How young people join violent extremist groups -- and how to stop them | Erin Marie Saltman

170,431 views ใƒป 2017-09-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
So in 2011, I altered my name
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ื‘-2011 ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื™ ืืช ืฉืžื™
00:16
so that I could participate in Far Right youth camp in Hungary.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”.
00:20
I was doing a PhD looking at youth political socialization --
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ --
00:25
why young people were developing political ideologies
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช
00:28
in a post-communist setting,
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ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืคื•ืกื˜-ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื.
00:30
and I saw that a lot of young people I was talking to
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ื ื•ื›ื—ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืื™ืชื ืฉื•ื—ื—ืชื™
00:33
were joining the Far Right,
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ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
00:35
and this was astounding to me.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™.
00:37
So I wanted to enroll in this youth camp
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœืžื—ื ื” ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ื–ื”
00:39
to get a better understanding of why people were joining.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื›ืš.
00:42
So a colleague enrolled me,
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ืื– ื›ืฉื ืจืฉืžืชื™ ืœืื—ืช ื”ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช,
00:44
and my last name sounds a little bit too Jewish.
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ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื ืฉืžืข ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™,
00:47
So Erin got turned into Irรฉna,
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ืื– "ืืจื™ืŸ" ื”ืคื›ื” ืœ"ืื™ืจื ื”",
00:50
and Saltman got turned into Sรณs,
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ื•"ื–ืœืฆืžืŸ" ื”ืคืš ืœ"ืฉื•ืฉ",
00:52
which means "salty" in Hungarian.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• "ืžืœื•ื—",
00:55
And in Hungarian, your last name goes first,
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ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”,
00:57
so my James Bond name turned into "Salty Irena,"
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ืื– ื”"ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ื•ื ื“" ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” "ืื™ืจื ื” ื”ืžืœื•ื—ื”"
01:02
which is not something I would have naturally chosen for myself.
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ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจืช ื‘ื• ืžืจืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
01:06
But going to this camp,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžื—ื ื”
01:08
I was further shocked to realize that it was actually really fun.
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ื”ื–ื“ืขื–ืขืชื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ื™ืฃ.
01:13
They talked very little about politics.
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืฉื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.
01:15
It was mostly learning how to ride horses,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืžื“ื• ืฉื ืœืจื›ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืกื•ืกื™ื,
01:18
shooting a bow and arrow,
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ืœื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฅ ื•ืงืฉืช,
01:20
live music at night,
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ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืคืขื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”,
01:21
free food and alcohol,
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ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื—ื™ื ื,
01:23
also some air-gun target practice
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ื•ื’ื ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจ
01:26
using mainstream politicians' faces as targets.
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ืขืœ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื.
01:30
And this seemed like a very, actually, friendly, inclusive group
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ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื ืจืืชื” ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืื“ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืžืงื‘ืœืช
01:34
until you started talking or mentioning anything to do with the Roma population,
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ืขื“ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืฆื•ืขื ื™ื, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืื• ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื,
01:39
Jewish people or immigrants,
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01:41
and then the discourse would become very hate-based very quickly.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืฉื™ื— ื ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“ ืžืœื ืฉื ืื”.
01:46
So it led me into my work now,
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื›ื™ื•ื,
01:49
where we pose the question,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”,
01:51
"Why do people join violent extremist movements,
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"ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ืžื•ืช
01:54
and how do we effectively counter these processes?"
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"ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื”?"
01:58
In the aftermath of horrible atrocities and attacks
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ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื
02:01
in places like Belgium, France, but all over the world,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืœื’ื™ื”, ืฆืจืคืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
02:05
sometimes it's easier for us to think,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืงืœ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
02:06
"Well, these must be sociopaths,
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"ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืคืชื™ื,
02:08
these must be naturally violent individuals.
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"ืืœื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื™ืžื™ื ืžื˜ื‘ืขื.
02:12
They must have something wrong with their upbringing."
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"ื”ื ื‘ื˜ื— ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื’ืจื•ืข."
02:14
And what's really tragic
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื˜ืจื’ื™,
02:16
is that oftentimes there's no one profile.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืื•ืชื.
02:18
Many people come from educated backgrounds,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืžืจืงืข ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ,
02:22
different socioeconomic backgrounds,
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ืžืจืงืข ื›ืœื›ืœื™-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ,
02:24
men and women, different ages,
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ืืœื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
02:27
some with families, some single.
