Dennis vanEngelsdorp: Where have the bees gone?

40,441 views ใƒป 2008-12-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yifat Adler ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
What I'd like you to do is, just really quickly,
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื, ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช,
00:18
is just, sort of, nod to the person on your right,
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ืœื”ื ื”ืŸ ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžื™ืžื™ื ื›ื,
00:21
and then nod to the person on your left.
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ื ื”ืŸ ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžืฉืžืืœื›ื.
00:24
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
00:28
Now, chances are that over the last winter,
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
00:32
if you had been a beehive, either you or one of the two people
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื - ืืชื ืื•
00:35
you just nodded at would have died.
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ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื ืชื ืœืขื‘ืจื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืชื™ื.
00:39
Now, that's an awful lot of bees.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
00:43
And this is the second year in a row we have lost over 30 percent
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื” ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-30 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช.
00:47
of the colonies, or we estimate we've lost 30 percent of the colonies over the winter.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• 30 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
00:51
Now, that's a lot, a lot of bees, and that's really important.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™, ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:57
And most of those losses are because of things we know.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื‘ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื ื•.
01:00
We know that there are these varroa mites that have introduced
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืืงืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ืื”
01:03
and caused a lot of losses, and we also have this new phenomenon,
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ื’ืจืžื• ืœืื‘ื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื’ื ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
01:06
which I talked about last year, Colony Collapse Disorder.
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ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื”ืคืจืขืช ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื”.
01:09
And here we see a picture on top of a hill in Central Valley last December.
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืฆื•ืœืžื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื’ื‘ืขื” ื‘ืกื ื˜ืจืœ ื•ืืœื™ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
01:14
And below, you can see all these out yards,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”
01:16
or temporary yards, where the colonies are brought in until February,
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื™ื, ืืœื™ื”ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ,
01:21
and then they're shipped out to the almonds.
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ื•ืื– ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืืœ ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื•ืช.
01:24
And one documentary writer, who was here and looked at this two months
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ื›ืชื‘ ืชืขื•ื“ื™ ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ
01:27
after I was here, described this not as beehives
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ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™, ืชืืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื›ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช
01:30
but as a graveyard, with these empty white boxes with no bees left in them.
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ืืœื ื›ื‘ืชื™ ืงื‘ืจื•ืช, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืคืกื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
01:36
Now, I'm going to sum up a year's worth of work in two sentences
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ืื ื™ ืืกื›ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื
01:40
to say that we have been trying to figure out
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ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœืคืขื ื—
01:42
what the cause of this is.
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ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”.
01:44
And what we know is that it's as if the bees have caught a flu.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืชืคืกื• ืฉืคืขืช.
01:47
And this flu has wiped through the population of bees.
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ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื–ืืช ืขืฉืชื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
01:52
In some cases, and in fact in most cases in one year,
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงืจื™ื, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช,
01:56
this flu was caused by a new virus to us,
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ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื–ืืช ื ื’ืจืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื ื•,
01:59
or newly identified by us, called Israeli Acute Paralysis virus.
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ืื• ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืฉื–ื•ื”ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ื ืงืจื ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืฉื™ืชื•ืง ืืงื•ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™.
02:03
It was called that because a guy in Israel first found it,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื›ืš ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
02:05
and he now regrets profoundly calling it that disease, because,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ,
02:09
of course, there's the implication.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืžื ื• , ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
02:10
But we think this virus is pretty ubiquitous.
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ืื‘ืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
02:13
It's also pretty clear that the bees sometimes catch other viruses
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืชื•ืคืกื•ืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
02:16
or other flus, and so the question we're still struggling with,
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ืื• ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขื™ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื,
02:20
and the question that keeps us up at night,
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ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืžื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ื ื™ื ื•,
02:22
is why have the bees suddenly become so susceptible to this flu,
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžื” ืœืคืชืข ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืฉืคืขืช ื”ื–ืืช,
02:27
and why are they so susceptible to these other diseases?
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ื•ืœืžื” ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช?
02:32
And we don't have the answer to that yet,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš,
02:34
and we spend a lot of time trying to figure that out.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื”.
02:37
We think perhaps it's a combination of factors.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื.
