Pointing to the future of UI | John Underkoffler

436,370 views ใƒป 2010-06-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Chaim Hershenhoren ืžื‘ืงืจ: Mark Sheinkman
00:15
We're 25, 26 years after
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ืื ื—ื ื• 26-25 ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ
00:17
the advent of the Macintosh,
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ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื™ื ื˜ื•ืฉ,
00:19
which was an astoundingly seminal event
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ืข ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื•ืจื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขื”
00:21
in the history
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ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
00:23
of human-machine interface
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ืฉืœ ืžืžืžืฉืง ืื“ื ืžื›ื•ื ื”,
00:25
and in computation in general.
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ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™.
00:27
It fundamentally changed the way
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš
00:29
that people thought about computation,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘,
00:31
thought about computers,
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
00:33
how they used them and who and how many people were able to use them.
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ืื™ืš ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื.
00:36
It was such a radical change, in fact,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™,
00:38
that the early Macintosh development team
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ืฉื”ืฆื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืงื™ื ื˜ื•ืฉ
00:40
in '82, '83, '84
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 82, 83, 84
00:42
had to write an entirely new operating system from the ground up.
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ื ืืœืฅ ืœืคืชื— ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœืžื” ืžื”ื™ืกื•ื“.
00:45
Now, this is an interesting little message,
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ื–ื” ืžืกืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
00:47
and it's a lesson that has since, I think,
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ื–ื”ื• ืœืงื— ืฉืžืื–, ืœื“ืขืชื™,
00:49
been forgotten or lost or something,
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ืื‘ื“ ืื• ื ืฉื›ื— ืื• ืžืฉื”ื•.
00:51
and that is, namely, that the OS is the interface.
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ื•ื”ืœืงื— ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืง.
00:54
The interface is the OS.
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ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื”.
00:56
It's like the land and the king (i.e. Arthur) they're inseparable, they are one.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ืžืœืš ื‘-"ืืจืชื•ืจ": ื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื“ื”, ื”ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืš.
00:59
And to write a new operating system was not a capricious matter.
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ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืคืจื™ื–ื™.
01:02
It wasn't just a matter of tuning up some graphics routines.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื’ืจืืคื™ื•ืช.
01:05
There were no graphics routines. There were no mouse drivers.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื’ืจืืคื™ื•ืช. ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื“ืจื™ื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขื›ื‘ืจ.
01:08
So it was a necessity.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืจื—.
01:10
But in the quarter-century since then,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื‘ืข ื”ืžืื” ืฉื—ืœืคื” ืžืื–,
01:12
we've seen all of the fundamental
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช
01:14
supporting technologies go berserk.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช - ืžืฉืชื•ืœืœื•ืช.
01:16
So memory capacity and disk capacity
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ื ืคื— ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื ืคื— ื”ื“ื™ืกืง
01:19
have been multiplied by something between 10,000 and a million.
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ื”ื•ื›ืคืœื• ืคื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 10,000 ืœ-ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ.
01:22
Same thing for processor speeds.
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ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืขื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“.
01:24
Networks, we didn't have networks at all
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ืจืฉืชื•ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ
01:26
at the time of the Macintosh's introduction,
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ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื” ืžืงื™ื ื˜ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืฆื’ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
01:29
and that has become the single most salient aspect
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
01:31
of how we live with computers.
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
01:33
And, of course, graphics: Today
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื’ืจืืคื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื:
01:35
84 dollars and 97 cents at Best Buy
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ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 87.94 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘"ื‘ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื™"
01:38
buys you more graphics power
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ืงื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื’ืจืืคื™ืช
01:40
than you could have gotten for a million bucks from SGI only a decade ago.
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ืžืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืž-ืืก ื’ื™ ืื™ ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจ.
01:43
So we've got that incredible ramp-up.
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ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืŸ.
01:45
Then, on the side, we've got the Web
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ื•ืื–, ืžื”ืฆื“, ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื”-ื•ื•ื‘ (ืจืฉืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜)
01:47
and, increasingly, the cloud,
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ืœื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืืช ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ืŸ,
01:49
which is fantastic,
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืคื ื˜ืืกื˜ื™,
01:51
but also -- in the regard in which an interface is fundamental --
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ ื‘ื• ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™,
01:54
kind of a distraction.
