Tyrone Hayes + Penelope Jagessar Chaffer: The toxic baby?

118,353 views ใƒป 2012-02-13

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Eunyoung Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Bianca Lee
00:15
Penelope Jagessar Chaffer: I was going to ask if there's a doctor in the house.
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์ด ์•ˆ์— ์˜์‚ฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ ค๋˜ ์ฐธ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:18
No, I'm just joking.
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์•„๋‡จ. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋†๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
It's interesting, because it was six years ago
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. 6๋…„ ์ „์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:23
when I was pregnant with my first child
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ž„์‹ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:25
that I discovered
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
that the most commonly used preservative
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์œ ์•„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์—
00:29
in baby care products
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€์ œ๊ฐ€
00:31
mimics estrogen
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชธ ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด
00:33
when it gets into the human body.
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ๊ณผ ํก์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
00:35
Now it's very easy actually
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
00:37
to get a chemical compound from products
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์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ฒด๋‚ด์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋Š”
00:39
into the human body through the skin.
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๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
And these preservatives had been found
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€์ œ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์˜ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ
00:43
in breast cancer tumors.
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
That was the start of my journey
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ด ์˜ํ™” "์œ ๋…์„ฑ ์•„๊ธฐ"๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ
00:47
to make this film, "Toxic Baby."
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์ œ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:49
And it doesn't take much time
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„
00:51
to discover some really astonishing statistics
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ง ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ
00:53
with this issue.
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์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
One is that you and I all have
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ € ๋ชจ๋‘
00:58
between 30 to 50,000 chemicals
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30๊ฐœ์—์„œ 5๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„
01:00
in our bodies
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์ฒด๋‚ด์— ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:02
that our grandparents didn't have.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
01:04
And many of these chemicals
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š”
01:06
are now linked to the skyrocketing incidents
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๋งŒ์„ฑ์  ์†Œ์•„ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค๊ณผ
01:09
of chronic childhood disease
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์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
that we're seeing across industrialized nations.
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค ์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:14
I'll show you some statistics.
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ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
So for example, in the United Kingdom,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:18
the incidence of childhood leukemia
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์†Œ์•„ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์œจ์ด
01:20
has risen by 20 percent just in a generation.
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ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—์„œ 20ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
Very similar statistic for childhood cancer in the U.S.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์†Œ์•„์•” ํ†ต๊ณ„๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
In Canada, we're now looking at one in 10 Canadian children with asthma.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์—ด ๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…๊ผด๋กœ ์ฒœ์‹์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
That's a four-fold increase.
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4๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:33
Again, similar story around the world.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
In the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:37
probably the most astonishing statistic
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ธ๋ฐ์š”
01:39
is a 600 percent increase
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์žํ์ฆ๊ณผ ์žํ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์„ฑ ์žฅ์• ,
01:41
in autism and autistic spectrum disorders
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€
01:44
and other learning disabilities.
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600 ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Again, we're seeing that trend
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์ชฝ์˜ ๋™ํ–ฅ๋„
01:48
across Europe, across North America.
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์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:50
And in Europe,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:52
there's certain parts of Europe,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
01:54
where we're seeing a four-fold increase
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์„ ์ฒœ์„ฑ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ ๊ธฐํ˜•์ด
01:56
in certain genital birth defects.
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4๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Interestingly, one of those birth defects
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ ์ฒœ์„ฑ ๊ธฐํ˜• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
02:01
has seen a 200 percent increase in the U.S.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 200 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:04
So a real skyrocketing
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
02:06
of chronic childhood disease
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๋งŒ์„ฑ์  ์†Œ์•„ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ์€
02:08
that includes other things
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๋น„๋งŒ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋‹น๋‡จ,
02:10
like obesity and juvenile diabetes,
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์กฐ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
02:12
premature puberty.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
So it's interesting for me,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋„
02:16
when I'm looking for someone who can really talk to me
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ €์™€ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
02:18
and talk to an audience about these things,
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๋“ค๋ ค ์ค„๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋‹ˆ
02:21
that probably one of the most important people in the world
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์œ ์•„์˜ ์œ ๋…์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:24
who can discuss toxicity in babies
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:27
is expert in frogs.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ถŒ์œ„์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์€
02:29
(Laughter)
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๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ด์‹œ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
02:31
Tyrone Hayes: It was a surprise to me as well
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์ €๋„ ๋†€๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
that I would be talking about pesticides,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:37
that I'd be talking about public health,
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๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ.
