How fear drives American politics | David Rothkopf | TED Talks

167,952 views ใƒป 2015-10-02

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
What I'd like to do is talk to you a little bit about fear
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืคื—ื“
00:16
and the cost of fear
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ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืคื—ื“
00:18
and the age of fear from which we are now emerging.
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ื•ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืžืžื ื• ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื›ืขืช.
00:22
I would like you to feel comfortable with my doing that
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื ื•ื— ืขื ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช
00:26
by letting you know that I know something about fear and anxiety.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ืขืœ ืคื—ื“ ื•ื—ืจื“ื”
00:31
I'm a Jewish guy from New Jersey.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ื• ื’'ืจืกื™
00:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:35
I could worry before I could walk.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช
00:37
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:39
Please, applaud that.
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื”ืจื™ืขื• ืœื–ื”
00:41
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
00:44
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
00:46
But I also grew up in a time where there was something to fear.
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ืืš ืื ื™ ื’ื ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื” ืœืคื—ื“.
00:52
We were brought out in the hall when I was a little kid
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ
00:56
and taught how to put our coats over our heads
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ื•ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฉื™ื ืžืขื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืจืืฉื ื•
00:59
to protect us from global thermonuclear war.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช.
01:03
Now even my seven-year-old brain knew that wasn't going to work.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ื—ื™ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืข, ื™ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“.
01:09
But I also knew
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ืืš ื’ื ื™ื“ืขืชื™
01:10
that global thermonuclear war was something to be concerned with.
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ื›ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืžืžื ื•.
01:15
And yet, despite the fact that we lived for 50 years
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš 50 ืฉื ื”
01:19
with the threat of such a war,
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ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ืื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ื–ืืช,
01:21
the response of our government and of our society
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ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื ื• ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•
01:25
was to do wonderful things.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื.
01:28
We created the space program in response to that.
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš.
01:31
We built our highway system in response to that.
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืจืฉืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš.
01:34
We created the Internet in response to that.
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš.
01:37
So sometimes fear can produce a constructive response.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืคื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื•ื ื”.
01:42
But sometimes it can produce an un-constructive response.
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ืืš ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื‘ื•ื ื”.
01:47
On September 11, 2001,
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ื‘-11 ืœืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2001,
01:49
19 guys took over four airplanes
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19 ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื• ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื
01:54
and flew them into a couple of buildings.
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ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืกื• ืื•ืชื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
01:57
They exacted a horrible toll.
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ื”ื ื’ื‘ื• ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ื•ืจื.
02:00
It is not for us to minimize what that toll was.
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ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ื”.
02:04
But the response that we had was clearly disproportionate --
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ืืš ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืกืจืช ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ --
02:11
disproportionate to the point of verging on the unhinged.
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ื—ืกืจืช ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ.
02:16
We rearranged the national security apparatus of the United States
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ืืจื’ื ื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘
02:20
and of many governments
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ื•ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
02:22
to address a threat that, at the time that those attacks took place,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื™ื•ื, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•
02:27
was quite limited.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ื™.
02:28
In fact, according to our intelligence services,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
02:32
on September 11, 2001,
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ื‘-11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2001
02:35
there were 100 members of core Al-Qaeda.
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืœ ืงืื™ื“ื” 100 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:39
There were just a few thousand terrorists.
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ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื.
02:42
They posed an existential threat
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื• ืื™ื•ื ืงื™ื•ืžื™
02:45
to no one.
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ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“.
02:47
But we rearranged our entire national security apparatus
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ืื‘ืœ, ืืจื’ื ื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™
02:52
in the most sweeping way since the end of the Second World War.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื•ื—ืฃ ืžืื– ืกื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
02:56
We launched two wars.
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ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืฉืชื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช.
02:58
We spent trillions of dollars.
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ื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื.
03:00
We suspended our values.
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ื”ืฉื”ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
03:02
We violated international law.
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ื”ืคืจื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.
03:04
We embraced torture.
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ืื™ืžืฆื ื• ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื.
03:06
We embraced the idea
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ืื™ืžืฆื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
03:07
that if these 19 guys could do this, anybody could do it.
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ืฉืื 19 ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ื–ืืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ.
03:11
And therefore, for the first time in history,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
03:14
we were seeing everybody as a threat.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื™ื•ื.
03:17
And what was the result of that?
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”?
