Tyrone Hayes + Penelope Jagessar Chaffer: The toxic baby?

Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

Penelope Jagessar Chaffer: I was going to ask if there's a doctor in the house.

Penelope Jagessar Chaffer: Htjela sam pitati ima li ovdje koji doktor.

No, I'm just joking.

Ne, samo se šalim.

It's interesting, because it was six years ago

Zanimljivo je da sam, prije šest godina

when I was pregnant with my first child

kada sam bila trudna s prvim djetetom,

that I discovered

otkrila

that the most commonly used preservative

da najučestaliji konzervans

in baby care products

u proizvodima dječje njege

mimics estrogen

oponaša estrogen

when it gets into the human body.

kad dospije u ljudsko tijelo.

Now it's very easy actually

Kemijski spoj iz proizvoda

to get a chemical compound from products

zapravo vrlo lako može dospijeti

into the human body through the skin.

u ljudsko tijelo kroz kožu.

And these preservatives had been found

A ovi konzervansi su pronađeni

in breast cancer tumors.

kod raka dojke.

That was the start of my journey

Bio je to početak mog putovanja

to make this film, "Toxic Baby."

da bih napravila ovaj film „Otrovano dijete“.

And it doesn't take much time

I nije mi trebalo mnogo vremena

to discover some really astonishing statistics

da otkrijem neke doista zapanjujuće statistike

with this issue.

vezane uz taj problem.

One is that you and I all have

Jedno je da vi i ja svi imamo

between 30 to 50,000 chemicals

30.000-50.000 kemikalija

in our bodies

u našim tijelima

that our grandparents didn't have.

koje naši bake i djedovi nisu imali.

And many of these chemicals

A mnoge od tih kemikalija

are now linked to the skyrocketing incidents

sad su neosporno povezane

of chronic childhood disease

s kroničnim dječjim bolestima

that we're seeing across industrialized nations.

koje viđamo duž industrijaliziranih zemalja.

I'll show you some statistics.

Pokazat ću vam neke statistike.

So for example, in the United Kingdom,

Na primjer, u Ujedinjenom je Kraljevstvu

the incidence of childhood leukemia

učestalost leukemija u djece

has risen by 20 percent just in a generation.

porasla za 20 posto u samo jednoj generaciji.

Very similar statistic for childhood cancer in the U.S.

Vrlo je slična statistika za rak u dječjoj dobi u SAD-u.

In Canada, we're now looking at one in 10 Canadian children with asthma.

U Kanadi sada imamo jedno od desetero djece oboljelo od astme.

That's a four-fold increase.

To je četverostruki porast.

Again, similar story around the world.

Opet, slična je priča diljem svijeta.

In the United States,

U SAD-u je

probably the most astonishing statistic

vjerojatno najzapanjujuća statistika

is a 600 percent increase

600%-tni porast

in autism and autistic spectrum disorders

autizma i poremećaja vezanih za autistični spektar

and other learning disabilities.

i ostalih nesposobnosti prilikom učenja.

Again, we're seeing that trend

Opet, vidimo taj trend

across Europe, across North America.

diljem Europe i Sjeverne Amerike.

And in Europe,

A u Europi

there's certain parts of Europe,

postoje određeni dijelovi

where we're seeing a four-fold increase

gdje imamo četverostruk porast

in certain genital birth defects.

u određenim genitalnim urođenim manama.

Interestingly, one of those birth defects

Zanimljivo, jedna od tih urođenih mana

has seen a 200 percent increase in the U.S.

doživjela je 200%-tni porast u SAD-u.

So a real skyrocketing

To je doista enorman porast

of chronic childhood disease

kroničnih dječjih bolesti

that includes other things

koje uključuju ostale stvari

like obesity and juvenile diabetes,

poput gojaznosti i dječjeg dijabetesa

premature puberty.

i preranog puberteta.

