Humble plants that hide surprising secrets | Ameenah Gurib-Fakim:

71,721 views ใƒป 2014-11-04

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Guy Marom ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
You know, it's a big privilege for me
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™
00:15
to be working in one of the biodiversity hotspots in the world:
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื:
00:19
the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean.
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ืื™ื™ ื”ืžืกืงืืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™.
00:21
These islands โ€” Mauritius, Rodrigues, and Rรฉunion โ€”
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ื”ืื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื• - ืžืื•ืจื™ืฆื™ื•ืก, ืจื•ื“ืจื™ื’ืก ื•ืจืื•ื ื™ื•ืŸ -
00:25
along with the island of Madagascar,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืื™ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ,
00:28
they are blessed with unique plants
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ื‘ื•ืจื›ื• ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื
00:30
found nowhere else in the world.
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ืฉืœื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
00:32
And today I will tell you about five of them
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื ืขืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื”ื
00:35
and their particular features
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ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
00:37
and why these plants are so unique.
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ื•ืœืžื” ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื›"ื› ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื.
00:40
Take a look at this plant.
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ืชืจืื• ืืช ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื”.
00:41
I call it benjoin in the local vernacular,
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื• ื‘ื ื’'ื•ื™ืŸ (benjoin ) ื‘ืขื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
00:45
and the botanical name is Terminalia bentzoe,
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื Terminalia bentzoe,
00:49
subspecies bentzoe.
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ืชืช ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ bentzoe.
00:51
This subspecies is endemic to Mauritius,
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ืชืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืื ื“ืžื™ ืœืžืื•ืจื™ืฆื™ื•ืก,
00:54
and its particular feature
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ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืฉืœื•
00:56
is its heterophylly.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื”.
00:58
What do I mean by heterophylly?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื”?
01:00
It's that the same plant
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ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฆืžื— ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
01:02
has got leaves that are different shapes and sizes.
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01:05
Now, these plants have evolved
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•
01:07
very far away from the mainland,
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ืžืื•ื“ ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช,
01:09
and within specific ecosystems.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช.
01:12
Often, these particular features
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ืœืจื•ื‘, ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
01:15
have evolved as a response to the threat
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืกื›ื ื”
01:18
presented by the local fauna,
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ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
01:20
in this case, grazing tortoises.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ืฆื‘ื™ ืžืจืขื”.
01:24
Tortoises are known to have poor eyesight,
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ืฆื‘ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ ื”ืจืื™ื™ื”,
01:27
and as such, they tend to avoid the plants
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ื•ื›ื›ืืœื•, ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฆืžื—ื™ื
01:30
they don't recognize.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžื–ื”ื™ื.
01:32
So this evolutionary foil safeguards the plant
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ืื– ื”ืžื’ืŸ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืžื—
01:35
against these rather cute animals,
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ื ื’ื“ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชื•ืงื•ืช,
01:38
and protects it and of course ensures its survival.
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ื•ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฉืจื™ื“ืชื•.
01:43
Now the question you're probably asking yourself is,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื”ื™ื,
01:46
why is she telling us all these stories?
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ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•?
01:49
The reason for that is that we tend to overlook
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื
01:53
the diversity and the variety of the natural world.
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ืžื”ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
01:57
These particular habitats are unique
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช
02:00
and they are host to a whole lot of plants.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฆืžื—ื™ื.
02:04
We don't realize how valuable
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
02:06
and how precious these resources are,
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื™ืงืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
02:09
and yet, through our insouciance,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืื“ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื‘ื”,
02:11
we keep on destroying them.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืื•ืชื.
