Amory Lovins: A 40-year plan for energy

141,692 views ・ 2012-05-01

TED


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Translator: Jenny Zurawell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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America's public energy conversation
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boils down to this question:
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Would you rather die of A) oil wars,
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or B) climate change,
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or C) nuclear holocaust,
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or D) all of the above?
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Oh, I missed one: or E) none of the above?
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That's the one we're not normally offered.
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What if we could make energy do our work
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without working our undoing?
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Could we have fuel without fear?
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Could we reinvent fire?
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You see, fire made us human;
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fossil fuels made us modern.
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But now we need a new fire
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that makes us safe, secure, healthy and durable.
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Let's see how.
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Four-fifths of the world's energy
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still comes from burning each year
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four cubic miles of the rotted remains
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of primeval swamp goo.
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Those fossil fuels
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have built our civilization.
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They've created our wealth.
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They've enriched the lives of billions.
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But they also have rising costs
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to our security, economy, health and environment
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that are starting to erode, if not outweigh their benefits.
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So we need a new fire.
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And switching from the old fire to the new fire
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means changing two big stories about oil and electricity,
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each of which puts two-fifths of the fossil carbon in the air.
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But they're really quite distinct.
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Less than one percent of our electricity is made from oil --
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although almost half is made from coal.
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Their uses are quite concentrated.
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Three-fourths of our oil fuel is transportation.
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Three-fourths of our electricity powers buildings.
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And the rest of both runs factories.
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So very efficient vehicles, buildings and factories
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save oil and coal,
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and also natural gas that can displace both of them.
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But today's energy system is not just inefficient,
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it is also disconnected,
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aging, dirty and insecure.
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So it needs refurbishment.
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By 2050 though, it could become efficient,
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connected and distributed
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with elegantly frugal
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autos, factories and buildings
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all relying on a modern, secure
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and resilient electricity system.
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We can eliminate our addiction to oil and coal by 2050
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and use one-third less natural gas
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while switching to efficient use
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and renewable supply.
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This could cost, by 2050,
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five trillion dollars less in net present value,
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that is expressed as a lump sum today,
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than business as usual --
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assuming that carbon emissions
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and all other hidden or external costs are worth zero --
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a conservatively low estimate.
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Yet this cheaper energy system
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could support 158 percent bigger U.S. economy
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all without needing oil or coal,
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or for that matter nuclear energy.
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Moreover, this transition needs no new inventions
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and no acts of Congress
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and no new federal taxes, mandate subsidies or laws
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and running Washington gridlock.
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Let me say that again.
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I'm going to tell you how to get the United States
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completely off oil and coal, five trillion dollars cheaper
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with no act of Congress
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led by business for profit.
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In other words, we're going to use our most effective institutions --
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private enterprise co-evolving with civil society
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and sped by military innovation
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to go around our least effective institutions.
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And whether you care most
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about profits and jobs and competitive advantage
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or national security, or environmental stewardship
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and climate protection and public health,
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reinventing fire makes sense and makes money.
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General Eisenhower reputedly said
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that enlarging the boundaries of a tough problem
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makes it soluble by encompassing more options and more synergies.
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So in reinventing fire,
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we integrated all four sectors that use energy --
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transportation, buildings, industry and electricity --
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and we integrated four kinds of innovation,
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not just technology and policy,
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but also design and business strategy.
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Those combinations yield
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very much more than the sum of the parts,
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especially in creating deeply disruptive business opportunities.
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Oil costs our economy two billion dollars a day,
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plus another four billion dollars a day
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in hidden economic and military costs,
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raising its total cost to over a sixth of GDP.
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Our mobility fuel goes three-fifths to automobiles.
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So let's start by making autos oil free.
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Two-thirds of the energy it takes to move a typical car
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is caused by its weight.
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And every unit of energy you save at the wheels,
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by taking out weight or drag,
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saves seven units in the tank,
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because you don't have to waste six units
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getting the energy to the wheels.