So it's interesting for me,

Za mene je zanimljivo,

when I'm looking for someone who can really talk to me

kad tražim nekoga tko zaista može pričati meni

and talk to an audience about these things,

i publici o tim stvarima,

that probably one of the most important people in the world

da je vjerojatno jedan od najvažnijih ljudi na svijetu

who can discuss toxicity in babies

koji može govoriti o toksičnosti kod djece

is expert in frogs.

stručnjak za žabe.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Tyrone Hayes: It was a surprise to me as well

Tyrone Hayes: Za mene je također bilo iznenađenje to što,

that I would be talking about pesticides,

osim što ću govoriti o pesticidima,

that I'd be talking about public health,

govorit ću i o javnom zdravstvu

because, in fact, I never thought I would do anything useful.

jer, zapravo, nikad nisam mislio da ću raditi nešto korisno.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Frogs.

Žabe.

In fact, my involvement in the whole pesticide issue

Zapravo, moje sudjelovanje u cijelom tom problemu s pesticidima

was sort of a surprise as well

je na neki način bilo iznenađenje

when I was approached by the largest chemical company in the world

kao i kada mi je pristupila najveća kemijska industrija na svijetu

and they asked me if I would evaluate

i pitala me hoću li procijeniti

how atrazine affected amphibians, or my frogs.

kako atrazin dijeluje na vodozemce iliti moje žabe.

It turns out, atrazine is the largest selling product

Ispada kako je atrazin proizvod koji ima najveću prodaju

for the largest chemical company in the world.

u najvećoj kemijskoj industriji na svijetu.

It's the number one contaminant

To je zagađivač koji je na prvom mjestu

of groundwater, drinking water, rain water.

po zagađivanju podzemnih voda, voda za piće i kišnica.

In 2003, after my studies, it was banned in the European Union,

2003. godine nakon mojih studija, zabranjen je u Europskoj Uniji,

but in that same year,

ali iste godine

the United States EPA re-registered the compound.

američka EPA (*Agencija za zaštitu okoliša) ponovno je registrirala tu tvar.

We were a bit surprised when we found out

Bili smo pomalo iznenađeni kad smo saznali da,

that when we exposed frogs

kada izložimo žabe

to very low levels of atrazine -- 0.1 parts per billion --

vrlo niskim razinama atrazina –- 0.1 µg/L–-

that it produced animals that look like this.

to dovodi do toga da životinje izgledaju ovako.

These are the dissected gonads of an animal

Ovo su secirane gonade životinje

that has two testes, two ovaries,

koja ima dva testisa, dva jajnika,

another large testis, more ovaries,

još jedan veliki testis, još jajnika,

which is not normal ...

što nije normalno...

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

even for amphibians.

čak ni za vodozemce.

In some cases, another species like the North American Leopard Frog

U nekim slučajevima, druge vrste, poput sjevernoameričke leopard žabe,

showed that males exposed to atrazine grew eggs in their testes.

pokazale su da su mužjacima koji su bili izloženi atrazinu narasla jaja u njihovim testisima.

And you can see these large, yolked-up eggs

Vidite ova velika, ogromna jaja

bursting through the surface of this male's testes.

kako probijaju kroz površinu testisa ovog mužjaka.

Now my wife tells me, and I'm sure Penelope can as well,

Žena mi kaže, a siguran sam da to isto može potvrditi i Penelope

that there's nothing more painful than childbirth --

da ne postoji bol jača od rađanja –

which that I'll never experience, I can't really argue that --

što nikada nisam iskusio i zaista ne mogu raspravljati o tome –

but I would guess that a dozen chicken eggs in my testicle

ali pretpostavljam da bi tucet kokošjih jaja u mojim testisima

would probably be somewhere in the top five.

bilo negdje u prvih pet (najjačih boli).

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

In recent studies that we've published,

U nedavnim studijama koje smo objavili,

we've shown that some of these animals when they're exposed to atrazine,

prikazali smo da kod nekih od ovih životinja koje su bile izložene atrazinu,

some of the males grow up

neki mužjaci odrastu

and completely become females.

i potpuno postanu ženke.

So these are actually two brothers consummating a relationship.

Tu zapravo imamo dva brata u savršenom odnosu.