02:39
We know from the work of a very large and dynamic working team
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ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
02:43
that, you know, we're finding a lot of different pesticides
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื”
02:47
in the hive, and surprisingly, sometimes the healthiest hives
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:50
have the most pesticides. And so we discover all these
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ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื›ืš, ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•
02:53
very strange things that we can't begin to understand.
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืืœื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.
02:57
And so this opens up the whole idea of looking at colony health.
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ื–ื” ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื”.
03:02
Now of course, if you lose a lot of colonies,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช,
03:05
beekeepers can replace them very quickly.
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ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืœื ืืช ืžืงื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.
03:07
And that's why we've been able to recover from a lot of loss.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ืžืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
03:10
If we lost one in every three cows in the winter, you know,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืคืจื” ืื—ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ,
03:14
the National Guard would be out.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื–ืขืง.
03:15
But what beekeepers can do is, if they have one surviving colony,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื - ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืฉืจื“ื”,
03:19
they can split that colony in two.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืฆืœ ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื.
03:22
And then the one half that doesn't have a queen, they can buy a queen.
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ื•ืื–, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืœื›ื” - ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื”.
03:25
It comes in the mail; it can come from Australia or Hawaii or Florida,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ; ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”, ืžื”ื•ื•ืื™ ืื• ืžืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”,
03:29
and you can introduce that queen.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืœื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
03:31
And in fact, America was the first country
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
03:33
that ever did mail-delivery queens and in fact,
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ืฉืฉืœื—ื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ,
03:36
it's part of the postal code that you have to deliver queens by mail
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื—ื•ืง ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ
03:43
in order to make sure that we have enough bees in this country.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
03:48
If you don't just want a queen, you can buy, actually,
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ืื ืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืจืง ืžืœื›ื”, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœืงื ื•ืช
03:50
a three-pound package of bees, which comes in the mail, and of course,
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ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ืœื• ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ.
03:54
the Postal Office is always very concerned when they get,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืกื ื™ืฃ ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืžืื•ื“
03:57
you know, your three-pound packages of bees.
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ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ 1.5 ืงื™ืœื• ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
03:59
And you can install this in your hive and replace that dead-out.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชื•.
04:03
So it means that beekeepers are very good at replacing dead-outs,
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ืคืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชื•,
04:07
and so they've been able to cover those losses.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
04:10
So even though we've lost 30 percent of the colonies every year,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• 30 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
04:13
the same number of colonies have existed in the country,
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ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื”,
04:17
at about 2.4 million colonies.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื›-2.4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช.
04:20
Now, those losses are tragic on many fronts,
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ื”ืื•ื‘ื“ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื˜ืจืื’ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื,
04:24
and one of those fronts is for the beekeeper.
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
04:26
And it's really important to talk about beekeepers first,
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื,
04:29
because beekeepers are among the most fascinating people you'll ever meet.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืจืชืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืชืคื’ืฉื• ืื™ ืคืขื.
04:32
If this was a group of beekeepers, you would have everyone
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ืื ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื,
04:35
from the card-carrying NRA member who's, you know, live free or die,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืจื•ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ (NRA), ืฉืœ "ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ื•ืช",
04:40
to the, you know, the self-expressed quirky San Francisco
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืื™ื›ืจ ืฉืžื’ื“ืœ ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืกืŸ-ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•
04:43
backyard pig farmer.
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ืขื ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืงื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื’ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
04:45
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
04:47
And you get all of these people in the same room,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืชืืกืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื—ื“,
04:50
and they're all engaged and they're getting along,
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
04:54
and they're all there because of the passion for bees.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืœื”ื˜ ืฉืœื”ื ืœื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
04:57
Now, there's another part of that community
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ื—ืœืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื
04:59
which are the commercial beekeepers,
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ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื,
05:00
the ones who make their livelihood from beekeeping alone.
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ืฉืžืชืคืจื ืกื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืžื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
05:03
And these tend to be some of the most independent, tenacious,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื, ืขืงืฉื ื™ื,
05:11
intuitive, you know, inventive people you will ever meet.
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ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืชืคื’ืฉื• ืื™ ืคืขื.
05:15
They're just fascinating. And they're like that all over the world.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืจืชืงื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
05:18
I had the privilege of working in Haiti just for two weeks earlier this year.
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ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื.
05:22
And Haiti, if you've ever been there, is just a tragedy.