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Unfortunately, over the past quarter century,
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epidemic obesity has made our two-ton steel cars
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gain weight twice as fast as we have.
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But today, ultralight, ultrastrong materials,
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like carbon fiber composites,
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can make dramatic weight savings snowball
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and can make cars simpler and cheaper to build.
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Lighter and more slippery autos
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need less force to move them,
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so their engines get smaller.
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Indeed, that sort of vehicle fitness
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then makes electric propulsion affordable
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because the batteries or fuel cells
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also get smaller and lighter and cheaper.
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So sticker prices will ultimately fall to about the same as today,
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while the driving cost, even from the start,
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is very much lower.
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So these innovations together can transform automakers
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from wringing tiny savings
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out of Victorian engine and seal-stamping technologies
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to the steeply falling costs
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of three linked innovations that strongly reenforce each other --
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namely ultralight materials, making them into structures
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and electric propulsion.
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The sales can grow and the prices fall even faster
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with temporary feebates,
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that is rebates for efficient new autos
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paid for by fees on inefficient ones.
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And just in the first two years
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the biggest of Europe's five feebate programs
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has tripled the speed of improving automotive efficiency.
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The resulting shift to electric autos
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is going to be as game-changing
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as shifting from typewriters to the gains in computers.
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Of course, computers and electronics
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are now America's biggest industry,
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while typewriter makers have vanished.
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So vehicle fitness
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opens a new automotive competitive strategy
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that can double the oil savings over the next 40 years,
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but then also make electrification affordable,
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and that displaces the rest of the oil.
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America could lead this next automotive revolution.
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Currently the leader is Germany.
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Last year, Volkswagen announced
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that by next year they'll be producing
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this carbon fiber plugin hybrid
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getting 230 miles a gallon.
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Also last year, BMW announced
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this carbon fiber electric car,
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they said that its carbon fiber is paid for
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by needing fewer batteries.
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And they said, "We do not intend to be a typewriter maker."
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Audi claimed it's going to beat them both by a year.
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Seven years ago, an even faster and cheaper
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American manufacturing technology
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was used to make this little carbon fiber test part,
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which doubles as a carbon cap.
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(Laughter)
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In one minute -- and you can tell from the sound
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how immensely stiff and strong it is.
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Don't worry about dropping it, it's tougher than titanium.
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Tom Friedman actually whacked it as hard as he could with a sledgehammer
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without even scuffing it.
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But such manufacturing techniques
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can scale to automotive speed and cost
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with aerospace performance.
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They can save four-fifths of the capital needed to make autos.
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They can save lives
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because this stuff can absorb
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up to 12 times as much crash energy per pound as steel.
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If we made all of our autos this way,
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it would save oil equivalent to finding
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one and a half Saudi Arabias, or half an OPEC,
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by drilling in the Detroit formation, a very prospective play.
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And all those mega-barrels under Detroit
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cost an average of 18 bucks a barrel.
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They are all-American, carbon-free
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and inexhaustible.
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The same physics and the same business logic
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also apply to big vehicles.
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In the five years ending with 2010,
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Walmart saved 60 percent of the fuel per ton-mile
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in its giant fleet of heavy trucks
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through better logistics and design.
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But just the technological savings in heavy trucks
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can get to two-thirds.
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And combined with triple to quintuple efficiency airplanes,
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now on the drawing board,
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can save close to a trillion dollars.
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Also today's military revolution in energy efficiency
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is going to speed up all of these civilian advances
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in much the same way that military R&D
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has given us the Internet, the Global Positioning System
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and the jet engine and microchip industries.
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As we design and build vehicles better,
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we can also use them smarter
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by harnessing four powerful techniques
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for eliminating needless driving.
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Instead of just seeing the travel grow,
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we can use innovative pricing,
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charging for road infrastructure by the mile, not by the gallon.