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช.
01:56
So we've forgotten to invent new interfaces.
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ื•ื›ืš ืฉื›ื—ื ื• ืœืคืชื— ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
01:58
Certainly we've seen in recent years a lot of change in that regard,
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื”.
02:00
and people are starting to wake up about that.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืš.
02:04
So what happens next? Where do we go from there?
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ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš? ืœืืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ?
02:06
The problem, as we see it,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื”,
02:08
has to do with a single, simple word: "space,"
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ืžืชืงืฉืจืช ืœืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”: "ืžืจื—ื‘"
02:10
or a single, simple phrase:
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ืื•, ื‘ื‘ื˜ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
02:12
"real world geometry."
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ื”ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
02:14
Computers and the programming languages
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืช
02:16
that we talk to them in, that we teach them in,
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ืฉืื™ืชืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื, ืฉืื™ืชืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื,
02:18
are hideously insensate when it comes to space.
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ื”ื ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘.
02:21
They don't understand real world space.
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ื”ื ืœื "ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื" ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
02:23
It's a funny thing because the rest of us occupy it quite frequently and quite well.
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืื›ืœืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืชื›ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
02:26
They also don't understand time, but that's a matter for a separate talk.
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ื”ื ื’ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ื ืคืจื“ืช.
02:29
So what happens if you start to
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ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ
02:31
explain space to them?
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ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ืžืจื—ื‘?
02:36
One thing you might get is something like the Luminous Room.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื”"ื—ื“ืจ ื–ื•ื”ืจ".
02:39
The Luminous Room is a system
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ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช
02:41
in which it's considered that
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ืฉื‘ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
02:43
input and output spaces are co-located.
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ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื•ื”ืคืœื˜ ื›ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“.
02:45
That's a strangely simple,
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ,
02:47
and yet unexplored idea, right?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื ื ื—ืงืจ.
02:49
When you use a mouse, your hand is down here on the mouse pad.
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื“ ืžื•ื ื—ืช ื›ืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ.
02:52
It's not even on the same plane as what you're talking about:
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื•.
02:54
The pixels are up on the display.
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ื”ืคื™ืงืกืœื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื’.
02:56
So here was a room in which all the walls, floors, ceilings,
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ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืจืฆืคื”, ื”ืชืงืจื”,
02:59
pets, potted plants, whatever was in there,
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ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื“, ืขืฆื™ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•,
03:01
were capable, not only of display but of sensing as well.
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ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื ืจืง ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืืœื ื’ื ื—ื™ืฉื”.
03:04
And that means input and output are in the same space
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืงืœื˜ ื•ื”ืคืœื˜ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืจื—ื‘,
03:06
enabling stuff like this.
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ื•ื›ืš ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
03:08
That's a digital storage in a physical container.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืืœื™ ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœ ืคื™ืกื™.
03:10
The contract is the same
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ื”ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื•
03:12
as with real word objects in real world containers.
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ืขื ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
03:15
Has to come back out, whatever you put in.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื ื—ืช ืื•ืชื
03:18
This little design experiment
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ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
03:20
that was a small office here knew a few other tricks as well.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืžื›ื™ืจ ื›ืžื” ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
03:23
If you presented it with a chess board,
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ืื ืชืฆื™ื’ ืœื–ื” ืœื•ื— ืฉื—,
03:25
it tried to figure out what you might mean by that.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš.
03:27
And if there was nothing for them to do,
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ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
03:29
the chess pieces eventually got bored
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ื›ืœื™ ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืฉื— ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชืขืžืžื™ื
03:31
and hopped away.
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ื•ืžื“ืœื’ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
03:33
The academics who were overseeing this work
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ื”ืืงื“ืžืื™ื ืฉืžื ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•
03:36
thought that that was too frivolous,
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื”ื™ืชื•ืœื™
03:38
so we built deadly serious applications
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ืขื“ ืžื•ื•ืช
03:40
like this optics prototyping workbench
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™
03:42
in which a toothpaste cap on a cardboard box
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ืฉื‘ื• ืคืงืง ืžืฉื—ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ืงืจื˜ื•ืŸ
03:45
becomes a laser.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืœื™ื™ื–ืจ.
