Ken Jennings: Watson, Jeopardy and me, the obsolete know-it-all

253,117 views ใƒป 2013-04-05

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
In two weeks time, that's the ninth anniversary
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืžืœืื• ืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื
00:15
of the day I first stepped out onto that hallowed "Jeopardy" set.
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ืœื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืืœ ืชืคืื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžื”ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ "ื’'ืคืจื“ื™".
00:19
I mean, nine years is a long time.
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ืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
00:21
And given "Jeopardy's" average demographics,
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ื•ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ "ื’'ืคืจื“ื™",
00:23
I think what that means
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
00:24
is most of the people who saw me on that show are now dead.
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ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจืื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื™ื.
00:27
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
00:29
But not all, a few are still alive.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ื•ืœื. ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื.
00:31
Occasionally I still get recognized at the mall or whatever.
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ืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืืœื”.
00:33
And when I do, it's as a bit of a know-it-all.
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ื•ื›ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื“ืขืŸ-ื›ืœ.
00:36
I think that ship has sailed, it's too late for me.
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ืžื ื™ ืขื‘ืจ. ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
00:38
For better or for worse, that's what I'm going to be known as,
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ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืœืจืข, ื›ื›ื” ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื™,
00:41
as the guy who knew a lot of weird stuff.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื.
00:44
And I can't complain about this.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš.
00:46
I feel like that was always sort of my destiny,
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฉืœื™,
00:49
although I had for many years been pretty deeply in the trivia closet.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื”.
00:52
If nothing else, you realize very quickly as a teenager,
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ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”, ื›ืฉืืชื” ืฆืขื™ืจ ืืชื” ืงื•ืœื˜ ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“,
00:55
it is not a hit with girls to know Captain Kirk's middle name.
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ืฉื–ื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื• ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฉืœ ืงืคื˜ืŸ ืงื™ืจืง ืœื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืš ืขื ื‘ื ื•ืช.
00:58
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
00:59
And as a result, I was sort of the deeply closeted kind of know-it-all for many years.
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ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข-ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ืกื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื.
01:03
But if you go further back, if you look at it, it's all there.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื•ืจื”, ืื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื, ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื.
01:07
I was the kind of kid who was always bugging Mom and Dad
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืžื ื“ื ื“ ืœืืžื ื•ืื‘ื
01:10
with whatever great fact I had just read about --
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ืขื ืื™ื–ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ืงืจืืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”--
01:13
Haley's comet or giant squids
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ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ ืื• ืชืžื ื•ื ื™ ืขื ืง
01:14
or the size of the world's biggest pumpkin pie or whatever it was.
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ืื• ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืฉื˜ื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ืœืขืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื• ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”.
01:18
I now have a 10-year-old of my own who's exactly the same.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ 10 ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ื–ื”.
01:21
And I know how deeply annoying it is, so karma does work.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ, ืื– ื”ืงืืจืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
01:26
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:27
And I loved game shows, fascinated with game shows.
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ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื ืจื™ืชืงื• ืื•ืชื™.
01:30
I remember crying on my first day of kindergarten back in 1979
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉื‘ื›ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื’ืŸ, ื‘-1979
01:33
because it had just hit me, as badly as I wanted to go to school,
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ื›ื™ ืคืชืื•ื ืงืœื˜ืชื™, ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก,
01:36
that I was also going to miss "Hollywood Squares" and "Family Feud."
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืืคืกื™ื“ ืืช "ืชืฉืข ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข" ื•ืืช "ื˜ื•ื˜ื• ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™".
01:39
I was going to miss my game shows.
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ืื ื™ ืืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
01:43
And later, in the mid-'80s,
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80,
01:45
when "Jeopardy" came back on the air,
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ื›ืฉ"ื’'ืคืจื“ื™" ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื“ืจืช,
01:47
I remember running home from school every day to watch the show.
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืจืฆืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช.
01:51
It was my favorite show, even before it paid for my house.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™, ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื ืชื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
01:56
And we lived overseas, we lived in South Korea where my dad was working,
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ื•ื’ืจื ื• ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื’ืจื ื• ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ืฉื‘ื” ืขื‘ื“ ืื‘ื™,
01:59
where there was only one English language TV channel.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืจืง ืขืจื•ืฅ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืื—ื“.
02:01
There was Armed Forces TV,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ืชื—ื ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื,
02:02
and if you didn't speak Korean, that's what you were watching.
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ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช ืฆืคื” ืจืง ื‘ื”.
