Dennis vanEngelsdorp: Where have the bees gone?

40,487 views ใƒป 2008-12-12

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Zyi Ryong Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : sungho kim
00:16
What I'd like you to do is, just really quickly,
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ž ๊น ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
00:18
is just, sort of, nod to the person on your right,
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๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ์ž ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์•‰์€ ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:21
and then nod to the person on your left.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ป˜๋„ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:28
Now, chances are that over the last winter,
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๊ฒจ์šธ ํ•œ ์ฒ  ๋™์•ˆ์—
00:32
if you had been a beehive, either you or one of the two people
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฒŒํ†ต์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
00:35
you just nodded at would have died.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ง‰ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
Now, that's an awful lot of bees.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฒŒ์ด์ฃ .
00:43
And this is the second year in a row we have lost over 30 percent
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฒŒ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ ์ค‘ 30ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋‹ฌ์•„ ์žƒ์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
of the colonies, or we estimate we've lost 30 percent of the colonies over the winter.
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๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๊ฒจ์šธ ๋™์•ˆ์— 30%๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Now, that's a lot, a lot of bees, and that's really important.
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์ •๋ง ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ๋ฒŒ์ด ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
And most of those losses are because of things we know.
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์ด ์†์‹ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
We know that there are these varroa mites that have introduced
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์‘์• (Varroa Mites)๊ฐ€ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฐ ์†์‹ค์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ
01:03
and caused a lot of losses, and we also have this new phenomenon,
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์ƒ,
01:06
which I talked about last year, Colony Collapse Disorder.
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์ฆ‰ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ๋ถ•๊ดดํ˜„์ƒ(Colony Collapse Disorder)๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
And here we see a picture on top of a hill in Central Valley last December.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 12์›” ์„ผํŠธ๋Ÿด ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ(Central Valley)์˜ ํ•œ ์ •์ƒ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
And below, you can see all these out yards,
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์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, 2์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฒŒ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š”
01:16
or temporary yards, where the colonies are brought in until February,
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์–‘๋ด‰ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
01:21
and then they're shipped out to the almonds.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ๊ณผ์ˆ˜์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๊ตฐ๋ฝ๋“ค์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
And one documentary writer, who was here and looked at this two months
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ณณ์— ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ์žˆ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณธ ํ•œ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š”
01:27
after I was here, described this not as beehives
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฌด๋ค์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
but as a graveyard, with these empty white boxes with no bees left in them.
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๋ฒŒ์ด ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๋นˆ ํฐ์ƒ‰์ƒ์ž๋“ค์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Now, I'm going to sum up a year's worth of work in two sentences
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์ž, ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
01:40
to say that we have been trying to figure out
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์ ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž, ์ผ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„
01:42
what the cause of this is.
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๋‹จ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
And what we know is that it's as if the bees have caught a flu.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฒŒ์ด ๋…๊ฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
And this flu has wiped through the population of bees.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋…๊ฐ์ด ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ „์ฒด๋กœ ํผ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
In some cases, and in fact in most cases in one year,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
01:56
this flu was caused by a new virus to us,
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์ด ๋…๊ฐ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ˜น์€ ์ด์ œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ
01:59
or newly identified by us, called Israeli Acute Paralysis virus.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ธ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜๊ธ‰์„ฑ๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
It was called that because a guy in Israel first found it,
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์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:05
and he now regrets profoundly calling it that disease, because,
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์ตœ์ดˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฆ„๋ถ™์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ›„ํšŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
of course, there's the implication.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์•”์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:10
But we think this virus is pretty ubiquitous.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
It's also pretty clear that the bees sometimes catch other viruses
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋‚˜ ๋…๊ฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
or other flus, and so the question we're still struggling with,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„์ง๋„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ,
02:20
and the question that keeps us up at night,
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์ž ๋ชป์ด๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€,
02:22
is why have the bees suddenly become so susceptible to this flu,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์™œ ๋ฒŒ์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด ๋…๊ฐ์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
and why are they so susceptible to these other diseases?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์—๋„ ๊ฒฌ๋””์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:32
And we don't have the answer to that yet,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
and we spend a lot of time trying to figure that out.