02:41
because, in fact, I never thought I would do anything useful.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ๋งŒํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ 
02:44
(Laughter)
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:47
Frogs.
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๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:50
In fact, my involvement in the whole pesticide issue
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:53
was sort of a surprise as well
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์ข€ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:55
when I was approached by the largest chemical company in the world
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ํ™”ํ•™ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์™€์„œ
02:58
and they asked me if I would evaluate
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์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์ด ์–‘์„œ๋ฅ˜, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”์ง€
03:00
how atrazine affected amphibians, or my frogs.
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ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
It turns out, atrazine is the largest selling product
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ, ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ทธ ํ™”ํ•™ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜
03:06
for the largest chemical company in the world.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:08
It's the number one contaminant
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์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜, ์‹์ˆ˜, ๋น—๋ฌผ์˜
03:10
of groundwater, drinking water, rain water.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด์ฃ .
03:13
In 2003, after my studies, it was banned in the European Union,
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2003๋…„ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ํ›„ EU์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
but in that same year,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด
03:18
the United States EPA re-registered the compound.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌ๋“ฑ๋กํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
03:20
We were a bit surprised when we found out
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๊ฝค ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
03:23
that when we exposed frogs
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0.1 ppb ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ทน์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์„ (*ppb: ์‹ญ์–ต๋ถ„์œจ)
03:25
to very low levels of atrazine -- 0.1 parts per billion --
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๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ
03:28
that it produced animals that look like this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
These are the dissected gonads of an animal
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์ด๊ฑด ์ƒ์‹์ƒ˜์„ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
03:33
that has two testes, two ovaries,
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๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •์†Œ์™€ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚œ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:35
another large testis, more ovaries,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ •์†Œ์™€
03:37
which is not normal ...
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚œ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
(Laughter)
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์ •์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:41
even for amphibians.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์–‘์„œ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ์š”.
03:43
In some cases, another species like the North American Leopard Frog
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š”, ๋ถ๋ฏธ ํ‘œ๋ฒ” ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์—์„œ
03:46
showed that males exposed to atrazine grew eggs in their testes.
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์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ์ •์†Œ์— ์•Œ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:49
And you can see these large, yolked-up eggs
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ํฌ๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ฅธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ์•Œ๋“ค์€
03:51
bursting through the surface of this male's testes.
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์ˆ˜์ปท ์ •์†Œ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ํ„ฐ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
Now my wife tells me, and I'm sure Penelope can as well,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํŽ˜๋„ฌ๋กœํŽ˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฑฐ์—์š”
03:57
that there's nothing more painful than childbirth --
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์ถœ์‚ฐ๋งŒํผ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์€ ์—†๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
which that I'll never experience, I can't really argue that --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
04:03
but I would guess that a dozen chicken eggs in my testicle
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12๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ„๋ž€์ด ์ œ ์ •์†Œ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:05
would probably be somewhere in the top five.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด
04:08
(Laughter)
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๋Œ€๋žต 5๋“ฑ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
In recent studies that we've published,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
04:12
we've shown that some of these animals when they're exposed to atrazine,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
04:14
some of the males grow up
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์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์ž๋ผ์„œ
04:16
and completely become females.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์•”์ปท์œผ๋กœ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
So these are actually two brothers consummating a relationship.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์ปท ํ˜•์ œ๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
And not only do these genetic males mate with other males,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ์ „์  ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ปท๊ณผ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:24
they actually have the capacity to lay eggs
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์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:26
even though they're genetic males.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์œ ์ „์  ์ˆ˜์ปท์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
04:29
What we proposed,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:31
and what we've now generated support for,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:33
is that what atrazine is doing
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์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์ด ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”
04:35
is wreaking havoc causing a hormone imbalance.