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ืœื—ืœืงื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ื—ืœืงื ืจื•ื•ืงื™ื.
02:29
So why? What is this allure?
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ืื– ืžื“ื•ืข? ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช?
02:32
And this is what I want to talk you through,
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ื•ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื,
02:34
as well as how do we challenge this in a modern era?
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ื•ื’ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
02:38
We do know, through research,
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ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื—ืงืจ, ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
02:40
that there are quite a number of different things
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ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืงืฆื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
02:42
that affect somebody's process of radicalization,
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02:45
and we categorize these into push and pull factors.
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื“ื—ื™ืคื” ื•ืžืฉื™ื›ื”.
02:48
And these are pretty much similar for Far Right, neo-Nazi groups
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ื”ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื ื™ืื•-ื ืืฆื™ื
02:52
all the way to Islamist extremist and terrorist groups.
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
02:55
And push factors are basically what makes you vulnerable
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ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื“ื—ื™ืคื” ื”ื ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืชื›ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื™ื
02:59
to a process of radicalization,
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ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฆื ื” ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืืœื™ืžื”.
03:01
to joining a violent extremist group.
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03:03
And these can be a lot of different things,
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ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
03:05
but roughly, a sense of alienation, a sense of isolation,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื›ื•ืจ, ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“,
03:09
questioning your own identity,
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ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืกืคืง ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœืš,
03:11
but also feeling that your in-group is under attack,
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืคื”,
03:14
and your in group might be based on a nationality or an ethnicity
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ืืชื ื™ื•ืช
03:18
or a religion,
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ืื• ื“ืช,
03:19
and feeling that larger powers around you are doing nothing to help.
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ื›ืฉื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืš ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
03:23
Now, push factors alone do not make you a violent extremist,
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ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื“ื—ื™ืคื” ืœื‘ื“ื ืœื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืœืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืืœื™ื,
03:27
because if that were the fact,
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ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืš,
03:28
those same factors would go towards a group like the Roma population,
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ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืฆื•ืขื ื™ืช,
03:32
and they're not a violently mobilized group.
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ื•ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืืœื™ืžื” ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช.
03:34
So we have to look at the pull factors.
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื”.
03:37
What are these violent extremist organizations offering
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ืžื” ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื™ืžื™ื
03:40
that other groups are not offering?
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ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช?
03:42
And actually, this is usually very positive things,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ืžืื“,
03:45
very seemingly empowering things,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขืฆื™ืžื™ื ืžืื“, ืœื›ืื•ืจื”,
03:47
such as brotherhood and sisterhood
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ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืื—ื•ื•ื”,
03:49
and a sense of belonging,
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ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช,
03:50
as well as giving somebody a spiritual purpose,
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืžื˜ืจื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช,
03:53
a divine purpose to build a utopian society
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ืžื˜ืจื” ื ืฉื’ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ืช
03:57
if their goals can be met,
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื™ื•ืฉื’ื• ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”,
03:59
but also a sense of empowerment and adventure.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื”ืจืคืชืงื”.
04:02
When we look at foreign terrorist fighters,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื–ืจื™ื,
04:04
we see young men with the wind in their hair
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืคืจื•ืขื™ ื‘ืœื•ืจื™ืช
04:07
out in the desert and women going to join them
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ืื™-ืฉื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื
04:09
to have nuptials out in the sunset.
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ื•ืžืชื—ืชื ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”.
04:12
It's very romantic, and you become a hero.
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ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™, ืืชื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
04:16
For both men and women, that's the propaganda being given.
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ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื, ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืขืžื•ืœื”.
04:19
So what extremist groups are very good at
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ืื– ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“
04:22
is taking a very complicated, confusing, nuanced world
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ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืื“, ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื•ืžืœื ื‘ื“ืงื•ื™ื•ืช
04:27
and simplifying that world into black and white,
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ-ืœื‘ืŸ,
04:30
good and evil.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข.
04:31
And you become what is good,
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ืืชื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ื•ื‘
04:33
challenging what is evil.
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ื•ื ืื‘ืง ื‘ืจืข.
04:36
So I want to talk a little bit about ISIS, Daesh,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ื“ืืข"ืฉ,
04:40
because they have been a game changer in how we look at these processes,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžื™ืœืื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื”,
04:44
and through a lot of the material and their tactics.
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ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
04:47
They're very much a modern movement.
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ื”ื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืžืื“.