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ื•ื”ืื™ื˜ื™, ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฉื ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื•, ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”.
05:25
I mean, there may be 100 explanations
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ื™ืฉ ืื•ืœื™ ืžืื” ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืœื›ืš
05:27
for why Haiti is the impoverished nation it is,
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ืฉื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื•ืฉืฉืช,
05:30
but there is no excuse to see that sort of squalor.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœื”ื–ื ื—ื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื.
05:33
But you meet this beekeeper, and I met this beekeeper here,
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ืื‘ืœ ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ืืช ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื–ื”,
05:36
and he is one of the most knowledgeable beekeepers I've ever met.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื“ืขื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื™.
05:38
No formal education, but very knowledgeable.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืคื•ืจืžืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ื“ืข ืจื‘.
05:40
We needed beeswax for a project we were working on; he was so capable,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขืœื™ื•; ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ,
05:45
he was able to render the nicest block of beeswax I have ever seen
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ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืง ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ื›ื™ ื ื—ืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ื’ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ืจืื™ืชื™
05:49
from cow dung, tin cans and his veil, which he used as a screening,
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ืžืชื•ืš ื–ื‘ืœ ืคืจื•ืช, ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืขื™ืฃ ืฉืœื• ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”,
05:54
right in this meadow. And so that ingenuity is inspiring.
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ื›ื›ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืื—ื•. ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืฉืœื• ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”.
05:58
We also have Dave Hackenberg, who is the poster child of CCD.
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืืงื ื‘ืจื’, ื ืขืจ ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขืช ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื”.
06:01
He's the one who first identified this condition
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื™ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”
06:03
and raised the alarm bells.
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ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืื–ืขืงื”.
06:05
And he has a history of these trucks,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
06:07
and he's moved these bees up and down the coast.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื•ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ.
06:10
And a lot of people talk about trucks and moving bees,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื,
06:13
and that being bad, but we've done that for thousands of years.
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ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
06:16
The ancient Egyptians used to move bees up and down the Nile on rafts,
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ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื•ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื ื™ืœื•ืก ืขืœ ืจืคืกื•ื“ื•ืช,
06:19
so this idea of a movable bee force is not new at all.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ.
06:25
And one of our real worries with Colony Collapse Disorder
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ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืจืขืช ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื
06:29
is the fact that it costs so much money to replace those dead-out colonies.
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœืคืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืงืจื”.
06:33
And you can do that one year in a row,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช,
06:36
you may be able to do it two years in a row.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช.
06:38
But if you're losing 50 percent to 80 percent of your colonies,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื 50 ืื—ื•ื– ืขื“ 80 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช,
06:42
you can't survive three years in a row. And we're really worried
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื
06:45
about losing this segment of our industry.
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ืฉื ืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
06:49
And that's important for many fronts,
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ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื,
06:51
and one of them is because of that culture that's in agriculture.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
06:55
And these migratory beekeepers are the last nomads of America.
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ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ื ื•ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
07:00
You know, they pick up their hives;
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ื”ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื;
07:01
they move their families once or twice in a year.
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ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืคืขื ืื• ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.
07:04
And if you look at Florida, in Dade City, Florida,
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ื“ื™ื™ื“ ืกื™ื˜ื™, ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื” -
07:07
that's where all the Pennsylvania beekeepers go.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืคื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื”.
07:09
And then 20 miles down the road is Groveland,
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30 ืง"ืž ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื“ืจืš ื ืžืฆืืช ื’ืจื•ื‘ืœื ื“,
07:11
and that's where all the Wisconsin beekeepers go.
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ืืœื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื•ื™ืกืงื•ื ืกื™ืŸ.
07:13
And if you're ever in Central Valley in February, you go to this cafรฉ
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ื•ืื ืชื’ื™ืขื• ืื™ ืคืขื ืœืกื ื˜ืจืœ ื•ืืœื™ ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ - ืชืงืคืฆื• ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืคื” ื”ื–ื”,
07:18
at 10 o'clock in the morning, Kathy and Kate's.
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ืงืชื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜'ืก, ื‘ืฉืขื” 10 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
07:21
And that's where all the beekeepers come after a night of moving bees
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื
07:24
into the almond groves.
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ืืœ ืžื˜ืขื™ ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื.
