Amory Lovins: A 40-year plan for energy

141,942 views ใƒป 2012-05-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Jenny Zurawell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: amir Goldstein ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
America's public energy conversation
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ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
00:17
boils down to this question:
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ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช:
00:19
Would you rather die of A) oil wars,
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ืžืžื” ืืชื” ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืžื•ืช? ื) ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื ืคื˜,
00:23
or B) climate change,
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ื‘) ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
00:25
or C) nuclear holocaust,
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ืื• ื’) ืฉื•ืื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช
00:27
or D) all of the above?
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ืื• ื“) ื›ืœ ืืœื•
00:30
Oh, I missed one: or E) none of the above?
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ืื•, ืคื™ืกืคืกืชื™ ืื—ื“, ื”) ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื•?
00:33
That's the one we're not normally offered.
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ื–ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื“"ื› ืœื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœื ื•.
00:35
What if we could make energy do our work
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ืžื” ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
00:37
without working our undoing?
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื”?
00:40
Could we have fuel without fear?
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ื”ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื“ืœืง ื‘ืœื™ ืคื—ื“?
00:42
Could we reinvent fire?
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืฉ?
00:44
You see, fire made us human;
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื”ืืฉ ืขืฉืชื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื;
00:46
fossil fuels made us modern.
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ื“ืœืง ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื.
00:48
But now we need a new fire
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื”
00:49
that makes us safe, secure, healthy and durable.
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ืฉืชืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื, ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื, ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืงื™ืžื.
00:53
Let's see how.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจืื” ืื™ืš.
00:55
Four-fifths of the world's energy
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4/5 ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
00:58
still comes from burning each year
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ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืจื™ืคื”, ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
01:00
four cubic miles of the rotted remains
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ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืจืงื•ื‘ื•ืช
01:03
of primeval swamp goo.
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ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืžื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืช ืคืจื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื .
01:06
Those fossil fuels
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ื“ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
01:08
have built our civilization.
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ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
01:11
They've created our wealth.
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื•
01:13
They've enriched the lives of billions.
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ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื.
01:15
But they also have rising costs
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื
01:17
to our security, economy, health and environment
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ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”, ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
01:22
that are starting to erode, if not outweigh their benefits.
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ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ื•ืง, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืขืœื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื
01:25
So we need a new fire.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื”.
01:27
And switching from the old fire to the new fire
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ื•ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื”ืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืœืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
01:30
means changing two big stories about oil and electricity,
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ ื•ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ,
01:34
each of which puts two-fifths of the fossil carbon in the air.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืคื–ืจ 2/5 ืžื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ.
01:39
But they're really quite distinct.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื“ื™ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื.
01:41
Less than one percent of our electricity is made from oil --
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžื ืคื˜ --
01:44
although almost half is made from coal.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืžืžื ื• ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืคื—ื.
01:48
Their uses are quite concentrated.
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ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื“ื™ ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื.
01:50
Three-fourths of our oil fuel is transportation.
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3/4 ืžื“ืœืงื™ ื”ื ืคื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
01:53
Three-fourths of our electricity powers buildings.
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3/4 ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื (ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื).
01:56
And the rest of both runs factories.
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ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ืžืฉื ื™ื”ื (ื ืคื˜ ื•ื—ืฉืžืœ) ืžื ื™ืข ืžืคืขืœื™ื.
01:58
So very efficient vehicles, buildings and factories
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื
02:01
save oil and coal,
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ื™ื—ืกื›ื• ื ืคื˜ ื•ืคื—ื,
02:03
and also natural gas that can displace both of them.
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื.
02:07
But today's energy system is not just inefficient,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื”,
02:10
it is also disconnected,
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืœื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช,
02:12
aging, dirty and insecure.
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ื™ืฉื ื”, ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.
02:15
So it needs refurbishment.
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ
02:18
By 2050 though, it could become efficient,
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ืขื“ 2050, ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”
02:21
connected and distributed
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ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ืžืคื•ืœื’ืช
02:24
with elegantly frugal
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ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ื
02:26
autos, factories and buildings
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ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื
02:28
all relying on a modern, secure
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ื”ื ืฉืขื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช,
02:31
and resilient electricity system.
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื”.
02:33
We can eliminate our addiction to oil and coal by 2050
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืกืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืคื˜ ื•ืคื—ื ืขื“ 2050
02:39
and use one-third less natural gas
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™
02:42
while switching to efficient use
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืขื™ืœ
02:45
and renewable supply.
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ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
02:47
This could cost, by 2050,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช, ืขื“ 2050,
02:51
five trillion dollars less in net present value,
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ื—ืžืฉ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืคื—ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืง ื ื•ื›ื—ื™
02:54
that is expressed as a lump sum today,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
02:57
than business as usual --
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืกืงื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื --
02:58
assuming that carbon emissions
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ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ
03:00
and all other hidden or external costs are worth zero --
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ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืคืก --
03:03
a conservatively low estimate.
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ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืžืจื ื™ืช ื•ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
03:07
Yet this cheaper energy system
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ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื•
03:09
could support 158 percent bigger U.S. economy
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืืžืจืงืื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ 158%
03:13
all without needing oil or coal,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฆืจื•ืš ื ืคื˜ ืื• ืคื—ื,
03:15
or for that matter nuclear energy.
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ื•ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช.
03:17
Moreover, this transition needs no new inventions
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
03:20
and no acts of Congress
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ื•ืœื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก
03:24
and no new federal taxes, mandate subsidies or laws
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ื•ืœื ืžื™ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื
03:28
and running Washington gridlock.
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ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืคืงืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ.
03:31
Let me say that again.
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ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘
03:32
I'm going to tell you how to get the United States
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืื™ืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
03:35
completely off oil and coal, five trillion dollars cheaper
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ืœื ืชืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ืคื˜ ื•ืคื—ื, ืชื—ืกื•ืš 5 ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
03:38
with no act of Congress
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ื‘ืœื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก
03:40
led by business for profit.