02:05
So me and all my friends would run home every day and watch "Jeopardy."
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืฆื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช "ื’'ืคืจื“ื™" (ืžืœืš ื”ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื”).
02:08
I was always that kind of obsessed trivia kid.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื–ื” ื™ืœื“ ืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื”
02:11
I remember being able to play Trivial Pursuit against my parents back in the '80s
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืฉื—ืง "ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืืœ ืคืจืกื•ื˜" (ืžืจื“ื™ืฃ ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื”") ื ื’ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80
02:16
and holding my own, back when that was a fad.
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ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืฉืœื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื”.
02:19
There's a weird sense of mastery you get
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ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ
02:21
when you know some bit of boomer trivia that Mom and Dad don't know.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืžื” ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืืžื ื•ืื‘ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
02:24
You know some Beatles factoid that Dad didn't know.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ื—ืฆืื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ืฉืื‘ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข.
02:28
And you think, ah hah, knowledge really is power --
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ื•ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืื” ื”ื”, ื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื›ื•ื—-
02:31
the right fact deployed at exactly the right place.
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืžืชืคืจืกืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:38
I never had a guidance counselor
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™
02:40
who thought this was a legitimate career path,
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ืฉื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืชื™ื‘ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™,
02:42
that thought you could major in trivia
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ืฉื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื”
02:45
or be a professional ex-game show contestant.
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ืื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืจื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื•ืŸ.
02:48
And so I sold out way too young.
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ื•ื›ืš ื•ื™ืชืจืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžื“ื™.
02:50
I didn't try to figure out what one does with that.
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ืœื ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ื–ื”.
02:52
I studied computers because I heard that was the thing,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ,
02:54
and I became a computer programmer --
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ื•ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืžืชื›ื ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื-
02:56
not an especially good one,
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ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
02:58
not an especially happy one at the time when I was first on "Jeopardy" in 2004.
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ืœื ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื’'ืคืจื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004.
03:03
But that's what I was doing.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™.
03:04
And it made it doubly ironic -- my computer background --
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ื•ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื - ื”ืจืงืข ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื-
03:07
a few years later, I think 2009 or so,
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ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘- 2009 ื‘ืขืจืš,
03:11
when I got another phone call from "Jeopardy" saying,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ื—ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžื’'ืคืจื“ื™ ืฉืืžืจื”:
03:14
"It's early days yet, but IBM tells us
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"ืืœื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืš IBM ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื•
03:16
they want to build a supercomputer to beat you at 'Jeopardy.'
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ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฆื— ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื’'ืคืจื“ื™.
03:21
Are you up for this?"
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ ื–ื”?"
03:23
This was the first I'd heard of it.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
03:24
And of course I said yes, for several reasons.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื›ืŸ, ืžื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
03:27
One, because playing "Jeopardy" is a great time.
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ืื—ืช, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืฉื—ืง ื’'ืคืจื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื“ืจ.
03:29
It's fun. It's the most fun you can have with your pants on.
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ื–ื” ื›ื™ืฃ. ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ืฃ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ืขื ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืขืœื™ืš.
03:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:35
And I would do it for nothing.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
03:36
I don't think they know that, luckily,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ,
03:38
but I would go back and play for Arby's coupons.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœ "ืืจื‘ื™"
03:41
I just love "Jeopardy," and I always have.
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ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื’'ืคืจื“ื™ ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ืื”ื‘ืชื™.
03:43
And second of all, because I'm a nerdy guy and this seemed like the future.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ืช , ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื›ืžื• ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
03:48
People playing computers on game shows
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
03:50
was the kind of thing I always imagined would happen in the future,
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ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื“ืžื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืฉื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
03:53
and now I could be on the stage with it.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ืขื ื–ื”.
03:54
I was not going to say no.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื.
03:55
The third reason I said yes
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื›ืŸ
03:56
is because I was pretty confident that I was going to win.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื ืฆื—.
03:59
I had taken some artificial intelligence classes.
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ืœืงื—ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.
04:01
I knew there were no computers that could do what you need to do to win on "Jeopardy."
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื’'ืคืจื“ื™.
04:05
People don't realize how tough it is to write that kind of program
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช
04:09
that can read a "Jeopardy" clue in a natural language like English
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ืจืžื– ื’'ืคืจื“ื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
04:12
and understand all the double meanings, the puns, the red herrings,
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช, ืืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื, ืืช ื”ื”ื˜ืขื™ื•ืช,
04:16
unpack the meaning of the clue.
