Shereen El-Feki: How to fight an epidemic of bad laws

43,867 views ใƒป 2012-05-24

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Jenny Zurawell
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Let's begin with a story.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืคืชื— ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
00:19
Once upon a time --
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช--
00:21
well actually less than two years ago --
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืคื ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื--
00:24
in a kingdom not so very far away,
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ื‘ืžืžืœื›ื” ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ืจื—ื•ืงื”,
00:27
there was a man
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ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“
00:29
who traveled many miles
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ืฉื ืกืข ืžืจื—ืง ืจื‘
00:31
to come to work at the jewel in the kingdom's crown --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื”ืœื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื”:
00:34
an internationally famous company.
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช,
00:37
Let's call it Island Networks.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ื›ื ื” ืื•ืชื” "ืื™ื™ืœื ื“ ื ื˜ื•ื•ืจืงืก".
00:40
Now this kingdom had many resources
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ืœืื•ืชื” ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
00:43
and mighty ambitions,
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ื•ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช,
00:45
but the one thing it lacked was people.
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ืืš ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:48
And so it invited workers from around the world
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
00:51
to come and help it build the nation.
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ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื”.
00:54
But in order to enter and to stay
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ืืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื”
00:57
these migrants had to pass a few tests.
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ืื•ืชื ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช.
01:00
And so it was, our man presented himself
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ื•ื›ืš, ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืขืฆืžื•
01:03
to authorities in the kingdom,
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ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžืžืœื›ื”,
01:05
looking forward to settling into his new life.
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ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
01:08
But then something unexpected happened.
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ืืš ืื– ืืจืข ื“ื‘ืจ-ืžื” ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™.
01:11
The medical personnel who took blood samples from the man
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉื ื˜ืœ ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื ืžื”ืื™ืฉ
01:15
never actually told him what they were testing for.
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ืœื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื• ืžื” ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื.
01:18
He wasn't offered counseling before or after the test,
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ืœื ื”ื•ืฆืข ืœื• ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ืื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”,
01:23
which is best medical practice.
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืชืงื™ื ื”.
01:25
He was never informed of the results of the test.
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืœื• ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”.
01:28
And yet, a couple of weeks later,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื,
01:30
he was picked up and taken to prison
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ืœืงื—ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ืœื
01:33
where he was subjected to a medical exam,
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ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช,
01:36
including a full-body search
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ืžืœื
01:38
in full view of the others in the cell.
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ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื.
01:42
He was released, but then a day or two later,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื—ืจืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ื ืื• ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื,
01:46
he was taken to the airport and he was deported.
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ื ืœืงื— ืœื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ื’ื•ืจืฉ.
01:51
What on earth did this man do
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ืžื” ื‘ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื
01:54
to merit this treatment?
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ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื–ื”?
01:56
What was his terrible crime?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉืขื• ื”ื ื•ืจื?
01:59
He was infected with HIV.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื•ืข ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
02:02
Now the kingdom is one of about 50 countries
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ืžืžืœื›ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืž-50 ืืจืฆื•ืช
02:05
that imposes restrictions on the entry or stay
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ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื• ืฉื”ื•ืช
02:10
of people living with HIV.
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
02:12
The kingdom argues
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ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžืžืœื›ื”,
02:14
that its laws allow it to detain or deport foreigners
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื” ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœื” ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื• ืœื’ืจืฉ ื–ืจื™ื
02:19
who pose a risk to the economy
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ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”
02:22
or the security or the public health
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ืื• ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืื• ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
02:25
or the morals of the state.
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ืื• ืœืžื•ืกืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
02:27
But these laws, when applied to people living with HIV,
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ืืš ื›ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืื™ื™ื“ืก,
02:31
are a violation of international human rights agreements
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ื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื
02:35
to which these countries are signatories.
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ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื—ืชืžื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื”.
02:38
But you know what?
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”?
02:39
Matters of principle aside,
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ืื ื ื ื™ื— ืœืจื’ืข ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื™ื,
02:41
practically speaking, these laws drive HIV underground.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก ืœืžื—ืชืจืช.
02:46
People are less likely to come forth
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืžืจืฆื•ื ื
02:48
to be tested or treated or to disclose their condition,
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ืœื”ื™ื‘ื“ืง, ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื• ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื,
02:52
none of which helps these individuals
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื
02:55
or the communities these laws purport to protect.