07:25
They all have their breakfast
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ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ
07:26
and complain about everyone right there. And it's a great experience,
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ื•ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ื. ื–ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื ืคืœืื”,
07:31
and I really encourage you to drop in at that diner during that time,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื›ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืœืžืกืขื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
07:34
because that's quite essential American experience.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:37
And we see these families, these nomadic families, you know,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
07:41
father to son, father to son, and these guys are hurting.
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ืžืื‘ื ืœื‘ืŸ, ืžืื‘ื ืœื‘ืŸ, ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื” ื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื.
07:45
And they're not people who like to ask for help,
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ื•ืืœื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื”,
07:48
although they are the most helpful people ever.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš.
07:50
If there's one guy who loses all his bees because of a truck overhaul,
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ืื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืงื™ืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืื™ืช,
07:54
everyone pitches in and gives 20 hives
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžื˜ื” ืฉื›ื ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ 20 ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช
07:56
to help him replace those lost colonies.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืžืœื ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช.
07:58
And so, it's a very dynamic, and I think,
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ืื ื›ืš, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืช,
08:00
historic and exciting community to be involved with.
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ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืžืจื’ืฉืช ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืื™ืชื”.
08:07
Of course, the real importance for bees is not the honey.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ.
08:10
And although I highly encourage you, all use honey.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืฉ.
08:12
I mean, it's the most ethical sweetener,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืžืชื™ืง ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืกืจื™,
08:15
and you know, it's a dynamic and fun sweetener.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืžืชื™ืง ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ ื•ื›ื™ื™ืคื™.
08:18
But we estimate that about one in three bites of food we eat
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ืก ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
08:22
is directly or indirectly pollinated by honeybees.
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ืžื•ืื‘ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื“ื‘ืฉ.
08:27
Now, I want to just illustrate that in the fact
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื–ืืช
08:29
that if we look at the breakfast I had yesterday morning --
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ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืื›ืœืชื™ ืืชืžื•ืœ --
08:33
a little cranberry juice, some fruits, some granola,
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ืงืฆืช ืžื™ืฅ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื’ืจืื ื•ืœื”,
08:36
I should have had whole wheat bread, I realized, but you know,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ืœื—ื ืžืœื, ืื‘ืœ...
08:39
jam on my Wonderbread, and some coffee --
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ืœื—ื ืœื‘ืŸ ืขื ืจื™ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื•ืก ื•ืงืคื”.
08:43
and had we taken out all those ingredients,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื,
08:48
-- except for the almonds I wasn't going to pick out from the granola --
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื, ืื•ืชื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื’ืจืื ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื™ --
08:50
if we had taken out all those ingredients
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื
08:53
the bees had indirectly or directly pollinated,
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื‘ื™ืงื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืœื ื™ืฉื™ืจ,
08:56
we wouldn't have much on our plate.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืืจ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฆืœื—ืช.
08:58
So if we did not have bees, it's not like we would starve,
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ืื– ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ืืžื ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืจืขื‘,
09:01
but clearly our diet would be diminished.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆืžืช.
09:06
It's said that for bees, the flower is the fountain of life,
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืคืจื— ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
09:09
and for flowers bees are the messengers of love.
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื - ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื”.
09:12
And that's a really great expression, because really,
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื ืคืœื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืช,
09:15
bees are the sex workers for flowers. They are, you know --
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ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืชื™ ืžื™ืŸ ืœืคืจื—ื™ื. ื”ืŸ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื --
09:18
they get paid for their services.
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ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
09:20
They get paid by pollen and nectar,
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ื”ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื•ืœืŸ ื•ื ืงื˜ืจ,
09:22
to move that male sperm, the pollen, from flower to flower.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืจืข ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™, ื”ืคื•ืœืŸ, ืžืคืจื— ืœืคืจื—.
09:26
And there are flowers that are self-infertile. That means they can't --
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ื™ืฉื ื ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื
09:29
the pollen in their bloom can't fertilize themselves.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœืŸ ืฉื‘ืื‘ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื.
09:33
So in an apple orchard, for instance, you'll have rows of 10 apples
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ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืžื˜ืข ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ
09:36
of one variety, and then you have another apple tree
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ืขืฉืจื” ืขืฆื™ ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืื—ื“, ื•ืขืฅ ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืกืฃ
09:39
that's a different type of pollen.