03:47
The beam splitters and lenses are represented by physical objects,
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ืžืคืฆืœื™ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื•ื”ืขื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื,
03:50
and the system projects down the laser beam path.
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ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืงืจื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืงืจืŸ ื”ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ.
03:53
So you've got an interface that has no interface.
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ื•ื›ืš ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžืžืฉืง ื—ืกืจ ืžืžืฉืง.
03:55
You operate the world as you operate the real world,
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ืืชื” ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื” ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
03:58
which is to say, with your hands.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
04:00
Similarly, a digital wind tunnel with digital wind
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืžื ื”ืจืช ืจื•ื— ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืขื ืจื•ื— ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.
04:02
flowing from right to left --
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ื ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ.
04:04
not that remarkable in a sense; we didn't invent the mathematics.
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ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ืœื ื”ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
04:07
But if you displayed that on a CRT or flat panel display,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ืฆื’ ืื• ืขืœ ืคืื ืœ ืฉื˜ื•ื—,
04:09
it would be meaningless to hold up an arbitrary object,
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืกืจ ืžืฉืžื•ืช ืœื”ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื–ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ืงื˜ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
04:12
a real world object in that.
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ืื•ื‘ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ื”.
04:14
Here, the real world merges with the simulation.
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ื›ืืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ืขื ื”ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื”.
04:18
And finally, to pull out all the stops,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื,
04:20
this is a system called Urp, for urban planners,
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ื–ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช URP ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืื•ืจื‘ืื ื™ื.
04:23
in which we give architects and urban planners back
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืื•ืจื‘ืื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”
04:26
the models that we confiscated
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ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืจืžื ื• ืœื”ื
04:28
when we insisted that they use CAD systems.
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ื›ืฉื”ืชืขืงืฉื ื• ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชื™ื‘"ืž.
04:30
And we make the machine meet them half way.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื“ืจืš.
04:32
It projects down digital shadows, as you see here.
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ื–ื” ืžืงืจื™ืŸ ืฆืœ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืืœื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
04:35
And if you introduce tools like this inverse clock,
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ื•ืื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืš.
04:38
then you can control the sun's position in the sky.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
04:40
That's 8 a.m. shadows.
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ืืœื• ืฆืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ 8:00 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
04:42
They get a little shorter at 9 a.m.
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ื”ื ืžืชืงืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืชืฉืข.
04:44
There you are, swinging the sun around.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืžืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
04:46
Short shadows at noon and so forth.
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ืฆืœ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
04:50
And we built up a series of tools like this.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื•.
04:53
There are inter-shadowing studies
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ื™ืฉื ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืฆืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื
04:55
that children can operate,
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ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ,
04:57
even though they don't know anything about urban planning:
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื‘ืื ื™,
04:59
To move a building, you simply reach out your hand and you move the building.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ื•ืžื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
05:02
A material wand makes the building
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ืฉืจื‘ื™ื˜-ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
05:04
into a sort of Frank Gehry thing that reflects light in all directions.
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ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืง ื’ืืจื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื.
05:07
Are you blinding passers by and motorists on the freeways?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžืกื ื•ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืจืš ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ?
05:10
A zoning tool connects distant structures, a building and a roadway.
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ื›ืœื™ ืžื“-ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ,
05:13
Are you going to get sued by the zoning commission? And so forth.
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ืชื‘ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช? ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
05:17
Now, if these ideas seem familiar
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื ืฉืžืขื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื
05:19
or perhaps even a little dated,
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื,
05:21
that's great; they should seem familiar.
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื.
05:23
This work is 15 years old.
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 15 ืฉื ื™ื.
05:26
This stuff was undertaken at MIT and the Media Lab
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ืื•ืžืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ MIT ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื” ืœืื‘.
05:29
under the incredible direction of Professor Hiroshi Ishii,
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ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื• ื”ืžืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ ืื™ืฉื™ื™,
05:32
director of the Tangible Media Group.
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ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื˜ื ื’'ื™ื‘ืœ ืžื“ื™ื”.
05:34
But it was that work that was seen
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืจืื”
05:36
by Alex McDowell,
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ืืœื›ืก ืžืงื“ื•ืืœ,
05:38
one of the world's legendary production designers.