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ืื• ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื™ื™ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ.
02:59
Today we can prevent the transmission of HIV.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
03:03
And with treatment, it is a manageable condition.
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ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื—ืœื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”.
03:07
We are very far from the days
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ื”ืชืจื—ืงื ื• ืžืื“ ืžื”ื™ืžื™ื
03:09
when the only practical response to dread disease
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ื‘ื”ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืื™ื–ื• ืžื—ืœื” ืื™ื•ืžื”
03:13
was to have banished the afflicted --
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื’ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”--
03:15
like this, "The Exile of the Leper."
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื”: "ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืขื™ื".
03:18
So you tell me why, in our age of science,
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ืื– ืื™ืžืจื• ืœื™ ืžื“ื•ืข, ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืข,
03:21
we still have laws and policies
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช
03:24
which come from an age of superstition.
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ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืคืœื•ืช.
03:27
Time for a quick show of hands.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ืจืžืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื–ื”:
03:30
Who here has been touched by HIV --
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื ื’ืข ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก--
03:34
either because you yourself have the virus
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ
03:37
or you have a family member or a friend or a colleague
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ืื• ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื™ื“ื™ื“ ืื• ืขืžื™ืช
03:40
who is living with HIV?
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ืฉื—ื™ ืขื ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ?
03:42
Hands up.
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ื”ืจื™ืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
03:43
Wow. Wow.
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ื•ื•ืื•. ื•ื•ืื•.
03:45
That's a significant number of us.
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ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ืžื•ืช ื ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
03:48
You know better than anyone
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘
03:51
that HIV brings out
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ืฉื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก ืžื•ืฆื™ื
03:53
the best and the worst in humanity.
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ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืช ื”ืจืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ืื“ื.
03:57
And the laws reflect these attitudes.
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืœื”.
03:59
I'm not just talking about laws on the books,
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืคืจื™ื,
04:02
but laws as they are enforced on the streets
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื ืื›ืคื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘
04:06
and laws as they are decided in the courts.
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžืฉืคื˜.
04:08
And I'm not just talking about laws
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื
04:11
as they relate to people living with HIV,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ,
04:13
but people who are at greatest risk of infection --
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ืืœื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช--
04:17
people such as those who inject drugs or sex workers
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ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืฉืžื–ืจื™ืงื™ื ืกืžื™ื ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ
04:20
or men who have sex with men
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ืื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกืงืก ืขื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื
04:23
or transgendered persons
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ืื• ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจื™ื™ื
04:24
or migrants or prisoners.
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ืื• ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื, ืื• ืืกื™ืจื™ื.
04:27
And in many parts of the world that includes women and children
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื
04:30
who are especially vulnerable.
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ื•ืืœื” ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
04:32
Now there are laws in many parts of the world
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ื•ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืงื™ื
04:35
which reflect the best of human nature.
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ืฉืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
04:39
These laws treat people touched by HIV
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ืžืื™ื™ื“ืก
04:42
with compassion and acceptance.
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ื‘ื—ืžืœื” ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืงื‘ืœื”.
04:45
These laws respect universal human rights
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื•ืช
04:48
and they are grounded in evidence.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืขื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช.
04:51
These laws ensure that people living with HIV
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก
04:54
and those at greatest risk
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ื•ืืœื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™
04:56
are protected from violence and discrimination
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ืžืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืืคืœื™ื”
05:00
and that they get access to prevention and to treatment.
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ื•ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžื ื™ืขื” ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
05:04
Unfortunately, these good laws
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืžื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
05:07
are counter-balanced by a mass
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ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืžืกื”
05:09
of really bad law --
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ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืจืขื™ื--
05:12
law which is grounded in moral judgement
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืžื•ืกืจื™,
05:16
and in fear and in misinformation,
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ื‘ืคื—ื“ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื’ื•ื™,
05:19
laws which specifically punish people living with HIV
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก
05:23
or those at greatest risk.
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ืื• ืืช ืืœื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™.
05:25
These laws fly in the face of science,
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืข
05:28
and they are grounded in prejudice
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ื•ื”ื ืžืขื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืขื” ืงื“ื•ืžื”,
05:31
and in ignorance and in a rewriting of tradition
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ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช
05:35
and a selective reading of religion.