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ืžื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื, ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ื•ื—.
03:42
In other words, we're going to use our most effective institutions --
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื™ืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•--
03:46
private enterprise co-evolving with civil society
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ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช
03:49
and sped by military innovation
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ืฉืžื•ืืฆืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ืช
03:52
to go around our least effective institutions.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
03:55
And whether you care most
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื
03:57
about profits and jobs and competitive advantage
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ืœืจื•ื—, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช
04:01
or national security, or environmental stewardship
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ืื• ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™, ืื• ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
04:03
and climate protection and public health,
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ื•ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
04:05
reinventing fire makes sense and makes money.
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ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ืืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื™ืช.
04:09
General Eisenhower reputedly said
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ื”ื’ื ืจืœ ืื™ื–ื ื”ื•ืืจ ืืžืจ
04:13
that enlarging the boundaries of a tough problem
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ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืฉื”
04:15
makes it soluble by encompassing more options and more synergies.
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ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ืคืชืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื’ืช ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
04:20
So in reinventing fire,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ืืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
04:22
we integrated all four sectors that use energy --
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ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” --
04:25
transportation, buildings, industry and electricity --
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ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื•ื—ืฉืžืœ --
04:29
and we integrated four kinds of innovation,
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ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช,
04:31
not just technology and policy,
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ืœื ืจืง ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช,
04:34
but also design and business strategy.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืขืกืงื™ืช.
04:37
Those combinations yield
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ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
04:39
very much more than the sum of the parts,
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ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื›ื•ื ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื,
04:41
especially in creating deeply disruptive business opportunities.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
04:46
Oil costs our economy two billion dollars a day,
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ื ืคื˜ ืขื•ืœื” ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• 2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืœื™ื•ื,
04:50
plus another four billion dollars a day
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื•ื“ 4 ื‘ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืœื™ื•ื
04:53
in hidden economic and military costs,
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ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื‘ื ื•ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”,
04:55
raising its total cost to over a sixth of GDP.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™.
04:59
Our mobility fuel goes three-fifths to automobiles.
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3/5 ืžื”ื“ืœืง ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
05:02
So let's start by making autos oil free.
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ืื– ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื ืคื˜.
05:04
Two-thirds of the energy it takes to move a typical car
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ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื”
05:08
is caused by its weight.
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ื ื’ืจืžืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
05:10
And every unit of energy you save at the wheels,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื ื—ืกื›ืช ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื,
05:13
by taking out weight or drag,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื’ืจืจ,
05:15
saves seven units in the tank,
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ื—ื•ืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ืข ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืœืง,
05:17
because you don't have to waste six units
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ื›ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– 6 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช
05:18
getting the energy to the wheels.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœื’ืœื’ืœื™ื.
05:20
Unfortunately, over the past quarter century,
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ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืจื‘ืข ื”ืžืื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”
05:24
epidemic obesity has made our two-ton steel cars
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ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ ื’ืจืžื” ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื™-ื”ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
05:27
gain weight twice as fast as we have.
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ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
05:31
But today, ultralight, ultrastrong materials,
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืงืœื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื,
05:34
like carbon fiber composites,
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ื›ืžื• ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ,
05:37
can make dramatic weight savings snowball
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื’ ืฉืœ ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ
05:39
and can make cars simpler and cheaper to build.
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ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื”.
05:43
Lighter and more slippery autos
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ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื—ืœืงืœืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:45
need less force to move them,
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ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื— ื”ื ืขื”,
05:48
so their engines get smaller.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:50
Indeed, that sort of vehicle fitness
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ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช "ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ"
05:53
then makes electric propulsion affordable
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ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืขื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื’ื”
05:56
because the batteries or fuel cells
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ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืื• ืชืื™ ื”ื“ืœืง
05:59
also get smaller and lighter and cheaper.
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ื’ื ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:03
So sticker prices will ultimately fall to about the same as today,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืงื ื™ื” ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืขืจืš ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื,
06:07
while the driving cost, even from the start,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
06:10
is very much lower.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:12
So these innovations together can transform automakers
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ื›ืš ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
06:16
from wringing tiny savings
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ืžื›ืืœื• ืฉืกื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื
06:18
out of Victorian engine and seal-stamping technologies
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ืžืชื•ืš ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช ื•ืžื›ื‘ืฉื™ ืคืœื“ื”
06:22
to the steeply falling costs
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ืœืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ื•ืช
06:24
of three linked innovations that strongly reenforce each other --
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ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืื—ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”--
06:30
namely ultralight materials, making them into structures
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ืœืืžื•ืจ, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืงืœื™ื, ืฉื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื
06:33
and electric propulsion.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช.
06:36
The sales can grow and the prices fall even faster
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ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืœื•, ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ืจื“, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:40
with temporary feebates,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ืช,
06:42
that is rebates for efficient new autos
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ืฉืชื™ืชืŸ ื”ื ื—ื” ืขืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื
06:44
paid for by fees on inefficient ones.
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ื•ืชืžื•ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื™ื ืขืœ ืงื ื™ืช ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื-ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื.
06:48
And just in the first two years
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ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
06:50
the biggest of Europe's five feebate programs
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ื—ืžืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
06:54
has tripled the speed of improving automotive efficiency.
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ืฉื™ืœืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
06:58
The resulting shift to electric autos
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช
07:01
is going to be as game-changing
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง
07:03
as shifting from typewriters to the gains in computers.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื™ ืชืžืœื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
07:07
Of course, computers and electronics
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื”
07:09
are now America's biggest industry,
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ื”ื ื›ืขืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
07:11
while typewriter makers have vanished.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื ืขืœืžื•.
07:14
So vehicle fitness
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื–ื•ืช
07:15
opens a new automotive competitive strategy
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ืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื›ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
07:19
that can double the oil savings over the next 40 years,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 40 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช,
07:22
but then also make electrification affordable,
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ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื”
07:25
and that displaces the rest of the oil.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื™ืชืจ ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜
07:29
America could lead this next automotive revolution.
