Playing with space and light | Olafur Eliasson

185,098 views ใƒป 2009-08-07

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: nimrod konfinoff ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:18
I have a studio in Berlin --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ
00:21
let me cue on here --
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœื™ื•
00:23
which is down there in this snow, just last weekend.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืฉืœื’ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
00:27
In the studio we do a lot of experiments.
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ื‘ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช
00:29
I would consider the studio more like a laboratory.
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ืื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžืขื‘ื“ื”
00:31
I have occasional meetings with scientists.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืžื“ืขื ื™ื
00:34
And I have an academy, a part of the University of Fine Arts in Berlin.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ.
00:38
We have an annual gathering of people,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช
00:40
and that is called Life in Space.
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ืฉื ืงืจืืช 'ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘'.
00:42
Life in Space is really not necessarily about
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'ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘'' ื”ื•ื ืœืื• ื“ื•ืงื ืขืœ
00:46
how we do things, but why we do things.
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
00:50
Do you mind looking, with me, at that little cross in the center there?
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื‘ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–.
00:53
So just keep looking. Don't mind me.
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ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ. ืืœ ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืืœื™.
00:56
So you will have a yellow circle, and we will do an after-image experiment.
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ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช-ื’ืจืจ.
01:00
When the circle goes away you will have another color, the complementary color.
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ื›ืฉื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ื ืขืœื ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืฆื‘ืข ืื—ืจ, ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืžืฉืœื™ื.
01:05
I am saying something. And your eyes and your brain are saying something back.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื”ืžื— ืฉืœื›ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”.
01:09
This whole idea of sharing, the idea of constituting reality
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ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
01:12
by overlapping what I say and what you say --
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื
01:16
think of a movie.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืขืœ ืกืจื˜.
01:18
Since two years now, with some stipends from the science ministry in Berlin,
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ืžื–ื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื™ืœื’ื” ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžื“ืข ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ,
01:21
I've been working on these films
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื”
01:25
where we produce the film together.
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ืฉืื•ืชื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
01:28
I don't necessarily think the film is so interesting.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืกืจื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
01:30
Obviously this is not interesting at all in the sense of the narrative.
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
01:33
But nevertheless, what the potential is --
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ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื•ื-
01:35
and just keep looking there --
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ื•ืจืง ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ-
01:37
what the potential is, obviously,
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืฉื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื•ื,
01:39
is to kind of move the border of who is the author,
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ
01:41
and who is the receiver.
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ื•ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ.
01:43
Who is the consumer, if you want,
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ืื ืชืจืฆื•, ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ,
01:46
and who has responsibility for what one sees?
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ื•ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื?
01:49
I think there is a socializing dimension
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžื™ืžื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™
01:52
in, kind of, moving that border.
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ื‘ื”ื–ื–ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
01:55
Who decides what reality is?
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ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช?
01:57
This is the Tate Modern in London.
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ 'ื˜ื™ื™ื˜' ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ.
01:59
The show was, in a sense, about that.
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ื”ืžื™ืฆื’ ื”ื™ื”, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
02:02
It was about a space in which I put half a semi-circular yellow disk.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืœืœ, ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืžืชื™ ื—ืฆื™ ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘.
02:07
I also put a mirror in the ceiling, and some fog, some haze.
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ืฉืžืชื™ ืžืจืื” ื‘ืชืงืจื” ื•ืคื–ืจืชื™ ืขืจืคืœ.
02:10
And my idea was to make the space tangible.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœืžื•ื—ืฉื™.
02:13
With such a big space, the problem is
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื
02:15
obviously that there is a discrepancy
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ืื™ ื”ืชืืžื”
02:17
between what your body can embrace,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ,
02:19
and what the space, in that sense, is.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ื”ื—ืœืœ.
02:21
So here I had the hope that by inserting some natural elements,
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ืงื™ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื
02:25
if you want -- some fog -- I could make the space tangible.
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ื›ืžื• ืขืจืคืœ, ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืœืžื•ื—ืฉื™
02:28
And what happens is that people, they start to see themselves in this space.
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ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
02:31
So look at this. Look at the girl.
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ืชืจืื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื”,
02:33
Of course they have to look through a bloody camera
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืžืฆืœืžื”
02:35
in a museum. Right? That's how museums are working today.