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ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
We think perhaps it's a combination of factors.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
We know from the work of a very large and dynamic working team
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ํ™œ๋™์ค‘์ธ ํŒ€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:43
that, you know, we're finding a lot of different pesticides
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์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
in the hive, and surprisingly, sometimes the healthiest hives
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š”
02:50
have the most pesticides. And so we discover all these
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
very strange things that we can't begin to understand.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํฌํ•œํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:57
And so this opens up the whole idea of looking at colony health.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์˜ ๊ฑด์ƒ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Now of course, if you lose a lot of colonies,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์žƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
03:05
beekeepers can replace them very quickly.
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์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ต์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:07
And that's why we've been able to recover from a lot of loss.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์†์‹ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:10
If we lost one in every three cows in the winter, you know,
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์ž, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฒจ์šธ ํ•œ ์ฒ  3๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ ์ค‘์—์„œ 1๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด,
03:14
the National Guard would be out.
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์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ตฐ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
But what beekeepers can do is, if they have one surviving colony,
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์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์กด์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด,
03:19
they can split that colony in two.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ ,
03:22
And then the one half that doesn't have a queen, they can buy a queen.
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์—ฌ์™•๋ฒŒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ์—ฌ์™•๋ฒŒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
It comes in the mail; it can come from Australia or Hawaii or Florida,
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์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„, ํ•˜์™€์ด, ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ๋“ฑ์ง€์—์„œ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
and you can introduce that queen.
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๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ๋œ ์—ฌ์™•๋ฒŒ์„ ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
And in fact, America was the first country
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์—ฌ์™•๋ฒŒ์„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ
03:33
that ever did mail-delivery queens and in fact,
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์šฐํŽธ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ด๊ณ ,
03:36
it's part of the postal code that you have to deliver queens by mail
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์™•๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์šฐํŽธ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:43
in order to make sure that we have enough bees in this country.
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๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
If you don't just want a queen, you can buy, actually,
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์—ฌ์™•๋ฒŒ์ด ํ•„์š”์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ์‚ฌ์‹ค
03:50
a three-pound package of bees, which comes in the mail, and of course,
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3ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฒŒ ํ•œ ํ†ต์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
the Postal Office is always very concerned when they get,
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์šฐ์ฒด๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
03:57
you know, your three-pound packages of bees.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ฒŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐฌ 3ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์šฐํŽธ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:59
And you can install this in your hive and replace that dead-out.
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๋ฒŒํ†ต์— ์ด ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์„ ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ๊ณ , ์ฃฝ์€ ๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
So it means that beekeepers are very good at replacing dead-outs,
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์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋ฒŒ์„ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•œ๋ฐ,
04:07
and so they've been able to cover those losses.
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์†์‹ค์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
So even though we've lost 30 percent of the colonies every year,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งค๋…„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ค‘ 30ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ณ ,
04:13
the same number of colonies have existed in the country,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:17
at about 2.4 million colonies.
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์•ฝ 240๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Now, those losses are tragic on many fronts,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ง‘๋‹จ ์†์‹ค์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ,
04:24
and one of those fronts is for the beekeeper.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์€ ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป)
04:26
And it's really important to talk about beekeepers first,
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์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
because beekeepers are among the most fascinating people you'll ever meet.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
If this was a group of beekeepers, you would have everyone
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—๋Š”
04:35
from the card-carrying NRA member who's, you know, live free or die,
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์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์™ธ์น˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฏธ์ด๊ธฐํ˜‘ํšŒ(NRA: National Rifle Association) ํšŒ์›๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:40
to the, you know, the self-expressed quirky San Francisco
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์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ ๋’ท๋œฐ์— ๋ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐํ‘œํ˜„๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋ณ„๋‚œ
04:43
backyard pig farmer.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:47
And you get all of these people in the same room,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์— ๋ชจ์•„๋‘๋ฉด,
04:50
and they're all engaged and they're getting along,
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๊ธˆ์ƒˆ ์นœํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:54
and they're all there because of the passion for bees.
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๋ฒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ •์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ์ฃ .