04:50
One of the aspects is the internet and the usage of social media,
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
04:55
as we've all seen in headlines tweeting and videos of beheadings.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ืขืจื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื.
04:59
But the internet alone does not radicalize you.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืงืฆื ื”.
05:02
The internet is a tool.
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™.
05:03
You don't go online shopping for shoes
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ืืชื” ืœื ืžื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื™ืคื” ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื ืขืœื™ื™ื,
05:05
and accidentally become a jihadist.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื’'ื™ื”ืื“ื™ืกื˜.
05:07
However, what the Internet does do is it is a catalyst.
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžื–ืจื– ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื.
05:11
It provides tools and scale and rapidity
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ืœื™ื, ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
05:15
that doesn't exist elsewhere.
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ืฉืื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
05:16
And with ISIS, all of a sudden,
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ื•ื“ืืข"ืฉ, ืœืคืชืข ืคืชืื•ื,
05:19
this idea of a cloaked, dark figure of a jihadist changed for us.
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ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืฆืœื ื• ืืช ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืœื•ื—ื ื”ื’'ื™ื”ืื“ ืขื•ื˜ื” ื”ื’ืœื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืืคืœ.
05:24
All of a sudden, we were in their kitchens.
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ืœืคืชืข ืคืชืื•ื ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœื”ื. ืจืื™ื ื• ืžื” ื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื.
05:26
We saw what they were eating for dinner.
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05:28
They were tweeting.
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืฆื™ื. ืจืื™ื ื• ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
05:29
We had foreign terrorist fighters tweeting in their own languages.
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05:32
We had women going out there talking about their wedding day,
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืœืฉื ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ื—ืชื•ื ืชืŸ,
ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื.
05:35
about the births of their children.
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05:37
We had gaming culture, all of a sudden,
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ืคืชืื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘,
05:39
and references to Grand Theft Auto being made.
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ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืœ"ื’ืจื ื“ ืช'ืคืช ืื•ื˜ื•".
05:43
So all of a sudden, they were homey.
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ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื ื ืขืฉื• ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื.
05:45
They became human.
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ื”ื ื ืขืฉื• ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
05:46
And the problem is that trying to counter it,
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ื‘ื›ืš,
05:49
lots of governments and social media companies
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
05:51
just tried to censor.
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ืจืง ื ื™ืกื• ืœืฆื ื–ืจ ืื•ืชื.
05:52
How do we get rid of terrorist content?
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ืื™ืš ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™?
05:54
And it became a cat-and-mouse game
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืžืฉื—ืง ื—ืชื•ืœ-ื•ืขื›ื‘ืจ
05:56
where we would see accounts taken down and they'd just come back up,
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ืขื ื”ืกืจืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื
05:59
and an arrogance around somebody having a 25th account
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ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ืฉื—ืฆื ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืคืชื— ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืขื ื”-25
06:02
and material that was disseminated everywhere.
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ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคืฆื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
06:05
But we also saw a dangerous trend --
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ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ื’ื ืžื’ืžื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช --
06:07
violent extremists know the rules and regulations of social media, too.
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ื’ื ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื™ืžื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
06:12
So we would see a banal conversation with a recruiter
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ื•ืื– ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืขื ื’ื•ืจื ืžื’ื™ื™ืก
06:16
start on a mainstream platform,
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ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”,
06:18
and at the point at which that conversation
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ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื•ืงื™ืช,
06:21
was going to become illegal,
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06:22
they would jump to a smaller, less regulated,
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ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฆืคื ื”.
06:24
more encrypted platform.
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06:26
So all of a sudden, we couldn't track where that conversation went.
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ื•ืœืคืชืข ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”.
06:30
So this is a problem with censorship,
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ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื”,
06:32
which is why we need to develop alternatives to censorship.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคืชื— ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืฆื ื–ื•ืจื”.
06:35
ISIS is also a game-changer because it's state-building.
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ื“ืืข"ืฉ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื’ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
06:39
It's not just recruiting combatants;
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื,
06:41
it's trying to build a state.
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ืืœื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
06:43
And what that means is all of a sudden,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืคืชืข ืคืชืื•ื,
06:45
your recruitment model is much more broad.
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
06:47
You're not just trying to get fighters --
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ืœื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
06:49
now you need architects, engineers, accountants, hackers and women.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื, ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ืคืฆื—ื ื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื.
06:53
We've actually seen a huge increase of women going
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืช
06:56
in the last 24, but especially 12 months.