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ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ, ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
02:38
But look at her face there,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื”,
02:40
as she's checking out, looking at herself in the mirror.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืžืจืื”.
02:42
"Oh! That was my foot there!"
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''ืื•! ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœื™''
02:44
She wasn't really sure whether she was seeing herself or not.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืื ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืื• ืœื.
02:47
And in that whole idea,
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ื•(ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื):
02:51
how do we configure the relationship between our body and the space?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ืœืœ?
02:55
How do we reconfigure it?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ?
02:57
How do we know that being in a space makes a difference?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื—ืœืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™?
03:00
Do you see when I said in the beginning, it's about
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ืœื–ื” ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื›ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ
03:03
why, rather than how?
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ืœืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš.
03:05
The why meant really,
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ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘'ืœืžื”' ื”ื™ื,
03:07
"What consequences does it have when I take a step?"
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''ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฆืขื“?''
03:10
"What does it matter?"
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"ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื”?"
03:12
"Does it matter if I am in the world or not?"
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''ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืื ืื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื• ืœื?''
03:15
"And does it matter whether the kind of actions I take
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''ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืื ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”
03:18
filter into a sense of responsibility?"
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ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช?"
03:21
Is art about that?
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ื”ืื ื‘ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช?
03:23
I would say yes. It is obviously about
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืŸ. ื‘ืจื•ืจ
03:25
not just about decorating the world, and making it look even better,
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ืฉืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืคื™ื›ื•ืชื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืคื”.
03:28
or even worse, if you ask me.
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ื•ื’ื ืœื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื•ืขืจ, ืœื“ืขืชื™.
03:30
It's obviously also about taking responsibility,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช,
03:33
like I did here when throwing some green dye in the river
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืฉื–ืจืงืชื™ ืฆื‘ืข ื™ืจื•ืง ืœื ื”ืจ
03:35
in L.A., Stockholm, Norway and Tokyo,
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ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก, ื‘ืฉื˜ื•ืงื”ื•ืœื, ื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ื” ื•ื˜ื•ืงื™ื•,
03:39
among other places.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:41
The green dye is not environmentally dangerous,
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ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
03:43
but it obviously looks really rather frightening.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
03:45
And it's on the other side also, I think, quite beautiful,
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ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ ื™ืคื”.
03:49
as it somehow shows the turbulence in these kind of downtown areas,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื,
03:54
in these different places of the world.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
03:56
The "Green river," as a kind of activist idea, not a part of an exhibition,
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ื”''ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื'' ื›ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžืชืขืจื•ื›ื”,
04:00
it was really about showing people,
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ืื ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื,
04:03
in this city, as they walk by,
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ืฉื›ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ
04:06
that space has dimensions. A space has time.
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ืœืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื. ืœืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ.
04:11
And the water flows through the city with time.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืจ ื–ื•ืจื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ
04:14
The water has an ability to make
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ืœืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš
04:16
the city negotiable, tangible.
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ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช ื•ืžืชืงืฉืจืช.
04:18
Negotiable meaning that it makes a difference
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ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘'ืžืชืงืฉืจืช' ื”ื•ื
04:20
whether you do something or not.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื™ืš.
04:22
It makes a difference whether you say, "I'm a part of this city.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืืžื™ืจื” ''ืื ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื™ืจ.
04:24
And if I vote it makes a difference.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.
04:26
If I take a stand, it makes a difference."
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืขืžื“ื”."
04:28
This whole idea of a city not being a picture is,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืžื•ื ื”,
04:32
I think, something that art, in a sense,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืืžื ื•ืช
04:34
always was working with.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื‘ื“ื” ืื™ืชื•.
04:36
The idea that art can actually evaluate the relationship
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื
04:39
between what it means to be in a picture,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”
04:44
and what it means to be in a space. What is the difference?
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘. ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ?
04:46
The difference between thinking and doing.
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ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
04:49
So these are different experiments with that. I won't go into them.
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ืืœื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืœื ืื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”.
04:52
Iceland, lower right corner, my favorite place.
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ืื™ืกืœื ื“, ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœื™.
04:56
These kinds of experiments, they filter into architectural models.