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์žฌ๋‚œ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
Normally the testes should make testosterone,
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์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์†Œ๋Š” ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
the male hormone.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด์š”.
04:41
But what atrazine does is it turns on an enzyme,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์€ ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ
04:44
the machinery if you will, aromatase,
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅํ™”ํšจ์†Œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
04:46
that converts testosterone into estrogen.
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ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก ์„ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
And as a result, these exposed males
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์€
04:50
lose their testosterone, they're chemically castrated,
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ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก ์„ ์žƒ์–ด ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์„ธ๋˜๊ณ 
04:53
and they're subsequently feminized
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ํ›„์—๋Š” ์•”์ปท์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๋ชจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
because now they're making the female hormone.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:57
Now this is what brought me to the human-related issues.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Because it turns out
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
05:02
that the number one cancer in women, breast cancer,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์•”์ธ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์€
05:05
is regulated by estrogen and by this enzyme aromatase.
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํšจ์†Œ, ๋ฐฉํ–ฅํ™”ํšจ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ†ต์ œ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:08
So when you develop a cancerous cell in your breast,
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์œ ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์•”์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋‚  ๋•Œ
05:10
aromatase converts androgens into estrogens,
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๋ฐฉํ–ฅํ™”ํšจ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ์„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅํ™” ํšจ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
and that estrogen turns on or promotes
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์€ ์•”์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„
05:16
the growth of that cancer
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์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œ์ผœ
05:18
so that it turns into a tumor and spreads.
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์ข…์–‘์ด ๋˜์–ด ํผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:21
In fact, this aromatase is so important in breast cancer
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅํ™”ํšจ์†Œ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์— ๋งค์šฐ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ด์–ด์„œ
05:24
that the latest treatment for breast cancer
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์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์€
05:27
is a chemical called letrozole,
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ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ์กธ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
05:29
which blocks aromatase, blocks estrogen,
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๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ์กธ์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅํ™”ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ณ , ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์„ ๋ง‰์•„
05:31
so that if you developed a mutated cell, it doesn't grow into a tumor.
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๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ข…์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Now what's interesting is, of course,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:36
that we're still using 80 million pounds of atrazine,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ 8์ฒœ๋งŒ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์˜ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์  ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
the number one contaminant in drinking water, that does the opposite --
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์‹์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์ด์ฃ . ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:42
turns on aromatase, increases estrogen
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๋ฐฉํ–ฅํ™”ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
05:44
and promotes tumors in rats
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์ฅ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
and is associated with tumors, breast cancer, in humans.
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์ข…์–‘, ์ฆ‰ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:50
What's interesting is, in fact,
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„
05:52
the same company that sold us 80 million pounds of atrazine,
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์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์ด‰์ง„์ œ์ธ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์„
05:54
the breast cancer promoter,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ 8์ฒœ๋งŒ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋‚˜ ํŒ”์•˜๋˜ ๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
05:56
now sells us the blocker -- the exact same company.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:59
And so I find it interesting
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
06:01
that instead of treating this disease
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ‘ํ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
06:03
by preventing exposure to the chemicals that promote it,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ‘์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
06:06
we simply respond
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:08
by putting more chemicals into the environment.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋ฟŒ๋ ค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
06:11
PJC: So speaking of estrogen,
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
06:13
one of the other compounds that Tyrone talks about in the film
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ํƒ€์ด๋ก ์ด ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
06:16
is something called bisphenol A, BPA,
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๋น„์ŠคํŽ˜๋†€ A, BPA๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
06:19
which has been in the news recently.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋‰ด์Šค์— ๋‚˜์™”๋˜ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
It's a plasticizer.
