The real harm of the global arms trade | Samantha Nutt

84,826 views ใƒป 2016-06-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Gal Abramovitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Zeeva Livshitz
00:12
Thank you very much. Good evening.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ืขืจื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:14
Some of you may have noticed that my last name is Nutt.
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ื—ืœืงื›ื ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืณื ืื˜ืณ.
00:18
And if you did, you are forgiven for wondering
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื
00:21
how a Nutt managed to end up in a war zone.
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ืื™ืš ื ืื˜ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
00:24
I actually was offered, right out of medical school, and accepted
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœื™ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื”, ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™
00:28
a volunteer contract to work with UNICEF in war-torn Somalia,
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ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื UNICEF ื‘ืกื•ืžืœื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช,
00:32
that was worth one dollar.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“.
00:34
And, you see, I had to be paid this dollar
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ ื”ื–ื”
00:37
in the event that the UN needed to issue an evacuation order,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืื•ืดื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืคื™ื ื•ื™,
00:40
so that I would be covered.
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ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”.
00:42
I was, after all, heading into one of the world's most dangerous places.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
00:47
And by now, some of you may be asking yourselves,
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื— ื—ืœืงื›ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื,
00:50
and I just want to reassure you,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ื,
00:52
that I did get half the money up front.
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ืฉืื›ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืจืืฉ.
00:54
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:56
But you see, this is how, with 50 cents in my pocket,
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ืื– ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื›ื” - ืขื 50 ืกื ื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ืก,
00:59
I ended up in Baidoa, Somalia.
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืื™ื“ื•ืื”, ืฉื‘ืกื•ืžืœื™ื”.
01:02
Journalists called it the "city of death."
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ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืดืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืชืด.
01:05
And they called it the city of death
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ื•ื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช
01:07
because 300,000 people had lost their lives there --
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ื›ื™ 300 ืืœืฃ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืฉื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื --
01:10
300,000 people,
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300 ืืœืฃ ืื ืฉื™ื,
01:14
mostly as a result of war-related famine and disease.
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ืจื•ื‘ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืจืขื‘ ืฉื ื’ืจื ืžืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ืื• ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช.
01:19
I was part of a team that was tasked with trying to figure out
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš
01:23
how best to respond to this humanitarian catastrophe.
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ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
01:26
It was right on the heels of the Rwandan genocide,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ืจืฆื— ื”ืขื ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”,
01:29
and aid money to the region was drying up.
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ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื’ืžืจ.
01:32
Many aid organizations, unfortunately,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืกื™ื•ืข ืจื‘ื™ื
01:34
had been forced to close their doors.
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ื ืืœืฆื• ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื“ืœืชื•ืชื™ื”ื.
01:36
And so the question that I was asked to specifically help answer,
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ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™, ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืชื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”,
01:40
which is one that aid workers ask themselves in war zones the world over,
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ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ืข ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื:
01:47
is: What the hell do we do now?
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ืžื” ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
01:50
You know, the security environment in Somalia at that moment in time --
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืžืœื™ื” ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช --
01:53
and nothing has really changed too much --
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ื•ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ --
01:55
can best be described as "Mad Max" by way of "A Clockwork Orange."
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ื”ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชืืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืดืžืงืก ื”ื–ื•ืขืืด ืขื ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืดื”ืชืคื•ื– ื”ืžื›ื ื™ืด.
02:01
And I remember very distinctly a couple of days after my arrival,
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™
02:06
I went up to a feeding clinic.
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืžืจืคืืช ื”ืื›ืœื”.
02:09
There were dozens of women who were standing in line,
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ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ,
02:12
and they were clutching their infants very close.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืื—ื–ื• ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืžืื“ ืงืจื•ื‘.
02:16
About 20 minutes into this conversation I was having
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ืœืื—ืจ ื›-20 ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื”
02:19
with this one young woman,
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ืขื ืื—ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช
02:21
I leaned forward
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ื ืฉืขื ืชื™ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
02:23
and tried to put my finger in the palm of her baby's hand.
