Julia Dhar: How to have constructive conversations | TED

323,654 views ใƒป 2021-04-08

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber:
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Roey Perlstein ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื, 25 ืฉืขื•ืช, 16,000 ืงโ€œืž
ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžื˜ื™ืกื” ืžืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ
ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืืจื•ื—ื” ืงืœื”, ืื• ืžืงืœื—ืช, ืื• ืชื ื•ืžื” ืงืฆืจื”.
00:12
Three planes, 25 hours, 10,000 miles.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2016
00:16
My dad gets off a flight from Australia with one thing in mind
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ื•ืื‘ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.
00:19
and it's not a snack or a shower or a nap.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื‘ื ืืžื ื ืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•,
00:23
It's November 2016
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืื“ื•ื ืื• ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคืชื— ืื• ืžืฆืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช.
00:24
and Dad is here to talk to Americans about the election.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ืžื” ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช.
00:29
Now, Dad's a news fiend, but for him,
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ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘, ืฉื™ืฉืžืขื• ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.
00:31
this is not just red or blue, swing states or party platforms.
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ื•ืขืœ-ืคื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช
00:36
He has some really specific intentions.
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ืขื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื, ืžื ื™ื•-ื”ืžืคืฉื™ื™ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืžื™ืืžื™.
00:39
He wants to listen, be heard and understand.
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ื—ืœืงืŸ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช,
00:43
And over two weeks, he has hundreds of conversations
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ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืชื”ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืžื“ื•ืช,
00:46
with Americans from New Hampshire to Miami.
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ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
00:49
Some of them are tough conversations,
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
00:52
complete differences of opinions,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
ืื‘ื ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืื•ืชืŸ ืขื ื—ื™ื•ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื
00:55
wildly different worldviews,
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00:57
radically opposite life experiences.
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ื•ื›ืš ืงื•ืจื” ื’ื ืœืื“ื ื”ืฉื ื™.
ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื›ืืŸ.
01:01
But in all of those interactions,
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ื•ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
01:03
Dad walks away with a big smile on his face
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ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื•, ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื ื•,
01:05
and so does the other person.
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01:07
You can see one of them here.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ --
01:10
And in those interactions,
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ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื•ื ื”.
01:12
he's having a version of what it seems like we have less of,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืื™-ืคืขื.
01:16
but want more of --
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
01:18
a constructive conversation.
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ื ื“ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื” ืžื–ื”.
01:21
We have more ways than ever to connect.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืกื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืจืืฉ ืคืชื•ื—.
01:24
And yet, politically, ideologically,
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01:27
it feels like we are further and further apart.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื”ื,
ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื—ืกืจ ืœื”ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉื“ืจื”.
01:30
We tell pollsters that we want politicians who are open-minded.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข
01:35
And yet when they change their point of view,
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ืฉืžืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœื ื•,
01:38
we say that they lacked conviction.
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ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืชื—, ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืžื“ืชื ื•.
01:41
For us, when we're confronted with information
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช:
01:43
that challenges an existing worldview,
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื”ืชืžื“ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”.
01:47
our tendency is not to open up, it's to double down.
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ื•ืชืฉืžืขื•, ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืžืชืžื™ื“ื•ืช.
01:50
We even have a term for it in social psychology.
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01:53
It's called belief perseverance.
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ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื™.
01:56
And boy, do some people's beliefs seem to persevere.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ
ื‘ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ื”ืœืื”
02:02
I'm no stranger to tough conversations.
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ื•ื ื™ืฆื—ืชื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžืขืžืชื™ื ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
02:05
I got my start in what I now call productive disagreement
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ.
02:09
in high school debate.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช-ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
02:10
I even went on to win
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02:11
the World Schools Debate Championship three times.
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืฆื—
02:14
I've been in a lot of arguments, is what I'm saying,
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ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช.
02:17
but it took watching my dad on the streets of the US
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ืœื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ, ืืœื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช.
02:22
to understand that we need to figure out
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืžืื– ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2016, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”.
02:24
how we go into conversations.
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช, ืขื ืงืจื ื•ืช, ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช,
02:27
Not looking for the victory, but the progress.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช
02:31
And so since November 2016, that's what I've been doing.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืคืขืจ ืื™ื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ
02:34
Working with governments, foundations, corporations, families,
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ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืงื“ืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’,
02:38
to uncover the tools and techniques
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02:41
that allow us to talk when it feels like the divide is unbridgeable.
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืคืชื—.
02:46
And constructive conversations that really move the dialogue forward
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื”
ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืขืœ-ืคื ื™ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช.
02:52
have these same three essential features.
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02:55
First, at least one party in the conversation
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ื”ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก,
02:59
is willing to choose curiosity over clash.
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ื•ืœื ื›ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืื‘ืงื•ืช,
ื•ืฉื”ื ื™ืฉื™ื’ื• ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
03:03
They're open to the idea that the discussion is a climbing wall,
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ื•ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขื’ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”.
