Aaron Koblin: Artfully visualizing our humanity

146,105 views ใƒป 2011-05-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yael BST ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
So I think data can actually make us more human.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
00:19
We're collecting and creating all kinds of data about how we're living our lives,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
00:22
and it's enabling us to tell some amazing stories.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
00:24
Recently, a wise media theorist Tweeted,
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืชืื•ืจื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื—ื›ื ืฆื™ื™ืฅ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ,
00:27
"The 19th century culture was defined by the novel,
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"ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-19 ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช,
00:29
the 20th century culture was defined by the cinema,
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ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข,
00:31
and the culture of the 21st century
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ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21
00:33
will be defined by the interface."
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ืชื•ื’ื“ืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืง."
00:35
And I believe this is going to prove true.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืชื’ืœื” ื›ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
00:37
Our lives are being driven by data,
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืข"ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
00:39
and the presentation of that data is an opportunity
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ื•ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
00:41
for us to make some amazing interfaces that tell great stories.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื.
00:43
So I'm going to show you a few of the projects
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื
00:45
that I've been working on over the last couple years
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ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
00:47
that reflect on our lives and our systems.
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ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
00:49
This is a project called Flight Patterns.
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ื–ื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื ืงืจื "ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื˜ื™ืกื”".
00:51
What you're looking at is airplane traffic
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ื” ืชื ื•ืขืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื
00:53
over North America for a 24-hour period.
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ืžืขืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช.
00:56
As you see, everything starts to fade to black,
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืื™ืš ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืขืžืขื ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฉื—ื•ืจ,
00:58
and you see people going to sleep.
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
01:00
Followed by that, you see on the West coast
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ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื–ื”, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™
01:02
planes moving across, the red-eye flights to the East coast.
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ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™.
01:05
And you'll see everybody waking up on the East coast,
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ื•ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™,
01:08
followed by European flights coming in the upper right-hand corner.
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ื•ืื– ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”.
01:11
Everybody's moving from the East coast to the West coast.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื ืขื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™.
01:14
You see San Francisco and Los Angeles
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื• ื•ืืช ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก
01:16
start to make their journeys down to Hawaii in the lower left-hand corner.
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ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื“ืจื›ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”.
01:19
I think it's one thing to say there's 140,000 planes
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ 140,000 ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื
01:21
being monitored by the federal government at any one time,
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ืฉื ืฆืคื™ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ,
01:24
and it's another thing to see that system as it ebbs and flows.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืคืœ ืฉืœื”.
01:29
This is a time-lapse image of that exact same data,
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ื–ื” ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžื•ืืฅ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง,
01:31
but I've color-coded it by type,
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ืœืงืชื™ ืื•ืชื ืœืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื’,
01:33
so you can see the diversity of aircraft that are in the skies above us.
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ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืก ืฉื‘ืจืงื™ืข ืžืขืœื™ื ื•.
01:36
And I started making these, and I put them into Google Maps
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœ"ื’ื•ื’ืœ-ืžืคื•ืช"
01:39
and allow you to zoom in and see individual airports
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ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื
01:41
and the patterns that are occurring there.
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ื•ืืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
01:43
So here we can see the white represents low altitudes,
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื,
01:46
and the blue are higher altitudes.
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ื•ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื.
01:48
And you can zoom in. This is taking a look at Atlanta.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ืื˜ืœื ื”.
01:50
You can see this is a major shipping airport,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืฉื“ื” ืชืขื•ืคื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
01:52
and there's all kinds of activity there.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื.
01:54
You can also toggle between altitude
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื
01:57
for model and manufacturer.
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ืœืคื™ ื“ื’ื ื•ื™ืฆืจืŸ.
01:59
See again, the diversity.
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ.
02:01
And you can scroll around and see
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ืœื•ืœ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช
02:03
some of the different airports and the different patterns that they have.
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ื›ืžื” ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ื•ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
02:06
This is scrolling up the East coast.
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ืคื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™.
02:08
You can see some of the chaos that's happening in New York
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืžื”ื›ืื•ืก ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง
02:10
with the air traffic controllers
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ืขื ืคืงื—ื™ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”
02:12
having to deal with all those major airports next to each other.
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ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
02:17
So zooming back out real quick,
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืชืจื—ืง ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช,
02:19
we see, again, the U.S. -- you get Florida down in the right-hand corner.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช.
02:22
Moving across to the West coast,
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ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™,
02:24
you see San Francisco and Los Angeles --
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืืช ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื• ื•ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก -
02:26
big low-traffic zones
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ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื“ืœื™ืœื”
02:28
across Nevada and Arizona.
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื ื‘ืื“ื” ื•ืืจื™ื–ื•ื ื”.
02:30
And that's us down there in L.A. and Long Beach on the bottom.
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ื•ืคื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืœ.ืื™ื™ ื•ืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฅ' ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช.
02:36
I started taking a look as well at different perimeters,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื,
02:38
because you can choose what you want to pull out from the data.
