Sherwin Nuland: A meditation on hope

32,572 views ใƒป 2009-01-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
You know, I am so bad at tech
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
00:17
that my daughter -- who is now 41 --
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ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืชื™ - ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 41 -
00:19
when she was five, was overheard by me
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช ื—ืžืฉ, ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืคืขื
00:22
to say to a friend of hers,
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ืื•ืžืจืช ืœืื—ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื”,
00:24
If it doesn't bleed when you cut it,
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ืื ืœื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœื–ื” ื“ื ื›ืฉื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
00:26
my daddy doesn't understand it.
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ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”.
00:28
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
00:29
So, the assignment I've been given
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื” ืขืœื™
00:31
may be an insuperable obstacle for me,
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ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•,
00:33
but I'm certainly going to try.
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ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืืขืฉื” ืžืืžืฅ.
00:36
What have I heard
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขืชื™
00:38
during these last four days?
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื?
00:41
This is my third visit to TED.
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘-TED.
00:43
One was to TEDMED, and one, as you've heard,
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ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘-TEDMED, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื,
00:45
was a regular TED two years ago.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘-TED ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
00:47
I've heard what I consider an extraordinary thing
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื-ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
00:50
that I've only heard a little bit in the two previous TEDs,
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ื•ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ ื›ื™ื ื•ืกื™ TED ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืžื ื• ืจืง ืžืขื˜,
00:54
and what that is is an interweaving
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื— ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ,
00:57
and an interlarding, an intermixing,
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ืฉืžืฉืชืœื‘ืช ื•ื ืฉื–ืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ,
01:00
of a sense of social responsibility
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ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
01:03
in so many of the talks --
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ืฉืžื•ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช --
01:06
global responsibility, in fact,
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ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช, ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช,
01:09
appealing to enlightened self-interest,
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ื”ืคื•ื ื” ืืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื ืื•ืจ,
01:13
but it goes far beyond enlightened self-interest.
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ืื•ืœื ืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื ืื•ืจ.
01:17
One of the most impressive things
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:19
about what some, perhaps 10,
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ืฉืื—ื“ื™ื - ืื•ืœื™ ืขืฉืจื” -
01:22
of the speakers have been talking about
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ืžื”ื ื•ืืžื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื•
01:25
is the realization, as you listen to them carefully, that they're not saying:
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”, ืื ื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืฉื”ื ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื:
01:28
Well, this is what we should do; this is what I would like you to do.
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"ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืขืฉื•."
01:31
It's: This is what I have done
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ืืœื: "ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™,
01:33
because I'm excited by it,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืจื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื™,
01:35
because it's a wonderful thing, and it's done something for me
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ ื•ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื•,
01:38
and, of course, it's accomplished a great deal.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“."
01:41
It's the old concept, the real Greek concept,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”, ื”ืชืคื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื”,
01:44
of philanthropy in its original sense:
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ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื ืชืจื•ืคื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™:
01:48
phil-anthropy, the love of humankind.
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"ืคื™ืœ-ืื ืชืจื•ืคื™ื”": ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
01:51
And the only explanation I can have
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ื•ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™
01:53
for some of what you've been hearing in the last four days
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ืœื—ืœืง ืžืžื” ืฉืฉืžืขืชื ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
01:56
is that it arises, in fact, out of a form of love.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชื•ืš ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”.
02:00
And this gives me enormous hope.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ื˜ืข ื‘ื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
02:03
And hope, of course, is the topic
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ื•ืชืงื•ื•ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉื
02:05
that I'm supposed to be speaking about,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•,
02:07
which I'd completely forgotten about until I arrived.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื›ื—ืชื™ ืžื›ืš ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ.
02:11
And when I did, I thought,
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ื•ื›ืฉื ื–ื›ืจืชื™, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™,
02:13
well, I'd better look this word up in the dictionary.
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ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ.
02:16
So, Sarah and I -- my wife -- walked over to the public library,
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ืื– ืฉืจื” - ืืฉืชื™ - ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช,
02:19
which is four blocks away, on Pacific Street, and we got the OED,
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ืืจื‘ืขื” ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืจื—' ืคืกื™ืคื™ืง, ืคืชื—ื ื• ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“,
02:23
and we looked in there, and there are 14 definitions of hope,
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ื‘ื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื 14 ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืœืžื™ืœื” "ืชืงื•ื•ื”",
02:27
none of which really hits you
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ืฉืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœื ืคื•ื’ืขืช
02:30
between the eyes as being the appropriate one.