03:08
not a cage fight,
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03:10
that they'll make progress over time
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ื›ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืคื•ืจืžืœื™,
03:12
and are able to anchor all of that in purpose of the discussion.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืคืชื” ืœืจื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืืœ ืื™-ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื”.
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช,
03:19
For someone trained in formal debate,
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ื•ื‘ื”ืชื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช
03:21
it is so tempting to run headlong at the disagreement.
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ื–ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ืขื ืฉ ืขืœื™ื”, ืื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง.
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื™, ื•ื’ื ืืชื ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื ื‘ื–ื”,
03:27
In fact, we call that clash
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ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ืกื’ืจ,
03:29
and in formal argumentation,
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03:31
it's a punishable offense if there's not enough of it.
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ืœื ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”,
03:34
But I've noticed, you've probably noticed, too,
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ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
03:36
that in real life that tends to make people shut down,
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ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืจืฉืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”.
03:41
not just from the conversation,
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03:43
but even from the relationship.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื”
03:46
It's actually one of the causes of unfriending, online and off.
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ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืคื™ืง ื”ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื–ืจ
ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
03:52
So instead, you might consider a technique
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ืกืงืจื ื•ืช
03:55
made popular by the Hollywood producer Brian Grazer,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืื—ืจ,
03:58
the curiosity conversation.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจ.
04:01
And the whole point of a curiosity conversation
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”
04:04
is to understand the other person's perspective,
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
04:07
to see what's on their side of the fence.
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ืฉืืชื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ืฃ,
04:11
And so the next time
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04:12
that someone says something you instinctively disagree with,
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ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืจืง ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ื“ ื•ืœืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช:
โ€œืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืš.
04:18
that you react violently to,
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื™ืชื™, ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืื”?โ€
04:21
you only need one sentence and one question:
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04:25
โ€œI never thought about it exactly that way before.
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ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืกืงืจื ื•ืช
04:28
What can you share that would help me see what you see?โ€
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืกืงืจื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื›ื.
04:34
What's remarkable about curiosity conversations
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืื“ื•ืŸ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘,
ื™ืจื™ื‘ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื• ื™ืจื™ื‘ ืžืกื—ืจื™,
04:37
is that the people you are curious about tend to become curious about you.
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืžื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื
04:42
Whether it's a friendly Australian gentleman,
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ื•ื”ืื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
04:45
a political foe or a corporate rival,
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ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™.
04:48
they begin to wonder what it is that you see
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ืื ืชื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžื ื•
04:51
and whether they could see it to.
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04:54
Constructive conversations aren't a one-shot deal.
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ืขื ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืื™ืชื” ืืชื ื ื›ื ืกืชื ืืœื™ื•,
ืื– ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช.
04:59
If you go into an encounter expecting everyone to walk out
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืงื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก,
05:04
with the same point of view that you walked in with,
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05:07
there's really no chance for progress.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœื•,
05:10
Instead, we need to think about conversations as a climbing wall
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืžืฅ ืคื™ืกืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืงื˜ื ื” ื›ืืŸ,
ืžืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
05:15
to do a variant of what my dad did during this trip,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื•ืฉืืœื” ืžืžืขืžืชื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื
05:18
pocketing a little nugget of information here,
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืชื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืชืงื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืืชื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
05:22
adapting his approach there.
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05:24
That's actually a technique borrowed from formal debate
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชืงืฃ ืฉื•ื‘,
ืืชื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
05:27
where you present an idea,
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ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžืฉืชืคืจื™ื
05:29
it's attacked and you adapt and re-explain,
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05:32
it's attacked again,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืช ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช.
05:34
you adapt and re-explain.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืื™ื-ื•ืžืชื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:36
The whole expectation is that your idea gets better
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05:40
through challenge and criticism.
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ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉื–ื” ื’ื ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
05:43
And the evidence from really high-stakes international negotiations
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ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช
ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื
05:49
suggests that that's what successful negotiators do as well.
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:52
They go into conversations
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05:54
expecting to learn from the challenges that they will receive
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื
05:58
to use objections to make their ideas and proposals better.
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ื•ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื ื•.
06:03
Development is in some way a service that we can do for others
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ืืš ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื—ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืกื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื
06:09
and that others can do for us.
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06:11
It makes the ideas sharper,
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ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืœืง ืกื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
06:14
but the relationships warmer.
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ืืš ื™ืฉื ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื
06:17
Curiosity can be relationship magic
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ื‘ื”ื ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ, ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืจื—ื”.
06:20
and development can be rocket fuel for your ideas.
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06:24
But there are some situations
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•
ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
06:27
where it just feels like it's not worth the bother.
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ืื ื™ ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
06:32
And in those cases
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ืขื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืจื”.
06:35
it can be because the purpose of the discussion isn't clear.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“, ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘, ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื•.
06:39
I think back to how my dad went into those conversations
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื,
06:43
with a really clear sense of purpose.
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06:46
He was there to learn, to listen, to share his point of view.
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ืื– ืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื.
ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขืชื™ื“.