02:13
We're all familiar
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื
02:15
with the macro impact of urbanization,
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ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืžืงืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื•ืจ,
02:18
climate change, resource exploitation,
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื,
02:22
but when that one last plant โ€”
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืฆืžื— ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ -
02:24
or animal for that matter โ€”
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ืื• ื”ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” -
02:26
when that very last specimen
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
02:28
has disappeared from the face of this Earth,
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ื ืขืœื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
02:30
we would have lost
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืคืกื“ื ื•
02:32
an entire subset of the Earth's biology,
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ืชืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
02:36
and with it, important plants with medicinal potential
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ื•ื›ืš, ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืจืคื•ืื™
02:39
or which could have ingredients
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ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื
02:41
that would speak to the cosmetic,
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
02:43
nutrition, pharma,
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ื”ื–ื ื”, ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช,
02:45
and even the ethno-veterinary sectors,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘-ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื” ื”ืืชื ื™ืช,
02:47
be gone forever.
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ื™ื™ืขืœืžื• ืœื ืฆื—.
02:49
And here we have a very prime example
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ื•ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืขื•ืœื”
02:51
of the iconic dodo, which comes from Mauritius,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื“ื• ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื, ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืžืื•ืจื™ืฆื™ื•ืก,
02:54
and, of course, we know is now a symbol of extinction.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”.
02:58
We know plants have a fundamental role to play.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
03:01
Well, first of all, they feed us
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื ืžืื›ื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•
03:03
and they also give us the oxygen we breathe,
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ื•ื”ื ื’ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื,
03:05
but plants are also the source
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ืื‘ืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ื ื’ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ
03:08
of important, biologically active ingredients
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ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื,
03:11
that we should be studying very carefully,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”,
03:14
because human societies over the millennia,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
03:19
they have developed important knowledge,
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ืคื™ืชื—ื• ื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
03:22
cultural traditions,
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ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
03:24
and important plant-based medicinal resources.
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ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืฆืžื—ื™ื.
03:28
Here's a data point:
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ื”ื ื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ืข:
03:30
1.4 percent of the entire land surface
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1.4% ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœื
03:34
is home to 40 percent of the species of higher plants,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืœ-40% ืžืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื,
03:38
35 percent of the species of vertebrates,
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35% ืžืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช,
03:41
and this 1.4 percent
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ื•ื”-1.4% ื”ืืœื•
03:43
represents the 25 biodiversity hotspots in the world,
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ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช 25 ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
03:48
and this 1.4 percent of the entire land surface
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ื•ื”-1.4% ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
03:51
already provides for 35 percent
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกืคืงืช ืœ-35%
03:54
of the ecosystem services
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ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
03:56
that vulnerable people depend on.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”.
03:58
And as you can see,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
04:00
the island of Mauritius
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ื”ืื™ ืžืื•ืจื™ืฆื™ื•ืก
04:01
where I work and where I live,
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ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื•ื—ื™ื”,
04:03
belongs to one such biodiversity hotspot,
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ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
04:06
and I study the unique plants
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื
04:08
on the island for their biomedical applications.
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ื‘ืื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื.
04:12
Now, let's go back again
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ื–ืจื”
04:13
to that first plant I showed you,
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ืœืฆืžื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื,
04:15
the one, of course, with different-shaped leaves
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ื–ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
04:18
and different sizes, Terminalia bentzoe,
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ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, Terminalia bentzoe,
04:21
subspecies bentzoe,
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ืชืช ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ bentzoe,
04:23
a plant only found in Mauritius.
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ืฆืžื— ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœืžืื•ืจื™ืฆื™ื•ืก.
04:25
Now, the local people,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืจื™ืฆื™ื•ืก
04:27
they used a decoction of the leaves
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื
04:29
against infectious diseases.
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ื ื’ื“ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
04:31
Now our work, that is,
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืื ื›ืš,
04:34
the scientific validation of this traditional information,
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ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื”ื–ื”,
04:37
has shown that precisely
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ื”ืจืืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
04:39
that leaf extract shows activity, potent activity,
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ืฉืชืžืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืขืœื™ื ืžืจืื” ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื”
04:44
against a wide range of bacteria
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ื ื’ื“ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช
04:46
that could be pathogenic to humans.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
04:49
Now, could this plant be the answer
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืื ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ
04:51
to antibiotic resistance?
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ืœืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”?