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ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
07:33
Currently the leader is Germany.
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ืฉื›ืขืช ืžื•ื‘ืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
07:35
Last year, Volkswagen announced
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืคื•ืœืงืกื•ืื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”
07:38
that by next year they'll be producing
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ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ื ื™ื™ืฆืจื•
07:40
this carbon fiber plugin hybrid
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ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืคื—ืžืŸ, ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ
07:43
getting 230 miles a gallon.
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” 230 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ืŸ
07:45
Also last year, BMW announced
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ื›ืžืŸ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, BMW ื”ืฆื™ื’ื”
07:48
this carbon fiber electric car,
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ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืขื ืฉืœื“ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื•,
07:50
they said that its carbon fiber is paid for
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ื•ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื”
07:52
by needing fewer batteries.
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ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช.
07:54
And they said, "We do not intend to be a typewriter maker."
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ื•ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”".
07:57
Audi claimed it's going to beat them both by a year.
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ืืื•ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.
08:00
Seven years ago, an even faster and cheaper
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืžืจืงืื™ืช,
08:03
American manufacturing technology
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ื–ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:06
was used to make this little carbon fiber test part,
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ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืœืง ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ,
08:13
which doubles as a carbon cap.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืงืกื“ื”
08:16
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:17
In one minute -- and you can tell from the sound
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื” -- ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื”
08:20
how immensely stiff and strong it is.
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ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื™ื— ื•ื—ื–ืง ื–ื”.
08:23
Don't worry about dropping it, it's tougher than titanium.
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ืืœ ืชืคื—ื“ื• ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืง ืžื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ื•ื
08:27
Tom Friedman actually whacked it as hard as he could with a sledgehammer
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ื˜ื•ื ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขื ืงื•ืจื ืก
08:29
without even scuffing it.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืฉืจื˜ ืืช ื–ื”.
08:30
But such manufacturing techniques
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ืืš ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืืœื•
08:32
can scale to automotive speed and cost
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืจื’ ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช
08:36
with aerospace performance.
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ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”.
08:37
They can save four-fifths of the capital needed to make autos.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ืกื•ืš 4/5 ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
08:41
They can save lives
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื
08:42
because this stuff can absorb
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ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคื•ื’
08:43
up to 12 times as much crash energy per pound as steel.
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ืขื“ 6 ืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ืœืงื™ืœื• ืžืืฉืจ ืคืœื“ื”.
08:46
If we made all of our autos this way,
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ืื ื ื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื–ื”
08:48
it would save oil equivalent to finding
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ื–ื” ื™ื—ืกื•ืš ื ืคื˜ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืฆืื ื•
08:51
one and a half Saudi Arabias, or half an OPEC,
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ืื—ืช ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืขืจื‘-ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช, ืื• ื—ืฆื™ ืžืื•ืค"ืง ,
08:54
by drilling in the Detroit formation, a very prospective play.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื— ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื“ื˜ืจื•ื™ื˜ , ืžืฉื—ืง ืฆื•ืคื” ืœืขืชื™ื“.
08:58
And all those mega-barrels under Detroit
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœื“ื˜ืจื•ื™ื˜
09:01
cost an average of 18 bucks a barrel.
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ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข 18 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช
09:04
They are all-American, carbon-free
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ื”ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ
09:05
and inexhaustible.
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ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื“ืœื•ืช.
09:08
The same physics and the same business logic
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ืื•ืชื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืงื™
09:10
also apply to big vehicles.
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ืžื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
09:12
In the five years ending with 2010,
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ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื™ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ 2010
09:15
Walmart saved 60 percent of the fuel per ton-mile
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ื•ืืœ-ืžืืจื˜ ื—ืกื›ื• 60% ืžื”ื“ืœืง ืœื˜ื•ืŸ-ืžื™ื™ืœ
09:19
in its giant fleet of heavy trucks
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ื‘ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื ืง ืฉืœื”ื
09:21
through better logistics and design.
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ื“ืจืš ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
09:22
But just the technological savings in heavy trucks
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช
09:25
can get to two-thirds.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ื“ื™ 2/3
09:27
And combined with triple to quintuple efficiency airplanes,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ืฆื™ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืฉื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืžืฉื•ืœืฉืช ืขื“ ืžื—ื•ืžืฉืช
09:30
now on the drawing board,
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ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜,
09:32
can save close to a trillion dollars.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื.
09:34
Also today's military revolution in energy efficiency
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ื•ื’ื ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื
09:39
is going to speed up all of these civilian advances
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ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ื’ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช
09:42
in much the same way that military R&D
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื
09:44
has given us the Internet, the Global Positioning System
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ื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, GPS,
09:47
and the jet engine and microchip industries.
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ื•ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื”ืกื™ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื”,
09:50
As we design and build vehicles better,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘,
09:54
we can also use them smarter
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:56
by harnessing four powerful techniques
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืจืชื™ืžืช ืืจื‘ืข ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื”
09:58
for eliminating needless driving.
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ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš.
10:00
Instead of just seeing the travel grow,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื’ื“ืœื”
10:03
we can use innovative pricing,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™,
10:06
charging for road infrastructure by the mile, not by the gallon.
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ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื’ืœื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง,
10:10
We can use some smart IT to enhance transit
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ื›ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”
10:13
and enable car sharing and ride sharing.
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช.
10:16
We can allow smart and lucrative growth models
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื
10:21
that help people already be near where they want to be,
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ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
10:25
so they don't need to go somewhere else.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ืกื•ืข ืœืฉื ืื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
10:26
And we can use smart IT
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžื™ื“ืข
10:28
to make traffic free-flowing.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื–ืจื•ื.
10:31
Together, those things can give us the same or better access
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื–ื”ื” ืื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:34
with 46 to 84 percent less driving,
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ืขื 46 ืขื“ 84 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”.