And not only do these genetic males mate with other males,

I ne samo da se ti genetički mužjaci pare s drugim mužjacima,

they actually have the capacity to lay eggs

oni zapravo imaju sposobnost leći jaja,

even though they're genetic males.

iako su genetički mužjaci.

What we proposed,

Ono što smo predložili,

and what we've now generated support for,

a sada za to imamo potporu,

is that what atrazine is doing

je da to što atrazin radi,

is wreaking havoc causing a hormone imbalance.

to je osvetoljubivi kaos koji uzrokuje disbalans hormona.

Normally the testes should make testosterone,

U normalnim bi okolnostima testisi trebali proizvoditi testosteron,

the male hormone.

muški hormon.

But what atrazine does is it turns on an enzyme,

Ali atrazin uključuje enzim

the machinery if you will, aromatase,

ili ako vam je draže aparat, aromatazu

that converts testosterone into estrogen.

koji pretvara testosteron u estrogen.

And as a result, these exposed males

I kao rezultat, ti izloženi mužjaci

lose their testosterone, they're chemically castrated,

gube svoj testosteron, kemijski su kastrirani

and they're subsequently feminized

i nakon toga feminizirani

because now they're making the female hormone.

jer sada stvaraju ženski hormon.

Now this is what brought me to the human-related issues.

Evo što me dovelo do problema vezanih za ljude.

Because it turns out

Zato što ispada

that the number one cancer in women, breast cancer,

da je broj jedan na ljestvici rakova kod žena, rak dojke,

is regulated by estrogen and by this enzyme aromatase.

reguliran estrogenom i ovim enzimom, aromatazom.

So when you develop a cancerous cell in your breast,

Dakle, kada razvijete kancerogenu stanicu u vašim dojkama,

aromatase converts androgens into estrogens,

aromataza pretvara androgene u estrogene,

and that estrogen turns on or promotes

a taj estrogen uključuje ili potiče

the growth of that cancer

rast tog raka

so that it turns into a tumor and spreads.

te se on pretvara u tumor i širi se.

In fact, this aromatase is so important in breast cancer

Ustvari, ta je aromataza toliko važna u raku dojke

that the latest treatment for breast cancer

da je najnoviji lijek za rak dojke

is a chemical called letrozole,

kemikalija pod nazivom letrozol,

which blocks aromatase, blocks estrogen,

koja blokira aromatazu, blokira estrogen,

so that if you developed a mutated cell, it doesn't grow into a tumor.

pa u slučaju da razvijete mutiranu stanicu, to neće prerasti u tumor.

Now what's interesting is, of course,

Ono što je zanimljivo je, naravno,

that we're still using 80 million pounds of atrazine,

to da još uvijek koristimo 35 milijuna kilograma atrazina,

the number one contaminant in drinking water, that does the opposite --

zagađivača broj jedan što se pitke vode tiče, koji radi suprotno –

turns on aromatase, increases estrogen

uključuje aromatazu, povećava razinu estrogena

and promotes tumors in rats

i dovodi do tumora kod štakora

and is associated with tumors, breast cancer, in humans.

i povezan je s tumorima, rakom dojke, kod ljudi.

What's interesting is, in fact,

Ono što je zanimljivo je zapravo to da

the same company that sold us 80 million pounds of atrazine,

ista kompanija koja nam je prodala 35 milijuna kilograma atrazina,

the breast cancer promoter,

promovira rak dojke

now sells us the blocker -- the exact same company.

prodajući nam blokere – ista kompanija.

And so I find it interesting

I smatram zanimljivim

that instead of treating this disease

to da umjesto da liječimo ovu bolest

by preventing exposure to the chemicals that promote it,

prevencijom izloženosti kemikalijama koje ju promoviraju,

we simply respond

mi jednostavno odgovaramo

by putting more chemicals into the environment.

tako što odlažemo sve više kemikalija u okoliš.