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ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
05:01
These are ongoing experiments.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื.
05:04
One is an experiment I did for BMW,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœ-BMW
05:07
an attempt to make a car.
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ื–ื” ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
05:09
It's made out of ice.
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ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืžืงืจื—.
05:11
A crystalline stackable principle in the center on the top,
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ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืจืžืช ื’ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืœืžืขืœื”
05:14
which I am trying to turn into a concert hall in Iceland.
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ืื•ืชื• ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืื•ืœื ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“.
05:17
A sort of a run track, or a walk track,
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ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืจื™ืฆื” ืื• ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื”
05:20
on the top of a museum in Denmark,
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ืžืขืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื ืžืจืง
05:22
which is made of colored glass, going all around.
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ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืฆื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ืžืงื™ืฃ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘,
05:26
So the movement with your legs
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš
05:28
will change the color of your horizon.
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ืžืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืื•ืคืง ืฉืœืš.
05:30
And two summers ago at the Hyde Park in London,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืงื™ืฅ, ื‘ื”ื™ื™ื“ ืคืืจืง ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ
05:32
with the Serpentine Gallery:
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ืขื ื’ืœืจื™ื™ืช ืกืจืคื ื˜ื™ืŸ:
05:34
a kind of a temporal pavilion where
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ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชืŸ ื–ืžื ื™
05:36
moving was the only way you could see the pavilion.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”.
05:40
This summer, in New York:
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ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง:
05:42
there is one thing about falling water which is very much about
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ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ืžืคืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ื•ื
05:44
the time it takes for water to fall.
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ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ืงื— ืœืžื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ.
05:46
It's quite simple and fundamental.
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ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜.
05:49
I've walked a lot in the mountains in Iceland.
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“.
05:51
And as you come to a new valley,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื•ื•ืื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ,
05:53
as you come to a new landscape, you have a certain view.
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื ื•ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
05:55
If you stand still, the landscape
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ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื–ื•ื–,
05:57
doesn't necessarily tell you how big it is.
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ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืœื™ืš ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื
06:01
It doesn't really tell you what you're looking at.
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ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ.
06:04
The moment you start to move, the mountain starts to move.
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื–ื•ื–, ื”ื”ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื–ื•ื–.
06:07
The big mountains far away, they move less.
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ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื–ื–ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช.
06:09
The small mountains in the foreground, they move more.
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ื•ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื–ื–ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:11
And if you stop again, you wonder,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื” ื ืขืฆืจ ืืชื” ืชื•ื”ื”,
06:13
"Is that a one-hour valley?
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''ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื•ืื“ื™ ื‘ืฉืขื”?''
06:15
Or is that a three-hour hike, or is that a whole day I'm looking at?"
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''ืื• ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”. ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื?''
06:18
If you have a waterfall in there,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืคืœ ืžื™ื
06:20
right out there at the horizon; you look at the waterfall
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ืžืžื•ืœืš ื‘ืื•ืคืง, ื™ืฉ ืžืคืœ ื•ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื•
06:22
and you go, "Oh, the water is falling really slowly."
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ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ''ืื•! ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืคืœ ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœืื˜''.
06:26
And you go, "My god it's really far away and it's a giant waterfall."
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉ ''ืื•ื™,ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืจื—ื•ืง ื•ื–ื” ืžืคืœ ืขื ืง''.
06:29
If a waterfall is falling faster,
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ืื ื”ืžืคืœ ื–ื•ืจื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ,
06:32
it's a smaller waterfall which is closer by --
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืคืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘.
06:35
because the speed of falling water is pretty constant everywhere.
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ื›ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
06:39
And your body somehow knows that.
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ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœืš ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื–ื”.
06:42
So this means a waterfall is a way of measuring space.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ,ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืžืคืœ ืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื“ ืžืจื—ื‘.
06:46
Of course being an iconic city like New York,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื™ืจ ืกืžืœื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง,
06:50
that has had an interest in somehow
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ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ
06:52
playing around with the sense of space, you could say that New York
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ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง
06:55
wants to seem as big as possible.
