How fear drives American politics | David Rothkopf | TED Talks

167,677 views ใƒป 2015-10-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ju Hye Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gichung Lee
00:12
What I'd like to do is talk to you a little bit about fear
0
12879
3764
์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์˜ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ
00:16
and the cost of fear
1
16667
1689
00:18
and the age of fear from which we are now emerging.
2
18380
3274
๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
I would like you to feel comfortable with my doing that
3
22072
3975
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ ์ข€ ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ
00:26
by letting you know that I know something about fear and anxiety.
4
26071
5293
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
00:31
I'm a Jewish guy from New Jersey.
5
31388
2187
์ €๋Š” ๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
(Laughter)
6
33599
1484
(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:35
I could worry before I could walk.
7
35107
2868
์ €๋Š” ๊ฑท๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
(Laughter)
8
37999
1506
(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:39
Please, applaud that.
9
39529
2442
๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ ์ข€ ์ณ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:41
(Applause)
10
41995
2388
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
00:44
Thank you.
11
44407
1319
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
But I also grew up in a time where there was something to fear.
12
46954
4685
์ €๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
We were brought out in the hall when I was a little kid
13
52915
3261
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๋ณต๋„๋กœ ์†Œ์ง‘๋˜์–ด
00:56
and taught how to put our coats over our heads
14
56200
3450
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:59
to protect us from global thermonuclear war.
15
59674
3753
๊ฒ‰์˜ท์„ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์œ„๋กœ ๋ฎ์–ด์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
Now even my seven-year-old brain knew that wasn't going to work.
16
63838
4228
7์‚ด์ธ ์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋จนํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
But I also knew
17
69179
1158
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š”
01:10
that global thermonuclear war was something to be concerned with.
18
70361
4724
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
And yet, despite the fact that we lived for 50 years
19
75109
4161
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์•ˆ๊ณ 
01:19
with the threat of such a war,
20
79294
2363
50๋…„์„ ์‚ด์•„์™”๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
01:21
the response of our government and of our society
21
81681
3981
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:25
was to do wonderful things.
22
85686
1880
ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
We created the space program in response to that.
23
88220
2998
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์› ๊ณ 
01:31
We built our highway system in response to that.
24
91242
3097
๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:34
We created the Internet in response to that.
25
94363
3547
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
So sometimes fear can produce a constructive response.
26
97934
4193
๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
But sometimes it can produce an un-constructive response.
27
102847
3322
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋น„๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
On September 11, 2001,
28
107066
2909
2011๋…„ 9์›” 11์ผ์—
01:49
19 guys took over four airplanes
29
109999
4511
19๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด 4๋Œ€์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฉ์น˜ํ•ด
01:54
and flew them into a couple of buildings.
30
114534
2288
๋‘ ์ฑ„์˜ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์— ์ถฉ๋Œ์‹œ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
They exacted a horrible toll.
31
117667
2460
์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์ฐธํ˜นํ•œ ํฌ์ƒ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
It is not for us to minimize what that toll was.
32
120151
4000
๊ทธ ํฌ์ƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
But the response that we had was clearly disproportionate --
33
124965
6983
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ๊ณผ์ž‰๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
disproportionate to the point of verging on the unhinged.
34
131972
4878
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง€๋‚˜์ณ์„œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ •๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
We rearranged the national security apparatus of the United States
35
136874
3902
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ๋•Œ์— ๊ฝค ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์—
02:20
and of many governments
36
140800
1840
๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:22
to address a threat that, at the time that those attacks took place,
37
142664
4718
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณด์•ˆ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์„œ๋ฅผ
02:27
was quite limited.
38
147406
1303
์žฌ์ •๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
In fact, according to our intelligence services,
39
148733
3431
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๊ตญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
02:32
on September 11, 2001,
40
152188
3368
2001๋…„ 9์›” 11์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ
02:35
there were 100 members of core Al-Qaeda.