03:19
Surveillance programs that listened in on the emails and phone calls
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ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืœืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ
03:23
of entire countries --
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ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช --
03:25
hundreds of millions of people --
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ืžืื•ืช ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื --
03:27
setting aside whether those countries were our allies,
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ื‘ื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
03:30
setting aside what our interests were.
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ื‘ื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขืฆืžื ื•.
03:34
I would argue that 15 years later,
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ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ 15 ืฉื ื”,
03:38
since today there are more terrorists,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื,
03:40
more terrorist attacks, more terrorist casualties --
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืคื’ืขื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ --
03:44
this by the count of the U.S. State Department --
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ื•ื–ืืช ืœืคื™ ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ --
03:47
since today the region from which those attacks emanate
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืžื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืืœื•
03:50
is more unstable than at any time in its history,
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ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื•,
03:54
since the Flood, perhaps,
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ืžืื– ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืื•ืœื™,
03:57
we have not succeeded in our response.
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ืื ื• ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
04:02
Now you have to ask, where did we go wrong?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืื™ืคื” ื˜ืขื™ื ื•?
04:04
What did we do? What was the mistake that was made?
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ืžื” ืขืฉื™ื ื•? ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉืชื”?
04:06
And you might say, well look, Washington is a dysfunctional place.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืชืจืื•, ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืชืคืงื“ืช.
04:10
There are political food fights.
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
04:12
We've turned our discourse into a cage match.
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ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื— ืœืงืจื‘ ืื’ืจื•ืฃ.
04:16
And that's true.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
04:18
But there are bigger problems, believe it or not, than that dysfunction,
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ืืš ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”,
04:21
even though I would argue
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ
04:23
that dysfunction that makes it impossible to get anything done
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ืฉื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืžื•ื ืข ื›ืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ื”
04:28
in the richest and most powerful country in the world
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
04:31
is far more dangerous than anything that a group like ISIS could do,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื“ืขื"ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
04:37
because it stops us in our tracks and it keeps us from progress.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืœื ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืžื•ื ืข ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช.
04:42
But there are other problems.
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
04:44
And the other problems
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช
04:45
came from the fact that in Washington and in many capitals right now,
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ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืจื™ ื‘ื™ืจื”,
04:48
we're in a creativity crisis.
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ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
04:51
In Washington, in think tanks,
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ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”,
04:53
where people are supposed to be thinking of new ideas,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
04:56
you don't get bold new ideas,
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ืืชื” ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื,
04:59
because if you offer up a bold new idea,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ืืชื” ืžืฆื™ืข ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื ื•ืขื–,
05:01
not only are you attacked on Twitter,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ืชืงืฃ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ,
05:03
but you will not get confirmed in a government job.
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ืืœื ืฉืœื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืš ืžืฉืจื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช.
05:07
Because we are reactive to the heightened venom of the political debate,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ืืจืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™,
05:12
you get governments that have an us-versus-them mentality,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืื ื•-ืœืขื•ืžืชื",
05:15
tiny groups of people making decisions.
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
05:17
When you sit in a room with a small group of people making decisions,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช,
05:21
what do you get?
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ืžื” ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื?
05:22
You get groupthink.
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ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช.
05:24
Everybody has the same worldview,
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื,
05:25
and any view from outside of the group is seen as a threat.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื ืชืคืกืช ื›ืื™ื•ื.
05:29
That's a danger.
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ื–ืืช ืกื›ื ื”.
05:31
You also have processes that become reactive to news cycles.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
05:35
And so the parts of the U.S. government that do foresight, that look forward,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
05:39
that do strategy --
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ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” --
05:41
the parts in other governments that do this -- can't do it,
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื–ื” - ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
05:43
because they're reacting to the news cycle.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
05:46
And so we're not looking ahead.
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ื•ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
05:48
On 9/11, we had a crisis because we were looking the wrong way.
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ื‘-9.11 ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
05:52
Today we have a crisis because, because of 9/11,
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”-9.11,
05:55
we are still looking in the wrong direction,
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ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
05:58
and we know because we see transformational trends on the horizon
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืง
06:04
that are far more important than what we saw on 9/11;
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ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘-11.9;
06:09
far more important than the threat posed by these terrorists;
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืืœื”;
06:13
far more important even than the instability that we've got
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ
06:16
in some areas of the world that are racked by instability today.