PJC: So speaking of estrogen,

PJC: Govoreći o estrogenu,

one of the other compounds that Tyrone talks about in the film

jedan od drugih spojeva o kojima Tyrone govori u filmu

is something called bisphenol A, BPA,

je nešto pod imenom bisfenol A, BPA,

which has been in the news recently.

koji je nedavno bio u vijestima.

It's a plasticizer.

To je plastifikator.

It's a compound that's found in polycarbonate plastic,

To je spoj koji nalazimo u polikarbonatnoj plastici,

which is what baby bottles are made out of.

od čega su napravljene dječje bočice.

And what's interesting about BPA

Ono što je zanimljivo u vezi BPA

is that it's such a potent estrogen

je to da je to toliko moćan estrogen

that it was actually once considered for use

da je jednom čak uzet u obzir za upotrebu

as a synthetic estrogen in hormone placement therapy.

kao sintetički estrogen u hormonskoj nadomjesnoj terapiji.

And there have been many, many, many studies that have shown

I bilo je mnogo, mnogo, mnogo studija koje su pokazale

that BPA leaches from babies' bottles

da se BPA veže s dječjih bočica

into the formula, into the milk,

u formulu, u mlijeko

and therefore into the babies.

i samim time u djecu.

So we're dosing our babies,

Znači mi svojoj djeci,

our newborns, our infants,

svojoj novorođenčadi, svojoj dojenčadi

with a synthetic estrogen.

dajemo sintetički estrogen.

Now two weeks ago or so,

Prije otprilike dva tjedna,

the European Union passed a law

Europska Unija donijela je zakon

banning the use of BPA

kojim zabranjuje upotrebu BPA

in babies' bottles and sippy cups.

kod dječjih bočica i čašica iz kojih piju.

And for those of you who are not parents,

A za vas koji niste roditelji,

sippy cups are those little plastic things

čašice su vam one male plastične stvari

that your child graduates to after using bottles.

na kojima vaše djete uči piti nakon bočice.

But just two weeks before that,

Ali samo dva tjedna prije toga

the U.S. Senate refused to even debate

Senat SAD-a odbio je čak i raspravu

the banning of BPA

o zabrani BPA

in babies' bottles and sippy cups.

u dječjim bočicama i čašicama.

So it really makes you realize

Sada zaista možete shvatiti

the onus on parents

teret roditelja

to have to look at this and regulate this and police this

koji ovo moraju tražiti, regulirati i nadzirati

in their own lives

u svojim životima

and how astonishing that is.

i možete misliti koliko je to zadivljujuće.

(Video) PJC: With many plastic baby bottles

(Video) PJC: Dokazano je da mnogo dječjih plastičnih bočica

now proven to leak the chemical bisphenol A,

ispušta kemikaliju bisfenol A

it really shows how sometimes

i to zaista pokazuje kako je ponekad

it is only a parent's awareness

jedino roditeljska samosvijest

that stands between chemicals and our children.

ono što stoji između kemikalija i naše djece.

The baby bottle scenario proves

Slučaj s dječjim bočicama dokazuje

that we can prevent unnecessary exposure.

da možemo spriječiti nepotrebno izlaganje.

However, if we parents are unaware,

Kako god, ako mi roditelji nismo svjesni,

we are leaving our children

ostavljamo svoju djecu

to fend for themselves.

da se sama brane.

TH: And what Penelope says here

TH: Ono što Penelope ovdje kaže

is even more true.

je još točnije.

For those of you who don't know, we're in the middle of the sixth mass extinction.

Za vas koji ne znate, upravo smo usred šestog masovnog izumiranja.

Scientists agree now.

Znanstvenici se sada slažu.

We are losing species from the Earth

Gubimo vrste sa Zemlje

faster than the dinosaurs disappeared,

brže no što su nestali dinosauri,

and leading that loss are amphibians.

a vodeći u tom gubitku su vodozemci.

80 percent of all amphibians

80% svih vodozemaca

are threatened and in come decline.

ugroženo je i u opadanju.

And I believe, many scientists believe

I ja vjerujem, zapravo mnogi znanstvenici vjeruju

that pesticides are an important part of that decline.

da su pesticidi važan dio tog opadanja.