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ืœืคืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื’.
04:18
The kind of thing that a three- or four-year-old human, little kid could do,
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ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ืœื“ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 3-4, ืื• 4,
04:23
very hard for a computer.
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ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘.
04:25
And I thought, well this is going to be child's play.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™,ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
04:28
Yes, I will come destroy the computer and defend my species.
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืื‘ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื™.
04:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:35
But as the years went on,
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ืืš ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื™ื
04:37
as IBM started throwing money and manpower and processor speed at this,
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ื›ืฉ- IBM ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื–ืจื•ืง ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื•ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
04:40
I started to get occasional updates from them,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ื ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื,
04:43
and I started to get a little more worried.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื“ืื’.
04:44
I remember a journal article about this new question answering software that had a graph.
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืžืืžืจ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉืžืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืŸ ื’ืจืฃ.
04:50
It was a scatter chart showing performance on "Jeopardy,"
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืชืจืฉื™ื ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื’'ืคืจื“ื™,
04:54
tens of thousands of dots representing "Jeopardy" champions up at the top
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืืœื•ืคื™ ื’'ืคืจื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืคื™ืกื’ื”
04:58
with their performance plotted on number of --
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ืขื ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืžื•ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ-
05:00
I was going to say questions answered, but answers questioned, I guess,
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ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœื•, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—,
05:04
clues responded to --
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ืจืžื–ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื-
05:06
versus the accuracy of those answers.
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื”.
05:09
So there's a certain performance level that the computer would need to get to.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”.
05:12
And at first, it was very low.
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ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžืื•ื“.
05:14
There was no software that could compete at this kind of arena.
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื™ืจื”.
05:17
But then you see the line start to go up.
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ื•ืื– ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืงื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช.
05:19
And it's getting very close to what they call the winner's cloud.
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ื•ื–ื–ื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื.
05:22
And I noticed in the upper right of the scatter chart
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ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจืฉื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ
05:24
some darker dots, some black dots, that were a different color.
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ื›ืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื•ื ื”.
05:30
And thought, what are these?
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ืžื” ื”ื ืืœื”?
05:31
"The black dots in the upper right represent 74-time 'Jeopardy' champion Ken Jennings."
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"ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช 74ืคืขื ืืœื•ืฃ ื”ื’'ืคืจื“ื™ ืงืŸ ื’'ื ื™ื ื’ืก."
05:35
And I saw this line coming for me.
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ื•ืื– ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื• ื”ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™.
05:37
And I realized, this is it.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™, ื–ื”ื• ื–ื”.
05:38
This is what it looks like when the future comes for you.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ืš.
05:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:42
It's not the Terminator's gun sight;
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืจืื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืืงื“ื— ื‘ "ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช";
05:45
it's a little line coming closer and closer to the thing you can do,
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ื–ื” ืงื• ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
05:49
the only thing that makes you special, the thing you're best at.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืชื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื•.
05:52
And when the game eventually happened about a year later,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:57
it was very different than the "Jeopardy" games I'd been used to.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื’'ืคืจื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื.
06:00
We were not playing in L.A. on the regular "Jeopardy" set.
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ืœื ืฉื™ื—ืงื ื• ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื’'ืคืจื“ื™.
06:02
Watson does not travel.
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ื•ื•ื˜ืกื•ืŸ ืœื ื ื•ืกืข.
06:04
Watson's actually huge.
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ื•ื•ื˜ืกื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืง .
06:05
It's thousands of processors, a terabyte of memory,
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ื–ื” ืืœืคื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ,
06:10
trillions of bytes of memory.
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ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ.
06:11
We got to walk through his climate-controlled server room.
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ื™ืฆื ืœื ื• ืœืœื›ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ืืงืœื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื•.
06:14
The only other "Jeopardy" contestant to this day I've ever been inside.
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ืžืชื—ืจื” ื”ื’'ืคืจื“ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.
06:17
And so Watson does not travel.
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ื•ื›ืš ื•ื•ื˜ืกื•ืŸ ืœื ื ื•ืกืข.
06:21
You must come to it; you must make the pilgrimage.
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื•: ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืืœื™ื• ืœืจื’ืœ.
06:25
So me and the other human player
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื™
06:27
wound up at this secret IBM research lab
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ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ IBM
06:30
in the middle of these snowy woods in Westchester County
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœื’ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืกื˜ืฆ'ืกื˜ืจ ืงืื•ื ื˜ื™
06:33
to play the computer.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘.