04:57
Now, there's another part of that community
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์ž, ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:59
which are the commercial beekeepers,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์—… ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
the ones who make their livelihood from beekeeping alone.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜ค์ง ๋ฒŒ์„ ์ณ์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
05:03
And these tend to be some of the most independent, tenacious,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ˆ์งˆ๊ธด๋ฐ๋‹ค
05:11
intuitive, you know, inventive people you will ever meet.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ง๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
They're just fascinating. And they're like that all over the world.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
I had the privilege of working in Haiti just for two weeks earlier this year.
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์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „์— ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์—์„œ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
And Haiti, if you've ever been there, is just a tragedy.
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๊ฐ€๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ๋น„๊ทน์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
I mean, there may be 100 explanations
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ด๋ƒ๋ฉด, ์™œ ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
05:27
for why Haiti is the impoverished nation it is,
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100๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
05:30
but there is no excuse to see that sort of squalor.
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋”๋Ÿฌ์›€์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ๋ณ€๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
But you meet this beekeeper, and I met this beekeeper here,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ง€์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€์ธ๋ฐ,
05:36
and he is one of the most knowledgeable beekeepers I've ever met.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ •ํ†ตํ•œ ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
No formal education, but very knowledgeable.
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •๋ง ๋ฐ•์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
We needed beeswax for a project we were working on; he was so capable,
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๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋ฐ€๋ž์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์™„์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
he was able to render the nicest block of beeswax I have ever seen
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋ž์„
05:49
from cow dung, tin cans and his veil, which he used as a screening,
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์†Œ๋˜ฅ, ์–‘์ฒ ์บ”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฎ๊ฐœ๋งŒ ๊ฐ–๊ณ ์„œ
05:54
right in this meadow. And so that ingenuity is inspiring.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
We also have Dave Hackenberg, who is the poster child of CCD.
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๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๊ต์œกํ˜‘ํšŒ(CCD; Confraternity of Christian Doctrine)์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ธ ๋ฐ์ด๋ธŒ ํ•˜์ผ„๋ฒ„๊ทธ ์”จ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:01
He's the one who first identified this condition
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์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:03
and raised the alarm bells.
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์•Œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
And he has a history of these trucks,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿญ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:07
and he's moved these bees up and down the coast.
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๋ฒŒ์„ ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚จ๋ถ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
And a lot of people talk about trucks and moving bees,
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์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ํŠธ๋Ÿญ๊ณผ ์ด๋™์ค‘์ธ ๋ฒŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
06:13
and that being bad, but we've done that for thousands of years.
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ฏธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•ด์˜จ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
The ancient Egyptians used to move bees up and down the Nile on rafts,
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์ผ๊ฐ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚จ๋ถ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒŒ์„ ๋—๋ชฉ์— ์‹ฃ๊ณ  ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
so this idea of a movable bee force is not new at all.
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์ด๋™๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฒŒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
And one of our real worries with Colony Collapse Disorder
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์ •์ฃผ์ง€๋ถ•๊ดดํ˜„์ƒ(Colony Collapse Disorder)์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
06:29
is the fact that it costs so much money to replace those dead-out colonies.
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์ฃฝ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
And you can do that one year in a row,
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์ผ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:36
you may be able to do it two years in a row.
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2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
But if you're losing 50 percent to 80 percent of your colonies,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ 50~80ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด,
06:42
you can't survive three years in a row. And we're really worried
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3๋…„์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
06:45
about losing this segment of our industry.
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์–‘๋ด‰์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์ •๋ง ์—ผ๋ ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
And that's important for many fronts,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
06:51
and one of them is because of that culture that's in agriculture.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”, ๋†์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
And these migratory beekeepers are the last nomads of America.
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์ด๋“ค ์ด์ฃผ์„ฑ ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์œ ๋ชฉ๋ฏผ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
You know, they pick up their hives;
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋ฒŒํ†ต์„ ๋“ค๊ณ ,
07:01
they move their families once or twice in a year.
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์ผ๋…„์— ํ•œ๋‘๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
And if you look at Florida, in Dade City, Florida,
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ฐ์ด๋“œ ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋Š”
07:07
that's where all the Pennsylvania beekeepers go.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
And then 20 miles down the road is Groveland,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ 20๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ทธ๋กœ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š”
07:11
and that's where all the Wisconsin beekeepers go.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์œ„์Šค์ฝ˜์‹  ์ฃผ ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
And if you're ever in Central Valley in February, you go to this cafรฉ
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 2์›”์— ์„ผํŠธ๋Ÿด ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
07:18
at 10 o'clock in the morning, Kathy and Kate's.