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ื•ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืจืจื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ.
05:38
But you know what? You don't have to take my word for it.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”? ืืœ ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™.
05:41
We're going to hear from two people
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืžืข ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
05:43
who are on the sharp end of the law.
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ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืœื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
05:45
The first is Nick Rhoades. He's an American.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืง ืจื•ื“ืก. ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
05:47
And he was convicted under the U.S. State of Iowa's law
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืฉืข ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืื™ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
05:51
on HIV transmission and exposure --
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ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื•ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก--
05:54
neither of which offense he actually committed.
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ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืข.
05:58
(Video) Nick Rhoades: If something is against the law
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(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ืจื•ื“ืก: ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ื’ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง,
06:01
then that is telling society
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ืื•ืชื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื”
06:02
that is unacceptable, that's bad behavior.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ืฉื–ื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืจืขื”.
06:05
And I think the severity of that punishment
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ
06:07
tells you how bad you are as a person.
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ืื•ืžืจืช ืœืš ื›ืžื” ืืชื” ืจืข ื›ืื“ื.
06:11
You're a class B felon,
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ืืชื” ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ื‘',
06:13
lifetime sex offender.
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ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
06:16
You are a very, very, very bad person.
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ืืชื” ืื“ื ืžืื“, ืžืื“, ืžืื“ ืจืข.
06:20
And you did a very, very, very bad thing.
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ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ืžืขืฉื” ืžืื“, ืžืื“, ืžืื“ ืจืข.
06:24
And so that's just programmed into you.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ืืฆืœืš ืืช ื–ื”.
06:26
And you go through the correctional system
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ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ืื”
06:29
and everyone's telling you the same thing.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืš ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ.
06:31
And you're just like, I'm a very bad person.
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ื•ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืื ื™ ืื“ื ืจืข ืžืื“.
06:36
Shereen El-Feki: It's not just a question
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ืฉืจื™ืŸ ืืœ-ืคืงื™: ื–ื• ืœื ืจืง ืฉืืœื”
06:38
of unfair or ineffective laws.
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ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื ื™ื ืื• ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื.
06:41
Some countries have good laws,
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ื™ืฉ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืขื ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
06:43
laws which could stem the tide of HIV.
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื’ืื•ืช ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
06:46
The problem is that these laws are flouted.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื–ืœื–ื•ืœ.
06:49
Because stigma gives unofficial license
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ื›ื™ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื” ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืจืฉืžื™
06:52
to treat people living with HIV
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ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก
06:54
or those at greatest risk
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ืื• ืœืืœื• ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™
06:56
unlike other citizens.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืืฉืจ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
06:58
And this is exactly what happened
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”
07:00
to Helma and Dongo from Namibia.
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ืœื”ื™ืœืžื” ื•ื“ื•ื ื’ื• ืžื ืžื™ื‘ื™ื”.
07:03
(Video) Hilma: I found out
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(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ื”ื™ืœืžื”: ื–ื” ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื™
07:05
when I went to the hospital for a pregnancy check-up.
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ื›ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ,
07:08
The nurse announced that every pregnant woman
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ื”ืื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืœื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืจื”
07:11
must also be tested for HIV that day.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
07:13
I took the test and the result showed I was positive.
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ื ื‘ื“ืงืชื™, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจืื• ืžืžืฆื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™.
07:16
That's the day I found out.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื–ื” ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื™.
07:19
The nurse said to me, "Why should you people bcome pregnant
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ื”ืื—ื•ืช ืืžืจื” ืœื™, "ืœืžื” ืืชืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ?
07:22
when you know you are HIV positive?
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ื›ืฉืืชืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืืชืŸ ื ืฉืื™ื•ืช ืื™ื™ื“ืก?
07:23
Why are you pregnant when you are living positive?"
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ืœืžื” ืืชื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉืืชืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ?"
07:26
I am sure now that is the reason they sterilized me.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืขื™ืงืจื• ืื•ืชื™.
07:29
Because I am HIV positive.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื ืฉืื™ืช ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
07:34
They didn't give the forms to me
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ืœื ื ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื
07:37
or explain what was in the form.
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ื•ืœื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื™ ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก.