06:34
And we realized right away
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ื• ืžื™ื“
06:36
that the computer had a big home court advantage.
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ืฉืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืชื™ .
06:39
There was a big Watson logo in the middle of the stage.
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ื”ื™ื” ืกืžืœ ื•ื•ื˜ืกื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืžื”.
06:41
Like you're going to play the Chicago Bulls,
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘"ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื‘ื•ืœืก",
06:44
and there's the thing in the middle of their court.
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ืฉืœื”ื.
06:46
And the crowd was full of IBM V.P.s and programmers
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ื•ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ื‘-ืกื’ื ื™ ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ื•ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ืฉืœ IBM
06:50
cheering on their little darling,
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ืžืจื™ืขื™ื ืœื™ืงื™ืจื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ,
06:52
having poured millions of dollars into this
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉืคื›ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื–ื”
06:54
hoping against hope that the humans screw up,
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื™ืคืฉืœื•,
06:57
and holding up "Go Watson" signs
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ื•ืžื ื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื™ "ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ื•ื˜ืกื•ืŸ"
06:59
and just applauding like pageant moms every time their little darling got one right.
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ื•ืจืง ืžื•ื—ืื™ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืžืจื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื™ืงื™ืจื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืขื ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
07:03
I think guys had "W-A-T-S-O-N" written on their bellies in grease paint.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” "W-A-T-S-O-N" ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืฉืžืŸ.
07:09
If you can imagine computer programmers with the letters "W-A-T-S-O-N" written on their gut,
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ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ืขื ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช "W-A-T-S-O-N" ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื,
07:15
it's an unpleasant sight.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื—ื–ื” ืœื ื ืขื™ื.
07:16
But they were right. They were exactly right.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฆื“ืงื•. ื”ื ืฆื“ืงื• ืœื’ืžืจื™
07:19
I don't want to spoil it, if you still have this sitting on your DVR,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงืœืงืœ ื–ืืช, ืื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘- DVR ืฉืœื›ื,
07:22
but Watson won handily.
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ืื‘ืœ ื•ื•ื˜ืกื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆื— ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
07:25
And I remember standing there behind the podium
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืžื“ื™ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ื“ื™ื•ื
07:28
as I could hear that little insectoid thumb clicking.
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ื›ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืœื—ื™ืฆืช ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ืงื˜ื ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ืžื•ื™-ื—ืจืง .
07:31
It had a robot thumb that was clicking on the buzzer.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžื–ื.
07:34
And you could hear that little tick, tick, tick, tick.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืง, ื˜ื™ืง, ื˜ื™ืง, ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
07:38
And I remember thinking, this is it.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื–ื”ื• ื–ื”.
07:41
I felt obsolete.
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืžื™ ืฉื–ืžื ื• ืขื‘ืจ.
07:42
I felt like a Detroit factory worker of the '80s
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืžื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื“ื˜ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”-80
07:45
seeing a robot that could now do his job on the assembly line.
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ื›ืฉืจืื” ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืงื• ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ื”.
07:48
I felt like quiz show contestant was now the first job that had become obsolete
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืชื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื›ืขืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื–ืžื ื•
07:53
under this new regime of thinking computers.
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ืชื—ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
07:57
And it hasn't been the last.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
07:59
If you watch the news, you'll see occasionally --
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ืื ืืชื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื-
08:02
and I see this all the time --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ-
08:03
that pharmacists now, there's a machine that can fill prescriptions automatically
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ื”ืจื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ืžืจืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™
08:08
without actually needing a human pharmacist.
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ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจื•ืงื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
08:11
And a lot of law firms are getting rid of paralegals
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ืžืžืชืžื—ื™ื
08:13
because there's software that can sum up case laws and legal briefs and decisions.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื›ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
08:17
You don't need human assistants for that anymore.
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ืœื ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื–ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
08:20
I read the other day about a program where you feed it a box score
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ืงืจืืชื™ ืœื ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื” ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
08:23
from a baseball or football game
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ืžืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืื• ืคื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ
08:25
and it spits out a news article as if a human had watched the game
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืœื˜ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืื“ื ืฉืฆืคื” ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง
08:27
and was commenting on it.
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ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
08:29
And obviously these new technologies can't do as clever or creative a job
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื›ืžื” ืื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช
08:33
as the humans they're replacing,
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช,
08:34
but they're faster, and crucially, they're much, much cheaper.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ , ื”ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœื•ืช.
