Who belongs in a city? | OluTimehin Adegbeye

Prevoditelj: Marija Kostović Recezent: Sanda L

Cities are like siblings in a large polygamous family.

Gradovi su kao braća u velikoj poligamnoj obitelji.

Each one has a unique personality and is headed in a distinct direction.

Svaki ima jedinstvenu osobnost i svoj vlastiti smjer.

But they all have somewhat shared origins.

Ali svi imaju podrijetlom nešto zajedničko.

Sometimes I think postcolonial cities are like the children

Ponekad mislim da su postkolonijalni gradovi poput djece

of the two least-favorite wives,

dviju najmanje dragih supruga,

who are constantly being asked,

koja stalno slušaju pitanje

"Ah, why can't you be more like your sister?"

"Zašto ne možeš biti poput svoje sestre?"

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

The "why" of cities is largely the same, no matter where they are:

To "zašto" zajedničko je svim gradovima, bez obzira gdje se nalaze:

an advantageous location that makes trade and administration possible;

prestižna lokacija koja omogućuje trgovinu i administraciju,

the potential for scalable opportunities

potencijal za prilagodljive prilike

for the skilled and unskilled alike;

za kvalificirane i nekvalificirane radnike;

a popular willingness to be in constant flux

popularna spremnost na neprekidan tijek

and, of course, resilience.

i, naravno, fleksibilnost.

The "how" of cities, however, is a whole other story.

Ali ono "kako", druga je priča.

How are they run?

Kako se njima upravlja?

How do they grow?

Kako rastu?

How do they decide who belongs and who doesn't?

Kako odlučuju tko pripada, a tko ne?

Lagos is my home.

Moj dom je Lagos.

You can always find the Nigerians

Nigerijce lako pronađete

ako pratite buku i ples, zar ne?

by following the noise and the dancing, right?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Like any major city, that place is a lot of things,

Kao i drugi veliki gradovi, taj grad predstavlja puno stvari,

many of which are highly contradictory.

a mnoge su vrlo kontradiktorne.

Our public transportation doesn't quite work,

Javni prijevoz baš ne funkcionira,

so we have these privately owned bright yellow buses

tako da imamo privatne žarko žute autobuse

that regularly cause accidents.

koji redovito uzrokuju nesreće.

Luxury car showrooms line badly maintained and often flooded roads.

Luksuzni auto saloni loše se održavaju, ceste su poplavljene.

Street evangelism is only slightly less ubiquitous

Ulični propovjednici tek su nešto manje sveprisutni

than street harassment.

od uličnih nasilnika.

Sex workers sometimes have two degrees, a bank job

Prostitutke često imaju dvije diplome, posao u banci

and a prominent role in church.

i važnu ulogu u crkvi.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

On any given day,

Svakoga dana

there can be either a party or a burned body

možete naići bilo na zabavu ili spaljeni leš

in the middle of a street.

nasred ulice.

There is so much that is possible in Lagos

Toliko je mogućnosti u Lagosu,

and so much that isn't,

ali i nemogućnosti

and very often the difference between possibility and impossibility

i često razliku između onoga što je moguće i nemoguće

is simply who you are,

čini ono što ste vi sami,

and if you're lucky enough, who you're connected to.

i ako imate sreće - s kim ste povezani.

Belonging in Lagos is a fluid concept

Pripadnost u Lagosu fluidan je koncept,

determined by ethnic origin, sexual orientation, gender,

određen etničkim podrijetlom, seksualnom orijentacijom, spolom,

but most visibly and often most violently,

ali i onime što je najvidljivije i često najnasilnije,

class.

klasom.

Before Nigeria became a country,

Prije nego što je Nigerija postala država,

fisherpeople from the inland creeks started to come down the Lagos lagoon

ribari iz obližnjih zaljeva pristizali su niz lagunu Lagosa

and establish villages along the coast.

i osnivali sela duž obale.

About 60 years later, my grandfather, Oludotun Adekunle Kukoyi,

Oko 60 godina kasnije, moj djed Oludotun Adekunle Kukoyi

also arrived in Lagos.

također je došao u Lagos.

Like me, he was an alumnus of the University of Ibadan,

Poput mene, diplomirao je na Sveučilištu u Ibadanu

a young member of the educated elite in the independence era.

i bio je mladi pripadnik obrazovane elite u doba neovisnosti.

Over time, he built an illustrious career as a land surveyor,

Postupno je gradio sjajnu karijeru geodeta,

mapping out now-bustling neighborhoods

izrađujući karte sada užurbanih kvartova

when they were just waist-high wild grass.

dok su još bili livade pune visokog korova.

He died when I was nine.

Preminuo je kada sam imala 9 godina.