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ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื” ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืœืฅ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
02:40
This is looking at ascending versus descending flights.
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ื–ื• ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ืžืžืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื ื•ื—ืชื•ืช.
02:43
And you can see, over time, the ways the airports change.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ, ืื™ืš ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืžืฉืชื ื™ื.
02:45
You see the holding patterns that start to develop
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื“ืขื™ื›ื” ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื—
02:47
in the bottom of the screen.
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ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืกืš.
02:49
And you can see, eventually the airport actually flips directions.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ืื™ืš ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืžืžืฉ ื”ื•ืคืš ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
02:53
So this is another project that I worked on with the Sensible Cities Lab at MIT.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื Sensible Cities Lab ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜.
02:56
This is visualizing international communications.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
02:58
So it's how New York communicates
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื” ืื™ืš ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ืžืชืงืฉืจืช
03:00
with other international cities.
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ืขื ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
03:02
And we set this up as a live globe in the Museum of Modern Art in New York
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ื•ื”ืฆื‘ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง
03:05
for the Design the Elastic Mind exhibition.
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ "ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืืœืกื˜ื™ืช"
03:07
And it had a live feed with a 24-hour offset,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื–ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช,
03:09
so you could see the changing relationship
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื
03:11
and some demographic info
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื“ืข ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™
03:13
coming through AT&T's data and revealing itself.
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ืฉื–ืจื ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ AT&T (ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื˜ืœื’ืจืฃ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช) ื•ื—ืฉืฃ ืขืฆืžื•.
03:16
This is another project I worked on with Sensible Cities Lab
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ื–ื”ื• ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื Sensible Cities Lab.
03:18
and CurrentCity.org.
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ื•ืขื CurrentCity.org.
03:20
And it's visualizing SMS messages being sent in the city of Amsterdam.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืจื•ื ื™ SMS ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื.
03:23
So you're seeing the daily ebb and flow
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ืื– ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืคืœ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื
03:25
of people sending SMS messages from different parts of the city,
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ื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžืกืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
03:27
until we approach New Year's Eve, where everybody says, "Happy New Year!"
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ืขื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉืื– ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืฉื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”!"
03:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:32
So this is an interactive tool
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
03:34
that you can move around and see different parts of the city.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
03:37
This is looking at another event. This is called Queen's Day.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื ืงืจื Queen's Day ("ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืœื›ื”").
03:40
So again, you get this daily ebb and flow
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืคืœ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื’ืจืชื™ื™ื
03:42
of people sending SMS messages from different parts of the city.
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžืกืจื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ืœืงื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ
03:45
And then you're going to see people start to gather in the center of the city
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ื•ืื– ืชืจืื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืืกืฃ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ
03:47
to celebrate the night before,
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ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ ืฉืœืคื ื™
03:49
which happens right here.
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ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืืŸ.
03:51
And then you can see people celebrating the next day.
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ื•ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœืžื—ืจืช.
03:53
And you can pause it and step back and forth and see different phases.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ื•ืจื” ื•ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
03:56
So now on to something completely different.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
03:58
Some of you may recognize this.
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ื—ืœืงื›ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื–ื”ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
04:00
This is Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen's mechanical chess playing machine.
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ื–ื”ื• "ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™" - ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื—ืงืช ืฉื—ืžื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืœืคื’ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืžืคืœืŸ.
04:03
And it's this amazing robot that plays chess extremely well,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื›ื–ื” ืฉืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื—ืžื˜ ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘,
04:05
except for one thing: it's not a robot at all.
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ืœืžืขื˜ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืื—ืช: ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜.
04:08
There's actually a legless man that sits in that box
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืื“ื ืœืœื ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื•ืคืกื”
04:10
and controls this chess player.
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ื•ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืžื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
04:12
This was the inspiration for a web service by Amazon
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™
04:14
called the Mechanical Turk -- named after this guy.
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ืฉื ืงืจื "ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ ื”ืžื›ื ื™" - ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื–ื”.
04:17
And it's based on the premise that there are certain things
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื
04:19
that are easy for people, but really difficult for computers.
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ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืงืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
04:21
So they made this web service and said,
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ืื– ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจื•,
04:23
"Any programmer can write a piece of software
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"ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืงื˜ืข ืชื•ื›ื ื”
04:25
and tap into the minds of thousands of people."
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื."
04:27
The nerdy side of me thought, "Wow, this is amazing.
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ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ "ื•ื•ื•ืื•, ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
04:29
I can tap into thousands of people's minds."
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื."
04:31
And the other nerdy side of me thought,
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ื•ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘,
04:33
"This is horrible. This is completely bizarre.
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"ื–ื” ื ื•ืจื. ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื•ื–ืจ.
04:36
What does this mean for the future of mankind,
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™,
04:38
where we're all plugged into this borg?"
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ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•?"
04:40
I was probably being a little extreme.
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืงืฆืช ื”ื’ื–ืžืชื™
04:42
But what does this mean when we have no context for what it is that we're working on,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘,
04:44
and we're just doing these little labors?