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์˜ค์ „ 10์‹œ์— ์ผ€ํ‹ฐ ์•ค ์ผ€์ด์ธ ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด ์นดํŽ˜์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:21
And that's where all the beekeepers come after a night of moving bees
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐค์ƒˆ ๋ฒŒ์„ ํŽธ๋„๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ณผ์ˆ˜์›์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
07:24
into the almond groves.
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์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
They all have their breakfast
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•„์นจ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:26
and complain about everyone right there. And it's a great experience,
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์„œ๋กœ ํ‘ธ๋…์„ž์ธ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
and I really encourage you to drop in at that diner during that time,
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ผญ ์ด ์นดํŽ˜์— ๋“ค๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ถŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
because that's quite essential American experience.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
And we see these families, these nomadic families, you know,
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์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์œ ๋ชฉ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค,
07:41
father to son, father to son, and these guys are hurting.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—์„œ ์•„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋กœ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ ์ž์‹์—๊ฒŒ๋กœ, ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
And they're not people who like to ask for help,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ด๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
although they are the most helpful people ever.
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๋น„๋ก ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
If there's one guy who loses all his bees because of a truck overhaul,
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ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒŒ์„ ์žƒ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—,
07:54
everyone pitches in and gives 20 hives
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํž˜์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ์†์‹ค๋œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
07:56
to help him replace those lost colonies.
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๋ฒŒํ†ต 20๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
And so, it's a very dynamic, and I think,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๋ฉฐ,
08:00
historic and exciting community to be involved with.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
Of course, the real importance for bees is not the honey.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฒŒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฟ€๋•Œ๋ฌธ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
And although I highly encourage you, all use honey.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฟ€์„ ๋“œ์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ถŒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
08:12
I mean, it's the most ethical sweetener,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
and you know, it's a dynamic and fun sweetener.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
But we estimate that about one in three bites of food we eat
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ •ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ ์…‹ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
08:22
is directly or indirectly pollinated by honeybees.
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ์ง๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
Now, I want to just illustrate that in the fact
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ ์žํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
that if we look at the breakfast I had yesterday morning --
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์–ด์ œ ์•„์นจ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋จน์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉด,
08:33
a little cranberry juice, some fruits, some granola,
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ํฌ๋žœ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ ์ฅฌ์Šค์™€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผ์ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ผ๋†€๋ผ
08:36
I should have had whole wheat bread, I realized, but you know,
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ํ†ต๋ฐ€๋นต์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•Œ์•˜๋„ค์š”, ์–ด์จŒ๋“ 
08:39
jam on my Wonderbread, and some coffee --
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์žผ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํฐ๋นต๊ณผ ์ปคํ”ผ
08:43
and had we taken out all those ingredients,
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋ณด๋ฉด,
08:48
-- except for the almonds I wasn't going to pick out from the granola --
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๊ทธ๋ผ๋†€๋ผ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ๋Š” ๋นผ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:50
if we had taken out all those ingredients
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฒŒ์ด ์ง๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์‹œํ‚จ
08:53
the bees had indirectly or directly pollinated,
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์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์™ธ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด
08:56
we wouldn't have much on our plate.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹ํƒ์— ๋†“์ผ ์Œ์‹ ๊ฐ€์ง“์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
So if we did not have bees, it's not like we would starve,
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๋ฒŒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ํ…Œ์ง€๋งŒ,
09:01
but clearly our diet would be diminished.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋จน๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
It's said that for bees, the flower is the fountain of life,
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋ฒŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ๊ฝƒ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด๋ฉฐ,
09:09
and for flowers bees are the messengers of love.
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๊ฝƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฒŒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์˜ ์ „๋ น์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
And that's a really great expression, because really,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
09:15
bees are the sex workers for flowers. They are, you know --
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๊ฝƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฒŒ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
09:18
they get paid for their services.
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๋ฒŒ์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
They get paid by pollen and nectar,
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ์™€ ๊ฟ€๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:22
to move that male sperm, the pollen, from flower to flower.