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We can use some smart IT to enhance transit
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and enable car sharing and ride sharing.
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We can allow smart and lucrative growth models
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that help people already be near where they want to be,
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so they don't need to go somewhere else.
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And we can use smart IT
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to make traffic free-flowing.
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Together, those things can give us the same or better access
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with 46 to 84 percent less driving,
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saving another 0.4 trillion dollars,
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plus 0.3 trillion dollars from using trucks more productively.
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So 40 years hence, when you add it all up,
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a far more mobile U.S. economy
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can use no oil.
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Saving or displacing barrels for 25 bucks
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rather than buying them for over a hundred,
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adds up to a $4 trillion net saving
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counting all the hidden costs at zero.
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So to get mobility without oil,
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to phase out the oil,
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we can get efficient and then switch fuels.
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Those 125 to 240 mile-per-gallon-equivalent autos
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can use any mixture of hydrogen fuel cells,
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electricity and advanced biofuels.
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The trucks and planes can realistically use
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hydrogen or advanced biofuels.
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The trucks could even use natural gas.
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But no vehicles will need oil.
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And the most biofuel we might need,
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just three million barrels a day,
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can be made two-thirds from waste
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without displacing any cropland
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and without harming soil or climate.
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Our team speeds up these kinds of oil savings
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by what we call "institutional acupuncture."
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We figure out where the business logic
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is congested and not flowing properly,
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we stick little needles in it to get it flowing,
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working with partners like Ford and Walmart and the Pentagon.
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And the long transition is already well under way.
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In fact, three years ago mainstream analysts were starting to see peak oil,
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not in supply, but in demand.
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And Deutsche Bank even said world oil use could peak around 2016.
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In other words, oil is getting uncompetitive even at low prices
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before it becomes unavailable even at high prices.
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But the electrified vehicles
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don't need to burden the electricity grid.
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Rather, when smart autos exchange electricity and information
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through smart buildings with smart grids,
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they're adding to the grid valuable flexibility and storage
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that help the grid integrate
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varying solar and wind power.
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So the electrified autos
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make the auto and electricity problems
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easier to solve together than separately.
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And they also converge the oil story
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with our second big story,
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saving electricity and then making it differently.
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And those twin revolutions in electricity
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will bring to that sector
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more numerous and profound and diverse disruptions
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than any other sector,
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because we've got 21st century technology and speed colliding head-on
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with 20th and 19th century institutions, rules and cultures.
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Changing how we make electricity gets easier
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if we need less of it.
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Most of it now is wasted
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and the technologies for saving it
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keep improving faster than we're installing them.
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So the unbought efficiency resource
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keeps getting ever bigger and cheaper.
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But as efficiency in buildings and industry
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starts to grow faster than the economy,
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America's electricity use could actually shrink,
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even with the little extra use required
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for those efficient electrified autos.
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And we can do this just by reasonably accelerating existing trends.
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Over the next 40 years, buildings,
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which use three-quarters of the electricity,
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can triple or quadruple their energy productivity,
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saving 1.4 trillion dollars, net present value,
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with a 33 percent internal rate of return
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or in English,
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the savings are worth four times what they cost.
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And industry can accelerate too,
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doubling its energy productivity
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with a 21 percent internal rate of return.
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The key is a disruptive innovation
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that we call integrative design
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that often makes very big energy savings
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cost less than small or no savings.
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That is, it can give you expanding returns,
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14:36
not diminishing returns.
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1854
14:38
That is how our 2010 retrofit
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3746
14:42
is saving over two-fifths of the energy in the Empire State Building --
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3203
14:45
remanufacturing those six and a half thousand windows on site
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4154
14:49
into super windows that pass light, but reflect heat.
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4312
14:53
plus better lights and office equipment and such
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3185
14:57
cut the maximum cooling load by a third.
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3615
15:00
And then renovating smaller chillers instead of adding bigger ones
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15:05
saved 17 million dollars of
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1523
15:07
capital cost, which helped pay for the other improvements
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15:10
and reduce the payback to just three years.