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ืขื ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœืŸ.
09:41
And bees are very faithful.
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ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื ืืžื ื•ืช.
09:42
When they're out pollinating or gathering pollen from one flower,
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ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืื‘ื™ืงื•ืช, ืื• ืื•ืกืคื•ืช ืคื•ืœืŸ ืžืคืจื— ืื—ื“,
09:46
they stay to that crop exclusively, in order to help generate.
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ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช.
09:50
And of course, they're made to carry this pollen.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ืŸ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
09:54
They build up a static electric charge and the pollen jumps on them
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ื”ืŸ ืฆื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืกื˜ืื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืคื•ืœืŸ ืงื•ืคืฅ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ
09:57
and helps spread that pollen from bloom to bloom.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœืŸ ืžืคืจื— ืœืคืจื—.
10:01
However, honeybees are a minority.
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ืื‘ืœ, ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ืŸ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜.
10:03
Honeybees are not native to America; they were introduced
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ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ืŸ ืœื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”; ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื•
10:06
with the colonialists.
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ืขื ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
10:07
And there are actually more species of bees
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื
10:10
than there are mammals and birds combined.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื’ื ื™ื—ื“.
10:12
In Pennsylvania alone, we have been surveying bees for 150 years,
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ืจืง ื‘ืคื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื”, ืกืงืจื ื• ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš 150 ืฉื ื™ื,
10:17
and very intensely in the last three years.
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ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ืžืฆืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
10:20
We have identified over 400 species of bees in Pennsylvania.
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ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-400 ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื”.
10:25
Thirty-two species have not been identified or found in the state since 1950.
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32 ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื ื–ื•ื”ื• ืื• ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืื– 1950.
10:31
Now, that could be because we haven't been sampling right,
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื“ื’ืžื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
10:34
but it does, I think, suggest that something's wrong
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ
10:36
with the pollinator force. And these bees are fascinating.
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ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืื‘ื™ืง. ื•ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.
10:39
We have bumblebees on the top.
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ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”.
10:41
And bumblebees are what we call eusocial: they're not truly social,
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ืœื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื™ืฉ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื”; ื”ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
10:44
because only the queen is, over winter.
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ื›ื™ ืจืง ื”ืžืœื›ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
10:47
We also have the sweat bees, and these are little gems flying around.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ืืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื–ื™ืขื”. ื”ืŸ ืื‘ื ื™ ื—ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืขืคื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘.
10:50
They're like tiny little flies and they fly around.
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ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืคื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘.
10:53
And then you have another type of bee, which we call kleptoparasites,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกื•ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ืงืœืคื˜ื•ืคืจื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช,
10:57
which is a very fancy way of saying, bad-minded, murdering --
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ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืจื•ืฆื—ืช --
11:05
what's the word I'm looking for? Murdering --
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ืžื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื—ืคืฉ? ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืจื•ืฆื—ืช --
11:08
Audience: Bee?
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ืงื”ืœ: ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”?
11:09
Dennis vanEngelsdorp: Bee. Okay, thanks.
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ื“ื ื™ืก ื•ืŸ-ืื ื’ืœืกื“ื•ืจืค: ื›ืŸ. ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”. ืชื•ื“ื”.
11:10
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
11:12
What these bees do is, they sit there. These solitary bees,
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ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ืฉื. ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ืื™ื•ืช,
11:19
they drill a hole in the ground or drill a hole in a branch,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืื• ืงื•ื“ื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ืฃ,
11:22
and they collect pollen and make it into a ball,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืื•ืกืคื•ืช ืคื•ืœืŸ ื•ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ื›ื“ื•ืจ,
11:24
and they lay an egg on it.
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ื•ืžื˜ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื‘ื™ืฆื”.
11:26
Well, these bees hang out at that hole,
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ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจ,
11:27
and they wait for that mother to fly away, they go in, eat the egg,
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ื•ืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ืืžื ืชืขื•ืฃ ืžืฉื, ื•ืื– ื”ืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช, ืื•ื›ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื”,
11:31
and lay their own egg there. So they don't do any work.