41
155580
3229
์•Œ์นด์—๋‹ค์—๋Š” 100๋ช…์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์›์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:39
There were just a few thousand terrorists.
42
159414
2490
ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ ๋ช…๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
They posed an existential threat
43
162357
3114
์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋Š”
02:45
to no one.
44
165495
1169
์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
But we rearranged our entire national security apparatus
45
167561
4576
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:52
in the most sweeping way since the end of the Second World War.
46
172161
4081
๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณด์•ˆ๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ •๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
We launched two wars.
47
176577
1839
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:58
We spent trillions of dollars.
48
178440
2333
์ˆ˜ ์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
We suspended our values.
49
180797
2177
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ 
03:02
We violated international law.
50
182998
1851
๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:04
We embraced torture.
51
184873
1232
๊ณ ๋ฌธ๋„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
We embraced the idea
52
186129
1673
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 19๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด
03:07
that if these 19 guys could do this, anybody could do it.
53
187826
3071
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง“์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
And therefore, for the first time in history,
54
191385
2856
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
03:14
we were seeing everybody as a threat.
55
194265
2948
๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
And what was the result of that?
56
197237
1852
์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:19
Surveillance programs that listened in on the emails and phone calls
57
199113
4008
๊ฐ์‹œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€
03:23
of entire countries --
58
203145
2165
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ˆ˜ ์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
03:25
hundreds of millions of people --
59
205334
2406
์ด๋ฉ”์ผ๊ณผ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
setting aside whether those countries were our allies,
60
207764
3023
๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ์ด๋“ 
03:30
setting aside what our interests were.
61
210811
2448
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
I would argue that 15 years later,
62
214735
3278
15๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ
03:38
since today there are more terrorists,
63
218037
2393
์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์™€
03:40
more terrorist attacks, more terrorist casualties --
64
220454
3542
ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:44
this by the count of the U.S. State Department --
65
224020
3340
์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ ๊ตญ๋ฌด๋ถ€์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
since today the region from which those attacks emanate
66
227384
3069
๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ง€๊ฐ€
03:50
is more unstable than at any time in its history,
67
230477
3689
์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ์ผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ
03:54
since the Flood, perhaps,
68
234190
3680
์•„๋งˆ ๋…ธ์•„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
03:57
we have not succeeded in our response.
69
237894
3763
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Now you have to ask, where did we go wrong?
70
242206
2007
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ๋ฌป๊ณ ์‹ถ์–ด์ง€์ฃ . ์–ด๋””์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
04:04
What did we do? What was the mistake that was made?
71
244237
2450
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ง“์„ ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ? ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:06
And you might say, well look, Washington is a dysfunctional place.
72
246711
4129
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์€ ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์—์š”.
04:10
There are political food fights.
73
250864
1694
์ •์น˜ ์‹ธ์›€๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ฃ .
04:12
We've turned our discourse into a cage match.
74
252582
3563
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ ๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
And that's true.
75
256169
1282
์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
But there are bigger problems, believe it or not, than that dysfunction,
76
258039
3414
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์žฅ์• ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
even though I would argue
77
261477
1868
๋น„๋ก ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€
04:23
that dysfunction that makes it impossible to get anything done
78
263369
4651
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•ž๊ธธ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์ง„๋ณด๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:28
in the richest and most powerful country in the world
79
268044
3681
์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
04:31
is far more dangerous than anything that a group like ISIS could do,
80
271749
5649
์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ
04:37
because it stops us in our tracks and it keeps us from progress.
81
277422
3624
ISIS๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์ง๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
But there are other problems.
82
282183
1472
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
And the other problems
83
284127
1164
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€
04:45
came from the fact that in Washington and in many capitals right now,
84
285315
3556
์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜๋„์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋น ์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
04:48
we're in a creativity crisis.