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื.
06:21
In fact, the things that we are seeing in those parts of the world
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
06:25
may be symptoms.
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื.
06:28
They may be a reaction to bigger trends.
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื’ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช.
06:32
And if we are treating the symptom and ignoring the bigger trend,
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ื•ืื ืื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืžื’ืžื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:37
then we've got far bigger problems to deal with.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชืŸ.
06:41
And so what are those trends?
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•?
06:43
Well, to a group like you,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื›ื,
06:45
the trends are apparent.
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ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช.
06:48
We are living at a moment in which the very fabric of human society
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžืืจื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
06:53
is being rewoven.
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ื ืืจื’ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
06:57
If you saw the cover of The Economist a couple of days ago --
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ืื ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ืฉืขืจ ื”ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืกื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื -
07:00
it said that 80 percent of the people on the planet,
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ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• ืฉ-80 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
07:03
by the year 2020, would have a smartphone.
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ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2020 ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ.
07:07
They would have a small computer connected to the Internet in their pocket.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ืกื.
07:11
In most of Africa, the cell phone penetration rate is 80 percent.
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื—ืœืงื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื 80 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
07:17
We passed the point last October
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ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื”
07:20
when there were more mobile cellular devices, SIM cards,
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ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืกื™ื
07:24
out in the world than there were people.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื.
07:27
We are within years of a profound moment in our history,
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ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืจื’ืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
07:33
when effectively every single human being on the planet
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ืฉื‘ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
07:38
is going to be part of a man-made system for the first time,
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื,
07:43
able to touch anyone else --
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ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ -
07:45
touch them for good, touch them for ill.
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ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ื ืœืจืขื”.
07:47
And the changes associated with that are changing the very nature
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืš ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื˜ื‘ืขื•
07:53
of every aspect of governance and life on the planet
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
07:57
in ways that our leaders ought to be thinking about,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื,
08:00
when they're thinking about these immediate threats.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืืœื”.
08:03
On the security side,
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ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™,
08:05
we've come out of a Cold War in which it was too costly to fight a nuclear war,
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ื™ืฆืื ื• ืž"ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื”", ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ืงืจ ืžื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช,
08:11
and so we didn't,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ืœื—ืžื ื•,
08:12
to a period that I call Cool War, cyber war,
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ืืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื” "ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืฆื•ื ื ืช", ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ,
08:16
where the costs of conflict are actually so low, that we may never stop.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื,ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขื•ืœื.
08:22
We may enter a period of constant warfare,
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ืื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช,
08:24
and we know this because we've been in it for several years.
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื™ ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื.
08:29
And yet, we don't have the basic doctrines to guide us in this regard.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื—ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื”.
08:35
We don't have the basic ideas formulated.
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ื˜ืจื ื ื™ืกื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื.
08:37
If someone attacks us with a cyber attack,
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืชืงื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืชืงืคืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ,
08:39
do have the ability to respond with a kinetic attack?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืคื” ืงื™ื ื˜ื™ืช?
08:43
We don't know.
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ืื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
08:45
If somebody launches a cyber attack, how do we deter them?
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืฉื’ืจ ืžืชืงืคืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื•?
08:49
When China launched a series of cyber attacks,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืกื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื’ืจื” ืกื“ืจืช ืžืชืงืคื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ,
08:51
what did the U.S. government do?
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ืžื” ืขืฉืชื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘?
08:53
It said, we're going to indict a few of these Chinese guys,
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ื”ื™ ืืžืจื”: ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
08:57
who are never coming to America.
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ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”.
08:59
They're never going to be anywhere near a law enforcement officer
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ื”ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื˜ืจ
09:03
who's going to take them into custody.
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ืฉื™ืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื.
09:06
It's a gesture -- it's not a deterrent.
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ื–ื• ืžื—ื•ื•ื” - ื–ื• ืœื ืืžื™ืจื” ืžืจืชื™ืขื”.
09:09
Special forces operators out there in the field today
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ืื ืฉื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—
09:13
discover that small groups of insurgents with cell phones
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ืžื’ืœื™ื ื›ืขืช ืฉืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ืขื ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
09:18
have access to satellite imagery that once only superpowers had.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจืง ืœืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ืขืœ.