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ื•ืžื˜ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื›ืš ื”ืŸ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
11:34
And so, in fact, if you know you have these kleptoparasitic bees,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงืœืคื˜ื•ืคืจื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
11:39
you know that your environment is healthy,
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืจื™ืื”,
11:41
because they're top-of-the-food-chain bees.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
11:44
And in fact, there is now a red list of pollinators
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื
11:48
that we're worried have disappeared, and on top of that list
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ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉื ืขืœืžื•, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื ืžืฆืื•ืช
11:52
are a lot of these kleptoparasites, but also these bumblebees.
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ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืงืœืคื˜ื•ืคืจื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ.
11:55
And in fact, if you guys live on the West Coast,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ืืชื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™,
11:57
go to these websites here, and they're really looking for people
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ื”ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืชืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื
12:00
to look for some of these bumblebees, because we think
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ืฉื™ืขืจื›ื• ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืืœื”, ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
12:03
some have gone extinct. Or some, the population has declined.
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ืฉื›ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ ื ื›ื—ื“ื•, ืื• ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืฆื˜ืžืฆืžื”.
12:07
And so it's not just honeybees that are in trouble,
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ืื ื›ืš, ืœื ืจืง ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช,
12:10
but we don't understand these native pollinators
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
12:13
or all those other parts of our community.
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ืื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•.
12:16
And of course, bees are not the only important factor here.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื›ืืŸ.
12:20
There are other animals that pollinate, like bats,
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืื‘ื™ืงื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื.
12:22
and bats are in trouble too.
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ื•ื’ื ื”ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช.
12:24
And I'm glad I'm a bee man and not a bat man,
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ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืฉืื ื™ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขื˜ืœืฃ,
12:26
because there's no money to research the bat problems.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื.
12:30
And bats are dying at an extraordinary rate.
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ื•ื”ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ.
12:33
White-nose syndrome has wiped out populations of bats.
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ืกื™ื ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืืฃ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ืกืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื.
12:36
If there's a cave in New York that had 15,000 bats in it,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ืžืขืจื” ืขื 15,000 ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”,
12:41
and there are 1,000 left. That's like San Francisco
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ื•ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืฉืืจื• ืืœืฃ - ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•
12:45
becoming the population of half of this county in three years.
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ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ื–ื” ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
12:50
And so that's incredible. And there's no money to do that.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื™ืืžืŸ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
12:52
But I'm glad to say that I think we know the cause
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื”ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”
12:54
of all these conditions, and that cause is NDD:
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื NDD:
12:58
Nature Deficit Disorder.
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ื”ืคืจืขืช ื—ืกืš ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
13:00
And that is that I think that what we have in our society is,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื
13:04
we forgot our connection with nature.
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ืฉืฉื›ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื˜ื‘ืข.
13:06
And I think if we reconnect to nature,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื˜ื‘ืข,
13:09
we'll be able to have the resources and that interest
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
13:12
to solve these problems.
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ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
13:14
And I think that there is an easy cure for NDD.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืคื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืืช ื”-NDD.
13:17
And that is, make meadows and not lawns.
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ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื - ืฉื“ื•ืช ืื—ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื“ืฉืื•ืช.
13:21
And I think we have lost our connection,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
13:23
and this is a wonderful way of reconnecting to our environment.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ื ืคืœืื” ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
13:27
I've had the privilege of living by a meadow
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ืื—ื•
13:29
for the last little while, and it is terribly engaging.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื‘ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:33
And if we look at the history of lawns, it's actually rather tragic.
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ืื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืฉืื•ืช, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื’ื™ืช.
13:38
It used to be, two, three hundred years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืืชื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื”,
13:40
that a lawn was a symbol of prestige,
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ืžื“ืฉืื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืงืจื”,
13:42
and so it was only the very rich that could keep these green
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ื•ืจืง ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ืืช
13:45
actually, deserts: they're totally sterile.
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ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”: ื”ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืขื•ืงืจื™ื.
13:48
Americans spent, in 2001 -- 11 percent of all pesticide use was done on lawns.
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ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื‘-2001 -- 11 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืฉืื•ืช.
13:53
Five percent of our greenhouse gases are produced by mowing our lawns.
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5 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื›ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ืžื“ืฉืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
13:59
And so it's incredible the amount of resources we've spent
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ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช, ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืคื ื™ื ื•
14:02
keeping our lawns, which are these useless biosystems.