In part, amphibians are good indicators and more sensitive

Djelomično, vodozemci su dobri pokazatelji i osjetljiviji su

because they don't have protection from contaminants in the water --

jer nemaju zaštitu od onečišćenja u vodi –

no eggshells, no membranes

nemaju ljusku poput jajeta, nemaju membrane

and no placenta.

i nemaju posteljice.

In fact, our invention -- by "our" I mean we mammals --

Zapravo, naš izum – a pod „našim“ mislim na nas sisavce –

one of our big inventions was the placenta.

jedan od naših velikih izuma je posteljica.

But we also start out as aquatic organisms.

Ali i mi također započinjemo kao vodeni organizmi.

But it turns out that this ancient structure

Čini se da ta drevna struktura

that separates us from other animals, the placenta,

koja nas odvaja od ostalih životinja, posteljica,

cannot evolve or adapt fast enough

ne može evoluirati ili se dovoljno brzo prilagoditi

because of the rate that we're generating new chemicals

zbog tempa kojim stvaramo nove kemikalije

that it's never seen before.

koje nikad prije nisu bile viđene.

The evidence of that is that studies in rats, again with atrazine,

Dokaz tome je studija sa štakorima, opet s atrazinom,

show that the hormone imbalance atrazine generates causes abortion.

koja pokazuje da disbalans hormona koji atrazin stvara uzrokuje pobačaj.

Because maintaining a pregnancy is dependent on hormones.

Zato što je održavanje trudnoće ovisno o hormonima.

Of those rats that don't abort,

Kod štakora koji nemaju pobačaj,

atrazine causes prostate disease

atrazin uzrokuje bolesti prostate

in the pups so the sons

kod mladunčadi pa su sinovi

are born with an old man's disease.

rođeni s bolestima starije populacije.

Of those that don't abort,

Kod onih koji ne pobace,

atrazine causes impaired mammary, or breast, development

atrazin uzrokuje umanjene dojke ili grudi, kod razvoja

in the exposed daughters in utero,

izloženih kćeri u maternici,

so that their breast don't develop properly.

pa im se dojke ne mogu pravilno razviti.

And as a result, when those rats grow up,

Kao rezultat, kad ti štakori narastu,

their pups experience retarded growth and development

njihova mladunčad doživljava zaostali rast i razvoj

because they can't make enough milk to nourish their pups.

zato što ne mogu stvoriti dovoljno mlijeka kako bi prehranili svoju mladunčad.

So the pup you see on the bottom is affected by atrazine

Na mladunca kojeg vidite na dnu utjecao je atrazin

that its grandmother was exposed to.

kojemu je bila izložena njegova baka.

And given the life of many of these chemicals,

A s obzirom na život mnogih od ovih kemikalija,

generations, years, dozens of years,

generacijama, godinama, desecima godina,

that means that we right now

to znači da mi sada

are affecting the health

utječemo na zdravlje

of our grandchildren's grandchildren

unučadi naših unuka

by things that we're putting into the environment today.

zbog stvari koje danas odlažemo u okoliš.

And this is not just philosophical, it's already known,

To nije samo filozofsko, to je već poznato,

that chemicals like diethylstilbestrol and estrogen,

kemikalije poput dietilstilbestrola (DES) i estrogena,

PCBs, DDT

PCB (poliklorirani bifenili), DDT (dikloro-difenil-trikloetan)

cross the placenta

prolaze kroz posteljicu

and effectively determine

i učinkovito određuju

the likelihood of developing breast cancer

vjerojatnost razvoja raka dojke,

and obesity and diabetes

gojaznosti i dijabetesa

already when the baby's in the womb.

dok je dijete još u maternici.

In addition to that, after the baby's born,

Kao dodatak tome, nakon što se dijete rodi,

our other unique invention as mammals

još jedan izum nas sisavaca

is that we nourish our offspring after they're born.

je da mi hranimo svoje potomke nakon rođenja.