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ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืงื•ืœืขืช.
02:33
And, of course, that makes sense,
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ื•ื–ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™,
02:35
because hope is an abstract phenomenon; it's an abstract idea,
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ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช; ื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜,
02:38
it's not a concrete word.
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ื•ืœื ืžื™ืœื” ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช.
02:41
Well, it reminds me a little bit of surgery.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื—.
02:44
If there's one operation for a disease, you know it works.
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ืื ืœืžื—ืœื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืื—ื“, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—.
02:48
If there are 15 operations, you know that none of them work.
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ืื ื™ืฉื ื 15 ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืืฃ ืœื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—.
02:50
And that's the way it is with definitions of words.
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ืขื ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื™ื.
02:53
If you have appendicitis, they take your appendix out, and you're cured.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืชื•ืกืคืชืŸ, ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืœืš ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืืชื” ื ืจืคื.
02:57
If you've got reflux oesophagitis, there are 15 procedures,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจื™ืคืœื•ืงืก ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื˜, ื™ืฉ 15 ื ื•ื”ืœื™-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ,
03:00
and Joe Schmo does it one way
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ื•ื“ื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื›ืš,
03:02
and Will Blow does it another way,
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ื•ืžืฉื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืื—ืจืช,
03:04
and none of them work, and that's the way it is with this word, hope.
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ื•ืืฃ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—. ื›ืš ื’ื ืขื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•, "ืชืงื•ื•ื”".
03:07
They all come down to the idea of an expectation
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ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืžืชืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื”
03:10
of something good that is due to happen.
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืฉื™ืชืจื—ืฉ.
03:13
And you know what I found out?
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™?
03:15
The Indo-European root of the word hope
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ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™-ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืชืงื•ื•ื”"
03:18
is a stem, K-E-U --
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ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™-ืื™-ื™ื• --
03:20
we would spell it K-E-U; it's pronounced koy --
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ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื–ืืช "ืงื™ื•" ืืš ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื "ืงื•ื™" --
03:25
and it is the same root from which the word curve comes from.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืขื™ืงื•ืœ".
03:29
But what it means in the original Indo-European
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ืืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช-ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช
03:33
is a change in direction, going in a different way.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื”.
03:37
And I find that very interesting and very provocative,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืฉื–ื” ืžืื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจ-ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”,
03:40
because what you've been hearing in the last couple of days
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ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืฉืžืขืชื ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
03:43
is the sense of going in different directions:
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ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื:
03:47
directions that are specific and unique to problems.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
03:50
There are different paradigms.
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ื™ืฉ ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
03:52
You've heard that word several times in the last four days,
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ืฉืžืขืชื ืžื™ืœื” ื–ื• ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
03:54
and everyone's familiar with Kuhnian paradigms.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช "ื”ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืŸ" [ืชื•ืžืก ืกืžื•ืืœ].
03:57
So, when we think of hope now,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืขืช ืขืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
03:59
we have to think of looking in other directions
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
04:02
than we have been looking.
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ืžืืœื” ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ืคืฉื ื•.
04:05
There's another -- not definition, but description, of hope
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ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ - ืœื ื”ื’ื“ืจื”, ืืœื ืชื™ืื•ืจ - ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”
04:08
that has always appealed to me, and it was one by Vรกclav Havel
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ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืงืกื ืœื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื•ืฆืœืื‘ ื”ืื•ื•ืœ
04:12
in his perfectly spectacular book "Breaking the Peace,"
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ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื”ื ืคืœื "ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื",
04:16
in which he says that hope
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื”
04:18
does not consist of the expectation that things will
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ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
04:21
come out exactly right,
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ื™ืกืชื“ืจื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
04:23
but the expectation that they will make sense
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ืืœื ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื,
04:26
regardless of how they come out.
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ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื™ืกืชื“ืจื•.