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืกืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช?
04:46
So I created this drawing tool.
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ืื– ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
04:48
I asked people to draw a sheep facing to the left.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ืฉื” ืขื ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ.
04:50
And I said, "I'll pay you two cents for your contribution."
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™: "ืื ื™ ืืฉืœื ืฉื ื™ ืกื ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื›ื."
04:52
And I started collecting sheep.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื.
04:55
And I collected a lot, a lot of different sheep.
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ื•ืืกืคืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื.
04:59
Lots of sheep.
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ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื.
05:01
I took the first 10,000 sheep that I collected,
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ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช 10,000 ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืืกืคืชื™,
05:03
and I put them on a website called TheSheepMarket.com
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ื•ื”ืขืœืืชื™ ืื•ืชื ืœืืชืจ ืฉื ืงืจื "ืฉื•ืง ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื"
05:06
where you can actually buy collections of 20 sheep.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืžืžืฉ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ 20 ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื.
05:09
You can't pick individual sheep,
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื›ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช,
05:11
but you can buy a single plate block of stamps as a commodity.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืจืฆืฃ ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ.
05:15
And juxtaposed against this grid,
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ื•ืœืฆื“ ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื™ื,
05:17
you see actually, by rolling over each individual one,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช, ืข"ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืื—ืช,
05:19
the humanity behind this hugely mechanical process.
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ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืกืชืชืจืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืžื›ื ื™ ื”ื–ื”.
05:22
I think there's something really interesting
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
05:24
to watching people as they go through this creative toil --
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ื‘ืœื”ืชืœื•ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื™ื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” -
05:27
something we can all relate to,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืื™ืชื•,
05:29
this creative process of trying to come up with something from nothing.
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืŸ.
05:32
I think it was really interesting to juxtapose this humanity
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื”
05:34
versus this massive distributed grid.
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืืกื” ื”ืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
05:36
Kind of amazing what some people did.
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ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืขืฉื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
05:39
So here's a few statistics from the project.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
05:41
Approximate collection rate of 11 sheep per hour,
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ื›-11 ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื•ื•ืกืคื• ืœืื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื”,
05:43
which would make a working wage of 69 cents per hour.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื•ื 69 ืกื ื˜ ืœืฉืขื”.
05:46
There were 662 rejected sheep
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ื”ื™ื• 662 ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื•
05:48
that didn't meet "sheep-like" criteria and were thrown out of the flock.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ืฉื” ื•ื ื–ืจืงื• ืžื”ืขื“ืจ.
05:51
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:53
The amount of time spent drawing ranged from four seconds to 46 minutes.
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœ 46 ื“ืงื•ืช.
05:56
That gives you an idea of the different types of motivations and dedication.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื”.
05:59
And there were 7,599 people that contributed to the project,
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ื•ื”ื™ื• 7,599 ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืงื—ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜,
06:02
or were unique IP addresses --
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”- IP ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช -
06:04
so about how many people contributed.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืงื—ื• ื—ืœืง.
06:06
But only one of them out of the 7,599 said this.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืื•ืชื 7,599 ืืžืจ ืืช ื–ื” - ("ืœืžื”? ืœืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?")
06:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:14
Which I was pretty surprised by.
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ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ื”ืคืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื™.
06:16
I expected people to be wondering, "Why did I draw a sheep?"
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ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื”ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ "ืœืžื” ืฆื™ื™ืจืชื™ ื›ื‘ืฉื”?"
06:19
And I think it's a pretty valid question.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช.
06:21
And there's a lot of reasons why I chose sheep.
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ื•ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ื‘ืฉื”.
06:23
Sheep were the first animal
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ื›ื‘ืฉื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
06:25
to be raised from mechanically processed byproducts,
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ืฉื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืคืงืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžื”ื ืข"ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
06:27
the first to be selectively bred for production traits,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ืกืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื—ืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช
06:29
the first animal to be cloned.
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ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืฉื•ื‘ื˜ื”
06:31
Obviously, we think of sheep as followers.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ื›"ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืขื“ืจ".
06:33
And there's this reference to "Le Petit Prince"
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœ "ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื”ืงื˜ืŸ"
06:35
where the narrator asks the prince to draw a sheep.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืข"ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืœื• ื›ื‘ืฉื”.
06:37
He draws sheep after sheep.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืฉื”.
06:39
The narrator's only appeased when he draws a box.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ืคืกื” ื“ืขืชื• ืจืง ื›ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจ ืœื• ืงื•ืคืกื”.
06:41
And he says, "It's not about a scientific rendering of a sheep.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: "ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ื”ืขืชืง ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืฉื”,
06:43
It's about your own interpretation and doing something different."
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ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืš, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื”."
06:46
And I like that.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™.
06:48
So this is a clip from Charlie Chaplin's "Modern Times."