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ื•ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื›ืฃ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ืฉืœื”.
02:28
And when I did this,
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ื›ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช,
02:29
I discovered that her baby was already in rigor.
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ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื” ืœืžื’ืข.
02:34
She was stiff,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื•ืงืฉื”,
02:36
and her little, lifeless hand was curled into itself.
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ื•ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืงื•ืคืœืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžื”.
02:40
She had died hours before
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ื”ื™ื ื ืคื˜ืจื” ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื
02:44
of malnutrition and dehydration.
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ืžืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช.
02:48
I later learned that as her baby was dying,
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ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ืฉืœื” ื’ืกืกื”,
02:51
this young woman had been held for two days
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ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื
02:55
by some teenage boys who were armed with Kalashnikov rifles,
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ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื ืขืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื™ ืงืœืฆืณื ื™ืงื•ื‘,
03:00
and they were trying to shake her down for more money,
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ื•ื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ,
03:02
money she very clearly did not have.
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ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืžืื“ ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”.
03:05
And this is a scene that I have confronted
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ื ืชืงืœืชื™
03:09
in war zones the world over;
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
03:12
places where kids, some as young as eight -- they are this big --
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ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื—ืœืงื ืจืง ื‘ื ื™ 8 -- ื”ื ื‘ื›ื–ื” ื’ื•ื‘ื” --
03:18
and those kids, they have never been to school.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ.
03:21
But they have fought and they have killed with automatic rifles.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื›ืŸ ื ืœื—ืžื• ื•ื”ืจื’ื• ืขื ื ืฉืง ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™.
03:28
Is this just the way the world is?
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ื”ืื ื–ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“?
03:32
Some will you tell you that war is unavoidably human.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื—ืฃ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข.
03:37
After all, it is as old as existence itself.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื.
03:41
We say never again, and yet it happens again and again and again.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืดืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขื•ื“ืด, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื‘ - ื•ืฉื•ื‘ - ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
03:49
But I will tell you that I have seen the absolute worst
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื›ื ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืข ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
03:55
of what we as human beings are capable of doing to one another,
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™,
04:00
and yet I still believe a different outcome is possible.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช.
04:05
Do you want to know why?
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืœืžื”?
04:07
Because over 20 years of doing this work,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš 20 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•,
04:09
going in and out of war zones around the world,
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ื ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
04:12
I have come to understand
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื”
04:14
that there are aspects of this problem
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
04:16
that we, all of us, as people occupying this shared space,
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ื–ื”,
04:21
that we can change --
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช --
04:23
not through force or coercion or invasion,
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ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื—, ื›ืคื™ื” ืื• ืคืœื™ืฉื”,
04:27
but by simply looking at all of the options available to us
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ืืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืชื ื•
04:31
and choosing the ones that favor peace at the expense of war,
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ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ืืœื• ืฉื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”,
04:37
instead of war at the expense of peace.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื•ื.
04:43
How so?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™?
04:44
Well, I want you to consider this:
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฉืงืœื• ื–ืืช:
04:46
there are at least 800 million small arms and light weapons
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ื™ืฉ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 800 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื•ื ืฉืงื™ื ืงืœื™ื
04:51
in circulation in the world today.
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ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:54
The vast majority of civilians, like that young baby,
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ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
04:58
who are dying in war zones around the world,
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ืฉืžืชื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
05:00
are dying at the hands of various armed groups
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ืžืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
05:03
who rely on a near-infinite supply of cheap, easy and efficient weapons
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ืฉื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืืกืคืงื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ื–ื•ืœื™ื, ืงืœื™ื ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื
05:10
to rape, threaten, intimidate and brutalize those civilians
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื ื•ืก, ืœืื™ื™ื, ืœื”ืคื—ื™ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชืื›ื–ืจ ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
05:14
at every turn.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
05:16
How cheap?
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ื›ืžื” ื–ื•ืœ?