10:38
saving another 0.4 trillion dollars,
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ื•ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืขื•ืŸื“ 0.4 ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื,
10:41
plus 0.3 trillion dollars from using trucks more productively.
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ื•ืขื•ื“ 0.3 ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื”.
10:46
So 40 years hence, when you add it all up,
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ืื– ืขื•ื“ 40 ืฉื ื”, ืื ื ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื“
10:49
a far more mobile U.S. economy
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ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื™ื™ื“ืช
10:52
can use no oil.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ืคื˜.
10:54
Saving or displacing barrels for 25 bucks
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ืชื—ืกื•ืš ืื• ืชืฉื ืข ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ 25 ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
10:57
rather than buying them for over a hundred,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื”,
10:59
adds up to a $4 trillion net saving
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ืขื“ 4 ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื ืงื™
11:02
counting all the hidden costs at zero.
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ื›ืฉืœื ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืกืชืจื•ืช.
11:05
So to get mobility without oil,
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ื ืคื˜,
11:08
to phase out the oil,
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ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื ืคื˜,
11:10
we can get efficient and then switch fuels.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืื– ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื“ืœืง,
11:14
Those 125 to 240 mile-per-gallon-equivalent autos
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืขื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ืžื• 125 ืขื“ 240 ืžื™ื™ืœ-ืœื›ืœ-ื’ืœื•ืŸ
11:18
can use any mixture of hydrogen fuel cells,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื“ืœืง ืžื™ืžื ื™ื™ื,
11:22
electricity and advanced biofuels.
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ืžื ื•ืข ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื•ื“ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื
11:25
The trucks and planes can realistically use
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ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
11:29
hydrogen or advanced biofuels.
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ื‘ืžื™ืžืŸ ืื• ื‘ื“ืœืง ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžืชืงื“ื.
11:32
The trucks could even use natural gas.
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ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
11:34
But no vehicles will need oil.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ืจื›ื‘ ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ื ืคื˜.
11:36
And the most biofuel we might need,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืœืง ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื ืฆื˜ืจืš,
11:39
just three million barrels a day,
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ืจืง 3 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื,
11:41
can be made two-thirds from waste
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ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ 2/3 ืžืคืกื•ืœืช
11:42
without displacing any cropland
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืงืจืงืข ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื
11:44
and without harming soil or climate.
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ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืงืจืงืข ืื• ื‘ืืงืœื™ื.
11:47
Our team speeds up these kinds of oil savings
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืื™ืฅ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืคื˜
11:49
by what we call "institutional acupuncture."
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• "ื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ืžื•ืกื“ื™".
11:52
We figure out where the business logic
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืคื” ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช
11:53
is congested and not flowing properly,
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ืชืงื•ืขื” ื•ืœื ื–ื•ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,
11:56
we stick little needles in it to get it flowing,
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ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ืžื—ื˜ื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”,
11:58
working with partners like Ford and Walmart and the Pentagon.
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคื•ืจื“, ื•ืืœ-ืžืืจื˜ ื•ื”ืคื ื˜ื’ื•ืŸ.
12:00
And the long transition is already well under way.
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืจื•ืš ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ.
12:04
In fact, three years ago mainstream analysts were starting to see peak oil,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ืคื˜,
12:08
not in supply, but in demand.
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ืœื ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ื ืคื˜, ืืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ.
12:11
And Deutsche Bank even said world oil use could peak around 2016.
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ื•ื“ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื” ื‘ื ืง ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ื ืคื˜ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 2016,
12:16
In other words, oil is getting uncompetitive even at low prices
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ืžื•ืš
12:21
before it becomes unavailable even at high prices.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื–ืžื™ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
12:25
But the electrified vehicles
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช
12:28
don't need to burden the electricity grid.
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ.
12:30
Rather, when smart autos exchange electricity and information
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ืœื”ืคืš, ื›ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื™ื—ืœื™ืคื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืžื™ื“ืข
12:34
through smart buildings with smart grids,
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ื“ืจืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื›ืžื”
12:36
they're adding to the grid valuable flexibility and storage
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœืจืฉืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ื ืื›ืกื•ืŸ ื™ืงืจื™ ืขืจืš
12:40
that help the grid integrate
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ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืจืฉืช ืœืฉืœื‘
12:42
varying solar and wind power.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืจื•ื—
12:44
So the electrified autos
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช
12:46
make the auto and electricity problems
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ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ
12:49
easier to solve together than separately.
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ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ื“.
12:51
And they also converge the oil story
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื ืคื˜
12:53
with our second big story,
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ืขื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื ื•,
12:55
saving electricity and then making it differently.
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ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื•ืื– ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืื—ืจืช.
12:59
And those twin revolutions in electricity
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ื•ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ
13:02
will bring to that sector
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ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื–ื”
13:05
more numerous and profound and diverse disruptions
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ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื•ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื
13:08
than any other sector,
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื’ื–ืจ ืื—ืจ,
13:09
because we've got 21st century technology and speed colliding head-on
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื” 21 ืฉืžืชื ื’ืฉืช ืจืืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉ
13:13
with 20th and 19th century institutions, rules and cultures.
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ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื•ืช ื” 20 ื•ื” 19.
13:18
Changing how we make electricity gets easier
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:21
if we need less of it.
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ืื ื ืฆืชืจืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื ื•.
13:24
Most of it now is wasted
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ื›ื™ื•ื ืจื•ื‘ื• ืžื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–
13:25
and the technologies for saving it
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ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ
13:27
keep improving faster than we're installing them.
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ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
13:30
So the unbought efficiency resource
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืชื”
13:33
keeps getting ever bigger and cheaper.
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ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื–ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:36
But as efficiency in buildings and industry
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื”
13:39
starts to grow faster than the economy,
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ื’ื“ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ืžื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”,
13:41
America's electricity use could actually shrink,
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ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ
13:45
even with the little extra use required
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ
13:49
for those efficient electrified autos.