06:50
And once that purpose is understood by both parties,
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ.
ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืื”, ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช.
06:54
then you can begin to move on.
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06:56
Lay out our vision for the future.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืœืงื• ืขื ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
06:58
Make a decision.
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07:00
Get funding.
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07:01
Then you can move on to principles.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืื™ืชื• - ืขื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
07:04
When people shared with my dad their hopes for America,
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ืœื ืขื ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช, ืื• ืขื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”, ืื• ืงื•ื•ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
07:10
that's where they started with the big picture,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื•
07:13
not with personality or politics or policies.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ
ื•ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืžืื“, ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื.
07:18
Because inadvertently they were doing something
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07:21
that we do naturally with outsiders
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ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ืจื• ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
07:25
and find it really difficult sometimes to do with insiders.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ื™ืช
07:30
They painted in broad strokes
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจืงืข ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
07:33
before digging into the details.
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07:36
But maybe you live in the same zip code or the same house
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืœ ืื™-ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื”,
07:40
and it feels like none of that common ground is there today.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ืกื— ืื™ื–ื• ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
07:44
Then you might consider a version of disagreement time travel,
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ืขื•ืœื, ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
07:49
asking your counterpart to articulate what kind of neighborhood, country,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืžื”ื™ื•ื,
ืขืฉื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ื•ื.
ื–ื” ืžืคืชื” ืžืื“ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ืžืชื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”
07:55
world, community,
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07:57
they want a year from now,
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ื•ืœืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื.
08:00
a decade from now.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช
08:02
It is very tempting to dwell in present tensions
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08:06
and get bogged down in practicalities.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืคืชื— ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืžื˜ืจื”.
08:09
Inviting people to inhabit a future possibility
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื’ืŸ ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื ื™ื•-ื–ื™ืœื ื“,
08:14
opens up the chance of a conversation with purpose.
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ืฉืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื•.
ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื•-ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช,
08:18
Earlier in my career,
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08:19
I worked for the deputy prime minister of New Zealand
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ืฉืœ ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช,
08:22
who practiced a version of this technique.
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ืžื–ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขื™ื.
08:25
New Zealand's electoral system is designed for unlikely friendships,
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ื•ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืงืฆืช ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืžืขื˜ -
08:29
coalitions, alliances,
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08:31
memoranda of understanding are almost inevitable.
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ืฉืžืจื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื,
ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื”.
08:35
And this particular government set-up had some of almost everything --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
ืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื™ื—ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื›ื–ื•,
08:39
small government conservatives, liberals,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“?
08:42
the Indigenous people's party, the Green Party.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, โ€œืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ืืชื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
08:45
And I recently asked him,
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08:46
what does it take to bring a group like that together
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ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœื”ื:
08:50
but hold them together?
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08:53
He said, "Someone, you, has to take responsibility
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ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืื ืฉื™ื.โ€
ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžืื—ื“,
08:58
for reminding them of their shared purpose:
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09:01
caring for people.โ€
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืื‘ืง.
09:04
If we are more focused on what makes us different than the same,
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ืื ื ืฉื™ื ืœืžื•ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
09:09
then every debate is a fight.
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ-ื‘ืจื™ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื™ืจื™ื‘.
09:13
If we put our challenges and our problems before us,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืืจื– ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœื• ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช, 25 ื”ืฉืขื•ืช,
09:17
then every potential ally becomes an adversary.
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ื•-16,000 ื”ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”,
ื”ื•ื ืืจื– ื’ื ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
09:23
But as my dad packed his bags for the three flights, 25 hours,
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09:27
10,000 miles back to Australia,
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ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช,
09:30
he was also packing a collection of new perspectives,
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ื•ืžืขืจืš ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื‘ื”ื.
09:35
a new way of navigating conversations,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•, ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืื™ืชื• ื‘ืžื’ืข.
09:39
and a whole set of new stories and experiences to share.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ื›ืš.
09:44
But he was also leaving those behind
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09:47
with everyone that he'd interacted with.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื ื• ืื™ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ.
ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื‘ืœื™ื
09:50
We love unlikely friendships when they look like this.
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ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช,
09:55
We've just forgotten how to make them.
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช,
09:58
And amid the cacophony of cable news
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ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” --
10:01
and the awkwardness of family dinners,
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ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืฆืขื•ื“ ืœืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืžืคื’ืฉ,
10:04
and the hostility of corporate meetings,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื™ืจื“ ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ื,
ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช,
10:08
each of us has this --
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10:10
the opportunity to walk into every encounter,
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ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”,
10:13
like my dad walked off that plane,
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10:15
to choose curiosity over clash,
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ื•ืœืขื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.
ื–ื”, ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
10:19
to expect development of your ideas through discussion
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช
10:24
and to anchor in common purpose.
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ื•ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืื•ืชืŸ ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื’ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื ื•ืข ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
10:27
That's what really world-class persuaders do
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
10:30
to build constructive conversations
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10:32
and move them forward.
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10:34
It's how our world will move forward too.
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10:37
Thank you.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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