Tierney Thys: Swim with giant sunfish in the open ocean

108,500 views ใƒป 2007-05-24

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shir Ben Asher Kestin ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:25
I'd like to start tonight by something completely different,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™
00:29
asking you to join me by stepping off the land
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ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™, ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”
00:33
and jumping into the open ocean for a moment.
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ื•ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืคืชื•ื— ืœืจื’ืข.
00:38
90 percent of the living space on the planet is in the open ocean,
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90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืคืชื•ื—,
00:43
and it's where life -- the title of our seminar tonight -- it's where life began.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื- ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืžื™ื ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืขืจื‘-- ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื•.
00:48
And it's a lively and a lovely place,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืžืœื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืงืกื™ื,
00:51
but we're rapidly changing the oceans with our --
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ --
00:55
not only with our overfishing, our irresponsible fishing,
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ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื’ ื™ืชืจ, ื“ื™ื’ ื—ืกืจ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช,
01:00
our adding of pollutants like fertilizer from our cropland,
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ื•ื”ื•ืกืคื” ืฉืœ ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ืฉื ื™ื ืžื—ืงืœืื•ืช
01:05
but also, most recently, with climate change,
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ืืœื ื’ื, ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
01:07
and Steve Schneider, I'm sure, will be going into greater detail on this.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืกื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืจ ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
01:10
Now, as we continue to tinker with the oceans,
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ืขื ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
01:13
more and more reports are predicting that the kinds of seas that we're creating
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื›ื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื
01:18
will be conducive to low-energy type of animals, like jellyfish and bacteria.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื•ื–ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื.
01:23
And this might be the kind of seas we're headed for.
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ื•ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ืคื ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช.
01:26
Now jellyfish are strangely hypnotic and beautiful,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื“ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืžื”ืคื ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ,
01:30
and you'll see lots of gorgeous ones at the aquarium on Friday,
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ื•ืืชื ืชืจืื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™,
01:35
but they sting like hell, and jellyfish sushi and sashimi
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช, ื•ืกื•ืฉื™ ื•ืกืฉื™ืžื™ ืžืžื“ื•ื–ื•ืช
01:40
is just not going to fill you up.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžืœื ืืชื›ื.
01:42
About 100 grams of jellyfish equals four calories.
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ื‘ืขืจืš 100 ื’ืจื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื•ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืœืืจื‘ืข ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
01:47
So it may be good for the waistline,
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื’ื–ืจื”,
01:49
but it probably won't keep you satiated for very long.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืฉืื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
01:52
And a sea that's just filled and teeming with jellyfish
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ื•ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืœื ื•ืฉื•ืคืข ื‘ืžื“ื•ื–ื•ืช
01:57
isn't very good for all the other creatures that live in the oceans,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
02:00
that is, unless you eat jellyfish.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืื•ื›ืœ ืžื“ื•ื–ื•ืช.
02:03
And this is this voracious predator launching a sneak attack
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืจืขื‘ืชื ื™ ืฉืžืชืคืจืฅ ื‘ืžืชืงืคืช ืคืชืข
02:07
on this poor little unsuspecting jellyfish there, a by-the-wind sailor.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืกื›ื ื” ื•ื”ืœื-ื—ื•ืฉื“ืช ื”ื–ืืช, ื ืกื—ืคืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ื—.
02:11
And that predator is the giant ocean sunfish, the Mola mola,
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ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื’-ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื ืง, ื”ืžื•ืœื”-ืžื•ืœื”,
02:17
whose primary prey are jellyfish.
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ื•ื˜ืจืคื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื•ื–ื•ืช.
02:20
This animal is in "The Guinness World Book of Records"
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ืก
02:22
for being the world's heaviest bony fish.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื“ื’ ื”ื’ืจื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:24
It reaches up to almost 5,000 pounds -- on a diet of jellyfish, primarily.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืžืขื˜ 2,250 ืง"ื’ -- ืขืœ ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื•ื–ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ.
02:31
And I think it's kind of a nice little cosmological convergence here
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื” ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงืจื™ื ืงื•ืกืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื ื—ืžื“
02:35
that the Mola mola -- its common name is sunfish --
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ืฉื”ืžื•ืœื” ืžื•ืœื”- ืฉืฉืžื• ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื”ื•ื ื“ื’ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
02:38
that its favorite food is the moon jelly.