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๋น„์ŠคํŽ˜๋†€ A๋Š” ๊ฐ€์†Œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
It's a compound that's found in polycarbonate plastic,
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ํด๋ฆฌ์นด๋ณด๋„ค์ดํŠธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ,
06:27
which is what baby bottles are made out of.
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์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ –๋ณ‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
And what's interesting about BPA
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BPA์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
06:31
is that it's such a potent estrogen
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:34
that it was actually once considered for use
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ํ•œ ๋•Œ, BPA๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
06:36
as a synthetic estrogen in hormone placement therapy.
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
And there have been many, many, many studies that have shown
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๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
06:42
that BPA leaches from babies' bottles
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BPA๋Š” ์ –๋ณ‘์—์„œ ๋…น์•„๋‚˜์™€
06:45
into the formula, into the milk,
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์ด์œ ์‹, ์šฐ์œ ,
06:47
and therefore into the babies.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•„๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ๋กœ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
So we're dosing our babies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์•„๊ธฐ,
06:51
our newborns, our infants,
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์‹ ์ƒ์•„, ์ –๋จน์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:53
with a synthetic estrogen.
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์ธ๊ณต ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์„ ๋จน์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:55
Now two weeks ago or so,
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2์ฃผ์ฏค ์ „์—
06:57
the European Union passed a law
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์œ ์•„์˜ ์ –๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์‹œํ”ผ ์ปต(sippy cup)์—
06:59
banning the use of BPA
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BPA ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ธˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด
07:01
in babies' bottles and sippy cups.
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EU์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณผ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
And for those of you who are not parents,
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
07:05
sippy cups are those little plastic things
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์‹œํ”ผ ๋ฒ•์ด๋ž€ ์ž‘์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
07:07
that your child graduates to after using bottles.
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์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ –๋ณ‘์„ ๋–ผ๊ณ ๋‚œ ํ›„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
But just two weeks before that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ 2์ฃผ ์ „์—
07:13
the U.S. Senate refused to even debate
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ƒ์›์€ ์œ ์•„ ์ –๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์‹œํ”ผ ์ปต์—
07:16
the banning of BPA
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BPA ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ธˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
07:18
in babies' bottles and sippy cups.
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๋…ผ์˜์กฐ์ฐจ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
So it really makes you realize
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
the onus on parents
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ ์†์—์„œ
07:25
to have to look at this and regulate this and police this
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋‹จ์†ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
07:27
in their own lives
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
07:29
and how astonishing that is.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ธ์ง€์š”.
07:31
(Video) PJC: With many plastic baby bottles
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๋งŽ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์•„๊ธฐ ์ –๋ณ‘์—์„œ
07:34
now proven to leak the chemical bisphenol A,
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ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋น„์ŠคํŽ˜๋†€ A๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฆ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
it really shows how sometimes
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€์ง€๋งŒ
07:39
it is only a parent's awareness
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค๋งŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
07:41
that stands between chemicals and our children.
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ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ƒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด๋ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋กœ์— ์„œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
The baby bottle scenario proves
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์•„๊ธฐ ์ –๋ณ‘ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š”
07:47
that we can prevent unnecessary exposure.
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๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ถœ์€ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
However, if we parents are unaware,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:52
we are leaving our children
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ
07:54
to fend for themselves.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:03
TH: And what Penelope says here
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ํŽ˜๋„ฌ๋กœํŽ˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:05
is even more true.
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๋”๋”์šฑ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
For those of you who don't know, we're in the middle of the sixth mass extinction.
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์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 6๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€๋ฉธ์ข…์˜ ์ค‘์•™์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Scientists agree now.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ์ด์ œ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
We are losing species from the Earth
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
faster than the dinosaurs disappeared,
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๊ณต๋ฃก์ด ๋ฉธ์ข…๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ์š”.