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืœื™ืค ืžืชื•ืš ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืฆ'ืจืœื™ ืฆ'ืคืœื™ืŸ "ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื"
06:50
It's showing Charlie Chaplin dealing with some of the major changes
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ืฆ'ืจืœื™ ืฆ'ืคืœื™ืŸ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืื“ื™ืจื™ื
06:53
during the Industrial Revolution.
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ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื™ืชื” ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ืชื™ืช.
06:55
So there were no longer shoe makers,
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ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื ื“ืœืจื™ื
06:57
but now there are people slapping soles on people's shoes.
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ืืœื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:59
And the whole idea of one's relationship to their work changed a lot.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืžืื•ื“.
07:02
So I thought this was an interesting clip
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืงืœื™ืค ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
07:04
to divide into 16 pieces
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ืœื—ืœืง ืื•ืชื• ืœ 16 ืงื˜ืขื™ื
07:06
and feed into the Mechanical Turk with a drawing tool.
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ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœ"ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ ื”ืžื›ื ื™" ืขื ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ.
07:09
This basically allowed -- what you see on the left side is the original frame,
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ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ - ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ื–ื” ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™,
07:12
and on the right side you see that frame
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ื•ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืงื˜ืข
07:14
as interpreted by 16 people
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคื•ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ 16 ืื ืฉื™ื
07:16
who have no idea what it is they're doing.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
07:18
And this was the inspiration for a project
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜
07:20
that I worked on with my friend Takashi Kawashima.
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ืขืœื™ื• ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ Takashi Kawashima.
07:22
We decided to use the Mechanical Turk for exactly what it was meant for,
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘"ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ ื”ืžื›ื ื™" ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื”,
07:24
which is making money.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ.
07:26
So we took a hundred dollar bill and divided it into 10,000 teeny pieces,
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ืื– ืœืงื—ื ื• ืฉื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืื” ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื—ืœื™ืงื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœ 10,000 ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื•ืช.
07:29
and we fed those into the Mechanical Turk.
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ื•ื”ื–ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœ"ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ ื”ืžื›ื ื™"
07:31
We asked people to draw what it was that they saw.
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื.
07:33
But here there was no sheep-like criteria.
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ืจืง ืฉืคื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ "ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ืฉื”".
07:35
People, if they drew a stick figure or a smiley face,
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ืื ืฉื™ื, ื’ื ืื ืฆื™ื™ืจื• ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืงืœื•ืช ืื• ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืกืžื™ื™ืœื™,
07:38
it actually made it into the bill.
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ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ.
07:40
So what you see is actually a representation of how well people did
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฉืงืฃ ื‘ืขืฆื ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
07:42
what it was they were asked to do.
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ื‘ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
07:44
So we took these hundred dollar bills,
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ืื– ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืื” ื“ื•ืœืจ,
07:46
and we put them on a website called TenThousandsCents.com,
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ื•ื”ืขืœื ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืืชืจ ืฉื ืงืจื "ืขืฉืจืช ืืœืคื™ื ืกื ื˜",
07:48
where you can browse through and see all the individual contributions.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช.
07:51
And you can also trade real hundred-dollar bills for fake hundred-dollar bills
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช ืืžืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืื” ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื
07:54
and make a donation to the Hundred Dollar Laptop Project,
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ื•ื›ืš ืœืชืช ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ "ืœืคื˜ื•ืค ื‘ืžืื” ื“ื•ืœืจ",
07:57
which is now known as One Laptop Per Child.
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ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื "ืœืคื˜ื•ืค ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“".
08:00
This is again showing all the different contributions.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืจืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
08:02
You see some people did beautiful stipple renderings,
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆืจื• ื”ืขืชืงื™ื ื™ืคื”ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช,
08:04
like this one on top --
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ืคื” ืœืžืขืœื”
08:06
spent a long time making realistic versions.
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ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื’ืจืกื” ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
08:09
And other people would draw stick figures or smiley faces.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจื• ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืงืœื•ืช ื•ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ ืกืžื™ื™ืœื™.
08:12
Here on the right-hand side in the middle
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ืคื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืข
08:14
you see this one guy writing, "$0.01!!! Really?"
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ "$0.01!!! ื‘ืืžืช?"
08:17
That's all I'm getting paid for this?
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ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”?
08:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:23
So the last Mechanical Turk project I'm going to talk to you about
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ื•ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ "ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ ื”ืžื›ื ื™" ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•
08:25
is called Bicycle Built for 2000.
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ื ืงืจื "ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ืœ 2000"
08:27
This is a collaboration with my friend Daniel Massey.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ Daniel Massey.
08:29
You may recognize these two guys.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื•
08:31
This is Max Mathews and John Kelly from Bell Labs in the '60s,
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ื–ื”ื• Max Mathews ื• John Kelly ืžืžืขื‘ื“ืช Bell ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60.
08:34
where they created the song "Daisy Bell,"
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ืฉื ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื ืงื "ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™ ื‘ืœ",
08:36
which was the world's first singing computer.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืžื–ืžืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:38
You may recognize it from "2001: A Space Odyssey."