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ืื—ื“ ืžืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ื”ืคืงื” ื”ืื’ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
05:41
But Alex was preparing a little, sort of obscure, indie, arthouse film
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ืืจืชื•ืจ ืชื›ื ื ืŸ ืกืจื˜ ืขืฆืžืื™, ืงื˜ืŸ, ืืžื ื•ืชื™,
05:44
called "Minority Report" for Steven Spielberg,
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ืฉื ืงืจื ื“ื•ื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืœื‘ืจื’.
05:47
and invited us to come out from MIT
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ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื‘ื•ื ืž-MIT
05:49
and design the interfaces
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ื•ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืง
05:52
that would appear in that film.
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ืฉื™ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
05:55
And the great thing about it was
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื”
05:57
that Alex was so dedicated to the idea of verisimilitude,
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ืฉืืœื›ืก ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืจืื” ืกื‘ื™ืจ,
06:00
the idea that the putative 2054
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืœ-2054
06:03
that we were painting in the film be believable,
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ืฉืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืชื”ื™ื™ื” ืืžื™ื ื”,
06:06
that he allowed us to take on that design work
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจืฉื” ืœื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ
06:08
as if it were an R&D effort.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคืชื•ื—.
06:10
And the result is sort of
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช,
06:12
gratifyingly perpetual.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื ืฆื—ื™, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉื‘ื™ืข ืจืฆื•ืŸ.
06:14
People still reference those sequences in "Minority Report"
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืงื˜ืขื™ื ื‘"ื“ื•ื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“"
06:17
when they talk about new UI design.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ.
06:19
So this led full circle, in a strange way,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ืœืกื’ื™ืจืช ืžืขื’ืœ,
06:21
to build these ideas into what we believe
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื
06:24
is the necessary future of human machine interface:
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ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืง ืื“ื-ืžื›ื•ื ื”,
06:27
the Spatial Operating Environment, we call it.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
06:32
So here we have a bunch of stuff, some images.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
06:35
And, using a hand,
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ื•, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“,
06:37
we can actually exercise six degrees of freedom,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืชืจื’ืœ ืฉืฉ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ,
06:40
six degrees of navigational control.
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ืฉืฉ ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ ื ื•ื•ื˜.
06:43
And it's fun to fly through Mr. Beckett's eye.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืœืจื—ืฃ ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื‘ืงื˜.
06:45
And you can come back out
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
06:47
through the scary orangutan.
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืื•ืจื ื’ืื•ื˜ืŸ ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
06:49
And that's all well and good.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื ื—ืžื“ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘.
06:52
Let's do something a little more difficult.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื”.
06:55
Here, we have a whole bunch of disparate images.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืขืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช.
06:57
We can fly around them.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื—ืฃ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืŸ.
06:59
So navigation is a fundamental issue.
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ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืขื™ืงืจื™
07:01
You have to be able to navigate in 3D.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื.
07:04
Much of what we want computers to help us with in the first place
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืงื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ื‘ื•, ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
07:07
is inherently spatial.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืจื—ื‘.
07:09
And the part that isn't spatial can often be spatialized
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ื•ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืจื—ื‘ื™.
07:11
to allow our wetware to make greater sense of it.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:14
Now we can distribute this stuff in many different ways.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื–ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
07:17
So we can throw it out like that. Let's reset it.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื›ื”. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืืชื—ืœ ืืช ื–ื”.
07:19
We can organize it this way.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื›ื”.
07:21
And, of course, it's not just about navigation,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื ืœื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืคื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜,
07:24
but about manipulation as well.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื.
07:26
So if we don't like stuff,
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ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•
07:28
or we're intensely curious about
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ืื• ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืกืงืจื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉื”ื•,
07:30
Ernst Haeckel's scientific falsifications,
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ื”ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืืจื ืกื˜ ื”ืงืœ,
07:33
we can pull them out like that.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื›ืš.
07:35
And then if it's time for analysis, we can pull back a little bit
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ื•ืื– ืื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื—, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกื’ืช ืงืฆืช
07:38
and ask for a different distribution.
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ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช.
07:43
Let's just come down a bit
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจื“ ืงืฆืช
07:46
and fly around.
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ื•ื ืจื—ืฃ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘.
07:49
So that's a different way to look at stuff.