08:16
and leading that loss are amphibians.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉธ์ข…์€ ์–‘์„œ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:18
80 percent of all amphibians
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์ „์ฒด ์–‘์„œ๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€
08:20
are threatened and in come decline.
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์œ„ํ˜‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
And I believe, many scientists believe
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์ €, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
that pesticides are an important part of that decline.
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์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํฐ ์š”์ธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
08:27
In part, amphibians are good indicators and more sensitive
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์–‘์„œ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ด๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
because they don't have protection from contaminants in the water --
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๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ์›์„ ๋ง‰์„๋งŒํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:32
no eggshells, no membranes
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์•Œ์„ ๋ฎ๋Š” ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋„, ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰๋„
08:34
and no placenta.
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ํƒœ๋ฐ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
In fact, our invention -- by "our" I mean we mammals --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
08:39
one of our big inventions was the placenta.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋ฐ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
But we also start out as aquatic organisms.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ƒ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์ฃ .
08:44
But it turns out that this ancient structure
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ง“๋Š”
08:46
that separates us from other animals, the placenta,
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์ด ํƒœ๊ณ ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ ํƒœ๋ฐ˜์€
08:49
cannot evolve or adapt fast enough
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์–‘์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์†๋„๋งŒํผ
08:51
because of the rate that we're generating new chemicals
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
that it's never seen before.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋Š” ์ „์—๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:55
The evidence of that is that studies in rats, again with atrazine,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ฅ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:58
show that the hormone imbalance atrazine generates causes abortion.
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์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์œ ์‚ฐ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
09:01
Because maintaining a pregnancy is dependent on hormones.
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์ด๋Š” ์ž„์‹ ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
Of those rats that don't abort,
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์œ ์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฅ๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š”
09:06
atrazine causes prostate disease
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์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์ด ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์— ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ
09:08
in the pups so the sons
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์ƒˆ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์ปท ์ฅ๋“ค์€
09:10
are born with an old man's disease.
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๋…ธ์ธ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
Of those that don't abort,
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์œ ์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฅ๋“ค ์ค‘์—
09:14
atrazine causes impaired mammary, or breast, development
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์ž๊ถ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ์•”์ปท ์ฅ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด
09:16
in the exposed daughters in utero,
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์œ ์„ ์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์†์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
09:18
so that their breast don't develop properly.
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์•”์ปท ์ฅ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
And as a result, when those rats grow up,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฅ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ฅธ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
09:22
their pups experience retarded growth and development
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค๋„ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
because they can't make enough milk to nourish their pups.
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์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์„ ํ‚ค์šธ๋งŒํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ –์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:28
So the pup you see on the bottom is affected by atrazine
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋งจ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ผ์ฅ๋Š”
09:31
that its grandmother was exposed to.
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
And given the life of many of these chemicals,
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์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์€
09:36
generations, years, dozens of years,
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์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด, ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
that means that we right now
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ
09:41
are affecting the health
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†์ž์˜ ์†์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—
09:43
of our grandchildren's grandchildren
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:45
by things that we're putting into the environment today.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ์š”.
09:48
And this is not just philosophical, it's already known,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ ํ•™์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
that chemicals like diethylstilbestrol and estrogen,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋””์—ํ‹ธ์Šคํ‹ธ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋กค๊ณผ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ,
09:52
PCBs, DDT
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PCB, DDT์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์€
09:54
cross the placenta
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ํƒœ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ง€๋‚˜
09:56
and effectively determine
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
09:58
the likelihood of developing breast cancer
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์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”, ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ๋‹น๋‡จ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„
10:00
and obesity and diabetes
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ํƒœ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ถ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฏธ
10:02
already when the baby's in the womb.
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
In addition to that, after the baby's born,
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์ด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜ ํ›„
10:06
our other unique invention as mammals
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ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์œ  ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์€
10:08
is that we nourish our offspring after they're born.