85
288895
1791
์‚ฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
In Washington, in think tanks,
86
291108
2647
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
04:53
where people are supposed to be thinking of new ideas,
87
293779
3118
์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฑํฌํƒฑํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€
04:56
you don't get bold new ideas,
88
296921
2066
๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
because if you offer up a bold new idea,
89
299011
2867
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๋Š”
05:01
not only are you attacked on Twitter,
90
301902
1852
ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋ฐ›์„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:03
but you will not get confirmed in a government job.
91
303778
3351
์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋„ ์Šน์ธํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:07
Because we are reactive to the heightened venom of the political debate,
92
307153
5229
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์•™๋œ ๋…์„ค์— ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:12
you get governments that have an us-versus-them mentality,
93
312406
3110
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
tiny groups of people making decisions.
94
315540
2397
์ž‘์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค์ด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
When you sit in a room with a small group of people making decisions,
95
317961
3282
์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
05:21
what do you get?
96
321267
1159
๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”?
05:22
You get groupthink.
97
322450
1640
์ง‘๋‹จ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
Everybody has the same worldview,
98
324114
1589
๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:25
and any view from outside of the group is seen as a threat.
99
325727
3266
์ง‘๋‹จ ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์€ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
That's a danger.
100
329366
1230
์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€์ฃ .
05:31
You also have processes that become reactive to news cycles.
101
331258
4261
์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •๋„ ๋‰ด์Šค์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
And so the parts of the U.S. government that do foresight, that look forward,
102
335543
4293
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ˆ์ง€๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ „๋žต์„ ์งœ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”
05:39
that do strategy --
103
339860
1155
๋ฏธ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถ€์„œ๋“ค์€
05:41
the parts in other governments that do this -- can't do it,
104
341039
2763
๋‰ด์Šค์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š๋ผ
05:43
because they're reacting to the news cycle.
105
343826
2158
์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
And so we're not looking ahead.
106
346383
1904
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์•ž์ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
On 9/11, we had a crisis because we were looking the wrong way.
107
348311
3798
911ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:52
Today we have a crisis because, because of 9/11,
108
352527
3427
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—” 911ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„์ง๋„ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„
05:55
we are still looking in the wrong direction,
109
355978
2651
๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
and we know because we see transformational trends on the horizon
110
358653
5848
๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
that are far more important than what we saw on 9/11;
111
364525
4852
911ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๋•Œ ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:09
far more important than the threat posed by these terrorists;
112
369401
3802
ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:13
far more important even than the instability that we've got
113
373227
3250
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๋Š”
06:16
in some areas of the world that are racked by instability today.
114
376501
4251
์ง€์—ญ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
In fact, the things that we are seeing in those parts of the world
115
381161
4660
์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
06:25
may be symptoms.
116
385845
2614
์ฆ์ƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
They may be a reaction to bigger trends.
117
388883
3478
๋” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:32
And if we are treating the symptom and ignoring the bigger trend,
118
392385
4704
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฐ ์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฆ์ƒ๋งŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:37
then we've got far bigger problems to deal with.
119
397113
3064
ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
And so what are those trends?
120
401415
1497
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
06:43
Well, to a group like you,
121
403510
1777
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ๋Š”
06:45
the trends are apparent.
122
405311
1491
๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
We are living at a moment in which the very fabric of human society
123
408444
5255
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐœ์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋•Œ์—
06:53
is being rewoven.
124
413723
1789
์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
If you saw the cover of The Economist a couple of days ago --
125
417057
3220
์ดํ‹€ ์ „ ์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฏธ์ŠคํŠธ ์žก์ง€ ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
07:00
it said that 80 percent of the people on the planet,
126
420301
3546
2020๋…„์ฏค์—๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ 80%๊ฐ€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„
07:03
by the year 2020, would have a smartphone.
127
423871
2933
๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์จ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
They would have a small computer connected to the Internet in their pocket.
128
427564
3853
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ž‘์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:11
In most of Africa, the cell phone penetration rate is 80 percent.