We already know that chemicals

Već znamo da kemikalije

like DDT and DES and atrazine

poput DDT-a, DES-a i atrazina

can also pass over into milk,

mogu prijeći u mlijeko,

again, affecting our babies

opet, djelujući na našu djecu

even after their born.

čak i nakon rođenja.

PJC: So when Tyrone tells me

PJC: Dakle, kada mi Tyrone kaže

that the placenta is an ancient organ,

da je posteljica drevni organ,

I'm thinking, how do I demonstrate that?

razmišljam o tome kako to demonstrirati?

How do you show that?

Kako to možete pokazati?

And it's interesting when you make a film like this,

A to je zanimljivo kada radite film poput ovog,

because you're stuck trying to visualize science

zato što ste zapeli pokušavajući vizualizirati znanost

that there's no visualization for.

za koju ne postoji vizualizacija.

And I have to take a little bit of artistic license.

I moram uzeti malo umjetničke slobode.

(Video) (Ringing)

(Video) (Zvonjava)

Old man: Placenta control.

Starac: Kontrola posteljice.

What is it?

Što je to?

Oh what?

O, što?

(Snoring)

(Hrkanje)

(Honk)

(Truba)

Puffuffuff, what?

Puffuffuff, što?

Perflourooctanoic acid.

Perfluorooktanska kiselina.

Blimey.

Opa.

Never heard of it.

Nikad čuo za to.

PJC: And neither had I actually

PJC: A nisam ni ja

before I started making this film.

sve dok nisam počela raditi ovaj film.

And so when you realize that chemicals can pass the placenta

Onog trena kad shvatite da kemikalije mogu prolaziti kroz posteljicu

and go into your unborn child,

i ući u vaše nerođeno dijete,

it made me start to think,

počela sam se pitati,

what would my fetus say to me?

što bi moj fetus meni rekao?

What would our unborn children say to us

Što bi naša nerođena djeca nama rekla

when they have an exposure

da su svakog dana izložena,

that's happening everyday, day after day?

dan za danom?

(Music)

(Glazba)

(Video) Child: Today,

(Video) Dijete: Danas

I had some octyphenols,

sam dobio nešto octifenola,

some artificial musks

nešto umjetnog mošusa

and some bisphenol A.

i nešto bisfenola A.

Help me.

Pomozi mi.

PJC: It's a very profound notion

PJC: Vrlo je dubok pojam

to know that we as women

to da znamo da smo kao žene

are at the vanguard of this.

prethodnice ovoga.

This is our issue,

To je naš problem

because we collect these compounds our entire life

zato što mi skupljamo ove spojeve cijeli svoj život

and then we end up dumping it and dumping them

i onda ih istovarimo i to

into our unborn children.

u svoju nerođenu djecu.

We are in effect

Mi zagađujemo

polluting our children.

svoju djecu.

And this was something that was really brought home to me a year ago

A to je nešto što sam shvatila prije godinu dana

when I found out I was pregnant

kada sam saznala da sam trudna

and the first scan revealed

i kada je prvi pregled pokazao

that my baby had a birth defect

da moje dijete ima urođenu manu

associated with exposure

povezanu s izlaganjem

to estrogenic chemicals in the womb

estrogenim kemikalijama u maternici,

and the second scan

a drugi je pregled

revealed no heartbeat.

pokazao da ne postoje otkucaji srca.

So my child's death, my baby's death,

Dakle, smrt mog djeteta, smrt moje bebe

really brought home the resonance of what I was trying to make in this film.

stvarno mi je omogućila da shvatim zvučnost onoga što sam pokušavala napraviti u ovom filmu.

And it's sometimes a weird place

A to je ponekad čudno mjesto

when the communicator becomes part of the story,

kada dojavljivač postane dio priče,

which is not what you originally intend.

što zapravo nije ono što ste prvotno namjeravali.

And so when Tyrone talks about

Kada Tyrone priča

the fetus being trapped in a contaminated environment,

o fetusu zarobljenom u zagađenoj okolini,

this is my contaminated environment.

to je moja zagađena okolina.

This is my toxic baby.

To je moje otrovano dijete.