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืž "2011: ืื•ื“ื™ืกื™ืื” ื‘ื—ืœืœ".
08:40
When HAL's dying at the end of the film he starts singing this song,
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ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืจื˜ ื›ืฉื”ืืœ ื’ื•ืกืก, ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
08:43
as a reference to when computers became human.
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ื›ืžืขื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
08:46
So we resynthesized this song.
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ืื– ื”ื›ื ืกื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืœืกื™ื ื˜ื™ืกื™ื–ืจ.
08:48
This is what that sounded like.
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ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข
08:50
We broke down all the individual notes
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ืคื™ืฆืœื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื
08:52
in the singing as well as the phonemes in the singing.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืจื”
08:55
Daisy Bell: โ™ซ Daisy, Daisy ... โ™ซ
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ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™ ื‘ืœ: โ™ซ ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™, ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™...โ™ซ
08:59
Aaron Koblin: And we took all of those individual pieces,
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ื•ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
09:01
and we fed them into another Turk request.
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ื•ื”ื–ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืขื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘"ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ ื”ืžื›ื ื™".
09:03
This is what it would look like if you went to the site.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืชืจืื• ืื ืชื›ื ืกื• ืœืืชืจ.
09:05
You type in your code,
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ืืชื ืžืงืœื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœื›ื,
09:07
but you first test your mic.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื.
09:09
You'd be fed a simple audio clip.
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ื™ื•ื’ืฉ ืœื›ื ืงื˜ืข ืื•ื“ื™ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜.
09:11
(Honk)
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(ืฆืคื™ืจื”)
09:13
And then you'd do your best to recreate that with your own voice.
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ื•ืื– ืืชื ืชืขืฉื• ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื‘ืงื•ืœื›ื.
09:22
After previewing it and confirming it's what you submitted,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืžืขื” ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืœื˜ืชื,
09:25
you could submit it into the Mechanical Turk with no other context.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื–ื” ืœ"ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ ื”ืžื›ื ื™" ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื•ื ืคืจื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ.
09:28
And this is what we first got back from the very first set of submissions.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”, ื‘ืกื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืœื ื•.
09:31
Recording: โ™ซ Daisy, Daisy โ™ซ
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ื”ืงืœื˜ื”: โ™ซ ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™, ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™ โ™ซ
09:36
โ™ซ give me your answer do โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืชื ื™ ืœื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช โ™ซ
09:41
โ™ซ I'm half crazy โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืฉืชื’ืข โ™ซ
09:45
โ™ซ all for the love of you โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืืœื™ืš โ™ซ
09:50
โ™ซ It can't be a stylish marriage โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ื–ื• ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืชื•ื ืช ื™ื•ืงืจื” โ™ซ
09:55
โ™ซ I can't afford a carriage โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืœื›ืจื›ืจื” โ™ซ
09:59
โ™ซ But you'll look sweet upon the seat โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื‘ืœ ืืช ืชื™ืจืื™ ืžืชื•ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ โ™ซ
10:04
โ™ซ of a bicycle built for two โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื โ™ซ
10:09
AK: So James Surowieki has this idea of the wisdom of crowds,
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ืœ- James Surowieki ื™ืฉ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ื›ืžืช ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ,
10:12
that says that a whole bunch of people are smarter than any individual.
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ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“.
10:15
We wanted to see how this applies to collaborative, distributed music making,
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืชื•ืคืก ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจืช ืขื ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”,
10:18
where nobody has any idea what it is they're working on.
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ื›ืฉืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
10:21
So if you go to the BicycleBuiltforTwoThousand.com
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ืื– ืื ืชื’ืœืฉื• ืœืืชืจ "ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ืœืืœืคื™ื™ื"
10:23
you can actually hear what all this sounds like together.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื™ื—ื“.
10:25
I'm sorry for this.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื ืฆืœ.
10:27
(Noise)
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(ืจืขืฉ)
10:32
Chorus: โ™ซ Daisy, Daisy โ™ซ
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ืคื–ืžื•ืŸ: โ™ซ ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™, ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™ โ™ซ
10:36
โ™ซ Give me your answer do โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืชื ื™ ืœื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช โ™ซ
10:41
โ™ซ I'm half crazy โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืฉืชื’ืข โ™ซ
10:46
โ™ซ all for the love of you โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืืœื™ืš โ™ซ
10:50
โ™ซ It can't be a stylish marriage โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ื–ื• ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืชื•ื ืช ื™ื•ืงืจื” โ™ซ
10:55
โ™ซ I can't afford a carriage โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืœื›ืจื›ืจื” โ™ซ
10:59
โ™ซ But you'd look sweet upon the seat โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื‘ืœ ืืช ืชื™ืจืื™ ืžืชื•ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ โ™ซ
11:04
โ™ซ of a bicycle built for two โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื โ™ซ
11:10
AK: So stepping back for a quick second,
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ืื– ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœืจื’ืข,
11:13
when I was at UCLA going to grad school,
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ื›ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
11:15
I was also working at a place called the Center for Embedded Network Sensing.