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ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื’'ืœื™ ื™ืจื— (ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืžื“ื•ื–ื”).
02:42
So it's kind of nice, the sun and the moon getting together this way,
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ืื– ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื ื—ืžื“, ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืจื— ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื ื›ื›ื”,
02:46
even if one is eating the other.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื—ื“ ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™
02:51
Now this is typically how you see sunfish,
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ื–ื” ืื™ืš ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื“ื’ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ
02:54
this is where they get their common name.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ื›ื›ื”.
02:56
They like to sunbathe, can't blame them.
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ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื–ืฃ ื‘ืฉืžืฉ, ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื.
02:58
They just lay out on the surface of the sea
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื
03:01
and most people think they're sick or lazy, but that's a typical behavior,
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืขืฆืœื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
03:05
they lie out and bask on the surface.
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ื”ื ืฉื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ืžืชื—ืžืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืฉ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื.
03:08
Their other name, Mola mola, is -- it sounds Hawaiian,
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ืฉืžื ื”ืฉื ื™, ืžื•ืœื” ืžื•ืœื” ื ืฉืžืข ื”ื•ื•ืื™
03:11
but it's actually Latin for millstone,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจ "ืื‘ืŸ ืจื™ื—ื™ื™ื" ื‘ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช,
03:14
and that's attributable to their roundish, very bizarre, cut-off shape.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืขื’ืœื’ืœื” ื•ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื.
03:20
It's as if, as they were growing, they just forgot the tail part.
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ื’ื“ืœื• ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื ื‘.
03:24
And that's actually what drew me to the Mola in the first place,
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืฉืš ืื•ืชื™ ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื” ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”,
03:28
was this terribly bizarre shape.
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ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื–ืืจื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœื”ื.
03:31
You know, you look at sharks, and they're streamlined, and they're sleek,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื,
03:36
and you look at tuna, and they're like torpedoes --
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ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื’ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื ื›ืžื• ื˜ื™ืœื™ ื˜ื•ืจืคื“ื•
03:39
they just give away their agenda. They're about migration and strength,
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ื”ื ื™ืฉืจ ืžื’ืœื™ื ืœืš ืžื” ื”ืื’'ื ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื“ื™ื“ื” ื•ื›ื—.
03:43
and then you look at the sunfish.
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ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื’-ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
03:46
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:48
And this is just so elegantly mysterious, it's just --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™, ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜--
03:55
it really kind of holds its cards a lot tighter than say, a tuna.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืงืœืคื™ื ืฉืœื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื—ื–ื” ืžืืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืœ- ื˜ื•ื ื”.
04:02
So I was just intrigued with what -- you know, what is this animal's story?
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืกื•ืงืจื ืช ืžืžื” -- ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืžื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช?
04:08
Well, as with anything in biology, nothing really makes sense
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื ืจืื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
04:11
except in the light of evolution.
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืฉืจ ืœืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”.
04:13
The Mola's no exception.
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ.
04:15
They appeared shortly after the dinosaurs disappeared,
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื ื ืขืœืžื•,
04:19
65 million years ago, at a time when whales still had legs,
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ืœืคื ื™ 65 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”, ื›ืฉืœืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื,
04:23
and they come from a rebellious little puffer fish faction --
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžืคืœื’ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืžืจื“ื ื™ ื‘ื“ื’ื™ ื”"ืื‘ื•-ื ืคื—ื" --
04:29
oblige me a little Kipling-esque storytelling here.
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ืชืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ- ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืงื™ืคืœื™ื ื’ ืœืจื’ืข.
04:32
Of course evolution is somewhat random, and you know,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืืงืจืื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
04:35
about 55 million years ago there was this rebellious little puffer fish faction
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืœืคื ื™ 55 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืคืœื’ ื”ืžืจื“ื ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื’ื™ ื”ืื‘ื•-ื ืคื—ื
04:39
that said, oh, the heck with the coral reefs --
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ืฉืืžืจื• "ื”ื•, ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ืขื ืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื --
04:41
we're going to head to the high seas.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืง."
04:43
And lots of generations, lots of tweaking and torquing,
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืืžื•ืช,
04:48
and we turn our puffer into the Mola.
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ื•ื”ืื‘ื•-ื ืคื—ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžื•ืœื”.
04:50
You know, if you give Mother Nature enough time, that is what she will produce.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื , ืื ืชืชื ื• ืœืืžื ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื™ื™ืฆืจ.