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ื•ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
07:52
If you're of a more analytical nature
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื›ื
07:54
then you might want, actually, to look at this
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”
07:56
as a color histogram.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข.
07:59
So now we've got the stuff color-sorted,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืžืžื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฆื‘ืข,
08:02
angle maps onto color.
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ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืคื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฆื‘ืข.
08:05
And now, if we want to select stuff,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื ืจืฆื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื•,
08:07
3D, space,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื, ืžืจื—ื‘,
08:09
the idea that we're tracking hands in real space
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ืฉืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืืžื™ืชื™
08:12
becomes really important because we can reach in,
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืคื ื™ืžื”,
08:15
not in 2D, not in fake 2D, but in actual 3D.
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ืœื ื‘ื“ื• ืžื™ืžื“, ืœื ื‘ื“ื• ืžื™ืžื“ ืžื–ื•ื™ืฃ, ืืœื ื‘ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ืืžื™ืชื™.
08:17
Here are some selection planes.
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ื”ื ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
08:19
And we'll perform this Boolean operation
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ื•ื ื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื•ืœื™ืื ื™ืช
08:22
because we really love yellow and tapirs on green grass.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื•ื˜ืคื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืฉื ื™ืจื•ืง.
08:34
So, from there to the world of real work.
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ื•ืžืฉื, ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
08:37
Here's a logistics system,
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ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
08:39
a small piece of one that we're currently building.
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ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ื•ื ื™ื.
08:41
There're a lot of elements.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื.
08:43
And one thing that's very important is to combine traditional tabular data
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื‘ื•ืกืก-ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™,
08:46
with three-dimensional and geospatial information.
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ืขื ืžื™ื“ืข ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™.
08:49
So here's a familiar place.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจ.
08:52
And we'll bring this back here for a second.
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ื ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื”.
08:55
Maybe select a little bit of that.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืงืฆืช ืžื–ื”.
08:58
And bring out this graph.
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ื•ื ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ื’ืจืืฃ ื”ื–ื”.
09:01
And we should, now,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœื™ื ื•
09:03
be able to fly in here
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืจื—ืฃ ืœื›ืืŸ
09:06
and have a closer look.
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ื•ืœืชืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืงืจื•ื‘.
09:09
These are logistics elements
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ืืœื• ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื
09:11
that are scattered across the United States.
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ืฉืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
09:20
One thing that three-dimensional interactions
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“
09:23
and the general idea of imbuing
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืžืขื”
09:25
computation with space affords you
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื ื•,
09:27
is a final destruction of that unfortunate
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืจืก ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ืžืฆืขืจ,
09:29
one-to-one pairing between human beings and computers.
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ืื•ืชื• ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ืื—ื“-ืœืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
09:32
That's the old way, that's the old mantra:
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ื–ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉื ื”, ื”ืžื ื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”,
09:34
one machine, one human, one mouse, one screen.
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ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช, ืื“ื ืื—ื“, ืขื›ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“, ืžืกืš ืื—ื“.
09:36
Well, that doesn't really cut it anymore.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืชืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:39
In the real world, we have people who collaborate;
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”,
09:42
we have people who have to work together,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
09:45
and we have many different displays.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืชืฆื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
09:48
And we might want to look at these various images.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
09:51
We might want to ask for some help.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ื‘ืงืฉ ืงืฆืช ืขื–ืจื”.
09:53
The author of this new pointing device
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ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ
09:56
is sitting over there,
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ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ,
09:58
so I can pull this from there to there.
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ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืžืฉื ืœืฉื.
10:00
These are unrelated machines, right?
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ืืœื• ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช.
10:03
So the computation is space soluble and network soluble.
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ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžืžื™ืก ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืช.
10:06
So I'm going to leave that over there
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ืื ื™ ืืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื
10:08
because I have a question for Paul.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ืืœ ืคื•ืœ.
10:10
Paul is the designer of this wand, and maybe its easiest
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ืคื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื” ื”ืงืกืžื™ื, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ
10:12
for him to come over here and tell me in person what's going on.
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ืœื‘ื ืœื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืคื”.
10:15
So let me get some of these out of the way.
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ืชืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืืช ืืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ืคืจื™ืขื•.