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืงืจื "ื”ืžื›ืจื– ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืžืขื•ืช ื—ื™ืฉื”"
11:18
And I was writing software to visualize laser scanners.
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ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืžื“ืžื” ืกื•ืจืงื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ.
11:21
So basically motion through 3D space.
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ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ - ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ืœืœ ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™.
11:23
And this was seen by a director in L.A. named James Frost
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ื•ื‘ืžืื™ ืžืืœ.ืื™ ื‘ืฉื James Frost ืจืื” ืืช ื–ื”
11:25
who said, "Wait a minute.
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ื•ืืžืจ "ืจื’ืข.
11:27
You mean we can shoot a music video without actually using any video?"
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืœื ืกืจื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื•?"
11:29
So we did exactly that.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•.
11:31
We made a music video for one of my favorite bands, Radiohead.
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ืœืื—ืช ืžื”ืœื”ืงื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™, ืจื“ื™ื•ื”ื“.
11:33
And I think one of my favorite parts of this project
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”
11:35
was not just shooting a video with lasers,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืฉื™ืฆืœืžื ื• ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืขื ืœื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื,
11:37
but we also open sourced it,
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ืืœื ืฉื’ื ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—,
11:39
and we made it released as a Google Code project,
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ื•ืฉื—ืจืจื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘"ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืงื•ื“",
11:41
where people could download a bunch of the data and some source code
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื’ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื—ืœืง ืžืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ
11:43
to build their own versions of it.
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ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืžืฉืœื”ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
11:45
And people were making some amazing things.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
11:47
This is actually two of my favorites:
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ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“:
11:49
the pin-board Thom Yorke and a LEGO Thom Yorke.
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Thom Yorke ื‘ืžืฉื˜ื— ืกื™ื›ื•ืช ื• Thom Yorke ื‘ืœื’ื•.
11:51
A whole YouTube channel of people submitting really interesting content.
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ืขืจื•ืฅ ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ื•-ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืชืžืœื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
11:54
More recently, somebody even 3D-printed Thom Yorke's head,
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื“ืคืกื” ืชืœืช ืžืžื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ Thom Yorke.
11:57
which is a little creepy, but pretty cool.
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ืฉื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืžืคื—ื™ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื“ื™ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘.
12:00
So with everybody making so much amazing stuff
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ืื– ืขื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื
12:02
and actually understanding what it was they were working on,
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ื•ื’ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
12:05
I was really interested in trying to make a collaborative project
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ืžืื•ื“ ืกื™ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
12:07
where people were working together to build something.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
12:09
And I met a music video director named Chris Milk.
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ื•ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื ื‘ืžืื™ ืงืœื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื Chris Milk.
12:11
And we started bouncing around ideas
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
12:13
to make a collaborative music video project.
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ืœื”ืงื™ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืœื™ืค ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”
12:15
But we knew we really needed the right person
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ
12:17
to kind of rally behind and build something for.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื™ืกื—ืคื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•.
12:20
So we put the idea on the back burner for a few months.
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ืื– ื›ื›ื” ืฉืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ืืฉ ืงื˜ื ื” ืœื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
12:22
And he ended up talking to Rick Rubin,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขื Rick Rubin,
12:24
who was finishing up Johnny Cash's final album
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ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืืœื‘ื•ืžื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Johnny Cash
12:26
called "Ain't No Grave."
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ืฉื ืงืจื "ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงื‘ืจ".
12:28
The lyrics to the leading track are "Ain't no grave can hold my body down."
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ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืžืžื ื• ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืžื• "ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžื˜ื”"
12:31
So we thought this was the perfect
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ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื
12:33
project to build a collaborative memorial
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ืœื”ืงื™ื ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื›ื”ื ืฆื—ื”
12:35
and a virtual resurrection for Johnny Cash.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช Johnny Cash.
12:37
So I teamed up with my good friend Ricardo Cabello, also known as Mr. doob,
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ืื– ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ Ricardo Cabello ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื› Mr. doob,
12:40
who's a much better programmer than I am,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืžืžื ื™,
12:42
and he made this amazing Flash drawing tool.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ื›ืœื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืคืœืืฉ.
12:44
As you know,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
12:46
an animation is a series of images.
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ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
12:48
So what we did was cross-cut a bunch of archival footage of Johnny Cash,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืขืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ Johnny Cash,
12:51
and at eight frames a second,
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ื•ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ 8 ืคืจื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื”,
12:53
we allowed individuals to draw a single frame
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ืืคืฉืจื ื• ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“
12:55
that would get woven into
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ืฉื™ื™ืฉื–ืจ
12:57
this dynamically changing music video.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ืค ื“ื™ื ืืžื™.
12:59
So I don't have time to play the entire thing for you,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงืœื™ืค,
13:01
but I want to show you two short clips.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืฉื ื™ ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื.
13:03
One is the beginning of the music video.
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ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื™ืค.