129
431808
4525
์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰๋ฅ ์€ 80%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
We passed the point last October
130
437749
2664
์ง€๋‚œ 10์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š”
07:20
when there were more mobile cellular devices, SIM cards,
131
440437
3971
์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๋™ํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์™€ USIM์นฉ์ด
07:24
out in the world than there were people.
132
444432
2116
๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
We are within years of a profound moment in our history,
133
447166
5896
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋‚ด๋กœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋œป๊นŠ์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
when effectively every single human being on the planet
134
453086
5357
์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด
07:38
is going to be part of a man-made system for the first time,
135
458467
4608
์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ณต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
07:43
able to touch anyone else --
136
463099
2041
์•„๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋•Œ์ด์ฃ .
07:45
touch them for good, touch them for ill.
137
465164
2362
๋‚˜์œ ์˜๋„๋กœ๋“  ์ข‹์€ ์˜๋„๋กœ๋“  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
And the changes associated with that are changing the very nature
138
467999
5826
์ด์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์™€
07:53
of every aspect of governance and life on the planet
139
473849
3601
ํ†ต์น˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
in ways that our leaders ought to be thinking about,
140
477474
3446
๋ˆˆ ์•ž์— ๋‹ฅ์นœ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด
08:00
when they're thinking about these immediate threats.
141
480944
2480
์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
On the security side,
142
483824
1766
์•ˆ๋ณด์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
08:05
we've come out of a Cold War in which it was too costly to fight a nuclear war,
143
485614
5504
ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ปธ๊ธฐ์—
08:11
and so we didn't,
144
491142
1534
๋ƒ‰์ „(Cold War)์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ
08:12
to a period that I call Cool War, cyber war,
145
492700
3817
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋Š˜ํ•œ ์ „์Ÿ(Cool War)์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
where the costs of conflict are actually so low, that we may never stop.
146
496541
5051
๋ถ„์Ÿ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ์•„์„œ ์‹ธ์›€์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์ฃ .
08:22
We may enter a period of constant warfare,
147
502137
2726
๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด ๋Š์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
and we know this because we've been in it for several years.
148
504887
4411
๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒช์–ด์˜จ ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
And yet, we don't have the basic doctrines to guide us in this regard.
149
509322
5551
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•„์ง๋„ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์›์น™์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
We don't have the basic ideas formulated.
150
515255
2091
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
If someone attacks us with a cyber attack,
151
517370
2540
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:39
do have the ability to respond with a kinetic attack?
152
519934
3115
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:43
We don't know.
153
523787
1207
๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
08:45
If somebody launches a cyber attack, how do we deter them?
154
525573
4085
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐœ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:49
When China launched a series of cyber attacks,
155
529682
2187
์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๊ฐœ์‹œํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
08:51
what did the U.S. government do?
156
531893
1527
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ผ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:53
It said, we're going to indict a few of these Chinese guys,
157
533444
3985
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์„
08:57
who are never coming to America.
158
537453
1742
๊ธฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
They're never going to be anywhere near a law enforcement officer
159
539897
3949
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์†์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—๋„
09:03
who's going to take them into custody.
160
543870
2005
์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
It's a gesture -- it's not a deterrent.
161
546252
2890
ํšจ๋ ฅ ์—†์ด ๊ทธ์ € ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:09
Special forces operators out there in the field today
162
549678
3798
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‹ค์ „์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜๋ถ€๋Œ€์›๋“ค์€
09:13
discover that small groups of insurgents with cell phones
163
553500
4871
ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ €ํ•ญ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ๋งŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
09:18
have access to satellite imagery that once only superpowers had.
164
558395
5271
์œ„์„ฑ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
In fact, if you've got a cell phone,
165
563690
2167
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
09:25
you've got access to power that a superpower didn't have,
166
565881
3316
10๋…„ ์ „์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
09:29
and would have highly classified 10 years ago.