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์ด ๊ฝƒ์—์„œ ์ € ๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ •์ž์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
And there are flowers that are self-infertile. That means they can't --
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๊ฝƒ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์žํ™”๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ,
09:29
the pollen in their bloom can't fertilize themselves.
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๋ด‰์˜ค๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
So in an apple orchard, for instance, you'll have rows of 10 apples
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ณผ์ˆ˜์›์— ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋‚˜๋ฌด 10๊ทธ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€
09:36
of one variety, and then you have another apple tree
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์ค„์ง€์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข… ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
09:39
that's a different type of pollen.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:41
And bees are very faithful.
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๋ฒŒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ถฉ์‹คํ•œ ํŽธ์ด๋ผ,
09:42
When they're out pollinating or gathering pollen from one flower,
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์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ๊ฝƒ์—์„œ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์„ ๋•Œ,
09:46
they stay to that crop exclusively, in order to help generate.
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๊ทธ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™œ๋™๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‹์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
09:50
And of course, they're made to carry this pollen.
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๋ฒŒ์€ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ฅด๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
They build up a static electric charge and the pollen jumps on them
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์ •์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋ ˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ถ™๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ยฃ
09:57
and helps spread that pollen from bloom to bloom.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฝƒ๋ด‰์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ €๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
10:01
However, honeybees are a minority.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Honeybees are not native to America; they were introduced
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์€ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ์›์‚ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
10:06
with the colonialists.
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์‹๋ฏผ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋“ค์—ฌ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
And there are actually more species of bees
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€
10:10
than there are mammals and birds combined.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…์˜ ๋ฒŒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ฃ .
10:12
In Pennsylvania alone, we have been surveying bees for 150 years,
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ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋งŒ๋„, 150๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”๊ณ ,
10:17
and very intensely in the last three years.
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์ตœ๊ทผ 3๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์•„์ฃผ ์‹ฌ๋„์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ค„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
We have identified over 400 species of bees in Pennsylvania.
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ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ์—์„œ 400์ข…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
Thirty-two species have not been identified or found in the state since 1950.
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32๊ฐœ ์ข…์€ 1950๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
10:31
Now, that could be because we haven't been sampling right,
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์ž, ์ด๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
but it does, I think, suggest that something's wrong
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„
10:36
with the pollinator force. And these bees are fascinating.
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์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
We have bumblebees on the top.
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๋งจ ์œ„์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•๋ฒŒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
10:41
And bumblebees are what we call eusocial: they're not truly social,
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ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•๋ฒŒ์€ ์ง„์‚ฌํšŒ์ (eusocial)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ์„ ๋ ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
10:44
because only the queen is, over winter.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ค์ง ์—ฌ์™•๋ฒŒ๋งŒ์ด ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ์ƒ์‹ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
We also have the sweat bees, and these are little gems flying around.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋•€๋ฒŒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ณด์„๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
They're like tiny little flies and they fly around.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒจ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
And then you have another type of bee, which we call kleptoparasites,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฒŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ƒ๋ฌผ(kleptoparasites)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
which is a very fancy way of saying, bad-minded, murdering --
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ชป๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ด์ธ์„ ์ผ์‚ผ๋Š” ์ข…์„ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
11:05
what's the word I'm looking for? Murdering --
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์žˆ์ฃ  ์ œ๊ฐ€? ์‚ด์ธ...
11:08
Audience: Bee?
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์ฒญ์ค‘: ๋ฒŒ์ด ์‚ด์ธ์„์š”?
11:09
Dennis vanEngelsdorp: Bee. Okay, thanks.