04:54
You know, antibiotic resistance is proving to be
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
04:56
a big challenge globally.
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ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:59
While we may not be sure, one thing is certain:
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—:
05:02
we will not want this plant to disappear.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื” ื™ื™ื›ื—ื“.
05:04
But the harsh reality is that
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื™ื
05:07
this particular plant is in fact
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ืฉื”ืฆืžื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื–ื”
05:09
considered to be vulnerable
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ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื›ื ื”
05:11
in its natural habitat.
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื•.
05:13
This brings me to another example.
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžื.
05:15
This bush here is known as baume de l'ile plate
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ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ื–ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›-baume de l'ile plate
05:19
in the local vernacular.
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ื‘ืขื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
05:21
The botanical name is Psiadia arguta.
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ืฉืžื• ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ ื”ื•ื Psiadia arguta.
05:23
It's a plant which is rare,
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ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื” ื ื“ื™ืจ
05:25
which is endemic to Mauritius.
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ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื“ืžื™ ืœืžืื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืก.
05:28
It used to grow on the mainland,
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ืคืขื ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช,
05:29
but through the sheer pressures of urbanization
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื•ืจ
05:32
has been pushed out of the mainland,
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ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช,
05:34
and we've managed to bring it back
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ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•
05:36
from the brink of extinction
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ืžืกืฃ ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”,
05:37
by developing in vitro plants
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ืข"ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฆืžื—ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื ื”
05:39
which are now growing in the wild.
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ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
05:41
Now, one thing I must point out straightaway
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• -
05:43
is that not all plants
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ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื
05:46
can be developed in vitro.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื”.
05:49
While we humans, we are happy in our comfort zone,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื— ืœื ื•,
05:53
these plants also need
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ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
05:55
their ecosystem to be preserved,
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ืฉื™ืฉืžืจื• ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
05:58
and they don't react โ€” endemic plants
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ืžืกืชื’ืœื™ื - ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
06:00
don't react to very harsh changes in their ecosystem,
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ืœื ืžืกืชื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
06:03
and yet we know what are the challenges
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื
06:05
that climate change, for example,
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ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื.
06:06
is posing to these plants.
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06:08
Now, the local people again use the leaves
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ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื
06:11
in traditional medicine
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ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช
06:13
against respiratory problems.
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ื ื’ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
06:15
Now, our preliminary labwork
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช
06:17
on the leaf extract has shown
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ืขืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืขืœื” ื”ืจืืชื”
06:19
that precisely these leaves contain ingredients
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ืฉื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื
06:23
that are very close, in terms of structures,
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ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื,
06:26
chemical structures, to those medicines
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ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ื, ืœืืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
06:29
which are sold in the chemist's shop
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ืฉื ืžื›ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืงื—ืช
06:30
against asthma.
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ื ื’ื“ ืืกื˜ืžื”.
06:32
So who knows
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ืื– ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข
06:34
what humanity will benefit from
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ืžื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืชืจื•ื•ื™ื—
06:36
should this plant decide to reveal all its secrets.
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ืื ื”ืฆืžื— ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
06:42
Now, I come from the developing world
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื‘ืื” ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
06:44
where we are forever being challenged with this issue
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆื— ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
06:47
of population explosion.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ.
06:49
Africa is the continent which is getting younger,
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ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:52
and whenever one talks about population explosion,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ,
06:56
one talks about the issue of food security
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ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™
06:58
as being the other side of the same coin.
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ื›ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข.
07:01
Now this plant here, the baobab,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื‘ืื•ื‘ื‘,
07:03
could be part of the answer.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
07:05
It's an underutilized, neglected food plant.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ืžื•ื–ื ื— ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื ื•ืฆืœ.
07:08
It defines the landscape of West Africa,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช,
07:11
where it is known as the tree of life,
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ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
07:13
and later on I will tell you why
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืœืžื”
07:16
the Africans consider it to be the tree of life.
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ื”ืืคืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
07:19
Now interestingly, there are many legends
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ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช
07:21
which are associated with this plant.
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ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื”.