04:58
They look -- maybe they look
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ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื -- ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื
05:00
kind of prehistoric and unfinished, abridged perhaps,
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ืงืฆืช ืคืจื”-ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื, ื—ืชื•ื›ื™ื ืื•ืœื™,
05:04
but in fact, in fact they are the --
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื” --
05:08
they vie for the top position of the most evolutionarily-derived fish in the sea,
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืขืžื“ื” ื”ื ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžื›ื— ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
05:14
right up there with flat fish.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื“ื’ื™ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•.
05:17
They're -- every single thing about that fish has been changed.
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ื”ื -- ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื“ื’ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื”.
05:21
And in terms of fishes --
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ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ื --
05:23
fishes appeared 500 million years ago, and they're pretty modern,
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ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืœืคื ื™ 500 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ื ื“ื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื,
05:29
just 50 million years ago, so --
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ืจืง ืžืœืคื ื™ 50 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”, ืื–
05:33
so interestingly, they give away their ancestry as they develop.
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ืื– ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
05:38
They start as little eggs,
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช,
05:40
and they're in "The Guinness World Book of Records" again
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ื•ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ืก ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื
05:42
for having the most number of eggs of any vertebrate on the planet.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
05:46
A single four-foot female had 300 million eggs,
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ืœื ืงื‘ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืจืš 1.2 ืžื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื• 300 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื,
05:52
can carry 300 million eggs in her ovaries -- imagine --
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ 300 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื—ืœื” ืฉืœื” -- ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื --
05:55
and they get to be over 10 feet long. Imagine what a 10 foot one has.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ 3 ืžื˜ืจ. ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืจืš 3 ืžื˜ืจ.
06:00
And from that little egg,
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ื•ืžื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
06:02
they pass through this spiky little porcupine fish stage, reminiscent of their ancestry,
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ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื‘ ืงื•ืฆื ื™-ืงื™ืคื•ื“ื™ ืงืฆืจ, ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื‘ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื,
06:07
and develop -- this is their little adolescent stage.
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ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื-- ื–ื” ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
06:10
They school as adolescents, and become behemoth loners as adults.
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ื”ื ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืœืœื”ืงื•ืช ื›ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืขื ืงื™ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
06:17
That's a little diver up there in the corner.
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ื–ื” ืฆื•ืœืœืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืคื™ื ื”.
06:20
They're in "The Guinness World Book of Records" again
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ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ืก
06:23
for being the vertebrate growth champion of the world.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืืœื•ืคื™ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ื ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:26
From their little hatching size of their egg, into their little larval stage
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ืžื”ื‘ืงื™ืขื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืœืืจื•ื•ืืœื™
06:30
till they reach adulthood, they put on 600 million times an increase in weight.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช, ื”ื ืžื›ืคื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืงืœื ืคื™ 600 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
06:36
600 million. Now imagine if you gave birth to a little baby,
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600 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืœื›ื ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ,
06:42
and you had to feed this thing.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
06:46
That would mean that your child, you would expect it to gain the weight of six Titanics.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืœืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืฉืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ืง.
06:53
Now I don't know how you'd feed a child like that but --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืื›ื™ืœื™ื ื™ืœื“ ื›ื–ื” ืื‘ืœ --
06:56
we don't know how fast the Molas grow in the wild,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ื”ืžื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข
07:02
but captive growth studies at the Monterey Bay Aquarium --
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ --
07:05
one of the first places to have them in captivity --
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ืœื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ --
07:07
they had one that gained 800 lbs in 14 months.
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ื”ื™ื” ื“ื’ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ืขืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš 360 ืง"ื’ ื‘-14 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
07:11
I said, now, that's a true American.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืืžื™ืชื™.
07:14
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:20
So being a loner is a great thing, especially in today's seas,
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ืื– ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื•ืœื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
07:24
because schooling used to be salvation for fishes,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืชืœื”ืงื•ืช ืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื,
07:27
but it's suicide for fishes now.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
07:30
But unfortunately Molas, even though they don't school,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ืžื•ืœื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืชืœื”ืงื™ื,
07:32
they still get caught in nets as by-catch.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืชืคืกื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ ืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ื’-ืœื•ื•ืื™.