04:29
I can't tell you how reassured I was
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ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื ืจื’ืขืชื™
04:32
by the very last sentence
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ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืžืฉ-ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
04:35
in that glorious presentation by Dean Kamen a few days ago.
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ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช ื”ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื.
04:40
I wasn't sure I heard it right,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื•ื–ื ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื• ืื•ืชื™,
04:42
so I found him in one of the inter-sessions.
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ืื– ืชืคืกืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
04:46
He was talking to a very large man, but I didn't care.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืื“, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืื™ื›ืคืช.
04:49
I interrupted, and I said, "Did you say this?"
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ื”ืคืจืขืชื™ ืœื”ื, ื•ืฉืืœืชื™, "ื‘ืืžืช ืืžืจืช ืืช ื–ื”?"
04:51
He said, "I think so."
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ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, "ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืŸ."
04:53
So, here's what it is: I'll repeat it.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืจ. ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš:
04:55
"The world will not be saved by the Internet."
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"ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื™ื ืฆืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜."
04:59
It's wonderful. Do you know what the world will be saved by?
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ื–ื” ื ืคืœื. ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื” ื™ื™ื ืฆืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื?
05:03
I'll tell you. It'll be saved by the human spirit.
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ืื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื. ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฆืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
05:05
And by the human spirit, I don't mean anything divine,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืžืจื™ "ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช" ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ.
05:08
I don't mean anything supernatural --
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ --
05:10
certainly not coming from this skeptic.
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ืืช ื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ืชืฉืžืขื• ืžืคื™ ื”ืกืคืงืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
05:14
What I mean is this ability
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ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื•
05:16
that each of us has
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•
05:18
to be something greater than herself or himself;
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืขืฆืžื” ืื• ืžืขืฆืžื•.
05:24
to arise out of our ordinary selves and achieve something
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ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืฉื”ื•
05:28
that at the beginning we thought perhaps we were not capable of.
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ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’.
05:32
On an elemental level, we have all felt
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ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื—ื•ืฉ
05:35
that spirituality at the time of childbirth.
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ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืจื’ืข ืœื™ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“.
05:38
Some of you have felt it in laboratories;
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ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื—ืฉื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”;
05:40
some of you have felt it at the workbench.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื—ืฉื• ื–ืืช ืœื™ื“ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
05:42
We feel it at concerts.
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ืื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ื™ื.
05:44
I've felt it in the operating room, at the bedside.
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ืื ื™ ื—ืฉืชื™ ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—, ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื”.
05:47
It is an elevation of us beyond ourselves.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ื•
05:50
And I think that it's going to be, in time,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื•, ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
05:54
the elements of the human spirit that we've been hearing about
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ืื™ืชื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉืžืขื ื•
05:58
bit by bit by bit from so many of the speakers in the last few days.
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ืžืขื˜ ืคื”, ืžืขื˜ ืฉื, ืžืคื™ ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
06:03
And if there's anything that has permeated this room,
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื—ื“ืจ ื•ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”,
06:07
it is precisely that.
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
06:10
I'm intrigued by
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ืžืกืงืจื ืช ืื•ืชื™
06:13
a concept that was brought to life
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ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื
06:16
in the early part of the 19th century --
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-19 --
06:18
actually, in the second decade of the 19th century --
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19 --
06:22
by a 27-year-old poet
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ืข"ื™ ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื‘ืŸ 27
06:25
whose name was Percy Shelley.
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ืฉืฉืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืคืจืกื™ ืฉืœื™.
06:27
Now, we all think that Shelley
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื™
06:29
obviously is the great romantic poet that he was;
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ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ื”;
06:32
many of us tend to forget that he wrote
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘
06:37
some perfectly wonderful essays, too,
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ื’ื ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ื ืคืœืื™ื,
06:40
and the most well-remembered essay
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:43
is one called "A Defence of Poetry."
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ืงืจื•ื™ "ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื”."
06:47
Now, it's about five, six, seven, eight pages long,
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ืื•ืจื›ื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื”, ืฉื™ืฉื”, ืฉื‘ืขื”, ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื,
06:50
and it gets kind of deep and difficult after about the third page,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืขืžื™ืง ื•ืงืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืขืจืš,
06:53
but somewhere on the second page
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ืืš ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™,
06:57
he begins talking about the notion
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
07:01
that he calls "moral imagination."