07:40
The nurse just came with it
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ื›ืฉื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•
07:43
already marked where I had to sign.
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืขืœื™ ืœื—ืชื•ื.
07:45
And with the labor pain,
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ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ืฆื™ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”
07:47
I didn't have the strength to ask them to read it to me.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืŸ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื ืœื™ ืื•ืชื•.
07:54
I just signed.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ืชืžืชื™.
07:56
SE: Hilma and Nick and our man in the kingdom
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ืก"ื: ื”ื™ืœืžื” ื•ื ื™ืง ื•ื™ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžืžืœื›ื”
08:00
are among the 34 million people living with HIV
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 34 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก
08:04
according to recent estimates.
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ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
08:06
They're the lucky ones
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืจื™-ื”ืžื–ืœ,
08:08
because they're still alive.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื.
08:10
According to those same estimates,
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ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช,
08:11
in 2010 1.8 million people died
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ื‘-2010, 1.8 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืžืชื•
08:15
of AIDS related causes.
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ืžื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก.
08:18
These are terrible and tragic figures.
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ืืœื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืจื’ื™ื™ื.
08:21
But if we look a little more broadly into the statistics,
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ืืš ืื ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:26
we actually see some reason for hope.
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ืื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืœืชืงื•ื•ื”.
08:29
Looking globally, the number of new infections of HIV is declining.
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ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื™ื“ืก ื™ื•ืจื“.
08:34
And looking globally as well,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
08:37
deaths are also starting to fall.
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ื’ื ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืจื“ืช.
08:40
There are many reasons for these positive developments,
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”,
08:42
but one of the most remarkable
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ
08:44
is in the increase in the number of people around the world
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
08:48
on anti-retroviral therapy,
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ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจื˜ืจื•-ื•ื™ืจืืœื™:
08:50
the medicines they need to keep their HIV in check.
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ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืœื•ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก ืฉืœื”ื.
08:54
Now there are still many problems.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
08:56
Only about half of the people who need treatment
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ืจืง ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
08:59
are currently receiving it.
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ื•ื.
09:01
In some parts of the world --
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื--
09:03
like here in the Middle East and North Africa --
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื”--
09:06
new infections are rising and so are deaths.
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ืžืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืชืžื•ืชื”.
09:09
And the money, the money we need
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ื•ื”ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื•
09:12
for the global response to HIV,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก,
09:14
that is shrinking.
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ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืคื•ื—ืช.
09:17
But for the first time
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”
09:19
in three decades into this epidemic
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ืžื–ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ืคื” ื”ื–ื•
09:23
we have a real chance to come to grips with HIV.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
09:27
But in order to do that
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ืืš ืœืฉื ื›ืš
09:29
we need to tackle an epidemic of really bad law.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื’ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื.
09:33
It's for this reason
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื•
09:34
that the Global Commission on HIV and the Law,
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ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก ื•ื”ื—ื•ืง,
09:36
of which I'm a member,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื”,
09:38
was established by the agencies of the United Nations --
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ื”ื•ืงืžื” ืข"ื™ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•"ื--
09:41
to look at the ways that legal environments
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช
09:43
are affecting people living with HIV
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ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก
09:45
and those at greatest risk,
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ื•ืืœื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™,
09:48
and to recommend what should be done
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ื•ืœื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
09:49
to make the law an ally, not an enemy,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื‘ืขืœ-ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืœื ืœืื•ื™ื‘,
09:53
of the global response to HIV.
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ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืขื ื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก.
09:55
Let me give you just one example
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช
09:58
of the way a legal environment
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ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช
10:00
can make a positive difference.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™.
10:03
People who inject drugs
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื–ืจื™ืงื™ื ืกืžื™ื
10:06
are one of those groups I mentioned.
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ื”ื ืื—ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™.
10:07
They're at high risk of HIV
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ื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก
10:10
through contaminated injection equipment
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ื–ืจืงื” ืžื–ื•ื”ื
10:11
and other risk-related behaviors.
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ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช-ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
10:14
In fact, one in every 10 new infections of HIV
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืขืฉืจื” ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืก ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
10:18
is among people who inject drugs.
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ื”ื•ื ืืฆืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ืจื™ืงื™ื ืกืžื™ื.