10:20
Let's pull this apart:
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืคืจืง ืืช ื–ื”,
10:23
I'll go ahead and explode it.
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ืื ื™ ืืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืืคื•ืฆืฅ ืืช ื–ื”,
10:26
Kevin, can you help?
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ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ?
10:33
Let me see if I can help us find the circuit board.
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
10:38
Mind you, it's a sort of gratuitous field-stripping exercise,
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘, ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื—ืฉื™ืคื”,
10:41
but we do it in the lab all the time.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
10:44
All right.
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ื˜ื•ื‘.
10:46
So collaborative work, whether it's immediately co-located
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“,
10:49
or distant and distinct, is always important.
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ืื• ืžืจื•ื—ืงืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
10:52
And again, that stuff
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
10:54
needs to be undertaken in the context of space.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืœืงื— ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžืจื—ื‘.
10:59
And finally, I'd like to leave you with a glimpse
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืขื ื”ืฆืฆื”
11:02
that takes us back to the world of imagery.
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ืฉืœื•ืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
11:04
This is a system called TAMPER,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช TAMPER,
11:06
which is a slightly whimsical look
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ื‘ืขืœืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื’ื—ืžื ื™ ืงืฆืช
11:08
at what the future of editing
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื”
11:10
and media manipulation systems might be.
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ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
11:12
We at Oblong believe that media should be
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืื•ื‘ืœื•ื ื’ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
11:14
accessible in much more fine-grained form.
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ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื“ื™ืŸ.
11:17
So we have a large number of movies
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ื
11:19
stuck inside here.
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ืฉืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื.
11:21
And let's just pick out a few elements.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื.
11:24
We can zip through them
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ืคื–ืค ื‘ื™ื ื”ื
11:27
as a possibility.
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ื›ืืคืฉืจื•ืช.
11:29
We can grab elements off the front,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช,
11:31
where upon they reanimate, come to life,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื, ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื,
11:34
and drag them down onto the table here.
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ื•ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืœืžื˜ื” ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื›ืืŸ.
11:39
We'll go over to Jacques Tati here
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ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื’'ืืง ื˜ืื˜ื™ ื›ืืŸ
11:42
and grab our blue friend
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ื•ื ืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื ื• ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ
11:45
and put him down on the table as well.
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ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื’ื ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
11:48
We may need more than one.
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ื“.
11:53
And we probably need,
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ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš,
11:55
well, we probably need a cowboy
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืงืื•ื‘ื•ื™
11:57
to be quite honest.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช.
11:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:01
Yeah, let's
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ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืื•
12:04
take that one.
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ื ื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื•.
12:06
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:08
You see, cowboys and French farce people
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืงืื•ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืคืืจืกื” ืฆืจืคืชื™ื™ื
12:10
don't go well together, and the system knows that.
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ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ื–ื”.
12:15
Let me leave with one final thought,
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื—ืช,
12:17
and that is that
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉ...
12:19
one of the greatest English language writers
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
12:21
of the last three decades
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ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
12:23
suggested that great art is always a gift.
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ืืžืจ ืฉืืžื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชื ื”.
12:26
And he wasn't talking about whether the novel costs 24.95 [dollars],
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืœื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” 24.95,
12:29
or whether you have to spring 70 million bucks
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœื™ื• 70 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
12:31
to buy the stolen Vermeer;
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”-"ื•ืจืžื™ืจ" ื”ื’ื ื•ื‘.
12:33
he was talking about the circumstances of its creation
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœื•
12:35
and of its existence.
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœื•.
12:37
And I think that it's time that we asked
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื‘ืงืฉ
12:39
for the same from technology.
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ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
12:41
Technology is capable of
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช
12:43
expressing and being imbued with
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ืœื‘ื˜ื ื•ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”
12:46
a certain generosity,
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ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื,
12:48
and we need to demand that, in fact.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื–ืืช, ืœืžืขืฉื”.
12:50
For some of this kind of technology,
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ืœื›ืžื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
12:53
ground center is
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ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื
12:56
a combination of design, which is crucially important.
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ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™.
12:58
We can't have advances in technology any longer
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
13:01
unless design is integrated from the very start.
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ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
13:04
And, as well, as of efficacy, agency.