07:23
Because of its sheer size,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœื•
07:25
it was meant to be lording over lesser plants,
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ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœืžืœื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืชื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
07:27
so God didn't like this arrogance,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
07:29
uprooted it, and planted it upside down,
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ืขืงืจ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืฉืชืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืคื•ืš,
07:32
hence its particular shape.
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ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื•.
07:35
And if you look at this tree again
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ื•ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘,
07:37
within the African context,
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™,
07:39
in West Africa, it's known as the palaver tree,
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืขืฅ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”,
07:43
because it performs great social functions.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
07:46
Now if you have a problem in the community,
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ืื– ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
07:48
meeting under the palaver tree
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ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขืฅ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”
07:50
with the chiefs or the tribesmen
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ืขื ื”ืฆ'ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜
07:52
would be synonymous to trying to find a solution
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ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืžื•ืœ ืœื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ
07:54
to that particular problem,
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ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื–ื•,
07:56
and also to reinforce trust and respect
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ื•ื’ื ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“
07:59
among members of the community.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
08:01
From the scientific point of view,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช,
08:03
there are eight species of baobab in the world.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:06
There's one from Africa,
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ื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืžืืคืจื™ืงื”,
08:08
one from Australia,
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ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”,
08:10
and six are endemic
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ื•ืฉื™ืฉื” ืื ื“ืžื™ื™ื
08:13
to the island of Madagascar.
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ืœืื™ ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ.
08:14
The one I have showed you
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ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื
08:16
is the one from Africa,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืื—ื“ ืžืืคืจื™ืงื”,
08:17
Adansonia digitata.
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Adansonia digitata.
08:19
Now, the flower, this beautiful white flower,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื”,
08:22
it opens at night, is pollinated by bats,
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ื ืคืชื— ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืžื•ืื‘ืง ืข"ื™ ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื,
08:24
and it gives rise to the fruit
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ื•ืžื’ื“ืœ ืคืจื™
08:26
which is curiously known
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ืฉื ืงืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
08:28
as the monkey apple.
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ืชืคื•ื— ื”ืงื•ืฃ.
08:30
The monkeys are not stupid animals.
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ื”ืงื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ืœื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคืฉื•ืช.
08:31
They know what's good for them.
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืŸ.
08:33
Now, if you open the fruit of the baobab,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืชืคืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืื•ื‘ื‘,
08:36
you'll see a white, floury pulp,
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ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืขื™ืกื” ืงืžื—ื™ืช, ืœื‘ื ื”,
08:38
which is very rich in nutrients
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื
08:40
and has got protein,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ,
08:43
more protein than in human milk.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
08:47
Yes, you heard right:
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ื›ืŸ, ืฉืžืขืชื ื ื›ื•ืŸ:
08:49
more protein than in human milk.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
08:52
And this is one of the reasons why
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ื•ื–ื• ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช
08:54
the nutrition companies of this world,
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ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
08:56
they are looking for this fruit to provide
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ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง
08:58
what we know as reinforced food.
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื–ืง.
09:01
The seeds give an oil, a very stable oil
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ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืฉืžืŸ, ืฉืžืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฆื™ื‘,
09:05
which is sought after by the cosmetic industry
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ ืข"ื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืช
09:08
to give to produce body lotions, for example.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืจืžื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
09:11
And if you look at the trunk,
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ื•ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ื’ื–ืข,
09:13
the trunk, of course, safeguards water,
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ื”ื’ื–ืข ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื•ืžืจ ืžื™ื,
09:16
which is often harvested by a thirsty traveler,
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ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฆืžืื™ื
09:19
and the leaves are used in traditional medicine
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ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช
09:21
against infectious disease.
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ื ื’ื“ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
09:23
Now, you can see now why the Africans consider it
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•
09:25
to be the tree of life.
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ืœืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
09:27
It's a complete plant,
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ืžื•ืฉืœื,
09:29
and in fact, the sheer size of these trees
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื•
09:31
is hiding a massive potential,
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ืžื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืขื ืงื™,
09:33
not only for the pharma, nutrition, and the cosmetic industry.
