Arthur Ganson: Moving sculpture

52,203 views ใƒป 2008-05-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Dotan Koskas ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:18
A few words about how I got started,
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ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™,
00:20
and it has a lot to do with happiness, actually.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœืื•ืฉืจ.
00:24
When I was a very young child, I was extremely introverted
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ื›ื™ืœื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื“ ืžื•ืคื ื
00:27
and very much to myself.
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ื•ืžืื“ ืคืจื˜ื™.
00:30
And, kind of as a way of surviving,
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“
00:33
I would go into my own very personal space,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื•ืจื— ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™
00:36
and I would make things.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
00:38
I would make things for people
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื
00:40
as a way of, you know, giving, showing them my love.
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ื›ื“ืจืš, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืชืช ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืœื™ื”ื.
00:44
I would go into these private places,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
00:47
and I would put my ideas and my passions into objects --
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื—ืคืฆื™ื,
00:51
and sort of learning how to speak with my hands.
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
00:54
So, the whole activity of working with my hands and creating objects
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื
00:58
is very much connected with not only the idea realm,
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ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืžืื“ ืœื ืจืง ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
01:03
but also with very much the feeling realm.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื’ืฉ.
01:07
And the ideas are very disparate.
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
01:11
I'm going to show you many different kinds of pieces,
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
01:14
and there's no real connection between one or the other,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™,
01:17
except that they sort of come out of my brain,
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžื•ื—ื™,
01:19
and they're all different sort of thoughts that are triggered
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืฆืชื•ืช
01:23
by looking at life, and seeing nature and seeing objects,
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ืžื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืขืœ ื—ืคืฆื™ื,
01:27
and just having kind of playful random thoughts about things.
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
01:31
When I was a child, I started to explore motion.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“, ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืชื ื•ืขื”.
01:39
I fell in love with the way things moved,
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ื”ืชืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื–ื™ื,
01:41
so I started to explore motion by making little flipbooks.
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื“ืจืš ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืคื™ ืกืคืจ.
01:46
And this is one that I did, probably like when I was around seventh grade,
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื–',
01:50
and I remember when I was doing this,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืžืชื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช,
01:53
I was thinking about that little rock there,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืกืœืข ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื
01:56
and the pathway of the vehicles as they would fly through the air,
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ื•ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืขืคื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ,
02:01
and how the characters --
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช -
02:03
(Laughter) --
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:04
would come shooting out of the car,
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ืขืคื•ืช ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
02:06
so, on my mind, I was thinking about the trajectory of the vehicles.
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ืื– ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
02:13
And of course, when you're a little kid, there's always destruction.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืฉืืชื” ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ.
02:16
So, it has to end with this --
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ืื–, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ืขื ื–ื” -
02:18
(Laughter) --
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:19
gratuitous violence.
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ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช.
02:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:23
So that was how I first started to explore the way things moved,
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ื›ืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื–ื™ื,
02:29
and expressed it.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
02:31
Now, when I went to college,
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ื›ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืงื•ืœื’'
02:33
I found myself making fairly complicated, fragile machines.
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื•ืช.
02:40
And this really came about
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื ื‘ืข
02:43
from having many different kinds of interests.
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ืžืชื•ืš ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
02:46
When I was in high school, I loved to program computers,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœืชื›ื ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
02:49
so I sort of liked the logical flow of events.
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื•ืขื™ื.
02:54
I was also very interested in perhaps going into surgery
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ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืชื™ ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืœื™
02:59
and becoming a surgeon,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ืชื—,
03:01
because it meant working with my hands
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™
03:03
in a very focused, intense way.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืื“ ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช.
03:06
So, I started taking art courses,
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ืื– ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช,
03:08
and I found a way to make sculpture
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืกืœื™ื
03:11
that brought together my love for being very precise with my hands,
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ืืฉืจ ืื™ื—ื“ื• ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื ื™ื“ื™
03:15
with coming up with different kinds of logical flows of energy through a system.