08:38
So it makes me wonder what the economic effects of this might be.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
08:43
I've read economists saying that, as a result of these new technologies,
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ืงืจืืชื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืืœื•,
08:46
we'll enter a new golden age of leisure
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื”ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคื ืื™
08:48
when we'll all have time for the things we really love
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช
08:51
because all these onerous tasks will be taken over by Watson and his digital brethren.
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ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื™ื™ืœืงื—ื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื˜ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื.
08:58
I've heard other people say quite the opposite,
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืคืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
08:59
that this is yet another tier of the middle class
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ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื
09:02
that's having the thing they can do taken away from them by a new technology
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืœืงื— ืžื”ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
09:07
and that this is actually something ominous,
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ื•ืฉื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืจืขื”,
09:08
something that we should worry about.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื ื•.
09:10
I'm not an economist myself.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื›ืœื›ืœืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
09:11
All I know is how it felt to be the guy put out of work.
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ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ืื™ืš ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•.
09:15
And it was friggin' demoralizing. It was terrible.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื™ืืฉ ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื“. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืจื.
09:18
Here's the one thing that I was ever good at,
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ื›ืืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื•,
09:20
and all it took was IBM pouring tens of millions of dollars and its smartest people
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ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืฉ- IBM ื™ืฉืคื•ืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื•ื™ื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ืื ืฉื™ื• ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื
09:24
and thousands of processors working in parallel
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ื•ืืœืคื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ
09:27
and they could do the same thing.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
09:29
They could do it a little bit faster and a little better on national TV,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ื•ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช,
09:32
and "I'm sorry, Ken. We don't need you anymore."
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ื• "ืžืฆื˜ืขืจื™ื, ืงืŸ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ื™ื•ืชืจ".
09:35
And it made me think, what does this mean,
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
09:39
if we're going to be able to start outsourcing,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ,
09:40
not just lower unimportant brain functions.
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ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ื ืžื™ืš ืืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
09:44
I'm sure many of you remember a distant time
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื
09:46
when we had to know phone numbers, when we knew our friends' phone numbers.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืกืคืจื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืืช ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
09:49
And suddenly there was a machine that did that,
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”,
09:51
and now we don't need to remember that anymore.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ.
09:54
I have read that there's now actually evidence
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ืงืจืืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื”
09:55
that the hippocampus, the part of our brain that handles spacial relationships,
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ืฉื”ื”ื™ืคื•ืงืžืคื•ืก, ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื™ื,
10:00
physically shrinks and atrophies
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ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ืžืชื ื•ื•ืŸ
10:02
in people who use tools like GPS,
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ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• GPS,
10:04
because we're not exercising our sense of direction anymore.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
10:07
We're just obeying a little talking voice on our dashboard.
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ืื ื• ืจืง ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœืงื•ืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
10:09
And as a result, a part of our brain that's supposed to do that kind of stuff
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
10:12
gets smaller and dumber.
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ื ืขืฉื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื˜ื™ืคืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ..
10:13
And it made me think, what happens when computers are now better
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
10:17
at knowing and remembering stuff than we are?
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ื‘ืœื“ืขืช, ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื•?
10:21
Is all of our brain going to start to shrink and atrophy like that?
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ื”ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ื•ืœื”ืชื ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืš?
10:25
Are we as a culture going to start to value knowledge less?
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ื”ืื ืื ื• ื›ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื™ื“ืข ืคื—ื•ืช?
10:29
As somebody who has always believed in the importance of the stuff that we know,
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ื›ืžื™ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
10:32
this was a terrifying idea to me.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ืขื™ืช.
10:40
The more I thought about it, I realized, no, it's still important.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื”ื‘ื ืชื™, ืœื, ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
10:45
The things we know are still important.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
10:47
I came to believe there were two advantages
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช
10:50
that those of us who have these things in our head have
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ืœืืœื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉ
10:54
over somebody who says, "Oh, yeah. I can Google that. Hold on a second."
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ืžืขืœ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ: "ื”ื•, ื›ืŸ. ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื•ื’ืœ ืืช ื–ื”. ื—ื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.."
10:58
There's an advantage of volume, and there's an advantage of time.
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ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืคื—, ื™ืฉื ื• ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ.
11:01
The advantage of volume, first,
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ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคื—, ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ,
11:03
just has to do with the complexity of the world nowadays.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื.
11:05
There's so much information out there.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
11:07
Being a Renaissance man or woman,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืื• ืืฉืช ืจื ืกืื ืก,
11:08
that's something that was only possible in the Renaissance.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืจืง ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจื ืกืื ืก.