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๋ฐ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์—ฅ๊ฒ”์Šค๋„ํ”„: ์‚ด ๋ฒŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:12
What these bees do is, they sit there. These solitary bees,
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์ด ๋ฒŒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ผ์ž๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฒŒ์€
11:19
they drill a hole in the ground or drill a hole in a branch,
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๋•…์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ํŒŒ๊ณ ,
11:22
and they collect pollen and make it into a ball,
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„ ๊ณต๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
11:24
and they lay an egg on it.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
Well, these bees hang out at that hole,
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์ž, ์ด ๋ฒŒ์€ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ค์„œ
11:27
and they wait for that mother to fly away, they go in, eat the egg,
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์–ด๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„์šฐ๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ๋‹ค, ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ์•Œ์„ ๋จน์–ด์น˜์›Œ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
and lay their own egg there. So they don't do any work.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ž๊ธฐ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์ฃ . ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ์ƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:34
And so, in fact, if you know you have these kleptoparasitic bees,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ˆ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฒŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:39
you know that your environment is healthy,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:41
because they're top-of-the-food-chain bees.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ข…์ด ๋จน์ด์‚ฌ์Šฌ์˜ ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
And in fact, there is now a red list of pollinators
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋งค๊ฐœ์ž์˜ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
11:48
that we're worried have disappeared, and on top of that list
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„์—
11:52
are a lot of these kleptoparasites, but also these bumblebees.
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์ด ์ ˆ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค, ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•๋ฒŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
And in fact, if you guys live on the West Coast,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์„œ๋ถ€ ํ•ด์•ˆ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด,
11:57
go to these websites here, and they're really looking for people
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•๋ฒŒ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:00
to look for some of these bumblebees, because we think
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ
12:03
some have gone extinct. Or some, the population has declined.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฉธ์ข…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์š”.
12:07
And so it's not just honeybees that are in trouble,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
but we don't understand these native pollinators
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋งค๊ฐœ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
or all those other parts of our community.
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ํ˜น์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
12:16
And of course, bees are not the only important factor here.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
There are other animals that pollinate, like bats,
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์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๋•๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
12:22
and bats are in trouble too.
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๋ฐ•์ฅ ์—ญ์‹œ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
And I'm glad I'm a bee man and not a bat man,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐํŠธ๋งจ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ๋งจ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด๋ฐ์š”,
12:26
because there's no money to research the bat problems.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ•์ฅ๋ฌธ์ œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์“ธ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
And bats are dying at an extraordinary rate.
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๋“ค์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
White-nose syndrome has wiped out populations of bats.
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ดด์งˆ(White-nose Syndrome)์ด ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์“ธ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ฃ .
12:36
If there's a cave in New York that had 15,000 bats in it,
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๋‰ด์š•์— ๋งŒ์˜ค์ฒœ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋˜ ๋™๊ตด์—๋Š”,
12:41
and there are 1,000 left. That's like San Francisco
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ฒœ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ถ€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
12:45
becoming the population of half of this county in three years.
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์ด๊ณณ ์นด์šดํ‹ฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ 3๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
And so that's incredible. And there's no money to do that.
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์ •๋ง ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ผ์— ์“ธ ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
But I'm glad to say that I think we know the cause
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜
12:54
of all these conditions, and that cause is NDD:
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์›์ธ์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ NDD ์ฆ‰,
12:58
Nature Deficit Disorder.
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์ž์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•์žฅ์• (Nature Deficit Disorder) ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
And that is that I think that what we have in our society is,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
13:04
we forgot our connection with nature.
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ง๊ฐํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
And I think if we reconnect to nature,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:09
we'll be able to have the resources and that interest
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž์›๊ณผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„
13:12
to solve these problems.
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์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
And I think that there is an easy cure for NDD.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•์žฅ์• (NDD)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
13:17
And that is, make meadows and not lawns.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ, ์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
And I think we have lost our connection,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
13:23
and this is a wonderful way of reconnecting to our environment.
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
I've had the privilege of living by a meadow
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์–ผ๋งˆ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€ ์˜†์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŠน๊ถŒ์„
13:29
for the last little while, and it is terribly engaging.
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๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
And if we look at the history of lawns, it's actually rather tragic.
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์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”,
13:38
It used to be, two, three hundred years ago,
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2~3๋ฐฑ๋…„ ์ „๋งŒ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„,
13:40
that a lawn was a symbol of prestige,
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์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์€ ์ง€์œ„์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
and so it was only the very rich that could keep these green
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ‘ธ๋ฅด๋ฆ„์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:45
actually, deserts: they're totally sterile.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ง์ณ๋†“์•˜์ง€๋งŒ์š”. ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋“์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
Americans spent, in 2001 -- 11 percent of all pesticide use was done on lawns.
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2011๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ๋†์•ฝ ์ค‘ 11%๊ฐ€ ์ž”๋””์— ๋ฟŒ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
Five percent of our greenhouse gases are produced by mowing our lawns.