07:34
If we're going to save the world from total jellyfish domination,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื•ื–ื•ืช ,
07:39
then we've got to figure out what the jellyfish predators --
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ื–ื•ืช --
07:41
how they live their lives, like the Mola.
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื•ืœื”.
07:43
And unfortunately, they make up a large portion of the California by-catch --
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ื•ืœืฆืขืจื ื•, ื”ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ื’ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” --
07:48
up to 26 percent of the drift net.
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ืขื“ ื›-26 ืื—ื•ื–.
07:50
And in the Mediterranean, in the swordfish net fisheries,
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืจื‘,
07:55
they make up up to 90 percent.
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ื”ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื 90 ืื—ื•ื–.
07:59
So we've got to figure out how they're living their lives.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
08:02
And how do you do that?
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ื•ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
08:04
How do you do that with an animal -- very few places in the world.
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ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ื—ื™ื” -- ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:07
This is an open ocean creature. It knows no boundaries -- it doesn't go to land.
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ื–ื” ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืคืชื•ื—. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช -- ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ืœื™ื‘ืฉื”.
08:11
How do you get insight?
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ืื™ืš ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ ืคื ื™ืžื”?
08:13
How do you seduce an open ocean creature like that to spill its secrets?
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ืื™ืš ืžืคืชื™ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืคืชื•ื— ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœื ื• ืืช ืกื•ื“ื•?
08:18
Well, there's some great new technology
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื ื”ื“ืจืช
08:21
that has just recently become available,
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืจืง ืžืžืฉ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
08:23
and it's just a boon for getting insight into open ocean animals.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืคืชื•ื—.
08:27
And it's pictured right here, that little tag up there.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืคื”, ื”ืชื’ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื.
08:31
That little tag can record temperature, depth and light intensity,
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ื”ืชื•ื’ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืขื“ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”, ืขื•ืžืง ื•ืขืฆืžืช ืื•ืจ,
08:36
which is correlated with time, and from that we can get locations.
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ืฉืžืชื•ืืžื™ื ืขื ื”ืฉืขื”, ื•ืžื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ื.
08:40
And it can record this data for up to two years,
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืขื“ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขื“ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
08:44
and keep it in that tag, release at a pre-programmed time,
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ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื’, ืฉืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืช ืžืจืืฉ,
08:48
float to the surface, upload all that data, that whole travelogue,
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ืฆืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”, ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื”,
08:52
to satellite, which relays it directly to our computers,
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ืืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื™ืฉืจ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
08:55
and we've got that whole dataset. And we didn't even have --
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื˜ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื”. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื --
08:59
we just had to tag the animal and then we went home and you know, sat at our desks.
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ืจืง ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชื™ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ืื– ื”ืœื›ื ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
09:04
So the great thing about the Mola
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ืื– ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื•ืœื”
09:06
is that when we put the tag on them -- if you look up here --
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื-- ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืœื›ืืŸ--
09:09
that's streaming off, that's right where we put the tag.
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ื–ื” ื–ื•ืจื, ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื’.
09:11
And it just so happens that's a parasite hanging off the Mola.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื˜ืคื™ืœ ืฉื ืชืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื”.
09:15
Molas are infamous for carrying tons of parasites.
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ืžื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉืกื•ื—ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื˜ืคื™ืœื™ื.
09:18
They're just parasite hotels; even their parasites have parasites.
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ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ืœื˜ืคื™ืœื™ื; ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื˜ืคื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืคื™ืœื™ื.
09:22
I think Donne wrote a poem about that.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื“ืืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
09:24
But they have 40 genera of parasites,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื 40 ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืคื™ืœื™ื,
09:27
and so we figured just one more parasite won't be too much of a problem.
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืขื•ื“ ื˜ืคื™ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ื”.
09:31
And they happen to be a very good vehicle for carrying oceanographic equipment.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืกื—ื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื’ืจืคื™.
09:36
They don't seem to mind, so far.
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ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœื”ื, ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื.
09:39
So what are we trying to find out? We're focusing on the Pacific.
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช? ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜.
09:43
We're tagging on the California coast, and we're tagging over in Taiwan and Japan.
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ืืชื—ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื•ื™ืคืŸ.
09:47
And we're interested in how these animals are using the currents,
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ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ืื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื–ืจืžื™ื,
09:50
using temperature, using the open ocean, to live their lives.
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ.
09:56
We'd love to tag in Monterey.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœืชื™ื™ื’ ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™
09:58
Monterey is one of the few places in the world where Molas come in large numbers.