09:23
In fact, if you've got a cell phone,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชืš ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™,
09:25
you've got access to power that a superpower didn't have,
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื”,
09:29
and would have highly classified 10 years ago.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื.
09:31
In my cell phone, I have an app that tells me
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ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืœื™
09:34
where every plane in the world is, and its altitude, and its speed,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื›ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžื” ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืชื•,
09:38
and what kind of aircraft it is,
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ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื–ื”,
09:40
and where it's going and where it's landing.
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ื•ืœืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืก ื•ืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื—ืช.
09:44
They have apps that allow them to know
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื ืœื“ืขืช
09:49
what their adversary is about to do.
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ืžื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
09:51
They're using these tools in new ways.
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
09:53
When a cafe in Sydney was taken over by a terrorist,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื” ื‘ืกื™ื“ื ื™,
09:57
he went in with a rifle...
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ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืขื ืจื•ื‘ื”...
10:00
and an iPad.
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ื•ืื™ื™ืคื“.
10:01
And the weapon was the iPad.
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ื•ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ื™ืคื“.
10:04
Because he captured people, he terrorized them,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื›ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื,
10:08
he pointed the iPad at them,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื™ืคื“,
10:11
and then he took the video and he put it on the Internet,
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ื•ืื– ืฆื™ืœื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื•ื”ืขืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
10:13
and he took over the world's media.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
10:17
But it doesn't just affect the security side.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™.
10:22
The relations between great powers --
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ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช -
10:23
we thought we were past the bipolar era.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื“ื•-ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืช.
10:27
We thought we were in a unipolar world,
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“-ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™,
10:29
where all the big issues were resolved.
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ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืคืชื•ืจื•ืช.
10:31
Remember? It was the end of history.
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื? ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฅ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
10:34
But we're not.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื.
10:35
We're now seeing that our basic assumptions about the Internet --
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ --
10:39
that it was going to connect us, weave society together --
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืืจื•ื’ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• --
10:43
are not necessarily true.
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ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
10:46
In countries like China, you have the Great Firewall of China.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื” "ื—ื•ืžืช ื”ืืฉ ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”"
10:49
You've got countries saying no, if the Internet happens within our borders
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžืจื•ืช "ืœื, ืื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื ื•
10:52
we control it within our borders.
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ืื ื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื ื•.
10:54
We control the content. We are going to control our security.
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"ืื ื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ. ืื ื• ื ืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื•".
10:57
We are going to manage that Internet.
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"ืื ื• ื ื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื–ื”".
10:59
We are going to say what can be on it.
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"ืื ื• ื ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•".
11:00
We're going to set a different set of rules.
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"ืื ื• ื ืงื‘ืข ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”".
11:03
Now you might think, well, that's just China.
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ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืจืง ืกื™ืŸ.
11:05
But it's not just China.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืกื™ืŸ.
11:07
It's China, India, Russia.
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ื–ื” ืกื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืจื•ืกื™ื”.
11:10
It's Saudi Arabia, it's Singapore, it's Brazil.
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ื–ื” ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช, ื–ื” ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ, ื–ื” ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ.
11:13
After the NSA scandal, the Russians, the Chinese, the Indians, the Brazilians,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื, ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ื,
11:18
they said, let's create a new Internet backbone,
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•: ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
11:21
because we can't be dependent on this other one.
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ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืืช ื”ืื—ืจืช.
11:23
And so all of a sudden, what do you have?
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ื•ืœืคืชืข, ืžื” ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื?
11:26
You have a new bipolar world
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ืขื•ืœื ื“ื•-ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ
11:28
in which cyber-internationalism,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ืช,
11:31
our belief,
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ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
11:32
is challenged by cyber-nationalism,
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ืžืื•ืชื’ืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ืช,
11:35
another belief.
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ืืžื•ื ื” ืื—ืจืช.
11:37
We are seeing these changes everywhere we look.
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื ืคื ื”.
11:41
We are seeing the advent of mobile money.
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ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื ื™ื™ื“.
11:43
It's happening in the places you wouldn't expect.
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื.
11:45
It's happening in Kenya and Tanzania,
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ื•ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”,
11:48
where millions of people who haven't had access to financial services
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ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื
11:51
now conduct all those services on their phones.
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ืžืชื ื”ืœื™ื ื›ืขืช ืžื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืืœื” ืžื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
11:54
There are 2.5 million people who don't have financial service access
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ื™ืฉื ื 2.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื
11:59
that are going to get it soon.