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์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 5%๊ฐ€ ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ๊น๋Š”๋ฐ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
And so it's incredible the amount of resources we've spent
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์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์€ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์›์˜ ์–‘์€ ์‹ค๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
keeping our lawns, which are these useless biosystems.
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์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณ„์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:06
And so we need to rethink this idea.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์งš์–ด๋ณด์•„์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
In fact, you know, the White House
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š”
14:11
used to have sheep in front in order to help fund
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์ œ1์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ž๋œฐ์— ์–‘์„
14:13
the war effort in World War I, which probably is not a bad idea;
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ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
14:16
it wouldn't be a bad idea.
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๋‚˜์œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
I want to say this not because I'm opposed completely to mowing lawns.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ž”๋””๋ฐญ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ธฐ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
I think that there is perhaps some advantage to keeping lawns
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์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์„ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋“์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
at a limited scale, and I think we're encouraged to do that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์€ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
But I also want to reinforce some of the ideas we've heard here,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
because having a meadow or living by a meadow is transformational.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
That it is amazing that connection we can have with what's there.
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์ € ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
These milkweed plants have grown up in my meadow
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ€ํฌ์œ„๋“œ(Milkweed)๋Š” ์ œ ์ดˆ์ง€์—์„œ
14:41
over the last four years. Add to watch the different plants,
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์ง€๋‚œ 4๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ
14:45
or insects, that come to these flowers, to watch that --
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๊ฝƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ...
14:49
and we've heard about, you know, this relationship you can have with wine,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์™€์ธ์— ๋น ์ ธ๋“œ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
this companion you can have as it matures
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์ˆ™์„ฑํ•ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ’ˆ๊ฒŒ๋˜๊ณ ,
14:55
and as it has these different fragrances.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ ๋‚˜ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”...
14:57
And this is a companion,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฒ—์ด์ฃ .
14:59
and this is a relationship that never dries up.
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋งค๋งˆ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
You never run out of that companion as you drink this wine, too.
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ˆ™์„ฑ๋œ ์™€์ธ์„ ๋งˆ์‹ค ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ ๋А๋‚Œ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ง๋ผ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
And I encourage you to look at that.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
Now, not all of us have meadows,
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
15:11
or lawns that we can convert, and so you can always, of course,
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๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž”๋””๋ฐญ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
15:14
grow a meadow in a pot.
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ํ™”๋ถ„์—๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
Bees apparently, can be the gateway to, you know, other things.
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๋ฒŒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์•„์‹คํ…Œ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
So I'm not saying that you should plant a meadow of pot,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™”๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง„ ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
15:23
but a pot in a meadow.
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๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€์—์„œ ํ™”๋ถ„์„ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
But you can also have this great community of city
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๋„์‹œ ์† ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
or building-top beekeepers, these beekeepers that live --
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜ฅ์ƒ ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ . ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ„๋“ค์€...
15:32
This is in Paris where these beekeepers live.
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์ด ์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
And everyone should open a beehive,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฒŒํ†ต์„ ์—ด์–ด๋ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
because it is the most amazing, incredible thing.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
And if we want to cure ourselves of NDD, or Nature Deficit Disorder,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ NDD ์ฆ‰ ์ž์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:43
I think this is a great way of doing it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
Get a beehive and grow a meadow,
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๋ฒŒํ†ต์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ณ 
15:47
and watch that life come back into your life.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ™œ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ ...
15:50
And so with that, I think that what we can do, if we do this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:54
we can make sure that our future -- our more perfect future --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜, ๋ณด๋‹ค ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์•ˆ์—๋Š”
15:57
includes beekeepers and it includes bees and it includes those meadows.
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์–‘๋ด‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฒŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
And that journey -- that journey of transformation that occurs
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ธธ์€, ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ธธ์€
16:05
as you grow your meadow and as you keep your bees
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ดˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ณ , ๋ฒŒ์„ ์น˜๊ณ ,
16:08
or you watch those native bees there -- is an extremely exciting one.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„์˜จ ๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
16:12
And I hope that you experience it
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ,
16:13
and I hope you tell me about it one day.
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
So thank you very much for being here. Thank you very much.
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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