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ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
10:02
Not this time of year -- it's more around October.
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ืœื ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ.
10:05
And we'd love to tag here -- this is an aerial shot of Monterey --
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœืชื™ื™ื’ ืคื” -- ื–ื” ืžืจื—ืง ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ ืงืฆืจ ืžืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ --
10:08
but unfortunately, the Molas here end up looking like this
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืฆืขืจื ื•, ื”ืžื•ืœื•ืช ืคื” ืžืกื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืืช ื“ืจื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ื›ื›ื”
10:12
because another one of our locals really likes Molas but in the wrong way.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ ืžื•ืœื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘.
10:16
The California sea lion takes the Molas as soon as they come into the bay,
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ืืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืžืคืจืฅ,
10:20
rips off their fins, fashions them into the ultimate Frisbee, Mola style,
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ืชื•ืœืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื ืคื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ืžืขืฆื‘ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืคืจื™ื–ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœื”,
10:25
and then tosses them back and forth.
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ื•ืื– ืžืขื™ืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
10:27
And I'm not exaggerating, it is just --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื’ื–ื™ืžื”, ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ --
10:30
and sometimes they don't eat them, it's just spiteful.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื, ื”ื ืกืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื.
10:33
And you know, the locals think it's terrible behavior,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื ื•ืจืื™ืช,
10:38
it's just horrible watching this happen, day after day.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื•ืจื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจ ื™ื•ื.
10:43
The poor little Molas coming in, getting ripped to shreds,
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ื”ืžื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžืคืจืฅ, ื ืงืจืขื•ืช ืœื’ื–ืจื™ื,
10:46
so we head down south, to San Diego.
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ืื– ื”ืœื›ื ื• ื“ืจื•ืžื”, ืœืกืŸ-ื“ื™ื™ื’ื•.
10:50
Not so many California sea lions down there.
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ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืจื™ื•ืช ื™ื ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื ืฉื.
10:52
And the Molas there, you can find them with a spotter plane very easily,
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืžื˜ื•ืก ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.
10:55
and they like to hang out under floating rafts of kelp.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจืคืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืฆื•ืช.
10:58
And under those kelps -- this is why the Molas come there
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ื•ืžืชื—ืช ืœืืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื” -- ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ืœืฉื
11:01
because it's spa time for the Molas there.
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ื›ื™ ื–ืืช ืฉืขืช ื”ืกืคื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื.
11:05
As soon as they get under those rafts of kelp, the exfoliating cleaner fish come.
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจืคืกื•ื“ืช ื”ืืฆื•ืช, ื“ื’ื™ ื”ื ืงืื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื.
11:09
And they come and give the Molas --
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ื•ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœืžื•ืœื” --
11:11
you can see they strike this funny little position that says,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ื—ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื” ื›ื–ืืช ืฉืื•ืžืจืช,
11:14
"I'm not threatening, but I need a massage."
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืกืื’'".
11:16
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:20
And they'll put their fins out and their eyes go in the back of their head,
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ื•ื”ื ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ืกื ืคื™ืจื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื—ื•ืจื”,
11:24
and the fish come up and they just clean, clean, clean --
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ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื ืงื™ื, ืžื ืงื™ื , ืžื ืงื™ื --
11:28
because the Molas, you know, there's just a smorgasbord of parasites.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืœื•ืช, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืžื• ืžื–ื ื•ืŸ ืขื ืง ืฉืœ ื˜ืคื™ืœื™ื.
11:32
And it's also a great place to go down south
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืงื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœื”ื“ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื•
11:34
because the water's warmer, and the Molas are kind of friendly down there.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ืžื•ืœื•ืช ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื.
11:38
I mean what other kind of fish, if you approach it right,
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ืื™ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ื’, ืื ืืชื” ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš,
11:41
will say, "Okay, scratch me right there."
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ืื•ืžืจ "ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืชื’ืจื“ ืœื™ ืคื”."
11:43
You truly can swim up to a Mola -- they're very gentle --
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ืืคืฉืจ ืžืžืฉ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื” -- ื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื --
11:46
and if you approach them right, you can give them a scratch and they enjoy it.
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ื•ืื ื ื™ื’ืฉื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืจื“ ืœื”ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื”ื ื• ืžื–ื”.