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ืขื ื”ืžืฆืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช.
03:25
And also, working with wire -- everything that I did
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ื•ื’ื, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื - ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™
03:31
was both a visual and a mechanical engineering decision
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ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื•ื’ื ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช ืžื›ื ื™ืช
03:37
at the same time.
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ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช.
03:39
So, I was able to sort of exercise all of that.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
03:41
Now, this kind of machine is as close as I can get to painting.
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ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฆื™ื•ืจ.
03:47
And it's full of many little trivial end points,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืœื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืฆื” ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืืœื™ื•ืช,
03:52
like there's a little foot here that just drags around in circles
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืจื’ืœ ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื ื’ืจืจืช ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื
03:57
and it doesn't really mean anything.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื•.
03:59
It's really just for the sort of joy of its own triviality.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืื” ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
04:05
The connection I have with engineering
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ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื™ ืœื”ื ื“ืกื”
04:08
is the same as any other engineer, in that I love to solve problems.
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ื”ื” ืœื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก, ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
04:13
I love to figure things out,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
04:15
but the end result of what I'm doing is really completely ambiguous.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืขื•ืจืคืœืช.
04:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:23
That's pretty ambiguous.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ.
04:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:27
The next piece that is going to come up
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืื ื™ ืืจืื”
04:32
is an example of a kind of machine that is fairly complex.
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื” ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ืœืžื“ื™.
04:42
I gave myself the problem.
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ื”ืฆื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ื”.
04:44
Since I'm always liking to solve problems,
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ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช,
04:46
I gave myself the problem of turning a crank in one direction,
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ื”ืฆื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื›ื ื ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“,
04:50
and solving all of the mechanical problems
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ื•ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื ื™ื•ืช
04:53
for getting this little man to walk back and forth.
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ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœืื™ืฉ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืื—ื•ืจื”.
04:57
So, when I started this, I didn't have an overall plan for the machine,
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™, ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœืžื›ื•ื ื”,
05:02
but I did have a sense of the gesture,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื”
05:05
and a sense of the shape and how it would occupy space.
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ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืชืžืœื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ.
05:09
And then it was a matter of starting from one point
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ื•ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช
05:12
and sort of building to that final point.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช.
05:16
That little gear there switches back and forth to change direction.
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ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžืชื—ืœืฃ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืื—ื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
05:21
And that's a little found object.
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ื–ื” ื—ืคืฅ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืžืฆืืชื™.
05:25
So a lot of the pieces that I've made,
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™,
05:28
they involve found objects.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉืžืฆืืชื™.
05:32
And it really -- it's almost like doing visual puns all the time.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
05:40
When I see objects, I imagine them in motion.
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื—ืคืฅ, ืื ื™ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”,
05:43
I imagine what can be said with them.
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืจื›ื•.
05:45
This next one here, "Machine with Wishbone,"
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื, ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืขื ืขืฆื ื‘ืจื™ื—,
05:49
it came about from playing with this wishbone after dinner.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืœื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ืขืฆื ื”ื–ืืช ืœืื—ืจ ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘.
05:56
You know, they say, never play with your food --
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืš ืœื ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ืื•ื›ืœ -
05:58
but I always play with things.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
06:00
So, I had this wishbone, and I thought,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ืขืฆื ื”ื–ืืช, ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
06:02
it's kind of like a cowboy who's been on his horse for too long.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืงืื•ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ืก.
06:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:06
And I started to make him walk across the table,
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ื•ื’ืจืžืชื™ ืœื• ืœื”ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,
06:09
and I thought, "Oh, I can make a little machine that will do that."
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, "ื”ื•, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืชืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”."
06:14
So, I made this device, linked it up, and the wishbone walks.