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ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
06:57
Adding a measurement
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ื›ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื”
06:59
to that is interesting:
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื
07:01
the falling water suddenly gives you a sense
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ืฉืžืคืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืžื•:
07:03
of, "Oh, Brooklyn is exactly this much --
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''ืื•, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืื•ืชื•
07:05
the distance between Brooklyn and Manhattan, in this case
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ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ืœืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ
07:08
the lower East River is this big."
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ื”ื ื”ืจ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ื–ื”.''
07:11
So it was not just necessarily about putting nature into the cities.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœืขื™ืจ.
07:14
It was also about giving the city a sense of dimension.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœืชืช ืœืขื™ืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืžื™ืžื“.
07:16
And why would we want to do that?
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ืœืžื” ืฉื ืจืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”?
07:18
Because I think it makes a difference
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ื›ื™ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ
07:20
whether you have a body
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื’ื•ืฃ
07:23
that feels a part of a space,
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ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงื•ื
07:25
rather than having a body which is just in front of a picture.
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ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืจืง ืขื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื”.
07:27
And "Ha-ha, there is a picture and here is I. And what does it matter?"
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ื•''ื—ื” ื—ื”, ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื™, ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื”?''
07:30
Is there a sense of consequences?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช?
07:33
So if I have a sense of the space,
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ืื– ืื ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื,
07:35
if I feel that the space is tangible,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžื•ื—ืฉื™,
07:37
if I feel there is time,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
07:39
if there is a dimension I could call time,
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ืื ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื–ื” ืžื™ืžื“ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ,
07:41
I also feel that I can change the space.
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘.
07:43
And suddenly it makes a difference
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
07:45
in terms of making space accessible.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืžืจื—ื‘.
07:48
One could say this is about
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ
07:50
community, collectivity.
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช.
07:52
It's about being together.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
07:54
How do we create public space?
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ืื™ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™?
07:57
What does the word "public" mean today anyway?
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ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ''ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™'' ื”ื™ื•ื?
07:59
So, asked in that way,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื ืฉืืœืช ื›ืš
08:01
I think it raises great things about
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ
08:03
parliamentary ideas, democracy, public space,
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ื, ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
08:06
being together, being individual.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“.
08:08
How do we create
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ืื™ืš ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
08:11
an idea which is both tolerant to individuality,
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื™ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืจื˜,
08:14
and also to collectivity,
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ื•ื’ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื™ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
08:16
without polarizing the two
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื
08:18
into two different opposites?
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ืœืฉื ื™ ืงื˜ื‘ื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื?
08:21
Of course the political agendas in the world
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืื’'ื ื“ื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
08:24
has been very obsessed, polarizing the two against each other
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ืžืื•ื“ ืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืœืงื˜ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™
08:27
into different, very normative ideas.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื.
08:29
I would claim that art and culture,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช,
08:31
and this is why art and culture are so incredibly interesting
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
08:34
in the times we're living in now,
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•,
08:36
have proven that one can
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ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ
08:38
create a kind of a space
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจื—ื‘
08:41
which is both sensitive to individuality
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืœืคืจื˜
08:43
and to collectivity.
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ื•ื’ื ืœื›ืœืœ.
08:45
It's very much about this causality, consequences.
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืกื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช, ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช.
08:48
It's very much about the way we link
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื•
08:52
thinking and doing.
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ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืขืฉื™ื™ื”.
08:54
So what is between thinking and doing?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืขืฉื™ื™ื”?
08:56
And right in-between thinking and doing,
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ื•ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืขืฉื™ื™ื”,
08:58
I would say, there is experience.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื—ื•ื™ื™ื”.
09:00
And experience is not just
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ื•ื—ื•ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืจืง
09:02
a kind of entertainment in a non-casual way.
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ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืœื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘.
09:05
Experience is about responsibility.
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ื—ื•ื™ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
09:07
Having an experience is taking part in the world.
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื ืกื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื•ืœื.
09:11
Taking part in the world is really about sharing responsibility.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืžืขื• ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
09:15
So art, in that sense,
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ืื– ื”ืืžื ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
09:17
I think holds an incredible relevance
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ืžืื•ื“ ืจืœื‘ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœื“ืขืชื™
09:20
in the world in which we're moving into,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชื ื”ืœื™ื.
09:23
particularly right now.
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ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
09:25
That's all I have. Thank you very much.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
09:27
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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