And by that time, my family, like the families of those fisherpeople,

Do tog doba su moja obitelj, kao i te ribarske obitelji,

knew Lagos as home.

Lagos smatrali domom.

Among the Yoruba, we have a saying,

Postoji izreka naroda Yoruba:

"Èkó gb’olè, ó gb’ọ̀lẹ,"

"Èkó gb’olè, ó gb’ọ̀lẹ,"

which can be translated to mean that Lagos will welcome anyone.

koja znači da Lagos svakome želi dobrodošlicu.

But that saying is becoming less and less true.

No, ta izreka postaje sve manje istinita.

Many Lagosians, including the descendants of those fisherpeople

Mnogi Lagošani, uključujući potomke onih ribara

who arrived generations before my grandfather,

koji su pristigli generacijama prije mog djeda,

are now being pushed out

sada se izbacuju

da bi napravili prostora

to make room for an emergent city

that has been described as "the new Dubai."

za grad u nastajanju, "novi Dubai".

You see, Lagos inspires big dreams, even in its leaders,

Lagos potiče snove, čak i među svojim vođama,

and successive governments have declared aspirations

i vlade su jedna za drugom pokazivale težnju

towards a megacity where poverty does not exist.

prema megapolisu u kojem ne postoji siromaštvo.

Unfortunately, instead of focusing on the eradication of poverty

Nažalost, umjesto da se usredotoče na iskorjenjivanje siromaštva,

as you would expect,

kako biste očekivali,

the strategy of choice focuses on eliminating the poor.

plan im je ukloniti siromašne.

U listopadu prošle godine guverner je najavio

Last October, the Governor announced plans

to demolish every single waterfront settlement in Lagos.

uništenje svih domova uz obalu u Lagosu.

There are more than 40 of these indigenous communities

Više je od 40 tih autohtonih zajednica

diljem grada,

all over the city,

with over 300,000 people living in them.

a u njima živi preko 300.000 ljudi.

Otodo Gbame,

Otodo Gbame,

a hundred-year-old fishing village

ribarsko selo staro stotinu godina,

with a population about three-quarters that of Monaco

veličine triju četvrtine Monaka,

and similar potential for beachfront luxury --

sa sličnim potencijalom obalnog luksuza...

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

was one of the first to be targeted.

prvi je bio na meti.

I first heard of Otodo Gbame after the demolition started.

Za Otodo Gbame sam čula kada je krenulo rušenje.

When I visited in November 2016, I met Magdalene Aiyefoju.

Posjetila sam ga u studenome 2016. i upoznala Magdalene Aiyefoju.

She is a now-homeless woman

Ona je sada beskućnica,

whose surname means, "the world is blind."

čije prezime znači "svijet je slijep".

Magdalene's son Basil was one of over 20 people

Magdalenin sin Basil jedan je od preko 20 ljudi

who were shot, drowned

koji su ustrijeljeni, utopljeni,

ili se smatraju poginulima tijekom te krađe zemlje.

or presumed dead in that land grab.

Standing outside her shelter, I saw the two white-sand football fields

Ispred njezinog skrovišta dva su pješčana nogometna igrališta

where Basil used to play.

na kojima se Basil igrao.

Spread all around us were the ruins of schools, churches,

Oko nas širile su se ruševine škola, crkava,

ambulante, trgovina,

a primary health center, shops,

thousands of homes.

na tisuće domova.

Young children enthusiastically helped to put up shelters,

Djeca su zaneseno pomagala izgraditi skloništa,

and about 5,000 of the residents, with nowhere else to go,

a oko 5.000 stanovnika koji nisu imali kamo,

simply stayed put.

jednostavno su ostali tamo gdje jesu.

And then in April,

U travnju

state security personnel came back.

državni zaštitari su se vratili.

Ovoga puta potpuno su ispraznili zajednicu

This time, they cleared the community out completely,

with beatings, bullets and fire.

batinama, mecima i vatrom.

As I speak, there are construction crews preparing Otodo Gbame's beaches

Dok ovo govorim, građevinari pripremaju plaže u Otodo Gbameu

za svakoga tko si može priuštiti pogled vrijedan milijune dolara.

for anyone who can afford a multi-million-dollar view.

The new development is called "Periwinkle Estate."

Novi kompleks zove se "Periwinkle Estate".

Forced evictions are incredibly violent and, of course, unconstitutional.

Prisilne deložacije jako su nasilne i, naravno, neustavne.

And yet, they happen so often in so many of our cities,

A ipak se događaju tako često u mnogim našim gradovima,

because the first thing we are taught to forget about poor people

jer prvo nas uče da zaboravimo kod siromašnih

is that they are people.

da su i oni ljudi.