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4044
15:14
Integrative design can also increase
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2223
15:16
energy savings in industry.
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2208
15:19
Dow's billion-dollar efficiency investment
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1992
15:21
has already returned nine billion dollars.
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3300
15:24
But industry as a whole has another half-trillion dollars
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2946
15:27
of energy still to save.
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2195
15:29
For example, three-fifths of the world's electricity runs motors.
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4559
15:34
Half of that runs pumps and fans.
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2069
15:36
And those can all be made more efficient,
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2874
15:39
and the motors that turn them
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1715
15:40
can have their system efficiency roughly doubled
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3650
15:44
by integrating 35 improvements, paying back in about a year.
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3915
15:48
But first we ought to be capturing bigger, cheaper savings
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3228
15:51
that are normally ignored and are not in the textbooks.
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2649
15:54
For example, pumps, the biggest use of motors,
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3154
15:57
move liquid through pipes.
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1817
15:59
But a standard industrial pumping loop
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959198
1800
16:00
was redesigned to use at least 86 percent less energy,
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4377
16:05
not by getting better pumps,
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1939
16:07
but just by replacing long, thin, crooked pipes
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3382
16:10
with fat, short, straight pipes.
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2616
16:13
This is not about new technology,
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3215
16:16
it's just rearranging our metal furniture.
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1977
16:18
Of course, it also shrinks the pumping equipment
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2354
16:20
and its capital costs.
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1715
16:22
So what do such savings mean
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2620
16:25
for the electricity that is three-fifths used in motors?
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3682
16:28
Well, from the coal burned at the power plant
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3100
16:31
through all these compounding losses,
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3121
16:35
only a tenth of the fuel energy
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2823
16:37
actually ends up coming out the pipe as flow.
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3000
16:40
But now let's turn those compounding losses around backwards,
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3674
16:44
and every unit of flow or friction that we save in the pipe
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5631
16:50
saves 10 units of fuel cost, pollution
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4144
16:54
and what Hunter Lovins calls "global weirding"
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2607
16:56
back at the power plant.
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1402
16:58
And of course, as you go back upstream,
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17:00
the components get smaller and therefore cheaper.
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3300
17:03
Our team has lately found such snowballing energy savings
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4580
17:07
in more than 30 billion dollars worth of industrial redesigns --
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3233
17:11
everything from data centers and chip fabs
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2729
17:13
to mines and refineries.
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2192
17:16
Typically our retrofit designs
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1441
17:17
save about 30 to 60 percent of the energy
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2954
17:20
and pay back in a few years,
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1946
17:22
while the new facility designs save 40 to 90-odd percent
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4154
17:26
with generally lower capital cost.
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2431
17:29
Now needing less electricity
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3064
17:32
would ease and speed
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2315
17:34
the shift to new sources of electricity, chiefly renewables.
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3162
17:37
China leads their explosive growth and their plummeting cost.
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4484
17:42
In fact, these solar power module costs
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3421
17:45
have just fallen off the bottom of the chart.
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2379
17:47
And Germany now has more solar workers
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3070
17:50
than America has steel workers.
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2638
17:53
Already in about 20 states
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1846
17:55
private installers will come
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2354
17:57
put those cheap solar cells on your roof with no money down
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3485
18:01
and beat your utility bill.
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1869
18:03
Such unregulated products
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2192
18:05
could ultimately add up to a virtual utility
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2854
18:08
that bypasses your electric company
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2954
18:11
just as your cellphone bypassed your wireline phone company.
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3831
18:14
And this sort of thing gives utility executives the heebee-jeebees
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3418
18:18
and it gives venture capitalists sweet dreams.
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1098396
2223
18:20
Renewables are no longer a fringe activity.