11:10
Now it's really not possible
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™
11:11
to be reasonably educated on every field of human endeavor.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
11:14
There's just too much.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™.
11:16
They say that the scope of human information
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
11:19
is now doubling every 18 months or so,
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ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ืขืชื” ื›ืœ 18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš,
11:21
the sum total of human information.
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ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
11:23
That means between now and late 2014,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืกื•ืฃ 2014,
11:27
we will generate as much information, in terms of gigabytes,
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ืื ื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’'ื™ื’ื”-ื‘ืชื™ื,
11:30
as all of humanity has in all the previous millenia put together.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื.
11:34
It's doubling every 18 months now.
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ืคืœ ื›ืœ 18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
11:36
This is terrifying because a lot of the big decisions we make
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ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื
11:40
require the mastery of lots of different kinds of facts.
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ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
11:43
A decision like where do I go to school? What should I major in?
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืœื›ืช? ื‘ืžื” ืขืœื™ ืœื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช?
11:48
Who do I vote for?
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ื‘ืขื“ ืžื™ ืขืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข?
11:49
Do I take this job or that one?
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ื”ืื ืขืœื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืžืฉืจื” ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช?
11:51
These are the decisions that require correct judgments
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ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื ื›ื•ืŸ
11:55
about many different kinds of facts.
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ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
11:57
If we have those facts at our mental fingertips,
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ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืœื” ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืžื ื˜ืืœื™ืช,
11:59
we're going to be able to make informed decisions.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช.
12:01
If, on the other hand, we need to look them all up,
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ืื, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชืŸ
12:04
we may be in trouble.
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ืื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช.
12:06
According to a National Geographic survey I just saw,
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ืœืคื™ ืกืงืจ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ื’'ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืง ืฉืจืื™ืชื™,
12:08
somewhere along the lines of 80 percent
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ืื™ืคืฉื”ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืœ 80 ืื—ื•ื–
12:10
of the people who vote in a U.S. presidential election about issues like foreign policy
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ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฅ
12:14
cannot find Iraq or Afghanistan on a map.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขื™ืจืืง ืื• ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื”.
12:17
If you can't do that first step,
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ืื ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
12:20
are you really going to look up the other thousand facts you're going to need to know
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ืืœืฃ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช
12:23
to master your knowledge of U.S. foreign policy?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช?
12:26
Quite probably not.
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ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื.
12:27
At some point you're just going to be like,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื•,
12:28
"You know what? There's too much to know. Screw it."
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"ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”? ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžื” ืœื“ืขืช. ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ืขื ื–ื”."
12:30
And you'll make a less informed decision.
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ื•ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช .
12:32
The other issue is the advantage of time that you have
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš
12:35
if you have all these things at your fingertips.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœื™ื“.
12:37
I always think of the story of a little girl named Tilly Smith.
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื˜ื™ืœื™ ืกืžื™ืช.
12:41
She was a 10-year-old girl from Surrey, England
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ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช 10 ืžืกืืจื™, ืื ื’ืœื™ื”
12:43
on vacation with her parents a few years ago in Phuket, Thailand.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืงื˜, ืชืื™ืœื ื“.
12:47
She runs up to them on the beach one morning
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ื”ื™ื ืจืฆื” ืืœื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื—ื“
12:48
and says, "Mom, Dad, we've got to get off the beach."
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ื•ืื•ืžืจืช, "ืืžื, ืื‘ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ."
12:51
And they say, "What do you mean? We just got here."
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ื•ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืœืžื” ืืช ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช? ืจืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื›ืืŸ."
12:54
And she said, "In Mr. Kearney's geography class last month,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ื‘ื›ื™ืชืช ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจ ืงื™ืจื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืขื‘ืจ,
12:57
he told us that when the tide goes out abruptly out to sea
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ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืคืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ืืœ ื”ื™ื
13:00
and you see the waves churning way out there,
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ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื ืกื•ืื ื™ื ืฉื ,
13:01
that's the sign of a tsunami, and you need to clear the beach."
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืฆื•ื ืืžื™, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ"
13:06
What would you do if your 10-year-old daughter came up to you with this?
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื ื‘ืชื›ื ื‘ืช ื”-10 ื‘ืื” ืœื›ื ืขื ื–ื”?
13:08
Her parents thought about it,
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”,
13:09
and they finally, to their credit, decided to believe her.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื”.