05:18
Well, in some parts of the world,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
05:19
you can buy an AK-47 for as little as 10 dollars.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช AK-47 ืขื‘ื•ืจ 10 ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“
05:24
In many places in which I have worked,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™,
05:27
it is easier to get access to an automatic rifle
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ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืจื•ื‘ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™
05:32
than it is to get access to clean drinking water.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื.
05:37
And so now the important part:
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื—ืœืง ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘:
05:39
Can anything be done about this?
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ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ?
05:43
To answer that question,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”,
05:45
let's take a look at this map of the world.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
05:48
And now, let's add in all of the countries that are currently at war,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืกืžืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”,
05:53
and the number of people who have either died
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ื•ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื•,
05:55
or have been displaced as a result of that violence.
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ืื• ืฉื ืขืงืจื• ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
05:58
It is a staggering number --
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ื–ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ืžื–ืขื–ืข --
05:59
more than 40 million people.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
06:02
But you will also notice something else about this map.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืคื” ื”ื–ืืช.
06:05
You will notice that most of those countries
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
06:07
are in the Global South.
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ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ (Global South).
06:09
Now, let's look at the countries
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘-20 ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
06:11
that are the world's top 20 exporters of small arms in the world.
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ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืงืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:17
And what do we notice?
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ื•ืžื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื?
06:19
Well, you see them in green.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืง.
06:20
You will notice that those are mostly countries in the Global North,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช (Global North),
06:24
primarily Western countries.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช.
06:26
What does this tell us?
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื•?
06:27
This tells us that most of the people who are dying in war
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช
06:31
are living in poor countries,
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืช,
06:33
and yet most of the people who are profiting from war
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืžืœื—ืžื•ืช
06:36
are living in rich countries -- people like you and me.
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช -- ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืžื•ื›ื.
06:41
And then what if we go beyond small arms for a second.
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ื•ืžื” ืื ืœืจื’ืข ื ืชืงื“ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืงืœื™ื -
06:44
What if we look at all weapons in circulation in the world?
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ืžื” ืื ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื•ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื?
06:47
Who does the biggest business?
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ืžื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืกืงื™ื?
06:49
Well, roughly 80 percent of those weapons
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ืื– ื›-80 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”
06:52
come from none other than the five permanent members
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ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืœื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžื—ืžืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
06:55
of the United Nations Security Council,
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ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืดื,
06:57
plus Germany.
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ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
06:59
It's shocking, isn't it?
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ืœื?
07:01
Now, some of you might be saying at this moment in time,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ืœืงื›ื ื‘ื˜ื— ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช,
07:04
"Oh yeah, but OK, hang on a second there ... Nutt."
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ืดื›ืŸ, ื‘ื˜ื—, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื›ื™ ืจื’ืข... ื ืื˜ืด
07:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:10
Grade school was spectacular for me.
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™.
07:12
It was, really, a wonderful experience.
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ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืงืกื™ืžื”.
07:14
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:17
But you might be saying to yourselves,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื,
07:19
You know, all of these weapons in war zones -- they're not a cause,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” -- ื”ื ืœื ื’ื•ืจื,
07:22
but an effect of the violence that plagues them
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ืืœื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ื‘ืงืช ื‘ื”ื
07:25
each and every single day.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•.
07:26
You know, places like Iraq and Afghanistan,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืขื™ืจืืง ื•ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ,
07:28
where they need these weapons to be able to maintain law and order,
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ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ืืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื—ื•ืง ื•ืกื“ืจ,
07:32
promote peace and security, to combat terror groups --
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ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ --
07:35
surely this is a good thing.
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ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
07:38
Let's take a look at that assumption for just one moment,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืจื’ืข ืื—ื“,
07:41
because you see there has been a boom in the small-arms trade
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ื›ื™, ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืงืœื™ื
07:45
since the start of the War on Terror.
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ืžืื– ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
07:47
In fact, it is a business that has grown threefold
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ืขืกืง ืฉืฉื™ืœืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•
07:50
over the past 15 years.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 15 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
07:52
And now let's compare that to the number of people
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ื–ืืช ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
07:56
who have directly died in armed conflict around the world
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ืฉืžืชื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื
08:00
in that same period.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”.