And that's something

To je nešto

that's just profound and sad,

što je jednostavno duboko i tužno,

but astonishing

ali zapanjujuće

because so many of us don't actually know this.

jer mnogi od nas to uopće ne znaju.

TH: One of this things that's exciting and appropriate

TH: Jedna od ovih stvari koja je uzbudljiva i prigodna

for me to be here at TEDWomen

za mene kako bih bio ovdje na TEDWomenu

is that, well, I think it was summed up best last night at dinner

je to što, pa, mislim da je to najbolje sažeto jučer za vrijeme večere

when someone said, "Turn to the man at your table and tell them,

kad je netko rekao, „Okrenite se prema muškarcima za vašim stolom i recite im,

'When the revolution starts, we've got your back.'"

'Kad započne revolucija, čuvamo vam leđa.'“

The truth is, women,

Istina je, žene,

you've had our back on this issue for a very long time,

da ste dugo čuvale leđa što se tiče ovog problema,

starting with Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring"

počevši od Rachel Carson i njenog „Tihog proljeća“

to Theo Colborn's "Our Stolen Future"

do Thea Colborna i „Naše izgubljene budućnosti“

to Sandra Steingraber's books

sve do knjiga Sandre Steingraber

"Living Downstream" and "Having Faith."

„Živeći nizvodno“ i „Imati vjere“.

And perhaps it's the connection to our next generation --

Možda je to veza s našom sljedećom generacijom –

like my wife and my beautiful daughter here about 13 years ago --

poput moje žene i moje kćeri ovdje prije 13 godina –

perhaps it's that connection

možda je to veza

that makes women activists

koja stvara ženske aktivistice

in this particular area.

u ovom određenom području.

But for the men here, I want to say

Ali za muškarce ovdje, želim reći

it's not just women and children that are at risk.

da nisu samo žene i djeca izloženi.

And the frogs that are exposed to atrazine,

A žabe koje su izložene atrazinu,

the testes are full of holes and spaces,

njihovi su testisi puni rupa i praznina

because the hormone imbalance,

zbog disbalansa hormona.

instead of allowing sperm to be generated,

Umjesto da dopuštaju proizvodnju sperme,

such as in the testis here,

kao što je u ovim testisima,

the testicular tubules end up empty

testikularni tubuli ostaju prazni

and fertility goes down by as much as 50 percent.

i plodnost pada za čak 50%.

It's not just my work in amphibians,

Nije tako samo s mojim radom na vodozemcima,

but similar work has been shown in fish in Europe,

sličan je rad to pokazao i na ribama u Europi,

holes in the testes and absence of sperm in reptiles in a group from South America

rupe u testisima i odsutnost sperme kod gmazova u nekim grupama u Južnoj Americi

and in rats, an absence of sperm

i kod štakora, također izostanak sperme

in the testicular tubules as well.

u testikularnim tubulima.

And of course, we don't do these experiments in humans,

I naravno, ne radimo ove pokuse na ljudima,

but just by coincidence,

ali slučajno,

my colleague has shown

moj kolega pokazao je

that men who have low sperm count, low semen quality

da muškaraci koji imaju nizak broj sperme i nisku kvalitetu sjemena

have significantly more atrazine in their urine.

imaju značajno više atrazina u urinu.

These are just men who live

Ovo su samo muškarci koji žive

in an agricultural community.

u poljoprivrednim zajednicama.

Men who actually work in agriculture

Muškarci koji zapravo rade u poljoprivredi

have much higher levels of atrazine.

imaju mnogo više razine atrazina.

And the men who actually apply atrazine

A muškarci koji koriste atrazin

have even more atrazine in their urine,

imaju čak i više atrazina u urinu,

up to levels that are 24,000 times what we know to be active

sve do razina koje su 24.000 puta aktivnije

are present in the urine of these men.

od onog što nam je poznato u urinu tih muškaraca.

Of course, most of them, 90 percent are Mexican, Mexican-American.

Naravno, većina njih, 90% su Meksikanci, Meksiko-Amerikanci.

And it's not just atrazine they're exposed to.