13:11
They told the lifeguard, they went back to the hotel,
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ื”ื ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœืžืฆื™ืœ, ื”ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžืœื•ืŸ,
13:13
and the lifeguard cleared over 100 people off the beach, luckily,
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ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืœ ืคื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž- 100 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ, ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ,
13:17
because that was the day of the Boxing Day tsunami,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื›ื” ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ,
13:20
the day after Christmas, 2004,
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“, 2004
13:22
that killed thousands of people in Southeast Asia and around the Indian Ocean.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™.
13:26
But not on that beach, not on Mai Khao Beach,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื–ื”, ืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ืžืื™ ืงืื•,
13:28
because this little girl had remembered one fact from her geography teacher a month before.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื–ื›ืจื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื” ืœื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœื” ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
13:33
Now when facts come in handy like that --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื›ื” ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช
13:35
I love that story because it shows you the power of one fact,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืื—ืช,
13:39
one remembered fact in exactly the right place at the right time --
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ --
13:43
normally something that's easier to see on game shows than in real life.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื•ื ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
13:46
But in this case it happened in real life.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
13:48
And it happens in real life all the time.
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ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
13:50
It's not always a tsunami, often it's a social situation.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆื•ื ืืžื™, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
13:52
It's a meeting or job interview or first date
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืื• ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
13:57
or some relationship that gets lubricated
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ืื• ืงืฉืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื–ื•ืจื ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:58
because two people realize they share some common piece of knowledge.
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ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื›ืžื” ืคื™ืกืช ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช.
14:02
You say where you're from, and I say, "Oh, yeah."
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ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, "ื”ื•, ื›ืŸ."
14:04
Or your alma mater or your job,
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ืื• ื”ืืœืžื” ืžืื˜ืจ ืฉืœืš ืื• ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืš,
14:06
and I know just a little something about it,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืžืฅ ืžื–ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš,
14:08
enough to get the ball rolling.
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ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ.
14:09
People love that shared connection that gets created
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ
14:11
when somebody knows something about you.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœื™ืš.
14:13
It's like they took the time to get to know you before you even met.
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื ื”ื˜ืจื™ื—ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื ืคื’ืฉืชื.
14:18
That's often the advantage of time.
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ื–ื”ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
14:19
And it's not effective if you say, "Well, hold on.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœ ืื ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ, "ื˜ื•ื‘, ื—ื›ื” ืจื’ืข.
14:20
You're from Fargo, North Dakota. Let me see what comes up.
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ืืชื” ืžืคืืจื’ื•, ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื“ืงื•ื˜ื” . ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื™ืขืœื”.
14:26
Oh, yeah. Roger Maris was from Fargo."
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ืื•, ื›ืŸ. ืจื•ื’'ืจ ืžืืจื™ืก ื”ื™ื” ืžืคืืจื’ื•.
14:28
That doesn't work. That's just annoying.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“. ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ.
14:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:33
The great 18th-century British theologian and thinker, friend of Dr. Johnson,
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ื”ืชืื•ืœื•ื’ ื•ื”ื•ื’ื” ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžืื” ื”-18 , ื™ื“ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื“ืจ' ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ,
14:39
Samuel Parr once said, "It's always better to know a thing than not to know it."
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ืกืžื•ืืœ ืคืืจ ืืžืจ ืคืขื, "ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื“ืขืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืื•ืชื•."
14:45
And if I have lived my life by any kind of creed, it's probably that.
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ื•ืื ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืกื•ื’ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื”, ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื .
14:50
I have always believed that the things we know -- that knowledge is an absolute good,
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื - ืฉื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ,
14:55
that the things we have learned and carry with us in our heads
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™ื ื•
14:58
are what make us who we are,
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ื”ื ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•,
15:00
as individuals and as a species.
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ื›ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื•ื›ื–ื ื™ื.
15:03
I don't know if I want to live in a world where knowledge is obsolete.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื–ืžื ื•.
15:07
I don't want to live in a world where cultural literacy has been replaced
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื”
15:10
by these little bubbles of specialty,
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช,
15:12
so that none of us know about the common associations
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ื›ืš ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช
15:16
that used to bind our civilization together.
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ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื—ื“.
15:18
I don't want to be the last trivia know-it-all
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื“ืขืŸ-ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื”
15:20
sitting on a mountain somewhere,
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ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืื™ ืฉื,
15:22
reciting to himself the state capitals and the names of "Simpsons" episodes
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ืฉืžื“ืงืœื ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืขืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืืช ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืœ "ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืกื™ืžืคืกื•ืŸ"
15:26
and the lyrics of Abba songs.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื”ืงืช ืื‘ื.