167
569221
2155
๊ธฐ๋ฐ€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ถŒํ•œ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
In my cell phone, I have an app that tells me
168
571400
2891
์ œ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์—๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€
09:34
where every plane in the world is, and its altitude, and its speed,
169
574315
4540
๊ณ ๋„, ์†๋„, ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ข…, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์™€
09:38
and what kind of aircraft it is,
170
578879
1822
๋„์ฐฉ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š”
09:40
and where it's going and where it's landing.
171
580725
2916
์–ดํ”Œ์ด ๊น”๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
They have apps that allow them to know
172
584429
4549
์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
09:49
what their adversary is about to do.
173
589002
2219
์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์•ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
They're using these tools in new ways.
174
591245
2376
์ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
When a cafe in Sydney was taken over by a terrorist,
175
593645
4114
์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํ•œ ์นดํŽ˜๊ฐ€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋‹นํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
09:57
he went in with a rifle...
176
597783
2293
๊ทธ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋ผ์ดํ”Œ ์†Œ์ด๊ณผ
10:00
and an iPad.
177
600100
1243
์•„์ดํŒจ๋“œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
And the weapon was the iPad.
178
601936
2561
๋น„๋กœ ์•„์ดํŒจ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜€์ฃ .
10:04
Because he captured people, he terrorized them,
179
604999
3299
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ธ์งˆ๋กœ ์žก๊ณ  ๊ณตํฌ์— ๋–จ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ๋Š”
10:08
he pointed the iPad at them,
180
608322
2705
๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์•„์ดํŒจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒจ๋ˆ„๊ณ ๋Š”
10:11
and then he took the video and he put it on the Internet,
181
611051
2672
๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์ฐ์–ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค์„œ
10:13
and he took over the world's media.
182
613747
2023
์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์–ธ๋ก  ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ํœฉ์“ธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:17
But it doesn't just affect the security side.
183
617861
3468
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ณด์•ˆ๋งŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
The relations between great powers --
184
622132
1829
๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ฃ .
10:23
we thought we were past the bipolar era.
185
623985
2365
์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์–‘๊ทน์ฒด์ œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
We thought we were in a unipolar world,
186
627259
1874
ํฐ ์Ÿ์ ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋‹จ๊ทน์ฒด์ œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—
10:29
where all the big issues were resolved.
187
629157
1894
์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
10:31
Remember? It was the end of history.
188
631075
1717
๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜์„ธ์š”? ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ง๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
But we're not.
189
634129
1296
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
We're now seeing that our basic assumptions about the Internet --
190
635449
4388
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋˜
10:39
that it was going to connect us, weave society together --
191
639861
4061
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์—ฎ์–ด์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์ด
10:43
are not necessarily true.
192
643946
1656
ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
In countries like China, you have the Great Firewall of China.
193
646083
3196
์ค‘๊ตญ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ฒ€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
You've got countries saying no, if the Internet happens within our borders
194
649303
3520
"์‹ซ์–ด. ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
10:52
we control it within our borders.
195
652847
1575
๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:54
We control the content. We are going to control our security.
196
654446
2860
๋‚ด์šฉ๋ฌผ๋„ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ๋„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
We are going to manage that Internet.
197
657330
1766
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ 
10:59
We are going to say what can be on it.
198
659120
1813
๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:00
We're going to set a different set of rules.
199
660957
2051
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ทœ์ •๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
11:03
Now you might think, well, that's just China.
200
663032
2097
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
But it's not just China.
201
665153
1714
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๊ตญ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
It's China, India, Russia.
202
667651
2729
์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ง๊ณ ๋„ ์ธ๋„, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„,
11:10
It's Saudi Arabia, it's Singapore, it's Brazil.
203
670708
3100
์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” ์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„, ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
After the NSA scandal, the Russians, the Chinese, the Indians, the Brazilians,
204
673832
4514
NSA ์Šค์บ”๋“ค ์ดํ›„์— ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ธ๋„, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์€
11:18
they said, let's create a new Internet backbone,
205
678370
3055
์ง€๊ธˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ
11:21
because we can't be dependent on this other one.