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3093
18:23
For each of the past four years
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2477
18:26
half of the world's new generating capacity
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2838
18:29
has been renewable,
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1597
18:30
mainly lately in developing countries.
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1692
18:32
In 2010, renewables other than big hydro,
386
1112316
4292
18:36
particularly wind and solar cells,
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1116608
2331
18:38
got 151 billion dollars of private investment,
388
1118939
4992
18:43
and they actually surpassed the total installed capacity
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1123931
2585
18:46
of nuclear power in the world
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1685
18:48
by adding 60 billion watts in that one year.
391
1128201
3459
18:51
That happens to be the same amount of solar cell capacity
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3700
18:55
that the world can now make every year --
393
1135360
2815
18:58
a number that goes up 60 or 70 percent a year.
394
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3347
19:01
In contrast, the net additions of nuclear capacity and coal capacity
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5533
19:07
and the orders behind those keep fading
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3569
19:10
because they cost too much and they have too much financial risk.
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2536
19:13
In fact in this country,
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1400
19:14
no new nuclear power plant
399
1154560
2115
19:16
has been able to raise any private construction capital,
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1156675
2518
19:19
despite seven years of 100-plus percent subsidies.
401
1159193
4415
19:23
So how else could we replace the coal-fired power plants?
402
1163608
4004
19:27
Well efficiency and gas can displace them all
403
1167612
3769
19:31
at just below their operating cost
404
1171381
2684
19:34
and, combined with renewables, can displace them more than 23 times
405
1174065
3754
19:37
at less than their replacement cost.
406
1177819
2074
19:39
But we only need to replace them once.
407
1179893
2008
19:41
We're often told though
408
1181901
2688
19:44
that only coal and nuclear plants can keep the lights on,
409
1184589
2381
19:46
because they're 24/7,
410
1186970
1285
19:48
whereas wind and solar power are variable,
411
1188255
2823
19:51
and hence supposedly unreliable.
412
1191078
3015
19:54
Actually no generator is 24/7. They all break.
413
1194093
3385
19:57
And when a big plant goes down,
414
1197478
2115
19:59
you lose a thousand megawatts in milliseconds,
415
1199593
2792
20:02
often for weeks or months, often without warning.
416
1202385
3493
20:05
That is exactly why we've designed the grid
417
1205878
1997
20:07
to back up failed plants with working plants.
418
1207875
4270
20:12
And in exactly the same way,
419
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1730
20:13
the grid can handle wind and solar power's
420
1213875
5031
20:18
forecastable variations.
421
1218906
2549
20:21
Hourly simulations
422
1221455
3307
20:24
show that largely or wholly renewable grids
423
1224762
3767
20:28
can deliver highly reliable power
424
1228529
1777
20:30
when they're forecasted,
425
1230306
1629
20:31
integrated and diversified
426
1231935
2054
20:33
by both type and location.
427
1233989
2053
20:36
And that's true both for continental areas like the U.S. or Europe
428
1236042
4223
20:40
and for smaller areas embedded within a larger grid.
429
1240265
4485
20:44
That is how, for example,
430
1244750
1639
20:46
four German states in 2010
431
1246389
2384
20:48
were 43 to 52 percent wind powered.
432
1248773
2597
20:51
Portugal was 45 percent renewable powered,
433
1251385
3642
20:55
Denmark 36.
434
1255027
2325
20:57
And it's how all of Europe can shift
435
1257352
3285
21:00
to renewable electricity.
436
1260637
1285
21:01
In America, our aging, dirty and insecure power system
437
1261922
4725
21:06
has to be replaced anyway by 2050.
438
1266647
2884
21:09
And whatever we replace it with
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1269531
1627
21:11
is going to cost about the same,
440
1271158
1438
21:12
about six trillion dollars at present value --
441
1272596
2710
21:15
whether we buy more of what we've got
442
1275306
2208
21:17
or new nuclear and so-called clean coal,
443
1277514
2113
21:19
or renewables that are more or less centralized.