11:52
So we've also tagged one part of the Pacific;
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ืื– ืชื™ื™ื’ื ื• ื’ื ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜;
11:54
we've gone over to another part of the Pacific,
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜,
11:56
and we've tagged in Taiwan, and we tagged in Japan.
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ื•ืชื™ื™ื’ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื•ืชื™ื™ื’ื ื• ื‘ื™ืคืŸ.
12:00
And over in these places, the Molas are caught in set nets that line these countries.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื”ืžื•ืœื•ืช ื ืชืคืกื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
12:05
And they're not thrown back as by-catch, they're eaten.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ื ื–ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ื’-ืœื•ื•ืื™, ื”ืŸ ื ืื›ืœื•ืช.
12:08
We were served a nine-course meal of Mola after we tagged.
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ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืœื ื• ืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ 9 ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื’ื ื•.
12:13
Well, not the one we tagged!
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื”ืžื•ืœื” ืฉืชื™ื™ื’ื ื•!
12:16
And everything from the kidney, to the testes, to the back bone,
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื”, ืœืืฉื›ื™ื, ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื”,
12:19
to the fin muscle to -- I think that รญs pretty much the whole fish -- is eaten.
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ืœืฉืจื™ืจ ื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ ืœ -- ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื’ -- ื ืื›ืœ.
12:32
So the hardest part of tagging, now, is
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื” ื‘ืชื™ื•ื’, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื•ื
12:36
after you put that tag on, you have to wait, months.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื’, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื›ื•ืช, ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
12:41
And you're just wondering, oh, I hope the fish is safe,
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ื•ืืชื” ืชื•ื”ื” "ื”ื•, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื“ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—,
12:45
I hope, I hope it's going to be able to actually live its life out
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืื
12:49
during the course that the tag is recording.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืชื’ ืžืชืขื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื."
12:52
The tags cost 3500 dollars each, and then satellite time is another 500 dollars,
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ื”ืชื’ื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื 3500 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ื•ืื– ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื“ 500 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
12:58
so you're like, oh, I hope the tag is okay.
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ืื– ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ "ื”ื•, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ืชื’ ื‘ืกื“ืจ."
13:01
And so the waiting is really the hardest part.
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ืื– ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื”.
13:04
I'm going to show you our latest dataset.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ืกื˜ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
13:06
And it hasn't been published, so it's totally privy information just for TED.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืคื•ืจืกื, ืื– ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืกื•ื“ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ TED.
13:11
And in showing you this, you know, when we're looking at this data,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
13:15
we're thinking, oh do these animals, do they cross the equator?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื "ื”ื• ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื”ืื ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ืืช ืงื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื”?"
13:18
Do they go from one side of the Pacific to the other?
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"ื”ืื ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™?"
13:20
And we found that they kind of are homebodies.
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืช.
13:25
They're not big migrators. This is their track:
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ื”ื ืœื ื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ื–ื” ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื:
13:27
we deployed the tag off of Tokyo, and the Mola in one month
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ืฉืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ืงื™ื•, ื•ื”ืžื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ื“
13:31
kind of got into the Kuroshio Current off of Japan and foraged there.
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื–ืจื ืงื•ืจื•ืฉื™ื• ืœื™ื“ ื™ืคืŸ ื•ืจืขืชื” ืฉื.
13:36
And after four months, went up, you know, off of the north part of Japan.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืขืœืชื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืžื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืคืŸ.
13:40
And that's kind of their home range.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื.
13:42
Now that's important, though, because if there's a lot of fishing pressure,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื™ื’ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
13:46
that population doesn't get replenished.
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ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ.
13:49
So that's a very important piece of data.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
13:51
But also what's important is that they're not slacker, lazy fish.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ื“ื’ื™ื ืขืฆืœื ื™ื.
13:57
They're super industrious.
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ื”ื ืกื•ืคืจ-ื—ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
13:59
And this is a day in the life of a Mola, and if we --
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื•ืœื”, ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• --
14:02
they're up and down, and up and down, and up and down, and up
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ื”ื ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื”-ืœืžื˜ื”,ืœืžืขืœื”-ืœืžื˜ื”,ืœืžืขืœื”-ืœืžื˜ื”, ื•ืœืžืขืœื”
14:06
and up and down, up to 40 times a day.
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ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”, ืขื“ 40 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื.
14:08
As the sun comes up, you see in the blue, they start their dive.