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ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ื’ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
12:01
A billion of them are going to have the ability to access it
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ื–ืืช
12:04
on their cell phone soon.
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ืžื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
12:05
It's not just going to give them the ability to bank.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื›ืกืฃ.
12:08
It's going to change what monetary policy is.
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืช.
12:11
It's going to change what money is.
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ.
12:15
Education is changing in the same way.
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ.
12:18
Healthcare is changing in the same way.
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ
12:20
How government services are delivered is changing in the same way.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ.
12:25
And yet, in Washington, we are debating
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื—ื™ื
12:29
whether to call the terrorist group that has taken over Syria and Iraq
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ืื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืขื™ืจืง --
12:35
ISIS or ISIL or Islamic State.
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ISIS ืื• ISIL ืื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืื™ืกืœืืžื™ืช.
12:40
We are trying to determine
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ืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข
12:43
how much we want to give in a negotiation with the Iranians
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ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื”ืื™ืจื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืกืงืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ
12:48
on a nuclear deal which deals with the technologies of 50 years ago,
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ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืคื ื™ 50 ืฉื ื”,
12:53
when in fact, we know that the Iranians right now are engaged in cyber war with us
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ื, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืขืช ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ื•
12:59
and we're ignoring it, partially because businesses are not willing
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžื›ืš, ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืขืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื
13:05
to talk about the attacks that are being waged on them.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื.
13:09
And that gets us to another breakdown
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•
13:12
that's crucial,
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ืœืงื™ืœืงื•ืœ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ,
13:13
and another breakdown that couldn't be more important to a group like this,
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ืœืงื™ืœืงื•ืœ ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื›ื–ื•,
13:17
because the growth of America and real American national security
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”
13:20
and all of the things that drove progress even during the Cold War,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืงื™ื“ืžื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื”,
13:25
was a public-private partnership between science, technology and government
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ืงืจื• ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช-ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืข, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืžืžืฉืœ
13:30
that began when Thomas Jefferson sat alone in his laboratory
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืžืืก ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื•
13:33
inventing new things.
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ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
13:36
But it was the canals and railroads and telegraph;
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ืืš ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ืžืกื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ื”ื˜ืœื’ืจืฃ;
13:40
it was radar and the Internet.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื“ืืจ ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
13:43
It was Tang, the breakfast drink --
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืื ื’, ืžืฉืงื” ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ --
13:45
probably not the most important of those developments.
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืืœื”.
13:48
But what you had was a partnership and a dialogue,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื•ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื—,
13:51
and the dialogue has broken down.
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ื•ื”ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื— ื”ืชืงืœืงืœ.
13:53
It's broken down because in Washington,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืœืงืœ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ,
13:56
less government is considered more.
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ .
13:58
It's broken down because there is, believe it or not,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืœืงืœ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช, ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื,
14:00
in Washington, a war on science --
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ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืžื“ืข --
14:02
despite the fact that in all of human history,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
14:05
every time anyone has waged a war on science,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืข,
14:08
science has won.
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ื”ืžื“ืข ื ื™ืฆื—.
14:11
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:16
But we have a government that doesn't want to listen,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘,
14:20
that doesn't have people at the highest levels
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื
14:23
that understand this.
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
14:24
In the nuclear age,
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ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™,
14:25
when there were people in senior national security jobs,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™,
14:28
they were expected to speak throw-weight.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžื”ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
14:32
They were expected to know the lingo, the vocabulary.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžื”ื ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืขื’ื”, ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื.
14:35
If you went to the highest level of the U.S. government now
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ืœื• ื ื™ื’ืฉืชื ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘
14:37
and said, "Talk to me about cyber, about neuroscience,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ื“ื‘ืจื• ืื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ืขืœ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื—,
14:40
about the things that are going to change the world of tomorrow,"
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ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื—ืจ",
14:43
you'd get a blank stare.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ ืžื–ื•ื’ื’.
14:44
I know, because when I wrote this book,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”
14:46
I talked to 150 people, many from the science and tech side,
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื 150 ืื ืฉื™ื, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
14:49
who felt like they were being shunted off to the kids' table.