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ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
06:59
Some countries, one in four of the people going over to join
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ื™ืฉ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื—ืช ืžื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื
07:02
are now women.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืื™ืฉื”.
07:03
And so, this really changes
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืœื ื•.
07:05
who we're trying to counter this process with.
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07:08
Now, not all doom and gloom.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืงื•ื“ืจ.
07:10
So the rest I'd like to talk about some of the positive things
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ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื
07:13
and the new innovation in trying to prevent and counter violent extremism.
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื” ื•ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ื‘ื”.
07:17
Preventing is very different than countering,
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ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื“ ืžืžืื‘ืง,
07:19
and actually, you can think of it in medical terms.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื.
07:21
So preventative medicine is,
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ื›ืืŸ, ืจืคื•ืื” ืžื•ื ืขืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื”
07:24
how do we make it so you are naturally resilient
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ืœืคืชื— ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
07:27
to this process of radicalization,
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ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืงืฆื ื” ื”ื–ื”.
07:29
whereas that is going to be different
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื–ื” ืื—ืจืช ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืคื’ื™ืŸ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืื• ืกื™ืžื ื™ื
07:31
if somebody is already showing a symptom or a sign
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07:34
of belonging to a violent extremist ideology.
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ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ื“ ื‘ืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืืœื™ืžื”.
07:37
And so in preventative measures,
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ืื– ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžื ื™ืขื”,
07:38
we're talking more about really broad groups of people
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ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืื“
07:41
and exposure to ideas
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ื•ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ืคืชืŸ ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
07:43
to make them resilient.
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ืฉื™ืคืชื—ื• ืืฆืœืŸ ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช.
07:45
Whereas it's very different
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื“
07:46
if somebody is starting to question and agree with certain things online,
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
07:50
and it's also very different if somebody already has a swastika tattoo
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื“ ื’ื ืื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืขืงื•ืข ืฆืœื‘ ืงืจืก
07:54
and is very much embedded within a group.
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ื•ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™.
07:56
How do you reach them?
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ืื™ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื?
07:58
So I'd like to go through three examples of each one of those levels
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
08:02
and talk you through
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ื•ืœืชืืจ ืœื›ื
08:03
what some of the new ways of engaging with people are becoming.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื.
08:07
One is "Extreme Dialogue,"
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ื”ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื "ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื— ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™",
08:08
and it's an educational program that we helped develop.
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ื–ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ืฉืขื–ืจื ื• ืœืคืชื—.
08:11
This one is from Canada,
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ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืงื ื“ื”,
08:14
and it's meant to create dialogues within a classroom setting,
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ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื— ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”,
08:18
using storytelling,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
08:19
because violent extremism can be very hard to try to explain,
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ื›ื™ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœื”ืกื‘ืจ,
08:22
especially to younger individuals.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
08:25
So we have a network of former extremists and survivors of extremism
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช
08:29
that tell their stories through video and create question-giving to classrooms,
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ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ื ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื ืกื—ื™ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœื›ื™ืชื”
08:33
to start a conversation about the topic.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
08:35
These two examples show Christianne,
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ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ,
08:37
who lost her son,
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ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื”,
08:39
who radicalized and died fighting for ISIS,
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ืฉืคื ื” ืœืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืืข"ืฉ,
08:41
and Daniel is a former neo-Nazi
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ื•ืืช ื“ื ื™ืืœ, ื ื™ืื•-ื ืืฆื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ,
08:43
who was an extremely violent neo-Nazi,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืื•-ื ืืฆื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืืœื™ื,
08:45
and they pose questions about their lives and where they're at and regret,
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ื•ื”ื ืžืขืœื™ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื ื•ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื—ืจื˜ื”,
08:49
and force a classroom to have a dialogue around it.
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ื•ืžืืœืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ืœืคืชื— ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
08:52
Now, looking at that middle range of individuals,
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ื›ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™,
08:56
actually, we need a lot of civil society voices.
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ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช.
08:58
How do you interact with people that are looking for information online,
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ืื™ืš ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื’ืข ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืจืฉืช,
09:02
that are starting to toy with an ideology,
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ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืขืฉืข ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
09:04
that are doing those searching identity questions?
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ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื ื‘ืจืฉืช?
09:07
How do we provide alternatives for that?
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ืื™ืš ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื”ื ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช?