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ื›ืžื• ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
13:07
We're, as human beings, the creatures that create,
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ืื ื—ื ื•, ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ, ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื,
13:10
and we should make sure that our machines aid us in that task
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ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•
13:13
and are built in that same image.
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ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื–ื•.
13:16
So I will leave you with that. Thank you.
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ืื ื™ ืืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื›ื ื‘ื–ื”. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
13:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืฃ)
13:33
Chris Anderson: So to ask the obvious question --
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ืงืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืื ื™ ืืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉืช --
13:36
actually this is from Bill Gates --
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžืืช ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก --
13:38
when? (John Underkoffler: When?)
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ืžืชื™? ื’'.ื: ืžืชื™?
13:41
CA: When real? When for us, not just in a lab and on a stage?
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ืง.ื: ืžืชื™ ื‘ืืžืช? ืžืชื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืื• ืžืฆื’ืช?
13:45
Can it be for every man, or is this just for corporations and movie producers?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื ืื• ืจืง ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื• ืœืžืคื™ืงื™ ืกืจื˜ื™ื?
13:48
JU: No, it has to be for every human being.
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ื’'.ื.: ืœื. ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื.
13:50
That's our goal entirely.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
13:52
We won't have succeeded
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”
13:54
unless we take that next big step.
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ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื ืฆืขื“ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื.
13:56
I mean it's been 25 years.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืœืคื• 25 ืฉื ื™ื.
13:58
Can there really be only one interface? There can't.
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ื”ืื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืจืง ืœืžืžืฉืง ืื—ื“? ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ.
14:00
CA: But does that mean that, at your desk or in your home,
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ื›.ื.: ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืื• ื‘ื™ืช,
14:02
you need projectors, cameras?
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ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืžืงืจื ื™ื? ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช?
14:05
You know, how can it work?
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“?
14:07
JU: No, this stuff will be built into the bezel of every display.
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ื’'.ื: ืœื ื–ื” ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฆื’.
14:09
It'll be built into architecture.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
14:11
The gloves go away in a matter of months or years.
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ื”ื›ืคืคื•ืช ื™ืขืœืžื• ืชื•ืš ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื• ืฉื ื™ื.
14:14
So this is the inevitability about it.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ื•ืจื— ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”.
14:16
CA: So, in your mind, five years time,
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ื›.ื.: ื›ืš ืฉืœื“ืขืชืš, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื,
14:18
someone can buy this as part of
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ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื—ืœืง
14:20
a standard computer interface?
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ืžืžืฉืง ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™?
14:22
JU: I think in five years time when you buy a computer,
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ื’'.ื: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืขืชื” ืื ืชืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื—ืฉื‘,
14:25
you'll get this.
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ืชืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื”.
14:27
CA: Well that's cool.
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ื›.ื.: ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืžื’ื ื™ื‘.
14:29
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:33
The world has a habit of surprising us as to how these things are actually used.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืื™ืš ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
14:36
What do you think, what in your mind is the first killer app for this?
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืžื” ืœื“ืขืชืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื”?
14:39
JU: That's a good question, and we ask ourselves that every day.
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ื’',ื: ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื.
14:42
At the moment, our early-adopter customers --
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ื›ืจื’ืข, ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื --
14:45
and these systems are deployed out in the real world --
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ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ --
14:48
do all the big data intensive, data heavy problems with it.
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ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืžืกื“ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
14:51
So, whether it's logistics and supply chain management
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืื• ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืืกืคืงื”
14:53
or natural gas and resource extraction,
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ืื• ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื,
14:56
financial services, pharmaceuticals, bioinformatics,
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ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื, ืชืขืฉื™ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื•-ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
14:59
those are the topics right now, but that's not a killer app.
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ืืœื• ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช.
15:01
And I understand what you're asking.
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืืชื” ืฉื•ืืœ.
15:03
CA: C'mon, c'mon. Martial arts, games. C'mon.
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ื›.ื.: ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืื•ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื, ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
15:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:07
John, thank you for making science-fiction real.
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ื’'ื•ืŸ. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ืฉื”ืคื›ืช ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
15:10
JU: It's been a great pleasure.
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ื’'.ื.: ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื ื’ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
15:12
Thank you to you all.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ื•ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื.
15:14
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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