13:05
And that's going to be followed by a short clip
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ืงื˜ืข ืงืฆืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ
13:07
of people who have already contributed to the project
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœืงื—ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜
13:09
talking about it briefly.
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ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืงืฆืจื”.
13:12
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
13:18
(Video) Johnny Cash: โ™ซ There ain't no grave โ™ซ
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(ืกืจื˜) Johnny Cash: โ™ซ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงื‘ืจ โ™ซ
13:20
โ™ซ can hold my body down โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžื˜ื” โ™ซ
13:24
โ™ซ There ain't no grave โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงื‘ืจ โ™ซ
13:26
โ™ซ can hold body down โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžื˜ื” โ™ซ
13:30
โ™ซ When I hear the trumpet sound โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ื›ืฉืืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช โ™ซ
13:34
โ™ซ I'm going to ride right out of the ground โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืืฆื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื“ืžื” โ™ซ
13:36
โ™ซ Ain't no grave โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงื‘ืจ โ™ซ
13:39
โ™ซ can hold my body ... โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžื˜ื” โ™ซ
13:42
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:44
AK: What better way to pay tribute to the man
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ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ืื“ื
13:47
than to make something for one of his songs.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•.
13:50
Collaborator: I felt really sad when he died.
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ืžืฉืชืชืฃ: ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืขืฆื•ื‘ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืช.
13:52
And I just thought it'd be wonderful,
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ,
13:54
it'd be really nice to contribute something to his memory.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ื—ืžื“ ืœืชืจื•ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื–ื™ื›ืจื•.
13:57
Collaborator Two: It really allows
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ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืฉื ื™: ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื ื•ืชืŸ
13:59
this last recording of his
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ืœื”ืงืœื˜ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•
14:02
to be a living, breathing memorial.
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืคืขืœ ื”ื ืฆื—ื” ื—ื™ ื•ื ื•ืฉื.
14:07
Collaborator Three: For all of the frames to be drawn by fans,
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ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™: ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ืจื• ืข"ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื,
14:10
each individual frame,
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ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื™ื,
14:12
it's got a very powerful feeling to it.
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ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื–ื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช.
14:14
Collaborator Four: I've seen everybody
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ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™: ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื,
14:16
from Japan, Venezuela, to the States,
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ืžื™ืคืŸ, ื•ื ืฆื•ืืœื”, ืืจื”"ื‘,
14:18
to Knoxville, Tennessee.
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ื•ืขื“ ื ื•ืงืกื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื ืกื™.
14:20
Collaborator Five: As much as is different from frame to frame,
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ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™: ื›ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื•ืคืจื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”,
14:23
it really is personal.
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ื›ืš ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืื•ื“ ืื™ืฉื™.
14:25
Collaborator Six: Watching the video in my room,
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ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืฉื™ืฉื™: ื›ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงืœื™ืค ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืœื™,
14:27
I could see me not understanding at the beginning of it.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™.
14:30
And I just worked and worked through problems,
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช,
14:33
until my little wee battles that I was fighting within the picture
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ืขื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉื ืœื—ืžืชื™ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”
14:37
all began to resolve themselves.
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ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื.
14:40
You can actually see the point when I know what I'm doing,
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ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืžืžืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”,
14:42
and a lot of light and dark comes into it.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื•ืจ ื•ื—ื•ืฉืš ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชืžื•ื ื”.
14:45
And in a weird way,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ,
14:47
that's what I actually like about Johnny Cash's music as well.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื’ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ Johnny Cash.
14:49
It's the sum total of his life,
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ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
14:51
all the things that had happened --
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงืจื• ืœื• -
14:53
the bad things, the good things.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
14:55
You're hearing a person's life.
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ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื.
15:01
AK: So if you go to the website JohnnyCashProject.com,
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ืื– ืื ืชื’ืœืฉื• ืœืืชืจ JohnnyCashProject.com,
15:03
what you'll see is the video playing above.
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ืžื” ืฉืชืจืื• ื–ื” ืืช ืงืœื™ืค ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืžืชื ื’ืŸ ืคื” ืœืžืขืœื”.
15:05
And below it are all the individual frames
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ื•ืžืชื—ืชื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื
15:07
that people have been submitting to the project.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืชืจืžื• ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜.
15:09
So this isn't finished at all,
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ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ื’ืžื•ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ,
15:11
but it's an ongoing project where people can continue to collaborate.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืชืžืฉืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื• ื—ืœืง.
15:13
If you roll over any one of those individual thumbnails,
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ืื ืชืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
15:15
you can see the person who drew that individual thumbnail
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ
15:17
and where they were located.
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ื•ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžืŸ.
15:19
And if you find one that you're interested in,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืืชื›ื,
15:21
you can actually click on it and open up an information panel
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ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœื™ื” ืชืคืชื— ืขืžื•ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ืข
15:23
where you're able to rate that frame,
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ืฉื‘ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืจื’ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื,
15:25
which helps it bubble up to the top.
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ืžื” ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื” ืœืฆื•ืฃ ืœืžืขืœื”.