444
1279627
3631
21:23
But those four futures at the same cost
445
1283258
3269
21:26
differ profoundly in their risks,
446
1286527
2069
21:28
around national security,
447
1288596
2531
21:31
fuel, water, finance, technology,
448
1291127
3538
21:34
climate and health.
449
1294665
1531
21:36
For example, our over-centralized grid
450
1296196
2835
21:39
is very vulnerable to cascading
451
1299031
3931
21:42
and potentially economy-shattering blackouts
452
1302962
2727
21:45
caused by bad space weather or other natural disasters
453
1305689
3438
21:49
or a terrorist attack.
454
1309127
1946
21:51
But that blackout risk disappears,
455
1311073
2731
21:53
and all of the other risks are best managed,
456
1313804
1977
21:55
with distributed renewables
457
1315796
2254
21:58
organized into local micro-grids that normally interconnect,
458
1318050
4277
22:02
but can stand alone at need.
459
1322327
1808
22:04
That is, they can disconnect fractally
460
1324135
2038
22:06
and then reconnect seamlessly.
461
1326173
2854
22:09
That approach is exactly what the Pentagon is adopting
462
1329027
3277
22:12
for its own power supply.
463
1332304
1315
22:13
They think they need that; how about the rest of us that they're defending?
464
1333619
3266
22:16
We want our stuff to work too.
465
1336885
1685
22:18
At about the same cost as business as usual,
466
1338585
3570
22:22
this would maximize national security,
467
1342155
2005
22:24
customer choice, entrepreneurial opportunity
468
1344160
4002
22:28
and innovation.
469
1348162
1623
22:29
Together, efficient use and diverse dispersed renewable supply
470
1349785
5675
22:35
are starting to transform the whole electricity sector.
471
1355460
2923
22:38
Traditionally utilities build
472
1358383
1631
22:40
a lot of giant coal and nuclear plants
473
1360014
2169
22:42
and a bunch of big gas plants
474
1362183
1946
22:44
and maybe a little bit of efficiency renewables.
475
1364129
1069
22:45
And those utilities were rewarded,
476
1365198
2529
22:47
as they still are in 34 states,
477
1367727
2454
22:50
for selling you more electricity.
478
1370181
3466
22:53
However, especially where regulators
479
1373647
2798
22:56
are now instead rewarding cutting your bills,
480
1376445
3553
22:59
the investments are shifting radically
481
1379998
3783
23:03
toward efficiency, demand response, cogeneration,
482
1383781
2531
23:06
renewables and ways to knit them all together reliably
483
1386312
3369
23:09
with less transmission
484
1389681
1423
23:11
and little or no bulk electricity storage.
485
1391104
2854
23:13
So our energy future is not fate, but choice,
486
1393958
2827
23:16
and that choice is very flexible.
487
1396785
2746
23:19
In 1976, for example,
488
1399531
1600
23:21
government and industry insisted
489
1401131
1808
23:22
that the amount of energy needed to make a dollar of GDP
490
1402955
2584
23:25
could never go down.
491
1405539
1783
23:27
And I heretically suggested it could go down several-fold.
492
1407322
3630
23:30
Well that's what's actually happened so far.
493
1410952
2249
23:33
It's fallen by half.
494
1413216
1315
23:34
But with today's much better technologies,
495
1414531
2491
23:37
more mature delivery channels and integrative design,
496
1417022
2909
23:39
we can do far more and even cheaper.
497
1419931
3900
23:43
So to solve the energy problem,
498
1423831
2508
23:46
we just needed to enlarge it.
499
1426339
1921
23:48
And the results may at first seem incredible,
500
1428260
3200
23:51
but as Marshall McLuhan said,
501
1431460
1777
23:53
"Only puny secrets need protection.
502
1433237
2752
23:55
Big discoveries are protected by public incredulity."