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ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืžื“ืฉืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืขืจืš.
14:06
And so we need to rethink this idea.
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
14:09
In fact, you know, the White House
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ
14:11
used to have sheep in front in order to help fund
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ื”ื™ื• ืคืขื ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื–ืจื• ืœืžืžืŸ
14:13
the war effort in World War I, which probably is not a bad idea;
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ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ืžืœื—ืžืชื™ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
14:16
it wouldn't be a bad idea.
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืฆื.
14:17
I want to say this not because I'm opposed completely to mowing lawns.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื’ื“ ื›ื™ืกื•ื— ืžื“ืฉืื•ืช.
14:20
I think that there is perhaps some advantage to keeping lawns
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืฉืื•ืช
14:24
at a limited scale, and I think we're encouraged to do that.
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ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
14:28
But I also want to reinforce some of the ideas we've heard here,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื’ื ืœื—ื–ืง ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ื›ืืŸ,
14:30
because having a meadow or living by a meadow is transformational.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืื—ื• ืื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ืื—ื• ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
14:35
That it is amazing that connection we can have with what's there.
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ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
14:39
These milkweed plants have grown up in my meadow
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ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืืกืงืœืคื™ื™ื ืฆืžื—ื• ื‘ืื—ื• ืฉืœื™
14:41
over the last four years. Add to watch the different plants,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
14:45
or insects, that come to these flowers, to watch that --
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ืื• ื‘ื—ืจืงื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœ ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื --
14:49
and we've heard about, you know, this relationship you can have with wine,
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
14:52
this companion you can have as it matures
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ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืฉื™ืœ
14:55
and as it has these different fragrances.
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
14:57
And this is a companion,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช,
14:59
and this is a relationship that never dries up.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื“ืขืš.
15:02
You never run out of that companion as you drink this wine, too.
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ื’ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื“ืขืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืฉืชื• ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
15:06
And I encourage you to look at that.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืืชื›ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื–ืืช.
15:09
Now, not all of us have meadows,
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ืœื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื•ืช ืื—ื•,
15:11
or lawns that we can convert, and so you can always, of course,
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ืื• ืžื“ืฉืื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
15:14
grow a meadow in a pot.
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ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื—ื• ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ.
15:16
Bees apparently, can be the gateway to, you know, other things.
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ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
15:19
So I'm not saying that you should plant a meadow of pot,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืœ ืื—ื• ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ืฉ (pot),
15:23
but a pot in a meadow.
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ืืœื ืขืฆื™ืฅ (pot) ืฉืœ ืื—ื•.
15:26
But you can also have this great community of city
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ืืชื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื ืคืœืื” ื”ื–ืืช
15:29
or building-top beekeepers, these beekeepers that live --
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ืฉืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื• ืขืœ ื’ื’ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
15:32
This is in Paris where these beekeepers live.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื–, ืฉื ื’ืจื™ื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
15:35
And everyone should open a beehive,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื™ื ื›ื•ื•ืจืช,
15:37
because it is the most amazing, incredible thing.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื ืคืœื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
15:40
And if we want to cure ourselves of NDD, or Nature Deficit Disorder,
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ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืคื ืืช ื”-NDD - ื”ืคืจืขืช ื—ืกืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœื ื•,
15:43
I think this is a great way of doing it.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ื ืคืœืื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
15:45
Get a beehive and grow a meadow,
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ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื• ืื—ื•,
15:47
and watch that life come back into your life.
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ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื›ื.
15:50
And so with that, I think that what we can do, if we do this,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช,
15:54
we can make sure that our future -- our more perfect future --
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื• -- ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœื ื• --
15:57
includes beekeepers and it includes bees and it includes those meadows.
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ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืื—ื• ื”ืืœื”.
16:02
And that journey -- that journey of transformation that occurs
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ื•ื”ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื” -- ืžืกืข ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ
16:05
as you grow your meadow and as you keep your bees
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืื—ื• ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
16:08
or you watch those native bees there -- is an extremely exciting one.
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ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” -- ื”ื•ื ืžืกืข ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:12
And I hope that you experience it
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืชื ืชื—ื•ื• ืื•ืชื•
16:13
and I hope you tell me about it one day.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืชืกืคืจื• ืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“.
16:16
So thank you very much for being here. Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื›ืืŸ. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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