We believe that a home is a thing a person absolutely has a right to,

Vjerujemo da ljudi imaju svako pravo na dom,

unless the person is poor and the home is built a certain way

osim ako su to siromašni i ako dom nije izgrađen na određen način,

in a certain neighborhood.

u određenom kvartu.

But there is no single definition of the word "home."

No, ne postoji jedna definicija riječi "dom".

After all, what is a slum besides an organic response

Što je straćara nego organski odgovor

to acute housing deficits and income inequality?

na akutni nedostatak smještaja i nejednakost u primanjima?

And what is a shanty if not a person making a home for themselves

I baraka je dom koji je netko stvorio za sebe,

against all odds?

usprkos svemu.

Straćare su nesavršena stambena rješenja,

Slums are an imperfect housing solution,

but they are also prime examples of the innovation, adaptability

ali i vrhunski primjer inovacije, prilagodljivosti

and resilience at the foundation --

i fleksibilnosti u temeljima...

i srcu...

and the heart --

of every functional city.

svakog funkcionalnog grada.

You don't need to be the new Dubai

Ne moraš biti novi Dubai

when you're already Lagos.

ako si već Lagos.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

We have our own identity,

Imamo svoj vlastiti identitet,

our own rhythm,

svoj ritam

and as anyone who knows Lagos can tell you,

i svatko tko poznaje Lagos reći će vam

poor Lagosians are very often the source of the city's character.

da su siromašni Lagošani često izvor duha u gradu.

Without its poor, Lagos would not be known for its music

Bez siromašnih Lagos ne bi bio poznat po glazbi,

or its endless energy

ili beskrajnoj energiji,

ili mogućnosti kupovine hladnog pića ili štenca

or even the fact that you can buy an ice cold drink or a puppy

through your car window.

kroz prozor automobila.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

The conditions that cause us to define certain neighborhoods as slums

Uvjeti prema kojima kvartove proglašavamo straćarama

can be effectively improved,

mogu se značajno poboljšati,

but not without recognizing the humanity and the agency

ali ne ako ne prepoznamo humanost i trud

of the people living in them.

ljudi koji u njima žive.

U Lagosu gdje su javna dobra rijetko javno dostupna,

In Lagos, where public goods are rarely publicly available,

žitelji straćara često predvode u inovativnim rješenjima.

slum dwellers are often at the forefront of innovating solutions.

After being disconnected from the grid for months

Nakon što su mjesecima bili bez struje,

because the power company couldn't figure out how to collect bills,

jer opskrbljivač nije znao kako naplatiti račune,

one settlement designed a system that collectivized remittances

jedan je kvart osmislio sustav kolektivne naplate

and got everyone cheaper rates into the bargain.

i svima priskrbio jeftiniju struju.

Another settlement created a reform program

Drugi je kvart osmislio reformu

that hires local bad boys as security.

u kojoj su lokalni nasilnici angažirani kao zaštitari.

They know every trick and every hideout,

Oni znaju sve trikove i sva skrovišta

so now troublemakers are more likely to get caught and reported to police

pa je veća vjerojatnost da će se huligani uhvatiti i privesti policiji,

and fewer of the youth end up engaging in criminal activity.

a i da će se manje mladih baviti kriminalom.

Yet another settlement recently completed

Drugo je naselje nedavno napravilo

a flood-safe, eco-friendly communal toilet system.

ekološki komunalni sustav zahoda zaštićen od poplava.

Models like these are being adopted across Lagos.

Takvi se modeli usvajaju diljem Lagosa.

Informal settlements are incorrectly named as the problem.

Ovakve četvrti neispravno se smatraju problemom.

In fact, the real problems are the factors that create them,

Zapravo, stvarni problem su čimbenici koji ih stvaraju,

like the entrenchment of poverty,

poput ukorijenjenog siromaštva,

social exclusion

marginalizacije društva

and state failures.

i neuspjeha same države.

When our governments frame slums as threats

Kada država straćare proglasi prijetnjom,

in order to justify violent land grabs or forced evictions,

kako bi opravdala nasilnu otimačinu ili prisilne deložacije,

they're counting on those of us who live in formal housing

računaju da ćemo se mi, koji živimo u uređenim domovima,

to tacitly and ignorantly agree with them.

prešutno i ignorantski složiti s njima.

Rather, we must remind them

Umjesto toga, moramo ih podsjetiti

that governments exist to serve not only those who build

da vlast postoji kako bi služila ne samo onima koji grade

and live in luxury homes,

i žive u luksuznim domovima,

but also those who clean and guard them.

već i onima koji te domove čiste i čuvaju.

Our --

Naše...

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

our realities may differ,

Naše se stvarnosti mogu razlikovati,

but our rights don't.

ali naša prava ne.