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์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ž์‹์„ ์ –๋จน์—ฌ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
10:10
We already know that chemicals
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
10:12
like DDT and DES and atrazine
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DDT, DES, ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด
10:14
can also pass over into milk,
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๋ชจ์œ ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:16
again, affecting our babies
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ 
10:18
even after their born.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
PJC: So when Tyrone tells me
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ํƒ€์ด๋ก ์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ
10:23
that the placenta is an ancient organ,
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ํƒœ๋ฐ˜์€ ํƒœ๊ณ ์  ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
10:26
I'm thinking, how do I demonstrate that?
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
10:28
How do you show that?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„๊นŒ?
10:30
And it's interesting when you make a film like this,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”.
10:32
because you're stuck trying to visualize science
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์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•ด ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผํ•™์„
10:35
that there's no visualization for.
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์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰๋ง‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
10:37
And I have to take a little bit of artistic license.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋นŒ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
(Video) (Ringing)
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(๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฆ‰)
10:50
Old man: Placenta control.
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ํƒœ๋ฐ˜ ํ†ต์ œ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
What is it?
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”?
10:54
Oh what?
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๊ณผ ๋ญ์š”?
10:57
(Snoring)
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(๋“œ๋ฅด๋ )
11:00
(Honk)
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(๋นต)
11:05
Puffuffuff, what?
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๊ณผํ”Œ๋ฃจ... ๋ญ๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”?
11:11
Perflourooctanoic acid.
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๊ณผํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœ์˜ฅํƒ„์˜ค์ต์‚ฐ.
11:18
Blimey.
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๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ.
11:20
Never heard of it.
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์ƒ์ „ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋„ค.
11:23
PJC: And neither had I actually
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
before I started making this film.
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์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”์š”.
11:29
And so when you realize that chemicals can pass the placenta
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ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ํƒœ๋ฐ˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด์„œ
11:32
and go into your unborn child,
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:35
it made me start to think,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
what would my fetus say to me?
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๋ฑƒ์†์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ• ๊นŒ?
11:40
What would our unborn children say to us
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๋ฑƒ์†์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ ๋งํ• ๊นŒ?
11:43
when they have an exposure
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ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋ ๋•Œ์š”.
11:46
that's happening everyday, day after day?
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๋งค์ผ๋งค์ผ ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:49
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
12:07
(Video) Child: Today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š”
12:09
I had some octyphenols,
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์˜ฅํ‹ธํŽ˜๋†€,
12:13
some artificial musks
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์ธ์กฐ ์‚ฌํ–ฅ,
12:16
and some bisphenol A.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์ŠคํŽ˜๋†€ A๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:21
Help me.
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์‚ด๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:26
PJC: It's a very profound notion
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
to know that we as women
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
12:31
are at the vanguard of this.
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์ด ์ผ์˜ ์„ ๋‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
12:33
This is our issue,
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์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
because we collect these compounds our entire life
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์ƒ์• ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:38
and then we end up dumping it and dumping them
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„  ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค์„œ
12:41
into our unborn children.
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ํƒœ์•„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
We are in effect
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
12:46
polluting our children.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:48
And this was something that was really brought home to me a year ago
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์ด ์ผ์€ ํ•œ ํ•ด ์ „์— ์ €ํฌ ๊ฐ€์ •์—๋„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
when I found out I was pregnant
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
12:54
and the first scan revealed
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ
12:56
that my baby had a birth defect
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์ €์˜ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€
12:59
associated with exposure
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์ž๊ถ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ •์ด‰์ง„์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ
13:01
to estrogenic chemicals in the womb
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์„ ์ฒœ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ์†์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
and the second scan
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
13:05
revealed no heartbeat.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ฐ•๋™์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
13:07
So my child's death, my baby's death,
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์ œ ์•„์ด์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ, ์ œ ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋‹ฅ์ณค๊ณ ,
13:10
really brought home the resonance of what I was trying to make in this film.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ช…์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
And it's sometimes a weird place
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๊ฐ€๋” ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ฃ .
13:15
when the communicator becomes part of the story,
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์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
13:18
which is not what you originally intend.