10:21
Now drug use or possession
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ืืžื ื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ืื• ืื—ื–ืงืชื
10:23
is illegal in almost every country.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื-ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
10:25
But some countries take a harder line on this than others.
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืงื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืงื• ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจื•ืช.
10:30
In Thailand people who use drugs,
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ื‘ืชืื™ืœื ื“, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกืžื™ื,
10:32
or are merely suspected of using drugs,
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ืื• ืจืง ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื,
10:35
are placed in detention centers,
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ืžื•ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ืกื•ื”ืจ,
10:37
like the one you see here,
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
10:39
where they are supposed to clean up.
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ื•ืฉื ื”ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื ืงื•ืช ืžื”ืกื.
10:41
There is absolutely no evidence
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื•ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”
10:44
to show that throwing people into detention
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ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉืœื›ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืืกืจ
10:47
cures their drug dependence.
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ืžืจืคืืช ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืกืžื™ื.
10:49
There is, however, ample evidence
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืฉืคืข ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช
10:51
to show that incarcerating people
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ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืขืฆืจ
10:53
increases their risk of HIV and other infections.
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ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืื™ื™ื“ืก ื•ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
10:58
We know how to reduce HIV transmission and other risks
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื™ื“ืก ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
11:04
in people who inject drugs.
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ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื–ืจื™ืงื™ื ืกืžื™ื.
11:06
It's called harm reduction,
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื "ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื ื–ืงื™ื",
11:08
and it involves, among other things,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ
11:10
providing clean needles and syringes,
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ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืจืงื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื,
11:13
offering opioid substitution therapy
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ื”ืฆืขืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืคื™ืื˜ื™ื™ื
11:16
and other evidence-based treatments
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ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™-ืจืื™ื•ืช
11:18
to reduce drug dependence.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืกืžื™ื.
11:20
It involves providing information
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ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืกืคืงืช ืžื™ื“ืข,
11:23
and education and condoms
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ืžืชืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืงื•ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื
11:25
to reduce HIV transmission,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื™ื“ืก,
11:28
and also providing HIV testing
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื™ื™ื“ืก,
11:30
and counseling and treatment
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ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
11:32
should people become infected.
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช.
11:34
Where the legal environment allows for harm reduction
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ื›ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื ื–ืงื™ื,
11:38
the results are striking.
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.
11:40
Australia and Switzerland
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ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ
11:42
were two countries which introduced harm reduction
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ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ืœื• ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื ื–ืงื™ื
11:44
very early on in their HIV epidemics,
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื’ืคื•ืช ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก ืืฆืœืŸ,
11:47
and they have a very low rate of HIV
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืืฆืœืŸ ืจืžืช ืื™ื™ื“ืก ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:50
among injecting drug users.
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื–ืจื™ืงื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื.
11:52
The U.S. and Malaysia
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ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืžืœื–ื™ื”
11:55
came to harm reduction a little later,
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ืื™ื—ืจื• ืงืฆืช ืขื ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื,
11:57
and they have higher rates of HIV in these populations.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
12:01
Thailand and Russia, however,
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืื™ืœื ื“ ื•ืจื•ืกื™ื”,
12:03
have resisted harm reduction
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ืžืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื
12:05
and have stringent laws
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื
12:06
which punish drug use.
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ืฉืžืขื ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื.
12:08
And hey, surprise,
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ื•ื”ืคืœื ื•ืคืœื,
12:09
very high rates of HIV among people who are injecting drugs.
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ื’ื ืจืžื•ืช ืื™ื™ื“ืก ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื–ืจื™ืงื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื.
12:15
At the Global Commission we have studied the evidence,
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ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช,
12:18
and we've heard the experiences
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ื•ืฉืžืขื ื• ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื
12:19
of over 700 people from 140 countries.
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ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-700 ืื ืฉื™ื ืž-140 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
12:24
And the trend? Well the trend is clear.
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ื•ืžื” ื”ืžื’ืžื”? ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
12:26
Where you criminalize people living with HIV
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ื›ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื›ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก
12:29
or those at greatest risk,
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ืื• ืืœื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™,
12:31
you fuel the epidemic.
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ืžืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ืคื”.
12:33
Now coming up with a vaccine for HIV
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ
12:38
or a cure for AIDS --
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ืื• ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก
12:39
now that's rocket science.