08:01
What do you notice?
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ืžื” ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื?
08:03
Well, you notice that, in fact, that also goes up
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ืื– ื‘ืขืฆื ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”
08:05
roughly three- to fourfold.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืœืคื™ ืืจื‘ืข.
08:07
They basically go up and end at the same point.
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
08:11
Now, we can have a circular argument here
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™
08:14
about whether this increase in fatalities is a response
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ืื ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”
08:18
to the increase of small arms, or the other way around.
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ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ืงืœื™ื, ืื• ืœื”ืคืš.
08:22
But here's what we should really take away from this.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื”.
08:24
What we should take away from this
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื”
08:26
is that this is a relationship worth scrutinizing,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื—ืงื•ืจ.
08:31
especially when you consider that small arms that were shipped to Iraq
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืงืœื™ื ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื• ืœืขื™ืจืืง,
08:36
for use by the Iraqi Army,
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ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื‘ื ืขื™ืจืืง,
08:38
or to Syria for so-called moderate opposition fighters,
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ืื• ืœืกื•ืจื™ื”, ืœืืœื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืดืœื•ื—ืžื™ ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”ืด,
08:41
that those arms, many of them, are now in the hands of ISIS;
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ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ืืœื” ื›ืขืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืืขืฉ.
08:46
or when you consider that arms that were shipped to Libya
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ืื• ื›ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื• ืœืœื•ื‘
08:48
are now actively drifting across the Sahel,
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ื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ืขืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ืกืื”ืœ,
08:51
and ending up with groups like Boko Haram and al Qaeda
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ื•ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื•ืงื• ื—ืจืื, ืืœืงืืขื“ื”
08:56
and other militant groups.
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ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ื.
08:59
And therein lies the problem.
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ื•ืคื” ืงื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœื‘.
09:02
Because, you see,
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ื›ื™, ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื,
09:03
small arms anywhere are a menace everywhere,
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ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืงืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
09:09
because their first stop is rarely their last.
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ื›ื™ ื ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืชื—ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
09:14
Spending on war per person per year
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ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ืœืื“ื, ืœืฉื ื”,
09:17
now amounts to about 249 dollars --
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ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื›-249 ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื --
09:21
249 dollars per person,
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249 ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืœืื“ื,
09:23
which is roughly 12 times what we spend on foreign aid,
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ 12 ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื—ื•ืฅ,
09:28
money that is used to educate and vaccinate children
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ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื ืš ื•ืœื—ืกืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
09:32
and combat malnutrition in the Global South.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
09:35
But we can shift that balance.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
09:39
How do we do this?
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ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
09:40
Well, it is essentially a problem of both supply and demand,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ,
09:43
so we can tackle it from both sides.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช
09:45
On the supply side,
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข,
09:47
we can push our governments
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
09:50
to adopt international arms transparency mechanisms
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ืœืืžืฅ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื”
09:53
like the Arms Trade Treaty,
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ื›ืžื• ืืžื ืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื ืฉืง,
09:55
which makes it so that rich countries have to be more accountable
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ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช
09:59
for where their arms are going
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ืœืืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื
10:01
and what their arms might be used for.
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ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื.
10:03
Here in the United States,
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ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
10:04
the largest arms-exporting country in the world by far,
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ื™ืฆื•ืื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
10:09
President Obama has rightly signed the Arms Trade Treaty,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื—ืชื, ื‘ืฆื“ืง, ืขืœ ืืžื ืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื ืฉืง.
10:13
but none of it takes effect, it isn't binding,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉืคื™ืข, ื–ื” ืœื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘,
10:16
until it is approved and ratified by the Senate.
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ืขื“ ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ืฉืจืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื ืื˜.
10:20
This is where we need to make our voices heard.
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ืฉื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
10:23
You know, the curbing of small arms --
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ืงืœื™ื --
10:27
it's not going to solve the problem of war.
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ืœื ื™ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช.