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ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
13:51
And we can do this just by reasonably accelerating existing trends.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืฆื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
13:56
Over the next 40 years, buildings,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 40 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืžื‘ื ื™ื,
13:58
which use three-quarters of the electricity,
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ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื› 3/4 ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ,
14:00
can triple or quadruple their energy productivity,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœืฉ ืื• ืœืจื‘ืข ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื
14:04
saving 1.4 trillion dollars, net present value,
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ื•ืœื—ืกื•ืš 1.4 ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืŸ , ื ื˜ื• , ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
14:08
with a 33 percent internal rate of return
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ืขื 33% ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช
14:11
or in English,
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ืื• ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
14:13
the savings are worth four times what they cost.
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ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” 4 ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ืช.
14:16
And industry can accelerate too,
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ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ื’ื ื›ืŸ
14:19
doubling its energy productivity
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ื•ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”
14:20
with a 21 percent internal rate of return.
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ืขื 21% ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช
14:23
The key is a disruptive innovation
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ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืคืœื’ืช
14:25
that we call integrative design
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ืฉืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™
14:28
that often makes very big energy savings
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ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจื ืœื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
14:31
cost less than small or no savings.
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ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ืื• ืฉื•ื ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
14:33
That is, it can give you expanding returns,
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื
14:36
not diminishing returns.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžื™ื.
14:38
That is how our 2010 retrofit
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ื•ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœ 2010
14:42
is saving over two-fifths of the energy in the Empire State Building --
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ื—ื•ืกื›ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 2/5 ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืคื™ื™ืจ ืกื˜ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ --
14:45
remanufacturing those six and a half thousand windows on site
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ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืืœืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ
14:49
into super windows that pass light, but reflect heat.
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ื•ื”ืชืงื ืช ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช-ืขืœ ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื.
14:53
plus better lights and office equipment and such
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืชืื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืขื•ื“
14:57
cut the maximum cooling load by a third.
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ืžืงืฆืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืง ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืืœื™ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉ.
15:00
And then renovating smaller chillers instead of adding bigger ones
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ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืžืฆื ื ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื , ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:05
saved 17 million dollars of
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ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื 17 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
15:07
capital cost, which helped pay for the other improvements
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ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
15:10
and reduce the payback to just three years.
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ื•ืžืงืฆืฅ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืœืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
15:14
Integrative design can also increase
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ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ
15:16
energy savings in industry.
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ืืช ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื”.
15:19
Dow's billion-dollar efficiency investment
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ื”ืฉืงืขืช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืื• ื‘ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ
15:21
has already returned nine billion dollars.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืชืฉืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
15:24
But industry as a whole has another half-trillion dollars
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื—ืฆื™ ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
15:27
of energy still to save.
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ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืขื“ื™ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื—ืกื•ืš.
15:29
For example, three-fifths of the world's electricity runs motors.
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, 3/5 ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื ื™ืข ืžื ื•ืขื™ื,
15:34
Half of that runs pumps and fans.
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื–ื” ืžื ื™ืข ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ื•ืจืจื™ื.
15:36
And those can all be made more efficient,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื,
15:39
and the motors that turn them
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ื•ื”ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื
15:40
can have their system efficiency roughly doubled
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื
15:44
by integrating 35 improvements, paying back in about a year.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืœืœืช 35 ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉืœืžื• ื‘ืขื“ ืขืฆืžื ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื”.
15:48
But first we ought to be capturing bigger, cheaper savings
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:51
that are normally ignored and are not in the textbooks.
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ืฉื‘ื“"ื› ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื.
15:54
For example, pumps, the biggest use of motors,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื ื•ืขื™ื
15:57
move liquid through pipes.
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ืžื–ื™ื–ื™ื ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื“ืจืš ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช,
15:59
But a standard industrial pumping loop
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืื™ื‘ื” ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ
16:00
was redesigned to use at least 86 percent less energy,
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ืฉืขื•ืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืœืคื—ื•ืช 86% ืคื—ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
16:05
not by getting better pumps,
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ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
16:07
but just by replacing long, thin, crooked pipes
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ืืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื™ื, ื“ืงื™ื ื•ืžืคื•ืชืœื™ื
16:10
with fat, short, straight pipes.
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ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืงืฆืจื™ื, ืขื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืจื™ื.
16:13
This is not about new technology,
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ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืคื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
16:16
it's just rearranging our metal furniture.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ืžืชื›ืชื™.
16:18
Of course, it also shrinks the pumping equipment
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืืช ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืื™ื‘ื”
16:20
and its capital costs.
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ื•ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
16:22
So what do such savings mean
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ืื– ืžื” ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
16:25
for the electricity that is three-fifths used in motors?
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉ 3/5 ืžืžื ื• ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ื ืขืช ืžื ื•ืขื™ื?
16:28
Well, from the coal burned at the power plant
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื”ืคื—ื ืฉื ืฉืจืฃ ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื›ื—
16:31
through all these compounding losses,
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ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
16:35
only a tenth of the fuel energy
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ืจืง ื›ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื“ืœืง
16:37
actually ends up coming out the pipe as flow.
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ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื›ื–ืจื™ืžื”.
16:40
But now let's turn those compounding losses around backwards,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื”ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™,
16:44
and every unit of flow or friction that we save in the pipe
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ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ืื• ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ
16:50
saves 10 units of fuel cost, pollution
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ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื 10 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื“ืœืง, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื
16:54
and what Hunter Lovins calls "global weirding"
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืื ื˜ืจ ืœื•ื™ื ืก ืžื›ื ื” "ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช"
16:56
back at the power plant.
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ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื›ื—.
16:58
And of course, as you go back upstream,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ,ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ื–ืจื,
17:00
the components get smaller and therefore cheaper.
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ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
17:03
Our team has lately found such snowballing energy savings
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ื”ืฆuื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฆื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื’ ืฉืœ ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
17:07
in more than 30 billion dollars worth of industrial redesigns --
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ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 30 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” --
17:11
everything from data centers and chip fabs
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื›ืœ ืžืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืคืกื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื
17:13
to mines and refineries.