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ืฉื—ืฉื• ืฉื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
14:53
Meanwhile, on the tech side,
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
14:55
we have lots of wonderful people creating wonderful things,
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ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื,
14:59
but they started in garages and they didn't need the government
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื–ื“ืงืงื• ืœืžืžืฉืœื”
15:02
and they don't want the government.
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
15:04
Many of them have a political view that's somewhere between
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ
15:06
libertarian and anarchic:
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ืœื™ื‘ืจื˜ืจื™ืื ื™ืช ืœืื ืืจื›ื™ืช:
15:08
leave me alone.
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ืชืขื–ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื”.
15:11
But the world's coming apart.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืคืจืง.
15:13
All of a sudden, there are going to be massive regulatory changes
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ืคืชืื•ื, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื
15:17
and massive issues associated with conflict
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ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜
15:20
and massive issues associated with security and privacy.
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ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
15:24
And we haven't even gotten to the next set of issues,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืกื“ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื,
15:26
which are philosophical issues.
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ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื.
15:29
If you can't vote, if you can't have a job,
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ืื ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ืื ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
15:32
if you can't bank, if you can't get health care,
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ืื ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื‘ื ืง, ืื ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™,
15:34
if you can't be educated without Internet access,
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ืื ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืœื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
15:37
is Internet access a fundamental right that should be written into constitutions?
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ื”ืื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืื•ืชื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืงื”?
15:42
If Internet access is a fundamental right,
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ืื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช,
15:45
is electricity access for the 1.2 billion who don't have access to electricity
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ื”ืื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื—ืฉืžืœ ืœ- 1.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื—ืฉืžืœ
15:49
a fundamental right?
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ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช?
15:51
These are fundamental issues. Where are the philosophers?
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื?
15:54
Where's the dialogue?
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื—?
15:57
And that brings me to the reason that I'm here.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ.
16:00
I live in Washington. Pity me.
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ืื ื™ ื’ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ. ืจื—ืžื• ืขืœื™ื™.
16:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:04
The dialogue isn't happening there.
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ื”ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื— ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื.
16:07
These big issues that will change the world,
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
16:10
change national security, change economics,
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ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”,
16:13
create hope, create threats,
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ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ืชืงื•ื”, ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ืื™ื•ืžื™ื,
16:15
can only be resolved when you bring together
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคืชืจ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื
16:18
groups of people who understand science and technology
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
16:22
back together with government.
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ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
16:23
Both sides need each other.
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ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
16:26
And until we recreate that connection,
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ื•ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
16:31
until we do what helped America grow and helped other countries grow,
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ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉืขื–ืจ ืœืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื•ืขื–ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืฆืžื•ื—,
16:36
then we are going to grow ever more vulnerable.
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ืื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื.
16:40
The risks associated with 9/11 will not be measured
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœ-11/9 ืœื ื™ื™ืžื“ื“ื•
16:44
in terms of lives lost by terror attacks
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืงื•ืคื—ื• ื‘ืžืชืงืคืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ
16:47
or buildings destroyed or trillions of dollars spent.
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ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื”ืจืกื• ืื• ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–ื•.
16:52
They'll be measured in terms of the costs of our distraction from critical issues
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ื”ื ื™ื™ืžื“ื“ื• ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื—ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื
16:56
and our inability to get together
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ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื›ื ืก ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•
17:00
scientists, technologists, government leaders,
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื, ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื”,
17:04
at a moment of transformation akin to the beginning of the Renaissance,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ืžืฉืชื•ื•ื” ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจื ืกืื ืก.
17:10
akin to the beginning of the major transformational eras
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืขื™ื“ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
17:13
that have happened on Earth,
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ืฉืงืจื• ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
17:16
and start coming up with, if not the right answers,
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ื•ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืื™ื ืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
17:20
then at least the right questions.
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช
17:23
We are not there yet,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉื,
17:25
but discussions like this and groups like you
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื›ื
17:28
are the places where those questions can be formulated and posed.
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ื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืกื— ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
17:32
And that's why I believe that groups like TED,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ืžื• TED,
17:37
discussions like this around the planet,
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ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
17:39
are the place where the future of foreign policy, of economic policy,
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ื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฅ, ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
17:44
of social policy, of philosophy, will ultimately take place.
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ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื”, ื™ืขื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
17:50
And that's why it's been a pleasure speaking to you.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื”ื ื™ืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื.
17:52
Thank you very, very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ืœื›ื, ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“.
17:54
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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