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ืœื ืจืง ืœืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืงื—ื•ืช, ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
09:37
What I have showed you here
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื ืคื”
09:39
is only the species from Africa,
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ื”ื ืจืง ื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
09:41
Adansonia digitata.
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Adansonia digitata.
09:43
We have six species yet in Madagascar,
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ,
09:46
and we don't know what is the potential of this plant,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื”,
09:49
but one thing we know is that the flora
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื”
09:52
is considered to be threatened with extinction.
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ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”.
09:54
Let me take you to Africa again,
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืืชื›ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืคืจื™ืงื”,
09:57
and introduce you to one of my very favorite,
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ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™,
10:00
the resurrection plant.
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ืฆืžื— ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื”.
10:02
Now here you'll find
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืคื” ืชืจืื•
10:03
that even Jesus has competition.
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ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืœื™ืฉื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืชื—ืจื•ืช.
10:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง).
10:06
Now, this plant here has developed
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ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื” ืคื™ืชื—
10:09
remarkable tolerance to drought,
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ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช ืœื™ื•ื‘ืฉ,
10:12
which enables it to withstand
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื• ืœืขืžื•ื“
10:15
up to 98 percent dehydration over the period of a year
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ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 98% ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื”
10:19
without damage,
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ื‘ืœื™ ื ื–ืงื™ื,
10:21
and yet it can regenerate itself almost completely
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช
10:25
overnight, over 24 hours, and flower.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืœื”, ื‘ืžืฉืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช, ื•ืคื•ืจื—.
10:29
Now, us human beings,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉ,
10:31
we're always on the lookout for the elixir of youth.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื.
10:35
We don't want to get old, and rightly so.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื–ืงืŸ, ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง.
10:36
Why should we, especially if you can afford it?
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ืœืžื” ืฉื ืจืฆื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืืช ื–ื”?
10:40
And this gives you an indication
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืจืžื–
10:42
of what the plant looks like before.
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ืœืื™ืš ื”ืฆืžื— ื ืจืื” ืœืคื ื™.
10:45
Now, if you are an inexperienced gardener,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืืชื ื’ื ื ื™ื ืœื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื,
10:48
the first thing you'll do when you visit the garden
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืชืขืฉื• ืฉืชื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ื’ืŸ
10:50
is to uproot this plant because it's dead.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื— ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืช.
10:52
But if you water it, this is what you get.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืจื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื•, ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื–ื”.
10:57
Absolutely amazing.
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ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
10:59
Now, if you look at our aging process,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืชืจืื• ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
11:02
the aging process is in fact the loss of water
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื™ื
11:04
from the upper epidermis, resulting in wrinkling
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ืžืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืชืงืžื˜ื•ืช
11:07
as we know it, especially women,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื,
11:09
we are so conscious of this.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›"ื› ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื–ื”.
11:11
And this plant, in fact, is giving the cosmetic chemists
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ื•ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื™ืžืื™ื ื”ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ื
11:15
very important ingredients
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ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
11:17
that are actually finding ways
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื“ืจืš
11:20
to slow down the aging process
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ืœื”ืื˜ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื–ืงื ื•ืช
11:23
and at the same time reinforce the cells
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ื–ืง ืชืื™ื
11:25
against the onslaught of environmental toxins.
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ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืชืงืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขืœื ื™ื ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
11:29
Now, these four examples
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช
11:32
I have just given you
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ืฉื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
11:35
are just a very tiny reminder
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ื”ื ืจืง ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ืงื˜ื ื”
11:38
as to how our health
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ืœืื™ืš ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
11:42
and our survival are closely linked
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ื•ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง
11:45
to the health and the resilience
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ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ
11:48
of our ecosystem,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื•ืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
11:50
and why we should be very careful
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ื•ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ
11:52
about preserving biodiversity.
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ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืืงื•ืœื’ื™.