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื›ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื–ื™ืงื•ืง.
17:16
Typically our retrofit designs
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ื•
17:17
save about 30 to 60 percent of the energy
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ื—ื•ืกืš 30 ืขื“ 60 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
17:20
and pay back in a few years,
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ื•ืžืฉืชืœื ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื,
17:22
while the new facility designs save 40 to 90-odd percent
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืžืชืงืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื—ื•ืกืš 40 ืขื“ 90 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
17:26
with generally lower capital cost.
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ืขื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ
17:29
Now needing less electricity
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ
17:32
would ease and speed
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ื–ื” ื™ืงืœ ื•ื™ื–ืจื–
17:34
the shift to new sources of electricity, chiefly renewables.
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ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
17:37
China leads their explosive growth and their plummeting cost.
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ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื”.
17:42
In fact, these solar power module costs
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ืœืžืขืฉื” , ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
17:45
have just fallen off the bottom of the chart.
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ื ืคืœื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืฃ.
17:47
And Germany now has more solar workers
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ื•ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื
17:50
than America has steel workers.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืคืœื“ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
17:53
Already in about 20 states
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื› 20 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
17:55
private installers will come
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ืžืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื
17:57
put those cheap solar cells on your roof with no money down
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ื•ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื ื”ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ ืฉืœืš, ื‘ืœื™ ืขืœื•ืช
18:01
and beat your utility bill.
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ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ.
18:03
Such unregulated products
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ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื ืžืคื•ืงื—ื™ื ื›ืืœื•,
18:05
could ultimately add up to a virtual utility
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžืชืงืŸ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™
18:08
that bypasses your electric company
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ืฉืขื•ืงืฃ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ
18:11
just as your cellphone bypassed your wireline phone company.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืขื•ืงืฃ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื™.
18:14
And this sort of thing gives utility executives the heebee-jeebees
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ื•ื›ืืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžื ื”ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื›ืื‘ ืจืืฉ
18:18
and it gives venture capitalists sweet dreams.
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ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืžืชื•ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืงืคื˜ื™ืœื™ืกื˜.
18:20
Renewables are no longer a fringe activity.
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ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืชื›ืœื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืžื“ืข.
18:23
For each of the past four years
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช
18:26
half of the world's new generating capacity
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
18:29
has been renewable,
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
18:30
mainly lately in developing countries.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
18:32
In 2010, renewables other than big hydro,
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ื‘ 2010, ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืฉืื™ื ื ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ืจื• ืืœืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช,
18:36
particularly wind and solar cells,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื›ื— ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืชืื™ื ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื,
18:38
got 151 billion dollars of private investment,
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ืงื™ื‘ืœื• 151 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช,
18:43
and they actually surpassed the total installed capacity
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ื•ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืกืš ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ
18:46
of nuclear power in the world
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื— ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
18:48
by adding 60 billion watts in that one year.
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• 60 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื•ืื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”.
18:51
That happens to be the same amount of solar cell capacity
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ื–ื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืื•ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชืื™ ืฉืžืฉ
18:55
that the world can now make every year --
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” --
18:58
a number that goes up 60 or 70 percent a year.
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ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ 60 ืื• 70 ืื—ื•ื– ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
19:01
In contrast, the net additions of nuclear capacity and coal capacity
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื—ืžื™ื•ืช
19:07
and the orders behind those keep fading
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ื•ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื—ืœืฉ
19:10
because they cost too much and they have too much financial risk.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื”ื ืžื”ื•ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืกื—ืจื™.
19:13
In fact in this country,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•,
19:14
no new nuclear power plant
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืชื—ื ื— ื›ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืื—ืช
19:16
has been able to raise any private construction capital,
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ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
19:19
despite seven years of 100-plus percent subsidies.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ 100 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
19:23
So how else could we replace the coal-fired power plants?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื— ืฉื•ืจืคื•ืช ื”ืคื—ื ืฉืœื ื•?
19:27
Well efficiency and gas can displace them all
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื’ื– ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ
19:31
at just below their operating cost
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ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ืš ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืคืขืœืชืŸ
19:34
and, combined with renewables, can displace them more than 23 times
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ื•ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื›ืœื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 23 ืคืขืžื™ื
19:37
at less than their replacement cost.
406
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ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช, ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื”ื—ืœืคื”.
19:39
But we only need to replace them once.
407
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช.
19:41
We're often told though
408
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
19:44
that only coal and nuclear plants can keep the lights on,
409
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ืฉืจืง ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืคื—ื ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื•ืœืงื™ื,
19:46
because they're 24/7,
410
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช 24/7,
19:48
whereas wind and solar power are variable,
411
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืจื•ื— ื•ื›ื— ืกื•ืœืืจื™ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื,
19:51
and hence supposedly unreliable.
412
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืืžื™ื ื•ืช.
19:54
Actually no generator is 24/7. They all break.
413
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ 24/7, ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืžืชืงืœืงืœื™ื.
19:57
And when a big plant goes down,
414
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื—ื ืช ื›ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื ื•ืคืœืช,
19:59
you lose a thousand megawatts in milliseconds,
415
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ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœืคื™ ืžื’ื”-ื•ืื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื™ืœื™ืฉื™ื ื”,
20:02
often for weeks or months, often without warning.
416
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœื ืื–ื”ืจื”.
20:05
That is exactly why we've designed the grid
417
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช
20:07
to back up failed plants with working plants.
418
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ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช,
20:12
And in exactly the same way,
419
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš
20:13
the grid can handle wind and solar power's
420
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ื”ืจืฉืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื— ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื—-ืฉืžืฉ,
20:18
forecastable variations.