15:30
I feel like our civilization works when this is a vast cultural heritage that we all share
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื
15:34
and that we know without having to outsource it to our devices,
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ื•ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื–ื“ืงืง ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืฉื ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ,
15:37
to our search engines and our smartphones.
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ืœืžื ื•ืขื™ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ืœื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
15:40
In the movies, when computers like Watson start to think,
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื•ื•ื˜ืกื•ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
15:44
things don't always end well.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื’ืžืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘.
15:47
Those movies are never about beautiful utopias.
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ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืขืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื™ืคื•ืช.
15:51
It's always a terminator or a matrix or an astronaut getting sucked out an airlock in "2001."
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.ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ "ืžื—ืกืœ", ืื• ืžื˜ืจื™ืงืก ืื• ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ ืฉื ืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžืชื•ืš ืžื—ืกื•ื ืื•ื™ืจ ื‘-"2001",
15:57
Things always go terribly wrong.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉืชื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื“.
16:00
And I feel like we're sort of at the point now
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื›ืขืช ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื”
16:02
where we need to make that choice of what kind of future we want to be living in.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขืชื™ื“ ื ืจืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.
16:06
This is a question of leadership,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช,
16:07
because it becomes a question of who leads the future.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” - ืžื™ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
16:11
On the one hand, we can choose between a new golden age
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจ ื–ื”ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ
16:17
where information is more universally available
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ืฉื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช
16:21
than it's ever been in human history,
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื™ ืคืขื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
16:22
where we all have the answers to our questions at our fingertips.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“.
16:25
And on the other hand,
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ื•ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช,
16:26
we have the potential to be living in some gloomy dystopia
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื™ื” ืงื•ื“ืจืช
16:29
where the machines have taken over
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•
16:31
and we've all decided it's not important what we know anymore,
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ื•ืฉื‘ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืฉืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
16:34
that knowledge isn't valuable because it's all out there in the cloud,
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ื”ื™ื“ืข ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ื‘ืขื ืŸ,
16:37
and why would we ever bother learning anything new.
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ื•ืœืžื” ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื ื˜ืจื— ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
16:43
Those are the two choices we have. I know which future I would rather be living in.
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ืืœื• ืฉืชื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•. ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ื–ื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.
16:46
And we can all make that choice.
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ื•ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
16:49
We make that choice by being curious, inquisitive people who like to learn,
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ืื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืกืงืจื ื™ื ื•ื—ืงืจื ื™ื ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“,
16:52
who don't just say, "Well, as soon as the bell has rung and the class is over,
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืฆืœืฆื•ืœ ื•ื›ืฉื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื’ืžืจ
16:55
I don't have to learn anymore,"
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ "
16:56
or "Thank goodness I have my diploma. I'm done learning for a lifetime.
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ืื• "ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื’ืžืจ. ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
17:00
I don't have to learn new things anymore."
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ."
17:02
No, every day we should be striving to learn something new.
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ืœื, ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
17:05
We should have this unquenchable curiosity for the world around us.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื’ืžืจืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื•.
17:09
That's where the people you see on "Jeopardy" come from.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืžื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื’'ืคืจื“ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื .
17:12
These know-it-alls, they're not Rainman-style savants
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ื™ื•ื“ืขื™-ื”ื›ืœ ืืœื”, ื”ื ืœื ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ "ืื™ืฉ ื”ื’ืฉื"
17:15
sitting at home memorizing the phone book.
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ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžืฉื ื ื™ื ืืช ืคื ืงืก ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื.
17:17
I've met a lot of them.
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ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื.
17:19
For the most part, they are just normal folks
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ื”ื ืจืง ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื
17:20
who are universally interested in the world around them, curious about everything,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื, ืกืงืจื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืœ,
17:24
thirsty for this knowledge about whatever subject.
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ืฆืžืื™ื ืœื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื”ื•ื.
17:28
We can live in one of these two worlds.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช.
17:30
We can live in a world where our brains, the things that we know,
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
17:33
continue to be the thing that makes us special,
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ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืื•ืชื ื•,
17:35
or a world in which we've outsourced all of that to evil supercomputers from the future like Watson.
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ืื• ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื›ืžื• ื•ื•ื˜ืกื•ืŸ.
17:42
Ladies and gentlemen, the choice is yours.
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ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™, ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
17:44
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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