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ืื– ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื—ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืื•ืชื”, ื•ื”ืขืฆื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช,
06:20
And because the wishbone is bone -- it's animal --
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ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืฆื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื— ื”ื™ื ืขืฆื - ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื” -
06:23
it's sort of a point where I think we can enter into it.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืืŸ ืื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื
06:29
And that's the whole piece.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื”.
06:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:32
That's about that big.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ื–ื”.
06:35
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:40
This kind of work is also very much like puppetry,
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืžืื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืชืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช
06:45
where the found object is, in a sense, the puppet,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื”,
06:49
and I'm the puppeteer at first, because I'm playing with an object.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ื—ืคืฅ,
06:54
But then I make the machine, which is sort of the stand-in for me,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™
06:58
and it is able to achieve the action that I want.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™.
07:03
The next piece I'll show you is a much more conceptual thought,
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช,
07:10
and it's a little piece called "Cory's Yellow Chair."
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช "ื”ื›ื™ืกื ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื™."
07:14
I had this image in my mind, when I saw my son's little chair,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื”, ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™,
07:19
and I saw it explode up and out.
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
07:24
And --
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ื• --
07:28
so the way I saw this in my mind at first,
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื™
07:31
was that the pieces would explode up and out with infinite speed,
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ืช,
07:35
and the pieces would move far out,
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ื•ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืชืคื–ืจื• ืœืžืจื—ืง,
07:37
and then they would begin to be pulled back
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ื•ืื– ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืื‘ ื—ื–ืจื”,
07:39
with a kind of a gravitational feel,
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ื— ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื”,
07:41
to the point where they would approach infinite speed back to the center.
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ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืœืžืจื›ื–.
07:45
And they would coalesce for just a moment,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืชืžื–ื’ื• ืœืจื’ืข ืื—ื“
07:48
so you could perceive that there was a chair there.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ืกื.
07:51
For me, it's kind of a feeling about the fleetingness of the present moment,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื–ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืจื’ืข ื—ื•ืœืฃ,
07:57
and I wanted to express that.
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื–ืืช.
07:59
Now, the machine is -- in this case, it's a real approximation of that,
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช - ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœื–ื”,
08:04
because obviously you can't move physical matter
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ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื•ืฆืง
08:07
infinitely with infinite speed and have it stop instantaneously.
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ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืขืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช
08:11
This whole thing is about four feet wide,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ 120ืก"ืž
08:15
and the chair itself is only about a few inches.
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ืกื ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžื” ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
08:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:23
Now, this is a funny sort of conceptual thing,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืขืฉืข,
08:26
and yesterday we were talking about Danny Hillis' "10,000 Year Clock."
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ืืชืžื•ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื” - 10,000 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื™ืก.
08:31
So, we have a motor here on the left,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืžื ื•ืข ืžืฉืžืืœ
08:33
and it goes through a gear train.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื’ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
08:36
There are 12 pairs of 50:1 reductions,
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ื™ืฉื ื 12 ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืคื™ 50
08:41
so that means that the final speed of that gear on the end
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
08:46
is so slow that it would take two trillion years to turn once.
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื— 2 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื” ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืื—ื“
08:50
So I've invented it in concrete, because it doesn't really matter.
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ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื ื”.
08:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:54
Because it could run all the time.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ืฆื—
08:56
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:57
Now, a completely different thought.
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ -
09:01
I'm always imagining myself in different situations.
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
09:05
I'm imagining myself as a machine.
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ืžื›ื•ื ื”.
09:07
What would I love?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ื”ื‘?
09:09
I would love to be bathed in oil.
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ืžืื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืžืŸ.
09:11
(Laughter)
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09:12
So, this machine does nothing but just bathe itself in oil.
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืœื•ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืฉืžืŸ.
09:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:19
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:23
And it's really, just sort of --
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืจืง -
09:26
for me, it was just really about the lusciousness of oil.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื–ื” ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืŸ.