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ื–ื” ืžื“ืข ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื,
12:41
But changing the law isn't.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืื™ื ื ื• ื›ื–ื”.
12:43
And in fact, a number of countries are starting to make progress
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช
12:46
on a number of points.
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ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื.
12:48
To begin, countries need to review their legislation
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ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ
12:52
as it touches HIV and vulnerable groups.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช.
12:55
On the back of those reviews,
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ื›ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ื•,
12:57
governments should repeal laws
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื
12:59
that punish or discriminate against people living with HIV
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ืฉืžืขื ื™ืฉื™ื ืื• ืžืคืœื™ืœื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก
13:02
or those at greatest risk.
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ืื• ืืช ืืœื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™.
13:05
Repealing a law isn't easy,
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ืœื ืงืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื—ื•ืง,
13:07
and it's particularly difficult
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
13:09
when it relates to touchy subjects like drugs and sex.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืžื™ื ื•ืžื™ืŸ.
13:13
But there's plenty you can do while that process is underway.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
13:17
One of the key points is to reform the police
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ืื—ืช ืžื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื”
13:21
so that they have better practices on the ground.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื” ื“ืจื›ื™-ืคืขื•ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
13:24
So for example, outreach workers
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ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
13:26
who are distributing condoms to vulnerable populations
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ืฉื™ื—ืœืงื• ืงื•ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช
13:29
are not themselves subject to police harassment
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ื•ืฉื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”
13:32
or abuse or arbitrary arrest.
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ืื• ืœื”ืฉืคืœื” ื•ืœืžืขืฆืจ ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™.
13:35
We can also train judges
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื
13:36
so that they find flexibilities in the law
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžืฆืื• ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง
13:39
and so that they rule on the side of tolerance
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ื•ื™ืคืกืงื• ืœืฆื“ ื”ื—ืžืœื”
13:42
rather than prejudice.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื“ืขื” ืงื“ื•ืžื”.
13:44
We can retool prisons
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืœืฆื™ื™ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœื
13:46
so that HIV prevention and harm reduction
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื
13:49
is available to prisoners.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืืกื™ืจื™ื.
13:51
The key to all this is reinforcing civil society.
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ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช.
13:56
Because civil society is key
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ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื—
13:58
to raising awareness among vulnerable groups
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ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช
14:01
of their legal rights.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช.
14:02
But awareness needs action.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืชื•ื‘ืขืช ืคืขื•ืœื”.
14:04
And so we need to ensure
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ื›ืš ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื
14:05
that these people who are living with HIV
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ืฉืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก
14:08
or at greatest risk of HIV
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ืื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก
14:09
have access to legal services
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ื™ื–ื›ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื
14:12
and they have equal access to the courts.
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ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
14:15
And also important is talking to communities
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช
14:18
so that we change interpretations
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช
14:20
of religious or customary law,
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ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื“ืชื™ ืื• ื”ื ื”ื•ื’,
14:22
which is too often used
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ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืžื ื•ืฆืœื™ื
14:24
to justify punishment and fuel stigma.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืขื•ื ืฉ ื•ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื”.
14:28
For many of us here
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื›ืืŸ
14:29
HIV is not an abstract threat.
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ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก ืื™ื ื ื• ืื™ื•ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜.
14:32
It hits very close to home.
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ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืข ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืืœื™ื ื•.
14:35
The law, on the other hand,
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ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืžืื™ื“ืš,
14:37
can seem remote, arcane, the stuff of specialists,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžืจื•ื—ืง, ืžืกืชื•ืจื™, ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ื,
14:42
but it isn't.
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื›ื–ื”.
14:44
Because for those of us who live in democracies,
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ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืœื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”,
14:47
or in aspiring democracies,
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ืื• ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช,
14:49
the law begins with us.
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ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืื™ืชื ื•.
14:52
Laws that treat people living with HIV
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก
14:55
or those at greatest risk with respect
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ื•ืœืืœื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“
14:58
start with the way that we treat them ourselves: as equals.
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ืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื: ื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื.
15:03
If we are going to stop the spread of HIV in our lifetime,
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ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืชืคื•ืฆืช ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก,
15:07
then that is the change we need to spread.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ.
15:11
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:12
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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