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ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื ื” "ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื™."
07:06
And here's what he says, roughly translated:
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื, ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™:
07:11
A man -- generic man --
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ืื“ื -- ืื“ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ --
07:15
a man, to be greatly good,
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ืื“ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืื™ืŸ-ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ,
07:18
must imagine clearly.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
07:21
He must see himself and the world
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ืขืœื™ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
07:26
through the eyes of another,
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ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืจ,
07:29
and of many others.
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ื•ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
07:34
See himself and the world -- not just the world, but see himself.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื - ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.
07:40
What is it that is expected of us
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ืžื”ื• ืฉืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžืื™ืชื ื•
07:43
by the billions of people
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ืข"ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื
07:46
who live in what Laurie Garrett the other day
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืจื™ ื’ืืจื˜, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื,
07:49
so appropriately called
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ื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื›ื” ื”ื•ืœื
07:51
despair and disparity?
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ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื•ื ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช?
07:53
What is it that they have every right
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ืžื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื›ื•ืชื ื”ืžืœืื”
07:57
to ask of us?
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ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืื™ืชื ื•?
07:59
What is it that we have every right to ask of ourselves,
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ืžื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื›ื•ืชื ื• ื”ืžืœืื” ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืขืฆืžื ื•,
08:03
out of our shared humanity and out of the human spirit?
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ืžืชื•ืš ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื ื• ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช?
08:08
Well, you know precisely what it is.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ื–ื”.
08:11
There's a great deal of argument
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื
08:13
about whether we, as the great nation that we are,
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ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืื ื•, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื•,
08:17
should be the policeman of the world,
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
08:20
the world's constabulary,
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ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
08:23
but there should be virtually no argument
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ืืš ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื•ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—
08:27
about whether we should be the world's healer.
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ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืคืื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
08:32
There has certainly been no argument about that
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช-ื“ืขื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื”,
08:35
in this room in the past four days.
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ื‘ืื•ืœื ื–ื”, ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
08:39
So, if we are to be the world's healer,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื‘ื“ืขืชื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืคืื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
08:42
every disadvantaged person in this world --
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžืงื•ืคื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” --
08:45
including in the United States -- becomes our patient.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ -- ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื•.
08:50
Every disadvantaged nation, and perhaps our own nation,
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ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื” ืžืงื•ืคื—ืช, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•,
08:54
becomes our patient.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
08:57
So, it's fun to think about the etymology of the word "patient."
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ื•ื ื—ืžื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜".
09:02
It comes initially from the Latin patior, to endure, or to suffer.
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ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช "ืคื˜ื™ื•ืจ": ืœืฉืืช ืื• ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ.
09:11
So, you go back to the old Indo-European root again,
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ืื– ืื ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™-ืื™ืจื•ืคื™,
09:14
and what do you find? The Indo-European stem is pronounced payen --
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ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™-ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื "ืคืื™ื™ืŸ" --
09:18
we would spell it P-A-E-N -- and, lo and behold, mirabile dictu,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืื™ื™ืชื™ื ื–ืืช ืคื™-ืื™ื™-ืื™-ืืŸ, ื•ื”ื ื” ืคืœื ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™,
09:23
it is the same root as the word compassion comes from, P-A-E-N.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื—ืžืœื”.
09:29
So, the lesson is very clear. The lesson is that our patient --
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืœืงื— ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืื“. ื”ืœืงื— ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื• --
09:34
the world, and the disadvantaged of the world --
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืงื•ืคื—ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื --
09:38
that patient deserves our compassion.
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ื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื—ืžืœื” ืฉืœื ื•.
09:43
But beyond our compassion, and far greater than compassion,
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ืืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ืžืœื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืžืœื”,
09:46
is our moral imagination
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ืงื™ื™ื ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื ื• ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™
09:48
and our identification with each individual
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ื•ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื›ืœ ืื“ื
09:52
who lives in that world,
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ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื–ื”,
09:55
not to think of them as a huge forest,
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ืœื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืขืœ ื™ืขืจ ืขื ืง,
09:59
but as individual trees.