503
1435989
6084
24:02
Now combine the electricity and oil revolutions,
504
1442073
3482
24:05
both driven by modern efficiency,
505
1445555
1684
24:07
and you get the really big story: reinventing fire,
506
1447239
3542
24:10
where business enabled and sped by smart policies in mindful markets
507
1450781
5131
24:15
can lead the United States completely off oil and coal by 2050,
508
1455912
4530
24:20
saving 5 trillion dollars,
509
1460442
2320
24:22
growing the economy 2.6-fold,
510
1462762
2593
24:25
strengthening out national security,
511
1465355
1643
24:26
oh, and by the way, by getting rid of the oil and coal,
512
1466998
2985
24:29
reducing the fossil carbon emissions by 82 to 86 percent.
513
1469983
4510
24:34
Now if you like any of those outcomes,
514
1474493
3334
24:37
you can support reinventing fire
515
1477827
2192
24:40
without needing to like all of them
516
1480019
1862
24:41
and without needing to agree about which of them is most important.
517
1481881
3423
24:45
So focusing on outcomes, not motives,
518
1485304
3077
24:48
can turn gridlock and conflict
519
1488381
2556
24:50
into a unifying solution to America's energy challenge.
520
1490937
4302
24:55
This also turns out to be the best way
521
1495239
3057
24:58
to cope with global challenges --
522
1498296
2500
25:00
climate change, nuclear proliferation,
523
1500796
2579
25:03
energy insecurity, energy poverty --
524
1503375
2431
25:05
all of which make us less safe.
525
1505806
3646
25:09
Now our team at RMI helps smart companies
526
1509452
3687
25:13
to get unstuck and speed this journey
527
1513139
3069
25:16
via six sectoral initiatives, with some more hatching.
528
1516208
3062
25:19
Of course there's still a lot of old thinking out there too.
529
1519270
2957
25:22
Former oil man Maurice Strong said,
530
1522227
3177
25:25
"Not all the fossils are in the fuel."
531
1525404
1946
25:27
But as Edgar Woolard, who used to chair Dupont, reminds us,
532
1527350
4305
25:31
"Companies hampered by old thinking won't be a problem
533
1531655
4146
25:35
because," he said," they simply won't be around long-term."
534
1535801
5580
25:41
I've described not just a once-in-a-civilization
535
1541381
2864
25:44
business opportunity,
536
1544245
1607
25:45
but one of the most profound transitions
537
1545852
2423
25:48
in the history of our species.
538
1548275
2516
25:50
We humans are inventing a new fire,
539
1550791
3423
25:54
not dug from below,
540
1554214
1744
25:55
but flowing from above;
541
1555958
2907
25:58
not scarce, but bountiful;
542
1558865
2931
26:01
not local, but everywhere;
543
1561796
1700
26:03
not transient, but permanent;
544
1563496
2631
26:06
not costly, but free.
545
1566127
2900
26:09
And but for a little transitional tail of natural gas
546
1569027
3400
26:12
and a bit of biofuel grown in ways that sustain and endure,
547
1572427
3562
26:15
this new fire is flameless.
548
1575989
3709
26:19
Efficiently used, it really can do our work
549
1579698
4064
26:23
without working our undoing.
550
1583762
2854
26:26
Each of you owns a piece of that $5 trillion prize.
551
1586616
4882
26:31
And our new book "Reinventing Fire"
552
1591498
2254
26:33
describes how you can capture it.
553
1593752
2385
26:36
So with the conversation just begun
554
1596137
2269
26:38
at ReinventingFire.com,
555
1598406
1885
26:40
let me invite you each
556
1600291
2131
26:42
to engage with us and with each other, with everyone around you,
557
1602422
3838
26:46
to help make the world richer, fairer,
558
1606260
2792
26:49
cooler and safer
559
1609052
2608
26:51
by together reinventing fire.
560
1611660
2808
26:54
Thank you.
561
1614468
1859
26:56
(Applause)
562
1616327
1400
About this website

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