09:09
And that's when we combine large groups of civil society voices
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช -
09:13
with creatives, techies, app developers, artists, comedians,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื, ืžืคืชื—ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื, ืืžื ื™ื, ืงื•ืžื™ืงืื™ื,
09:17
and we can create really specified content
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืžืื“
09:20
and actually, online, disseminate it to very strategic audiences.
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ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืฆื• ื‘ืจืฉืช ืœืงื”ืœื™ ืžื˜ืจื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื.
09:24
So one example would be creating a satirical video
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืจื™
09:27
which makes fun of Islamophobia,
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ืฉืœื•ืขื’ ืœืื™ืกืœืžื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื”,
09:30
and targeting it to 15- to 20-year-olds online
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ 15 ืขื“ 20 ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
09:34
that have an interest in white power music
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ืฉืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืœื‘ืŸ,
09:36
and live specifically in Manchester.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืžื ืฆ'ืกื˜ืจ.
09:38
We can use these marketing tools to be very specific,
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:41
so that we know when somebody's viewing, watching
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืชื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ื›ื ืก ื•ืฆื•ืคื”
09:44
and engaging with that content,
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ื•ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
09:46
it's not just the average person, it's not me or you --
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ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ืœื ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืžื•ื›ื --
09:48
it's a very specific audience that we are looking to engage with.
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ื–ื”ื• ืงื”ืœ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืžืื“ ืฉืื™ืชื• ืื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื’ืข.
09:52
Even more downstream, we developed a pilot program called "One to One,"
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืคื™ื—ืชื ื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื "ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ืื—ื“",
09:56
where we took former extremists
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ืฉื‘ื” ืœืงื—ื ื• ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ
09:57
and we had them reach out directly to a group of labeled neofascists
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ืฉื™ื™ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืžืชื•ื™ื™ื’ื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืื•-ืคืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช
10:02
as well as Islamist extremists,
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ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื,
10:04
and put direct messages through Facebook Messenger into their inbox, saying,
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ื•ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืกืจื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง" ืืœ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืฉืœื”ื, ื›ืžื•,
10:08
"Hey, I see where you're going. I've been there.
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"ื”ื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืœืืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืš. ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื.
10:10
If you want to talk, I'm here."
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"ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ."
10:12
Now, we kind of expected death threats from this sort of interaction.
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ืื ื• ื“ื™ ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื— ืžืกื•ื’ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื›ื–ื”.
10:15
It's a little alarming to have a former neo-Nazi say, "Hey, how are you?"
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ืงืฆืช ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœ ื›ืฉื ื™ืื•-ื ืืฆื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืืœ, "ื”ื™ื™, ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืžืš?"
10:19
But actually, we found that around 60 percent
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื›-60% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืคื ื™ื•ืช
10:22
of the people reached out to responded,
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ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•,
10:24
and of that, around another 60 percent had sustained engagement,
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ื•ืฉ-60% ืžืืœื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงืฉืจ,
10:28
meaning that they were having conversations
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื•ื”ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช
10:30
with the hardest people to reach about what they were going through,
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ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื,
ื ื–ืจืขื• ื–ืจืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืคืง
10:34
planting seeds of doubt
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10:35
and giving them alternatives for talking about these subjects,
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ื•ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
10:38
and that's really important.
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“.
10:40
So what we're trying to do
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
10:43
is actually bring unlikely sectors to the table.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื.
10:46
We have amazing activists all over the world,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
10:48
but oftentimes, their messages are not strategic
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื, ื”ืžืกืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืื™ื ื ืงื•ืœืขื™ื
10:50
or they don't actually reach the audiences they want to reach.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืงื”ืœื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื™ื.
10:53
So we work with networks of former extremists.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ.
10:55
We work with networks of young people in different parts of the world.
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ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ื•ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™,
10:59
And we work with them to bring the tech sector to the table
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11:02
with artists and creatives and marketing expertise
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืืžื ื™ื, ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง
11:05
so that we can actually have a more robust and challenging of extremism
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืืชื’ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช.
11:10
that works together.
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11:11
So I would say that if you are in the audience
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ืื– ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ
11:14
and you happen to be a graphic designer,
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ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง,
11:17
a poet, a marketing expert,
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11:19
somebody that works in PR,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
11:21
a comedian --
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ืงื•ืžื™ืงืื™ื --
11:22
you might not think that this is your sector,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ื ื›ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื›ื,
11:24
but actually, the skills that you have right now
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื›ืจื’ืข
11:27
might be exactly what is needed
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ
11:29
to help challenge extremism effectively.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
11:32
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
11:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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