The Lagos state government,

Vladajući u Lagosu,

like far too many on our continent,

kao i mnogi na našem kontinentu,

pays lip service to ideas of inclusion,

propagiraju ideje uključivosti,

while acting as though progress can only be achieved

a istovremeno djeluju kao da napredak ovisi isključivo

by the erasure, exploitation and even elimination of groups

o brisanju, iskorištavanju i eliminaciji skupina

it considers expendable.

koje smatraju potrošnima.

People living with disabilities who hawk or beg on Lagos streets

Invalidi koji torbare ili prose na ulicama Lagosa

are rounded up, extorted

okupljaju se, muče

and detained.

i zatvaraju.

Women in low-income neighborhoods are picked up

Žene u siromašnim četvrtima skupljaju

and charged with prostitution,

i optužuju za prostituciju,

regardless of what they actually do for a living.

bez obzira čime se stvarno bave.

Gay citizens are scapegoated to distract from real political problems.

Gay osobe služe kao žrtvena janjad za odvraćanje od pravih političkih problema.

But people, like cities, are resilient,

No, ljudi su, poput gradova, otporni,

and no amount of legislation or intimidation or violence

i nikakvi zakoni, zastrašivanje ili nasilje

can fully eliminate any of us.

ne mogu nas potpuno ukloniti.

Prostitutke, žene i žene koje se bave prostitucijom

Prostitutes, women and women who work as prostitutes

still haven't gone extinct,

još nisu izumrle,

despite centuries of active suppression.

bez obzira na stoljeća aktivnog suzbijanja.

Queer Africans continue to exist,

Queer osobe u Africi i dalje postoje,

even though queerness is now criminalized in most parts of the continent.

premda je to kazneno djelo na većem dijelu kontinenta.

And I'm fairly certain that poor people don't generally tend to just disappear

I prilično sam sigurna da siromašni nemaju namjeru nestati

because they've been stripped of everything they have.

samo zato što im je oteto sve što su imali.

We are all already here,

Svi smo već tu

and that answers the question

i to je odgovor na pitanje

of whether or not we belong.

pripadamo li ili ne.

When those fisherpeople started to sail down the lagoon

Kada su oni ribari plovili lagunom

in search of new homes,

u potrazi za novim domom,

it could not have occurred to them

nisu mogli ni pomisliti

that the city that would rise up around them

da će ih grad koji će se razviti oko njih,

would one day insist that they do not belong in it.

jednog dana uvjeravati da tu ne pripadaju.

I like to believe that my grandfather,

Želim vjerovati da je moj djed,

in mapping new frontiers for Lagos,

prilikom crtanja granica Lagosa,

was trying to open it up

nastojao otvoriti ga

to make room for other people to be welcomed by the city

i napraviti mjesta za druge ljude koji bi bili dobrodošli u grad,

in the same way that he was.

kao što je i on bio.

On my way here, my grandma called me

Na putu ovamo zvala me baka

to remind me how proud she was,

da me podsjeti kako je ponosna na mene,

how proud [my grandfather] and my mother would have been.

kako bi djed i majka bili ponosni.

I am their dreams come true.

Ja sam ispunjenje njihovog sna.

But there is no reason why their dreams -- or mine, for that matter --

Ali nema razloga da se njihovi snovi, ili čak moji,

are allowed to come true

ispunjavaju,

while those of others are turned to nightmares.

dok se snovi drugih pretvaraju u noćne more.

And lest we forget:

Da ne zaboravimo:

the minimum requirement for a dream

minimalan zahtjev za snove

is a safe place to lay your head.

je sigurno mjesto gdje ćete nasloniti glavu.

It is too late now for Basil,

Za Basila je prekasno,

but not for Magdalene,

ali za Magdalene nije,

not for the hundreds of thousands,

kao ni za stotine tisuća,

the millions still under threat in Lagos

milijune kojima se prijeti u Lagosu,

or any of our cities.

ili u našim drugim gradovima.

The world does not have to remain blind

Svijet ne mora biti slijep

na patnje koje stvaramo kada uskratimo ljudskost,

to the suffering that is created when we deny people's humanity,

or even to the incredible potential for growth that exists

niti na ogroman potencijal za rast koji postoji

when we recognize and value all contributions.

kada prepoznamo i cijenimo sve doprinose.

We must hold our governments

Vladajuće i sebe

and ourselves

moramo smatrati

accountable

odgovornima

for keeping our shared cities safe for everyone in them,

za sigurnost zajedničkih gradova za sve,

because the only cities worth building --

jer gradovi koje zaista vrijedi graditi,

indeed, the only futures worth dreaming of --

budućnosti koje vrijedi sanjati,

are those that include all of us,

uključuju sve nas,

no matter who we are

bez obzira na to tko smo

or how we make homes for ourselves.

ili kako stvaramo svoje domove.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)