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์˜๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
And so when Tyrone talks about
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ํƒ€์ด๋ก ์ด
13:23
the fetus being trapped in a contaminated environment,
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์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋น ์ง„ ํƒœ์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:26
this is my contaminated environment.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‚ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
13:30
This is my toxic baby.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‚ด ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋…๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
And that's something
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
13:36
that's just profound and sad,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ผ์ด๊ณ , ์Šฌํ”ˆ ์ผ์ด๊ณ ,
13:39
but astonishing
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
because so many of us don't actually know this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
13:46
TH: One of this things that's exciting and appropriate
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ TED Women์— ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด
13:48
for me to be here at TEDWomen
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์–ด์ฐŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
13:50
is that, well, I think it was summed up best last night at dinner
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์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
when someone said, "Turn to the man at your table and tell them,
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”. "๋‹น์‹  ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ง ์ข€ ํ•ด์ค˜์š”."
13:56
'When the revolution starts, we've got your back.'"
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"ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”."
13:59
The truth is, women,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค
14:01
you've had our back on this issue for a very long time,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
starting with Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring"
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๋ ˆ์ด์ฒผ ์นด์Šจ์˜ '์นจ๋ฌต์˜ ๋ด„(Silent Spring)'์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
14:06
to Theo Colborn's "Our Stolen Future"
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ํ…Œ์˜ค ์ฝœ๋ณธ์˜ '๋„๋‘‘๋งž์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜(Our Stolen Future)'
14:08
to Sandra Steingraber's books
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์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ผ ์Šคํƒ€์ธ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฒ„์˜ ์ฑ…๋“ค
14:10
"Living Downstream" and "Having Faith."
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'ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ธฐ(Living Downstream)'์™€ '๋ชจ์„ฑํ˜๋ช…(Having Faith)'์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€.
14:13
And perhaps it's the connection to our next generation --
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
like my wife and my beautiful daughter here about 13 years ago --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋‚ด์™€ ์˜ˆ์œ ๋”ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”. 13๋…„ ์ „ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
14:19
perhaps it's that connection
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€
14:21
that makes women activists
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ํŠน์ • ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ
14:23
in this particular area.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ–‰๋™๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:25
But for the men here, I want to say
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
it's not just women and children that are at risk.
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์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋น ์ง„ ๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์™€ ์•„์ด๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
And the frogs that are exposed to atrazine,
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์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
the testes are full of holes and spaces,
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์ •์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”,
14:34
because the hormone imbalance,
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
14:36
instead of allowing sperm to be generated,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ ํ™˜์—์„œ
14:38
such as in the testis here,
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์ •์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
14:40
the testicular tubules end up empty
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๊ณ ํ™˜์˜ ๊ด€์ด ๋น„์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด
14:42
and fertility goes down by as much as 50 percent.
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์ƒ์‹๋ ฅ์ด 50 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
It's not just my work in amphibians,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ €์˜ ์–‘์„œ๋ฅ˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
14:47
but similar work has been shown in fish in Europe,
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
holes in the testes and absence of sperm in reptiles in a group from South America
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๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํŒŒ์ถฉ๋ฅ˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ •์†Œ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ๊ณผ ์ •์ž ๊ฒฐํ•์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
14:53
and in rats, an absence of sperm
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์ฅ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ์„œ๋„
14:55
in the testicular tubules as well.
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๊ณ ํ™˜ ์„ธ๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์ •์ž ๊ฒฐํ• ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
And of course, we don't do these experiments in humans,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
15:00
but just by coincidence,
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ
15:02
my colleague has shown
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์ €์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
15:04
that men who have low sperm count, low semen quality
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์ •์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์ •์•ก์˜ ์งˆ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
15:06
have significantly more atrazine in their urine.
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์†Œ๋ณ€์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
These are just men who live
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์ด๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ๋†๊ฒฝ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š”
15:11
in an agricultural community.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
Men who actually work in agriculture
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋†์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์€
15:15
have much higher levels of atrazine.