421
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ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช
20:21
Hourly simulations
422
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ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืจืื•ืช, ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฉืขื•ืช,
20:24
show that largely or wholly renewable grids
423
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ืฉืจืฉืช ืฉืžื•ืฉืชืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืื• ืจื•ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืชื›ืœื™ื
20:28
can deliver highly reliable power
424
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“
20:30
when they're forecasted,
425
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช
20:31
integrated and diversified
426
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ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช
20:33
by both type and location.
427
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ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœื”ื.
20:36
And that's true both for continental areas like the U.S. or Europe
428
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืœืžื” - ื›ืžื• ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืื• ืืจื”"ื‘
20:40
and for smaller areas embedded within a larger grid.
429
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ื•ื’ื ืœืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืจืฉืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
20:44
That is how, for example,
430
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ื•ื›ืš, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
20:46
four German states in 2010
431
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ืืจื‘ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ืจืžื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ 2010,
20:48
were 43 to 52 percent wind powered.
432
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ื”ืคื™ืงื• 43 ืขื“ 52 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื”ื ืžื›ื— ื”ืจื•ื—.
20:51
Portugal was 45 percent renewable powered,
433
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ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช 45 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื” ืžืืžืฆืขื™ื ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
20:55
Denmark 36.
434
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ื“ื ืžืจืง 36.
20:57
And it's how all of Europe can shift
435
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ื•ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ
21:00
to renewable electricity.
436
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ืœื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
21:01
In America, our aging, dirty and insecure power system
437
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ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ื™ืฉื ื”, ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช ื•ื”ืœื-ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”
21:06
has to be replaced anyway by 2050.
438
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ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœืคืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืขื“ 2050.
21:09
And whatever we replace it with
439
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื” ื ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
21:11
is going to cost about the same,
440
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ,
21:12
about six trillion dollars at present value --
441
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 6 ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ --
21:15
whether we buy more of what we've got
442
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ื ืงื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
21:17
or new nuclear and so-called clean coal,
443
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ืื• ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืคื—ื ื ืงื™,
21:19
or renewables that are more or less centralized.
444
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ืื• ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื™ื.
21:23
But those four futures at the same cost
445
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ืืš ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื™ืจ
21:26
differ profoundly in their risks,
446
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ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ื ื‘ื”ื,
21:28
around national security,
447
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™,
21:31
fuel, water, finance, technology,
448
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ื“ืœืง, ืžื™ื, ื›ืกืคื™, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
21:34
climate and health.
449
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ืืงืœื™ืžื™ ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™.
21:36
For example, our over-centralized grid
450
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ืช ืžืื•ื“
21:39
is very vulnerable to cascading
451
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ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœืžืคื•ืœืช ื‘ืจืฉืช
21:42
and potentially economy-shattering blackouts
452
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืจืก ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”
21:45
caused by bad space weather or other natural disasters
453
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ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ืื• ืืกื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืข ืื—ืจ
21:49
or a terrorist attack.
454
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ืื• ื”ืชืงืคืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
21:51
But that blackout risk disappears,
455
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืขืœื,
21:53
and all of the other risks are best managed,
456
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
21:55
with distributed renewables
457
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ืขื ืจืฉืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืชื›ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจืช
21:58
organized into local micro-grids that normally interconnect,
458
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ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ืœืชื•ืš ืชืช-ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“"ื› ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช,
22:02
but can stand alone at need.
459
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš.
22:04
That is, they can disconnect fractally
460
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื
22:06
and then reconnect seamlessly.
461
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืงื•ืฃ.
22:09
That approach is exactly what the Pentagon is adopting
462
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ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืื•ืžืฆืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื ื˜ื’ื•ืŸ
22:12
for its own power supply.
463
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ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื• ืขืฆืžื•.
22:13
They think they need that; how about the rest of us that they're defending?
464
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื”ืฉืืจ, ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ื ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื?
22:16
We want our stuff to work too.
465
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืคืขืœื•.
22:18
At about the same cost as business as usual,
466
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ื•ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ,
22:22
this would maximize national security,
467
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ื–ื” ื™ืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™,
22:24
customer choice, entrepreneurial opportunity
468
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ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ, ื™ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช
22:28
and innovation.
469
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ื•ื™ืขื•ื“ื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
22:29
Together, efficient use and diverse dispersed renewable supply
470
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ื”ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืชื›ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจื™ื
22:35
are starting to transform the whole electricity sector.
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ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ.
22:38
Traditionally utilities build
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™, ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื•ื ื”
22:40
a lot of giant coal and nuclear plants
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื—ื ื•ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ
22:42
and a bunch of big gas plants
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื’ื– ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช
22:44
and maybe a little bit of efficiency renewables.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช.
22:45
And those utilities were rewarded,
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชื•ื’ืžืœื™ื,
22:47
as they still are in 34 states,
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ื‘ 34 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
22:50
for selling you more electricity.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ.
22:53
However, especially where regulators
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ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืฉื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ
22:56
are now instead rewarding cutting your bills,
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ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืœื ืคื—ื•ืช,
22:59
the investments are shifting radically
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ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืžื•ืกื˜ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™
23:03
toward efficiency, demand response, cogeneration,
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ืœื›ื™ื•ืŸืŸ, ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ, ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช,
23:06
renewables and ways to knit them all together reliably
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื•ืžืฆื™ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคื ืืžื™ืŸ
23:09
with less transmission
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ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ืข
23:11
and little or no bulk electricity storage.
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ื•ืžืขื˜ ืื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœืœื ืื›ืกื•ืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœ.
23:13
So our energy future is not fate, but choice,
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ื›ืš ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืžื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ, ืืœื ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ืจื”,
23:16
and that choice is very flexible.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืžื™ืฉื”.
23:19
In 1976, for example,
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ื‘ 1976, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
23:21
government and industry insisted
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ืชืขืงืฉื•
23:22
that the amount of energy needed to make a dollar of GDP
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ืฉื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืž"ื’
23:25
could never go down.
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ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืจื“ืช ืืฃ ืคืขื.
23:27
And I heretically suggested it could go down several-fold.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืฉื”ืขืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจื“ืช, ื•ืœืจื“ืช ืคื™ ื›ืžื”
23:30
Well that's what's actually happened so far.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืขื“ ื›ื”.