I nisu izloženi samo atrazinu.

They're exposed to chemicals like chloropicrin,

Izloženi su kemikalijama poput kloropicrina

which was originally used as a nerve gas.

koji je izvorno korišten kao nervni plin.

And many of these workers

I mnogi od ovih radnika

have life expectancies of only 50.

imaju očekivani životni vijek od samo 50 godina.

It shouldn't come to any surprise that the things that happen in wildlife

Ne bi nam trebalo biti nikakvo iznenađenje da su stvari koje se događaju kod divljih životinja

are also a warning to us,

također upozorenje za nas,

just like Rachel Carson and others have warned.

baš kao što su nas Rachel Carson i ostali upozorili.

As evident in this slide from Lake Nabugabo in Uganda,

Kao što je vidljivo na ovom slajdu s jezera Nabugabo u Ugandi,

the agricultural runoff from this crop,

poljoprivredno otjecanje s ovih usjeva

which goes into these buckets,

koje ide u ove kante

is the sole source of drinking, cooking and bathing water for this village.

jedini je izvor vode za piće, kuhanje i pranje za ovo selo.

Now if I told the men in this village

Da sam rekao muškarcima u ovom selu

that the frogs have pour immune function

da žabe imaju loš imunološki sustav

and eggs developing in their testes,

i da im se jaja razvijaju u testisima,

the connection between environmental health and public health

veza između zdravlja okoliša i javnog zdravlja

would be clear.

bila bi jasna.

You would not drink water that you knew was having this kind of impact

Ne biste pili vodu za koju znate da ima ovakav učinak

on the wildlife that lived in it.

na divlji život u kojemu živite.

The problem is, in my village, Oakland,

Problem je, u mom selu, Oaklandu,

in most of our villages,

u većini naših sela,

we don't see that connection.

ne vidimo tu vezu.

We turn on the faucet, the water comes out, we assume it's safe,

Okrenemo slavinu, voda izađe, pretpostavimo da je sigurna

and we assume that we are masters of our environment,

i pretpostavimo da smo gospodari svoje okoline,

rather than being part of it.

radije nego da smo dio nje.

PJC: So it doesn't take much to realize

PJC: Ne treba vam mnogo da biste shvatili

that actually this is an environmental issue.

kako je ovo zapravo ekološki problem.

And I kept thinking over and over again

Ja stalno razmišljam

this question.

o tom pitanju.

We know so much about global warming and climate change,

Toliko znamo o globalnom zagrijavanju i promjeni klime,

and yet, we have no concept

a ipak nemamo koncept

of what I've been calling internal environmentalism.

za nešto što ja nazivam unutarnjom sredinom.

We know what we're putting out there,

Znamo što stavljamo van,

we have a sense of those repercussions,

imamo osjećaj tih odjeka,

but we are so ignorant of this sense

ali toliko smo neupućeni u taj osjećaj

of what happens when we put things, or things are put

što se događa kad stavljamo stvari negdje ili kad nam stvari

into our bodies.

dospiju u tijela.

And it's my feeling

Moj je osjećaj

and it's my urging being here

i moj je nagon biti ovdje

to know that, as we women move forward

kako bi to znala, kako mi žene krećemo naprijed

as the communicators of this,

kao dojavljivači ovoga,

but also as the ones who carry that burden

ali i također kao one koje nose breme

of carrying the children, bearing the children,

nošenja djece, rađanja djece,

we hold most of the buying power in the household,

držimo većinu kupovne moći u kućanstvu,

is that it's going to be us moving forward

hoće li to biti ono što će nas pokrenuti naprijed

to carry the work of Tyrone and other scientists around the world.

da nosimo rad Tyronea i ostalih znanstvenika diljem svijeta.

And my urging is

A moj je nagon da se,

that when we think about environmental issues

kada pomislimo o ekološkim problemima,

that we remember that it's not just about melting glaciers and ice caps,

sjetimo da to nisu samo otapanja ledenjaka i ledenih santi,

but it's also about our children as well.

već su to i naša djeca.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)