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๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
And the men who actually apply atrazine
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์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์„ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
15:20
have even more atrazine in their urine,
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์„ ์†Œ๋ณ€์— ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:23
up to levels that are 24,000 times what we know to be active
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”
15:26
are present in the urine of these men.
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด 24000๋ฐฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
Of course, most of them, 90 percent are Mexican, Mexican-American.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„, ์ฆ‰ 90 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์ธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
And it's not just atrazine they're exposed to.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
They're exposed to chemicals like chloropicrin,
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ํด๋กœ๋กœํ”ผํฌ๋ฆฐ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์—๋„ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
15:37
which was originally used as a nerve gas.
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ํด๋กœ๋กœํ”ผํฌ๋ฆฐ์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:39
And many of these workers
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š”
15:41
have life expectancies of only 50.
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ํ‰๊ท ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๊ณ ์ž‘ 50์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
It shouldn't come to any surprise that the things that happen in wildlife
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์•ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ  ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
15:46
are also a warning to us,
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๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์ผ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
just like Rachel Carson and others have warned.
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๋ ˆ์ด์ฒผ ์นด์Šจ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
15:50
As evident in this slide from Lake Nabugabo in Uganda,
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์˜ ๋‚˜๋ถ€๊ฐ€๋ณด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ์ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
15:53
the agricultural runoff from this crop,
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์ด ์ž‘๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์•ก์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์™€
15:55
which goes into these buckets,
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์ด ๋“คํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
15:57
is the sole source of drinking, cooking and bathing water for this village.
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๋“คํ†ต์˜ ๋ฌผ์€ ๋งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ์š•๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์›์ฒœ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
Now if I told the men in this village
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์ด ๋งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
16:02
that the frogs have pour immune function
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๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
16:04
and eggs developing in their testes,
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์ •์†Œ์— ์•Œ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:06
the connection between environmental health and public health
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์œ„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€
16:08
would be clear.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
You would not drink water that you knew was having this kind of impact
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
on the wildlife that lived in it.
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์•ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
16:15
The problem is, in my village, Oakland,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜คํด๋žœ๋“œ,
16:17
in most of our villages,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
16:19
we don't see that connection.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
We turn on the faucet, the water comes out, we assume it's safe,
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์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‹€๋ฉด ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
16:23
and we assume that we are masters of our environment,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
16:26
rather than being part of it.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
PJC: So it doesn't take much to realize
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
16:31
that actually this is an environmental issue.
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์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
And I kept thinking over and over again
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
16:37
this question.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
We know so much about global warming and climate change,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์™€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
16:42
and yet, we have no concept
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
16:44
of what I've been calling internal environmentalism.
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๊ฐœ๋… ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:46
We know what we're putting out there,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์ง‘์–ด ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•Œ๊ณ 
16:48
we have a sense of those repercussions,
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๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ
16:50
but we are so ignorant of this sense
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๋‚ด์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ ,
16:52
of what happens when we put things, or things are put
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๋‚ด์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
16:55
into our bodies.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
And it's my feeling
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๊ณ 
16:59
and it's my urging being here
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ถŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
to know that, as we women move forward
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์…จ์„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ
17:03
as the communicators of this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์†Œํ†ต์ž๋กœ์„œ
17:05
but also as the ones who carry that burden
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์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‚ณ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
17:08
of carrying the children, bearing the children,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:11
we hold most of the buying power in the household,
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๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
17:14
is that it's going to be us moving forward
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์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
to carry the work of Tyrone and other scientists around the world.
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ํƒ€์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก์ด์š”.
17:20
And my urging is
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๋˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
17:22
that when we think about environmental issues
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
17:24
that we remember that it's not just about melting glaciers and ice caps,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋น™ํ•˜์™€ ๋งŒ๋…„์„ค์ด ๋…น๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:28
but it's also about our children as well.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:30
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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