10:30
Increased control mechanisms won't solve that problem.
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ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืœื ื™ืคืชืจื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
10:33
But it's an important step in the right direction.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืฆืขื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
10:36
And it's up to all of us who live in those rich countries
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื•, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช,
10:39
to make change here.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
10:41
What about on the demand side?
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ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ?
10:45
You know, there are generations around the world
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื
10:48
who are being lost to war.
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ืžืงืคื—ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช.
10:51
It is possible to disrupt that cycle of violence
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื˜ื•ืข ืืช ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช
10:54
with investments in education, in strengthening the rule of law
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง
10:58
and in economic development, especially for women.
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ื•ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืฉื™ื.
11:00
I have personally seen
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื• ืขื™ื ื™ื™
11:02
just how incredibly powerful those kinds of efforts can be
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ื›ืžื” ืขืฆืžืชื™ื™ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
11:05
around the world.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
11:07
But here's the thing:
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“:
11:08
they take time,
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ื”ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื–ืžืŸ,
11:10
which means for you as individuals, if you want to give,
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื,
11:14
please, by all means do it.
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื.
11:16
But know that how you give is just as important
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ืขื• ืฉื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืืชื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช
11:19
as how much you give.
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ืžื›ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื.
11:22
Regular contributions like monthly contributions
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ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืžืฉืœ,
11:24
are a far more effective way of giving,
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ื”ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืชืจื•ื
11:27
because they allow humanitarian organizations
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ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื
11:30
to properly plan and be invested over the long term,
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ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš,
11:35
and to be present in the lives of families who have been affected by war,
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ืžืžืœื—ืžื•ืช,
11:40
wars that many of us, frankly, all too quickly forget.
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ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ืžื“ื™.
11:45
When I first got on that plane for Somalia as a young doctor,
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ื›ืฉืจืง ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืœืกื•ืžืœื™ื” ื›ืจื•ืคืื” ืฆืขื™ืจื”,
11:52
I had no idea what it meant to live with war.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืช ืžืœื—ืžื”.
11:57
But I can tell you that I know what it means now.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ.
12:00
And I know what it means
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
12:03
to lie in bed in the pitch-black night
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ืœืฉื›ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืืคืœ
12:08
and listen to that haunting "pop-pop-pop-pop-pop!"
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ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ื ื•ืจื:
12:13
of automatic gunfire,
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ืฉืœ ื™ืจื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืื™,
12:16
and wonder with absolute dread
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ื•ืœืชื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืžื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช
12:19
how many minutes I have left until it will be right on top of me.
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ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื™ ืขื“ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืžืžืฉ ืืœื™ื™.
12:23
I can tell you that it is a terrifying and agonizing fear,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื” ืคื—ื“ ืžื–ืขื–ืข ื•ืžื™ื™ืกืจ,
12:28
one that millions of people around the world are forced to confront
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ืคื—ื“ ืฉืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื™ืžื•
12:32
each and every single day,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•,
12:35
especially children.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
12:37
Over the years of doing this work,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•,
12:40
unfortunately, war has killed far too many people close to me.
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ื‘ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื™.
12:46
And on at least a couple of occasions,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื
12:49
war has very nearly killed me as well.
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ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ืจื’ื” ื’ื ืื•ืชื™.
12:53
But I firmly believe,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื™,
12:58
which is why I get up and do what I do every single day,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงืžื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”,
13:01
that we can make different choices here.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื—ืจืช.
13:05
Because you see, war is ours,
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ื›ื™, ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
13:08
as human beings.
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ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
13:09
We buy it, sell it, spread it and wage it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ื ื™ื, ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื, ืžืคื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืžืžืžื ื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
13:13
We are therefore not powerless to solve it.
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœื ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชื”.
13:18
On the contrary,
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ื ื”ืคื•ืš ื”ื•ื,
13:20
we are the only ones who can.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
13:23
Thank you very much, and I want to wish you the greatest success.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื, ืื ื™ ืžืื—ืœืช ืœื›ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
13:26
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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