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ื›ืฉื”ืฉื”ืžืฉ ื™ื•ืฆืืช, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื.
14:13
Down -- and as the sun gets brighter they go a little deeper, little deeper.
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ืœืžื˜ื” -- ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ืฆื•ืœืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืง.
14:17
They plumb the depths down to 600 meters, in temperatures to one degree centigrade,
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืžืงื™ื ืขื“ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ 600 ืžื˜ืจื™ื, ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ืื—ืช (ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก),
14:23
and this is why you see them on the surface -- it's so cold down there.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— -- ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืจ ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”.
14:27
They've got to come up, warm, get that solar power,
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ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื”, ืœื”ืชื—ืžื, ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืงืฆืช ื›ื— ืกื•ืœืืจื™,
14:29
and then plunge back into the depths, and go up and down and up and down.
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ื•ืื– ืœืฆืœื•ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืžืงื™ื, ื•ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”.
14:32
And they're hitting a layer down there; it's called the deep scattering layer --
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ื•ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”, ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืงื”" --
14:35
which a whole variety of food's in that layer.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
14:40
So rather than just being some sunbathing slacker,
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ืขืฆืœืŸ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชื–ืฃ,
14:44
they're really very industrious fish that dance this wild dance
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื“ื’ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืคืขืœืชื ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืคืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื”.
14:47
between the surface and the bottom and through temperature.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช.
14:52
We see the same pattern -- now with these tags
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื“ืคื•ืก -- ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื ื”ืชื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
14:55
we're seeing a similar pattern for swordfishes, manta rays, tunas,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ืคื•ืก ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื“ื’ื™ ื—ืจื‘, ืžื ื˜ื” ืจื™ื™, ื˜ื•ื ื”,
14:59
a real three-dimensional play.
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ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ืœืš ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™.
15:04
This is part of a much larger program called the Census of Marine Life,
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ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืชื›ื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™",
15:07
where they're going to be tagging all over the world
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืชื™ื™ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
15:10
and the Mola's going to enter into that.
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืœื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช.
15:12
And what's exciting -- you all travel, and you know
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืจื’ืฉ-- ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื, ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
15:15
the best thing about traveling is to be able to find the locals,
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
15:18
and to find the great places by getting the local knowledge.
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™.
15:21
Well now with the Census of Marine Life, we'll be able to sidle up to all the locals
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™, ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
15:25
and explore 90 percent of our living space, with local knowledge.
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ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ 90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื™ื“ืข ืžืงื•ืžื™.
15:30
It's never -- it's really never been a more exciting, or a vital time, to be a biologist.
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ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื -- ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžืจื’ืฉ ืื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’.
15:36
Which brings me to my last point, and what I think is kind of the most fun.
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ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™, ื•ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื™ืฃ.
15:40
I set up a website because I was getting so many questions about Molas and sunfish.
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ื”ืงืžืชื™ ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื” ื•ื“ื’ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
15:48
And so I just figured I'd have the questions answered,
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ืื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืืขื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช,
15:52
and I'd be able to thank my funders, like National Geographic and Lindbergh.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืžืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื™, ื›ืžื• ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ื’'ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืง ื•ืœื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื’.
15:56
But people would write into the site with all sorts of,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืืชืจ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ,
16:00
all sorts of stories about these animals
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
16:03
and wanting to help me get samples for genetic analysis.
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ื•ืจืฆื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื ืœื™ื–ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช.
16:07
And what I found most exciting is that everyone had a shared --
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื”ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช --
16:14
a shared love and an interest in the oceans.
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ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
16:17
I was getting reports from Catholic nuns,
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืงืชื•ืœื™ื•ืช,
16:21
Jewish Rabbis, Muslims, Christians -- everybody writing in,
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ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื, ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื -- ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื•,
16:26
united by their love of life.
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ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื”ื‘ืชื ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
16:30
And to me that -- I don't think I could say it any better than the immortal Bard himself:
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื–ื”-- ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืกื— ืืช ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ื ื•ื“ื“ ื”ืืœืžื•ืชื™" ื‘ืขืฆืžื•:
16:36
"One touch of nature makes the whole world kin."
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"ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”".
16:40
And sure, it may be just one big old silly fish, but it's helping.
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืกืชื ื“ื’ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ ืื—ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ.
16:44
If it's helping to unite the world, I think it's definitely the fish of the future.
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ืื ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื“ื’ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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