15:27
And you can also see the way that it was drawn.
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ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื’ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืฆื™ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื”.
15:29
Again, you can get the playback and personal contribution.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืœื™ื‘ืง ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
15:31
In addition to that, it's listed, the artist's name, the location,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืŸ, ืžื™ืงื•ืžื•,
15:34
how long they spent drawing it.
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ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืืจืš ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ.
15:36
And you can pick a style. So this one was tagged "Abstract."
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ. ื–ื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืชื•ื™ื™ื’ื” ื›"ืื‘ืกื˜ืจืงื˜"
15:39
But there's a bunch of different styles.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
15:41
And you can sort the video a number of different ways.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืค ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
15:43
You can say, "I want to see the pointillist version
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: "ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
15:45
or the sketchy version or the realistic version.
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ืื• ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื”ืœื ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ืช, ืื• ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
15:47
And then this is, again, the abstract version,
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื”ืื‘ืกื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ืช,
15:49
which ends up getting a little bit crazy.
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืงืฆืช ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช.
15:54
So the last project I want to talk to you about is another collaboration with Chris Milk.
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืชื›ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื Chris Milk.
15:57
And this is called "The Wilderness Downtown."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื "ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช"
15:59
It's an online music video for the Arcade Fire.
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ื–ื” ืงืœื™ืค ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ The Arcade Fire.
16:02
Chris and I were really amazed
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ื›ืจื™ืก ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื ื“ื”ืžื ื•
16:04
by the potential now with modern web browsers,
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ืžื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉื‘ื“ืคื“ืคื ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
16:06
where you have HTML5 audio and video
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืฉืžืข ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ HTML5.
16:08
and the power of JavaScript to render amazingly fast.
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ JAVA ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืงืœื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
16:11
And we wanted to push the idea of the music video that was meant for the Web
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ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืžืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
16:14
beyond the four-by-three or sixteen-by-nine window
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ืืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืื• ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 16/9
16:17
and try to make it play out and choreograph throughout the screen.
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืขืœื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืื•ืจื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืกืš.
16:20
But most importantly, I think,
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
16:22
we really wanted to make an experience that was unlike the Johnny Cash Project,
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ Johnny Cash,
16:25
where you had a small group of people spending a lot of time
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ
16:28
to contribute something for everyone.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื.
16:30
What if we had a very low commitment,
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
16:33
but delivered something individually unique to each person who contributed?
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืฉื™ืงื— ื—ืœืง?
16:36
So the project starts off by asking you to enter the address
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ืื– ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื–ื ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช
16:38
of the home where you grew up.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื• ื’ื“ืœืชื.
16:40
And you type in the address --
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ื•ืืชื ืžืงืœื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช -
16:42
it actually creates a music video specifically for you,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ืงืœื™ืค ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื,
16:44
pulling in Google maps and Streetview images
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ื•ืžื’ื™ื™ืก ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš "ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืžืคื•ืช" ื•"ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘"
16:46
into the experience itself.
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ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”.
16:48
So this should really be seen at home with you typing in your own address,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื–ื ืชื ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
16:51
but I'm going to give you a little preview of what you can expect.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืงื˜ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื“ืขื• ืœืžื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช.
16:54
(Video) Win Butler: โ™ซ Now our lives are changing fast โ™ซ
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) Win Butler: โ™ซ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช โ™ซ
16:58
โ™ซ Now our lives are changing fast โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช โ™ซ
17:02
โ™ซ Hope that something pure can last โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืžื” ืฉื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจื•ื“ โ™ซ
17:06
โ™ซ Hope that something pure can last โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืžื” ืฉื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจื•ื“ โ™ซ
17:13
โ™ซ Ooh we used to wait โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ื›ื™ื โ™ซ
17:17
โ™ซ Ooh we used to wait โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ื›ื™ื โ™ซ
17:21
โ™ซ Ooh we used to wait โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ื›ื™ื โ™ซ
17:24
โ™ซ Sometimes it never came โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœืฉื•ื•ื โ™ซ
17:27
โ™ซ Sometimes it never came โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœืฉื•ื•ื โ™ซ
17:31
โ™ซ Still moving through the pain โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืื‘ โ™ซ
17:34
โ™ซ We used to wait for it โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื• โ™ซ
17:38
โ™ซ We used to wait for it โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื–ื” โ™ซ
17:42
โ™ซ We used to wait for it โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื–ื” โ™ซ
17:50
AK: So I think, if there's one thing to take away from my talk today,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืื ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืžื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื,
17:53
it's that an interface can be a powerful narrative device.
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
17:55
And as we collect more and more personally and socially relevant data,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื,
17:59
we have an opportunity, and maybe even an obligation,
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ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื”,
18:01
to maintain the humanity and tell some amazing stories
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ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื
18:03
as we explore and collaborate together.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื• ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
18:05
Thanks a lot.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
18:07
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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