09:29
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:30
And then, I got a call from a friend
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ื•ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื”
09:33
who wanted to have a show of erotic art,
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ืฉืจืฆืชื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื ื•ืช ืืจื•ื˜ื™ืช,
09:36
and I didn't have any pieces.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช.
09:38
But when she suggested to be in the show, this piece came to mind.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ื”, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• .
09:42
So, it's sort of related, but you can see it's much more overtly erotic.
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืืจื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื—ืฆื ืช.
09:48
And this one I call "Machine with Grease."
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ืœื–ืืช ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื "ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืขื ื’ืจื™ื–."
09:51
It's just continually ejaculating, and it's --
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืคื•ืœื˜ืช, ื•ื–ื” -
09:53
(Laughter) --
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:54
this is a happy machine, I'll tell you.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืžื—ื”, ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื.
09:57
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:58
It's definitely happy.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืžื—ื”.
10:02
From an engineering point of view,
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช,
10:05
this is just a little four-bar linkage.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ืœืงื™ื
10:07
And then again, this is a found object, a little fan that I found.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื—ืคืฅ ืฉืžืฆืืชื™, ืžื ื™ืคื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืžืฆืืชื™.
10:12
And I thought, what about the gesture of opening the fan,
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืžื ื™ืคื”,
10:15
and how simply could I state something.
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ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืžืฉื”ื•.
10:18
And, in a case like this, I'm trying to make something which is clear
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ
10:26
but also not suggestive of any particular kind of animal or plant.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืจืžื•ื– ืขืœ ื—ื™ื” ืื• ืฆืžื— ื›ืœืฉื”ื•ื.
10:33
For me, the process is very important,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
10:38
because I'm inventing machines,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืžืฆื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
10:40
but I'm also inventing tools to make machines,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžืžืฆื™ื ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
10:43
and the whole thing is all sort of wrapped up from the beginning.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืงื•ืคืœ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
10:46
So this is a little wire-bending tool.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœื›ื™ืคื•ืฃ ื—ื•ื˜ ืžืชื›ืช.
10:49
After many years of bending gears with a pair of pliers,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืคื•ืฃ ื’ืœื’ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืฆื‘ืช,
10:52
I made that tool, and then I made this other tool
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ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืื– ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื ื™
10:55
for sort of centering gears very quickly --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื’ืœื’ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:59
sort of developing my own little world of technology.
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ื›ืš ืฉืคื™ืชื—ืชื™ ืขื•ืœื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืœื™.
11:02
My life completely changed when I found a spot welder.
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ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืฉืชื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืชื›ืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ืช.
11:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:09
And that was that tool.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื”.
11:11
It completely changed what I could do.
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
11:13
Now here, I'm going to do a very poor job of silver soldering.
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื™ ืขืœื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ืชื•ืš ืขื ื›ืกืฃ.
11:18
This is not the way they teach you to silver solder when you're in school.
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ืœื ื›ืš ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœืจืชืš ืขื ื›ืกืฃ.
11:23
I just like, throw it in.
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ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื–ื” ืคื ื™ืžื”.
11:25
I mean, real jewelers put little bits of solder in.
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ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืขื˜ ื›ืกืฃ ืœืจื™ืชื•ืš.
11:28
So, that's a finished gear.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื’ืœื’ืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื’ืžืจ.
11:32
When I moved to Boston,
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ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
11:34
I joined a group called the World Sculpture Racing Society.
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ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืชื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช "ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœืžืจื•ืฆื™ ืคืกืœื™ื".
11:39
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:40
And the idea, their premise was that we wanted to show
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’
11:47
pieces of sculpture on the street,
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘,
11:49
and there'd be no subjective decision about what was the best.
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ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
11:53
It would be -- whatever came across the finish line first would be the winner.
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ืžื™ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืงื• ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ืฆื—.