206
681449
2482
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ž๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:23
And so all of a sudden, what do you have?
207
683955
1969
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:26
You have a new bipolar world
208
686400
2499
์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ตญ์ œ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋…์ด
11:28
in which cyber-internationalism,
209
688923
2191
์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ตญ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜ ์•ž์— ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰ํžˆ๋Š”
11:31
our belief,
210
691138
1151
์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ตญ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜ ์•ž์— ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰ํžˆ๋Š”
11:32
is challenged by cyber-nationalism,
211
692313
2837
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–‘๊ทน์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€
11:35
another belief.
212
695174
1265
์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
We are seeing these changes everywhere we look.
213
697593
3171
์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
We are seeing the advent of mobile money.
214
701629
1978
๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
11:43
It's happening in the places you wouldn't expect.
215
703631
2297
๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜๋„ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
It's happening in Kenya and Tanzania,
216
705952
2377
์ผ€๋ƒ์™€ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
where millions of people who haven't had access to financial services
217
708353
3269
๊ธˆ์œต์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
11:51
now conduct all those services on their phones.
218
711646
2495
์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
There are 2.5 million people who don't have financial service access
219
714702
4500
ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ธˆ์œต์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๊ณง ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„
11:59
that are going to get it soon.
220
719226
2016
250๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
A billion of them are going to have the ability to access it
221
721740
2813
10์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋จธ์ง€์•Š์•„ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์œต์„œ๋น„์Šค์—
12:04
on their cell phone soon.
222
724577
1195
์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
It's not just going to give them the ability to bank.
223
725796
2853
์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด์ œ ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:08
It's going to change what monetary policy is.
224
728957
2877
๊ธˆ์œต ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
It's going to change what money is.
225
731858
2636
๋ˆ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ๋„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
Education is changing in the same way.
226
735262
2171
๊ต์œก๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:18
Healthcare is changing in the same way.
227
738430
2461
์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
How government services are delivered is changing in the same way.
228
740915
3494
๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
And yet, in Washington, we are debating
229
745607
4262
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ๋„ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
12:29
whether to call the terrorist group that has taken over Syria and Iraq
230
749893
5465
์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ์ด๋ผํฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ นํ•œ ISIS๋‚˜ ISIL์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ์ •๋ถ€์—
12:35
ISIS or ISIL or Islamic State.
231
755382
4160
์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ง์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
We are trying to determine
232
760540
3111
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 50๋…„ ์ „์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ
12:43
how much we want to give in a negotiation with the Iranians
233
763675
5289
์ด๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ํ•ต ํ˜‘์ƒ์—์„œ
12:48
on a nuclear deal which deals with the technologies of 50 years ago,
234
768988
4799
์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์–ด์•ผํ• ์ง€๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
when in fact, we know that the Iranians right now are engaged in cyber war with us
235
773811
5358
์ •์ž‘ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ „์Ÿ ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
12:59
and we're ignoring it, partially because businesses are not willing
236
779193
6034
๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
13:05
to talk about the attacks that are being waged on them.
237
785251
3118
๊บผ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
And that gets us to another breakdown
238
789399
2809
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜
13:12
that's crucial,
239
792232
1224
์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๊ณ 
13:13
and another breakdown that couldn't be more important to a group like this,
240
793480
3711
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋”์—†์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
because the growth of America and real American national security
241
797215
3652
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด์™€
13:20
and all of the things that drove progress even during the Cold War,
242
800891
4441
๋ƒ‰์ „ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋„ ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
13:25
was a public-private partnership between science, technology and government
243
805356
4751
ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ์ œํผ์Šจ์ด ํ˜ผ์ž ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ์•‰์•„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ
13:30
that began when Thomas Jefferson sat alone in his laboratory
244
810131
3508
๊ณผํ•™, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ์ •๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ด€ํ˜‘์—…์—์„œ
13:33
inventing new things.