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ืืœื ื›ืขืœ ืขืฆื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื.
10:02
Of course, in this day and age, the trick is not to let each tree
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืขืฅ ื•ืขืฅ
10:06
be obscured by that Bush in Washington that can get --
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ื™ื•ืกืชืจ ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื— (ื‘ื•ืฉ) ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœื•ืœ -
10:10
can get in the way.
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ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข.
10:12
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
10:14
So, here we are.
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ืื– ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื.
10:16
We are, should be,
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ืื ื• ื”ื ื ื•, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
10:19
morally committed to
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ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช
10:22
being the healer of the world.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืคืื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:26
And we have had examples over and over and over again --
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ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช --
10:30
you've just heard one in the last 15 minutes --
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ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืฉืžืขืชื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื›ื–ื•, ื‘-15 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช --
10:34
of people who have not only had that commitment,
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ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ื ื˜ืœื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื•,
10:38
but had the charisma, the brilliance --
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ืืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื’ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื”, ื”ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช --
10:40
and I think in this room it's easy to use the word brilliant, my God --
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ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืื•ืœื ื–ื” ืงืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” "ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช", ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื --
10:44
the brilliance to succeed at least at the beginning
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ื”ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื”
10:48
of their quest,
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ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื,
10:50
and who no doubt will continue to succeed,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—,
10:53
as long as more and more of us enlist ourselves in their cause.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืžื˜ืจืชื.
10:58
Now, if we're talking
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ื•ืื ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื
11:01
about medicine,
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ืขืœ ืจืคื•ืื”,
11:03
and we're talking about healing,
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ื•ืขืœ ืจื™ืคื•ื™,
11:06
I'd like to quote someone who hasn't been quoted.
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื–ื›ื” ืฉื™ืฆื˜ื˜ื• ืื•ืชื•.
11:10
It seems to me everybody in the world's been quoted here:
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืฉื™ืฆื˜ื˜ื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืืŸ:
11:12
Pogo's been quoted;
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ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ื• ืืช ืคื•ื’ื•;
11:14
Shakespeare's been quoted backwards, forwards, inside out.
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ืืช ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ื• ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืื—ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื.
11:18
I would like to quote one of my own household gods.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืืœื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
11:21
I suspect he never really said this,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืžืจ ื–ืืช,
11:24
because we don't know what Hippocrates really said,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืืžืจ ื”ื™ืคื•ืงืจื˜ืก,
11:27
but we do know for sure that one of the great Greek physicians
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ืืš ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœื™ื
11:30
said the following,
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ืืžืจ ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ,
11:33
and it has been recorded in one of the books attributed to Hippocrates,
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ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืขื“ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืงืจื˜ืก,
11:36
and the book is called "Precepts."
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ื”ืกืคืจ ืงืจื•ื™ "ืคืชื’ืžื™ื."
11:38
And I'll read you what it is.
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ืืงืจื™ื ืœื›ื ื–ืืช.
11:41
Remember, I have been talking about,
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ื–ื™ื›ืจื• ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™
11:44
essentially philanthropy:
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ืขืœ ืคื™ืœื ืชืจื•ืคื™ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช:
11:46
the love of humankind, the individual humankind
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ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื,
11:51
and the individual humankind
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ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื
11:53
that can bring that kind of love
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ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”
11:55
translated into action,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื™ืชืจื’ืžืช ืœืคืขื•ืœื”,
11:58
translated, in some cases, into enlightened self-interest.
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ืžื™ืชืจื’ืžืช, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฆืžื™ ื ืื•ืจ.
12:01
And here he is, 2,400 years ago:
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื–ื”, ืžืœืคื ื™ 2,400 ืฉื ื”:
12:06
"Where there is love of humankind,
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"ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™,
12:10
there is love of healing."
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ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจืคืืช."
12:13
We have seen that here today
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ื ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ืš ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื™ื•ื
12:16
with the sense,
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ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉื”,
12:18
with the sensitivity --
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ื‘ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช -
12:21
and in the last three days,
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ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
12:23
and with the power of the indomitable human spirit.
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ื’ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืœื-ื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
12:27
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
12:29
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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