23:33
It's fallen by half.
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ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื ืคืœื” ื‘ื—ืฆื™.
23:34
But with today's much better technologies,
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ืืš ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
23:37
more mature delivery channels and integrative design,
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ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื›ืœื™ืœ,
23:39
we can do far more and even cheaper.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื•ืœ.
23:43
So to solve the energy problem,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
23:46
we just needed to enlarge it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื”.
23:48
And the results may at first seem incredible,
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ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช,
23:51
but as Marshall McLuhan said,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืืจืฉืœ ืžืืงืœื•ื”ืŸ ืืžืจ,
23:53
"Only puny secrets need protection.
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"ืจืง ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื’ื ื”.
23:55
Big discoveries are protected by public incredulity."
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"ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ื•ืช ืžืขืฆืžืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืคืงื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ".
24:02
Now combine the electricity and oil revolutions,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื—ื‘ืจื• ืืช ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื™ื—ื“,
24:05
both driven by modern efficiency,
505
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ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื ื“ื—ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
24:07
and you get the really big story: reinventing fire,
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ื•ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืช: ื”ืžืฆืื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉ,
24:10
where business enabled and sped by smart policies in mindful markets
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืชืืคืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ืืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื—ื›ื
24:15
can lead the United States completely off oil and coal by 2050,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืœื™ืš ืืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคื—ื ื•ื ืคื˜ ืขื“ 2050,
24:20
saving 5 trillion dollars,
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ืœื—ืกื•ืš 5 ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื,
24:22
growing the economy 2.6-fold,
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ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืคื™ 2.6
24:25
strengthening out national security,
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ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™,
24:26
oh, and by the way, by getting rid of the oil and coal,
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ืื”ื”, ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ืคื—ื
24:29
reducing the fossil carbon emissions by 82 to 86 percent.
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ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื‘ 82 ืขื“ 86 ืื—ื•ื–.
24:34
Now if you like any of those outcomes,
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ืื ืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
24:37
you can support reinventing fire
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ืืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
24:40
without needing to like all of them
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช
24:41
and without needing to agree about which of them is most important.
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ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
24:45
So focusing on outcomes, not motives,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื ื™ืขื™ื,
24:48
can turn gridlock and conflict
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ืกื™ืžื”
24:50
into a unifying solution to America's energy challenge.
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ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื—ื“ ืœืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘.
24:55
This also turns out to be the best way
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื–ื• ื’ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
24:58
to cope with global challenges --
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ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื --
25:00
climate change, nuclear proliferation,
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื, ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื•ืช,
25:03
energy insecurity, energy poverty --
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ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืื™-ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™--
25:05
all of which make us less safe.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
25:09
Now our team at RMI helps smart companies
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ RMI ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช
25:13
to get unstuck and speed this journey
527
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ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ื•ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื”
25:16
via six sectoral initiatives, with some more hatching.
528
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื•ืช, ืขื ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ.
25:19
Of course there's still a lot of old thinking out there too.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
25:22
Former oil man Maurice Strong said,
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ืื™ืฉ ื”ื ืคื˜ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืžื™ื•ืจื™ืง ืกื˜ืจื•ื ื’ ืืžืจ,
25:25
"Not all the fossils are in the fuel."
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"ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื“ืœืง",
25:27
But as Edgar Woolard, who used to chair Dupont, reminds us,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื“ื’ืจ ื•ื•ืœืืจื“, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืคื•ื ื˜ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื•,
25:31
"Companies hampered by old thinking won't be a problem
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"ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”
25:35
because," he said," they simply won't be around long-term."
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ืฉืจื“ื•" ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ.
25:41
I've described not just a once-in-a-civilization
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ืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืœื ืจืง ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช
25:44
business opportunity,
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ืฉืœ ืคืขื-ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
25:45
but one of the most profound transitions
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ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขืžื™ืงื™ื
25:48
in the history of our species.
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ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
25:50
We humans are inventing a new fire,
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ืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื ืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื”,
25:54
not dug from below,
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ืฉืœื ื ื—ืคืจื” ืžืœืžื˜ื”,
25:55
but flowing from above;
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ืืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืœืžืขืœื”;
25:58
not scarce, but bountiful;
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ืœื ื ื“ื™ืจื”, ืฉื•ืคืขืช;
26:01
not local, but everywhere;
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ืœื ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื;
26:03
not transient, but permanent;
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ืœื ื—ื•ืœืคืช, ืงื‘ื•ืขื”;
26:06
not costly, but free.
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ืœื ื™ืงืจื”, ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
26:09
And but for a little transitional tail of natural gas
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ื•ืœืžืขื˜ ื–ื ื‘ ื–ืžื ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™
26:12
and a bit of biofuel grown in ways that sustain and endure,
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ื•ื’ื ืงืฆืช ื“ืœื’-ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“,
26:15
this new fire is flameless.
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ื”ืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื”.
26:19
Efficiently used, it really can do our work
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืขื™ืœ, ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•
26:23
without working our undoing.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื”, ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
26:26
Each of you owns a piece of that $5 trillion prize.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคืจืก ื‘ืขืœ 5 ื”ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืŸ.
26:31
And our new book "Reinventing Fire"
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ื•ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื™ "ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืฉ"
26:33
describes how you can capture it.
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ืžืชืืจ ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืื•ืชื•.
26:36
So with the conversation just begun
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืžืกืข ืจืง ืžืชื—ื™ืœ
26:38
at ReinventingFire.com,
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ื‘ ReinventingFire.com
26:40
let me invite you each
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื
26:42
to engage with us and with each other, with everyone around you,
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ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ืื™ืชื ื•, ื•ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื,
26:46
to help make the world richer, fairer,
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžืงื•ื ืขืฉื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ
26:49
cooler and safer
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ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ
26:51
by together reinventing fire.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ืืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื—ื“
26:54
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
26:56
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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