245
813663
1843
๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
But it was the canals and railroads and telegraph;
246
816528
3810
๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šดํ•˜์™€ ์ฒ ๋„, ์ „๋ณด์™€
13:40
it was radar and the Internet.
247
820362
2316
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
It was Tang, the breakfast drink --
248
823129
2284
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:45
probably not the most important of those developments.
249
825437
2877
์•„์นจ์— ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ผ์ฃผ์Šค 'ํƒฑ'์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
But what you had was a partnership and a dialogue,
250
828795
2879
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜‘์—…๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
and the dialogue has broken down.
251
831698
2265
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊นจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
It's broken down because in Washington,
252
833987
2379
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์—์„œ๋Š”
13:56
less government is considered more.
253
836390
1766
์ž‘์€ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
13:58
It's broken down because there is, believe it or not,
254
838180
2479
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“œ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
14:00
in Washington, a war on science --
255
840683
1840
์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์— ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์„ ํฌํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
despite the fact that in all of human history,
256
842547
3039
์ „ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ
14:05
every time anyone has waged a war on science,
257
845610
2960
๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
14:08
science has won.
258
848594
1601
๋ฒˆ๋ฒˆ์ด ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
(Applause)
259
851463
4927
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:16
But we have a government that doesn't want to listen,
260
856712
4196
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ 
14:20
that doesn't have people at the highest levels
261
860932
2159
๊ณ ์œ„์ง์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
14:23
that understand this.
262
863115
1154
์ด๊ฑธ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
In the nuclear age,
263
864293
1151
๊ณ ์œ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ์ง์—
14:25
when there were people in senior national security jobs,
264
865468
3167
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋˜ ํ•ต ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š”
14:28
they were expected to speak throw-weight.
265
868659
3028
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
They were expected to know the lingo, the vocabulary.
266
872005
3018
ํŠน์ • ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
14:35
If you went to the highest level of the U.S. government now
267
875047
2799
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฏธ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์œ„์ง์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ
14:37
and said, "Talk to me about cyber, about neuroscience,
268
877870
2533
"๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™, ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
14:40
about the things that are going to change the world of tomorrow,"
269
880427
3140
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
14:43
you'd get a blank stare.
270
883591
1151
๋ฉํ•œ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์ง€์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
I know, because when I wrote this book,
271
884766
1921
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ 150๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
14:46
I talked to 150 people, many from the science and tech side,
272
886711
3040
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์ค‘์—๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
14:49
who felt like they were being shunted off to the kids' table.
273
889775
3056
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์šฉ ํƒ์ž๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
Meanwhile, on the tech side,
274
893389
2082
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—๋Š”
14:55
we have lots of wonderful people creating wonderful things,
275
895495
3805
๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
but they started in garages and they didn't need the government
276
899324
2957
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฐจ๊ณ ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
15:02
and they don't want the government.
277
902305
1673
์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
Many of them have a political view that's somewhere between
278
904002
2767
๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ฌด์ •๋ถ€์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด ์ฏค์˜
15:06
libertarian and anarchic:
279
906793
1894
์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
leave me alone.
280
908711
1361
'๋‚  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋‘ฌ.'
15:11
But the world's coming apart.
281
911305
1814
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ถ„์—ด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
All of a sudden, there are going to be massive regulatory changes
282
913668
3389
ํ•œ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
15:17
and massive issues associated with conflict
283
917081
2918
๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์Ÿ์ ๋“ค๊ณผ
15:20
and massive issues associated with security and privacy.
284
920023
4285
๋ณด์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์Ÿ์ ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
And we haven't even gotten to the next set of issues,
285
924332
2495
์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์•„์ง ๋‹ค์Œ ์Ÿ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
which are philosophical issues.