11:55
Every time a forest is cut down,
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ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื™ืขืจ ื ื›ืจืช,
11:58
every time a marsh is filled in,
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ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื” ืžืžื•ืœืืช,
12:02
it is a potential lab that goes with it,
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ื–ื• ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืื•ื‘ื“ืช,
12:05
and which we will never, ever recover.
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ื•ืื•ืชื” ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ.
12:08
And I know what I'm talking about,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช,
12:09
coming from Mauritius and missing the dodo.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืื” ืžืžืื•ืจื™ืฆื™ื•ืก ื•ืžืชื’ืขื’ืขืช ืœื“ื•ื“ื•.
12:13
Let me finish with just one last example.
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
12:17
Conservation issues are normally guided
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ
12:21
towards rare, endemic plants,
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ืืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืื ื“ืžื™ื ื•ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื,
12:24
but what we call exotic plants,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ืฆืžื— ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™,
12:26
that is, the ones which grow in many different habitats across the world,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
12:30
they also need to be considered.
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ื•ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื’ื ืื•ืชื.
12:32
You know why? Because the environment plays
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื”? ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื—ืงืช
12:35
a very important role
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ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
12:37
in modifying the composition of that plant.
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ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื”.
12:40
So let's take a look at this plant here,
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื” ืคื”,
12:42
Centella asiatica. It's a weed.
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Centella asiatica. ื–ื” ืขืฉื‘ ืฉื•ื˜ื”.
12:45
We call it a weed.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ืขืฉื‘ ืฉื•ื˜ื”.
12:47
Now, Centella asiatica grows across the world
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, Centella asiatica ืฆื•ืžื— ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื
12:50
in many different habitats โ€” in Africa, in Asia โ€”
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื - ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ืืกื™ื” -
12:53
and this plant has been instrumental
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ื•ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื” ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื‘ื“ื•
12:55
in providing a solution to that dreadful disease
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ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืœื” ื”ืื™ื•ืžื”
12:57
called leprosy in Madagascar in the 1940s.
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ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืฆืจืขืช ื‘ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ 1940.
13:02
Now, while Centella grows across the world โ€”
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉ-Centella ื’ื“ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื -
13:05
in Africa, in Asia โ€” the best quality Centella
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ืืกื™ื” - ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
13:09
comes from Madagascar,
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ื‘ืื” ืžืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ,
13:11
because that Centella contains the three vital ingredients
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”-Centella ื”ื–ื• ืžื›ื™ืœื” 3 ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
13:15
which are sought after by the pharma
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื”
13:17
and the cosmetic companies.
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ื•ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
13:20
And the cosmetic companies are already using it
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ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื•
13:22
to make regenerating cream.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืงืจื ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
13:25
Now, there is an ancient saying
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืืžืจื” ืขืชื™ืงื”
13:28
that for every disease known to mankind,
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ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžื—ืœื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
13:32
there is a plant to cure it.
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ื™ืฉ ืฆืžื— ืฉืžืจืคื ืื•ืชื”.
13:34
Now, you may not believe in ancient sayings.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช.
13:36
You may think they're obsolete
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ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื•ืช
13:38
now that our science and technology are so powerful.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›"ื› ื—ื–ืงื™ื.
13:41
So you may look on Centella as being
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”-Centella
13:43
an insignificant, humble weed,
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ื›ืฆืžื— ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืขืฉื‘ ืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฆื ื•ืข,
13:46
which, if destroyed, won't be missed.
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ืฉืื ื ื”ืจื•ืก ืื•ืชื•, ืœื ื ืชื’ืขื’ืข ืืœื™ื•.
13:49
But you know, there is no such thing as a weed.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืขืฉื‘ ืฉื•ื˜ื”.
13:52
It's a plant.
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ื–ื” ืฆืžื—.
13:53
It's a living biological lab
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ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื—ื™ื”
13:56
that may well have answers
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
13:58
to the question that we may have,
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ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•,
14:00
but we have to ensure
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื
14:02
that it has the right to live.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.
14:05
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื
14:07
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื).
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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