11:55
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:56
So I made -- this is my first racing sculpture,
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ืื– ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ - ื–ื”ื• ืคืกืœ ื”ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
12:00
and I thought, "Oh, I'm going to make a cart,
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, "ื”ื•, ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื’ืœื”,
12:02
and I'm going to have it --
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” -
12:04
I'm going to have my hand writing 'faster,'
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,"
12:06
so as I run down the street, the cart's going to talk to me
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืขื’ืœื” ืชื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื™
12:10
and it's going to go, 'Faster, faster!' "
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื’ื™ื“ "ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ!"
12:13
So, that's what it does.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื”.
12:15
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:16
But then in the end, what I decided
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™,
12:21
was every time you finish writing the word,
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ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื”,
12:24
I would stop and I would give the card to somebody on the side of the road.
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ืืขืฆื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจืš.
12:28
So I would never win the race because I'm always stopping.
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ื›ืš ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื ืฆื— ืืช ื”ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื ืขืฆืจืชื™.
12:31
But I had a lot of fun.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื“ ืžื”ื ื”.
12:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:39
Now, I only have two and a half minutes -- I'm going to play this.
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ื ืฉืืจื• ืœื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื“ืงื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื–ื”.
12:43
This is a piece that, for me, is in some ways
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื™
12:49
the most complete kind of piece.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืฉืœืžื”.
12:51
Because when I was a kid, I also played a lot of guitar.
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ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“, ื ื™ื’ื ืชื™ ื’ื ืขืœ ื’ื™ื˜ืจื”.
12:53
And when I had this thought,
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ื•ื›ืฉืขืœืชื” ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•,
12:57
I was imagining that I would make --
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ื“ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืฉืืฆื•ืจ -
12:59
I would have a whole machine theater evening,
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ืืงื™ื™ื ืขืจื‘ ืชืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืžื›ื ื™,
13:02
where I would -- you would have an audience,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื”ืœ,
13:04
the curtain would open, and you'd be entertained by machines on stage.
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ื”ื•ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื™ืคืชื—, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”.
13:08
So, I imagined a very simple gestural dance
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ืขื ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช
13:11
that would be between a machine and just a very simple chair, and ...
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœื›ื™ืกื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื• ...
13:27
When I'm making these pieces, I'm always trying to find a point
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื ืงื•ื“ื”
13:31
where I'm saying something very clearly and it's very simple,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
13:42
but also at the same time it's very ambiguous.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ื ื“ืŸ-ืžืฉืžืขื™.
13:45
And I think there's a point between simplicity and ambiguity
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืœื“ื•-ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
13:50
which can allow a viewer to perhaps take something from it.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื–ื”.
13:59
And that leads me to the thought that all of these pieces
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช
14:03
start off in my own mind, in my heart,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื™, ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื™,
14:07
and I do my best at finding ways to express them with materials,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื,
14:14
and it always feels really crude.
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ื•ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื’ืก.
14:16
It's always a struggle,
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ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืื‘ืง,
14:19
but somehow I manage to sort of get this thought
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•
14:23
out into an object, and then it's there, OK.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื—ืคืฅ, ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืฉื, ื˜ื•ื‘.
14:27
It means nothing at all.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืœื•ื.
14:29
The object itself just means nothing.
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ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืœื•ื.
14:31
Once it's perceived, and someone brings it into their own mind,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื–ื” ื ืชืคืก, ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื• ืœื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•,
14:36
then there's a cycle that has been completed.
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ืื– ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื ืกื’ืจ.
14:41
And to me, that's the most important thing
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
14:43
because, ever since being a kid, I've wanted to communicate my passion and love.
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ื›ื™ ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“, ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื“ืจืš ืชืฉื•ืงืชื™ ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื™,
14:48
And that means the complete cycle of coming from inside,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™
14:53
out to the physical, to someone perceiving it.
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ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™, ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืชื•ืคืก ืืช ื–ื”.
15:01
So I'll just let this chair come down.
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ืื ื™ ืจืง ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื™ืกื ืœืจื“ืช.
15:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:34
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:35
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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