜λ©΄
02:56
Step one is to engineer new tissues just under the skin.
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03:00
These tissues have similarities to other inaccessible sites in the body,
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μ‹ μ²΄μ˜ μžμ—°μ  λ°˜μ‘μ„ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
세포가 μ—°κ³¨λ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•˜κ³ 
03:05
like the brain or the lungs.
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κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ μƒμ‘΄ν•˜λ©° 쑰직을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” λ°˜μ‘μ΄μ£ .
03:07
By implanting a porous plastic disk made of FDA-approved biomaterials,
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κ²°κ΅­, 진단에 ν•„μš”ν•œ 세포인 λ©΄μ—­ 세포와 κ²°ν•©λœ
03:12
I can harness the body's natural responses to allow cells to migrate into the disk,
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인곡 쑰직만 λ‚¨κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 쑰직은 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„ λ§Œμ„±μ μœΌλ‘œ 염증이 λ°œμƒν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:17
survive at the site and form a tissue.
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독성은 μ—†μœΌλ©° λͺ‡ μ£Ό λ’€μ—λŠ” 거의 μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
Eventually, we're left with an engineered tissue
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인곡 쑰직은 ν˜ˆμ•‘μ— μ—†λŠ” 정보λ₯Ό λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  있으며
03:23
with integrated immune cells,
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03:24
just the cells we need for diagnosis.
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κΈ°μ‘΄ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ κ΄€μ°°λ˜λŠ” 것과
03:27
Although these tissues are complex and chronically inflamed,
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03:30
they're also innocuous
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μ§ˆλ³‘ μƒνƒœ ν•˜ 세포 λ³€ν™” κ°„ 간극을 λ©”μ›Œμ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
and after a few weeks, nearly imperceptible.
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03:34
Our engineered tissues contain information not present in the blood,
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두 번째 λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
졜근, μ €λŠ” 인곡 λΆ€μœ„ 쑰직 검사λ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•˜κ³  이λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
and they can help bridge the gap
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03:40
between what we can see on a traditional test
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인곡 λΆ€μœ„λ₯Ό ν”ΌλΆ€ μ•„λž˜μ— λ‘˜ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ˜€μ£ .
03:42
and cellular changes we know occur in disease.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 방법은
λΉ„μΉ¨μŠ΅μ μœΌλ‘œ 감각 μž₯치λ₯Ό κ²°ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
Step two is to read this signal.
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03:48
Currently, I could take a biopsy of my engineered site and analyze it
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ν–₯ν›„ μ‹­ λ…„ 내에
κΈ‰μ†ν•œ 기술 결합은 이식에 κ΄€ν•œ 진단을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
because I made them accessible just under the skin.
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03:55
But it would certainly be better
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ν˜ˆμ••κ³„ λ°΄λ“œλ‚˜ μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈμ›ŒμΉ˜μ™€ 같은 λ‹¨μˆœ 감지 μž₯치λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•΄μ„œμš”.
03:57
if we could incorporate and read a sensor noninvasively.
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜κ³  λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§ν•˜λŠ” λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ€
04:01
Within the next decade,
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04:02
rapidly converging technologies could enable diagnosis at such an implant
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νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ—μ„œ μΊ”λ”” ν¬λŸ¬μ‰¬ 앱을 μΌœλŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒνΌ κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
by harnessing simple detectors,
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μ„Έ 번째 λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” κ³΅ν•™μ΄λ‚˜ λ¬Όμ§ˆκ³Όν•™κ³Ό 같은 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ
04:08
like a blood pressure cuff or smartwatch does now.
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폭넓은 지식을 ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
The mechanisms for diagnosing and monitoring disease
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이식 기술과 정보 νŒŒμ•… λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ£ .
04:15
could be as simple as opening an app, like Candy Crush on your phone.
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κ²°κ΅­, 감지 μž₯μΉ˜μ™€ κ²°ν•©λœ κ°œλ³„ 인곡 쑰직이
수백 κ°œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μˆ˜μ‹­ 개만 μžˆμ–΄λ„
04:19
Step three is to harness the huge array of knowledge
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단일 μ•±λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 이식이 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯할지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
in fields like engineering and material science
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04:24
to improve these implants and our ability to read their data.
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ν˜„μž¬, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 진단에 λŒ€ν•œ μ ‘κ·Ό 방식은 λΆ„λͺ… μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
04:27
Eventually, tens, if not hundreds of individual engineered tissues
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ν™•κ³ ν•œ 것이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€, 저와 제 λ™λ£Œλ“€μ€ 이 방식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
with integrated sensors
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전이성 μ•” λͺ¨ν˜•, 제1ν˜• 당뇨병,
04:33
may be implantable with a single application.
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04:36
Now, this approach to diagnosis is unconventional, to be sure,
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λ‹€λ°œμ„± 경화증, μž₯κΈ° 이식 κ±°λΆ€λ°˜μ‘μ˜ 진단을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ˜€μ£ .
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 μ‹œμž‘μΌ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
but it is robust.
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04:41
So far, my colleagues and I have used it
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지속적인 κ°œμ„ μ„ 톡해
건강에 κ΄€ν•œ 지속적인 뢄석을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ”
04:44
to diagnose models of metastatic cancer,
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04:46
type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and organ transplant rejection.
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신체 λ‚΄ 진단싀을 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ 신체 λ‚΄λΆ€ 문제λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 λ°”κΏˆμœΌλ‘œμ¨
04:51
But this is just the beginning of what we can see.
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ κ³Όκ±° μ–΄λŠ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ 더 잘 그리고 더 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ
04:54
With continuous improvements,
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04:55
we will be able to truly create
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μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜κ³  μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
a diagnostic lab inside your body
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λ³΄λŠ” 관점을 λ‹€μ‹œ 생각해보신닀면
05:00
that provides a continuous analysis of your health.
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05:02
By changing how we see what's going wrong in patients,
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μ‹œμ•Όμ— λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λŠ” 것에 λ†€λΌκ²Œ λ˜μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
we will be able to diagnose and treat diseases better
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05:08
and faster than ever before.
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05:11
If you're willing to rethink how you see,
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05:14
you may be surprised what comes into view.
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05:16
Thank you.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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