286
926841
1974
์ฒ ํ•™์ ์ธ ์Ÿ์ ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
15:29
If you can't vote, if you can't have a job,
287
929601
2822
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ํˆฌํ‘œ๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์—…๋„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
15:32
if you can't bank, if you can't get health care,
288
932447
2492
์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜๋„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
15:34
if you can't be educated without Internet access,
289
934963
2442
๊ต์œก๋„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:37
is Internet access a fundamental right that should be written into constitutions?
290
937429
4911
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์— ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
15:42
If Internet access is a fundamental right,
291
942364
3171
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:45
is electricity access for the 1.2 billion who don't have access to electricity
292
945559
4158
์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” 12์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
15:49
a fundamental right?
293
949741
1417
์ „๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
15:51
These are fundamental issues. Where are the philosophers?
294
951500
3029
์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋Š” ์–ด๋””์žˆ์ฃ ?
15:54
Where's the dialogue?
295
954553
1660
๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” ์–ด๋””์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
15:57
And that brings me to the reason that I'm here.
296
957590
2516
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
I live in Washington. Pity me.
297
960559
2518
์ €๋Š” ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์— ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ์Œํ•˜์ฃ .
16:03
(Laughter)
298
963101
1770
(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:04
The dialogue isn't happening there.
299
964895
2267
์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
These big issues that will change the world,
300
967932
2395
์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ , ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์•ˆ๋ณด์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€
16:10
change national security, change economics,
301
970351
2648
ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ
16:13
create hope, create threats,
302
973023
2883
ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€
16:15
can only be resolved when you bring together
303
975930
2714
๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
16:18
groups of people who understand science and technology
304
978668
3381
์ •๋ถ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์•„์•ผ
16:22
back together with government.
305
982073
1673
ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
Both sides need each other.
306
983770
2180
์–‘์ชฝ ๋‹ค ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
And until we recreate that connection,
307
986486
4752
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”,
16:31
until we do what helped America grow and helped other countries grow,
308
991262
5431
๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง„
16:36
then we are going to grow ever more vulnerable.
309
996717
3070
๊ณ„์† ๋” ์•ฝํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
The risks associated with 9/11 will not be measured
310
1000547
3811
911ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜๋‚˜
16:44
in terms of lives lost by terror attacks
311
1004382
3006
๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง„ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜๋‚˜
16:47
or buildings destroyed or trillions of dollars spent.
312
1007412
4085
๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์กฐ์›์˜ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
They'll be measured in terms of the costs of our distraction from critical issues
313
1012040
4903
๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
16:56
and our inability to get together
314
1016967
3733
๋ณ€ํ˜์  ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—
17:00
scientists, technologists, government leaders,
315
1020724
4196
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
17:04
at a moment of transformation akin to the beginning of the Renaissance,
316
1024944
5135
๊ณผํ•™์ž, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์„
17:10
akin to the beginning of the major transformational eras
317
1030103
3718
ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜
17:13
that have happened on Earth,
318
1033845
2489
๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
and start coming up with, if not the right answers,
319
1036358
4446
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ ์–ด๋„ ์˜ณ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„
17:20
then at least the right questions.
320
1040828
2353
๋ฌป๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
We are not there yet,
321
1043205
2043
์•„์ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
17:25
but discussions like this and groups like you
322
1045272
3064
์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ผ์˜๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด
17:28
are the places where those questions can be formulated and posed.
323
1048360
3786
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ œ๊ธฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
And that's why I believe that groups like TED,
324
1052553
4554
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”
17:37
discussions like this around the planet,
325
1057131
2593
TED๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ
17:39
are the place where the future of foreign policy, of economic policy,
326
1059748
4710
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ…, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ •์ฑ…, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ •์ฑ…, ์ฒ ํ•™์ด
17:44
of social policy, of philosophy, will ultimately take place.
327
1064482
5487
์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
And that's why it's been a pleasure speaking to you.
328
1070394
2430
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
Thank you very, very much.
329
1072848
1255
์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:54
(Applause)
330
1074127
4866
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7