Richard Ledgett: The NSA responds to Edward Snowden's TED Talk

241,478 views ใƒป 2014-03-21

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Ibrahim Warsame ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Ayman Mahmoud
00:12
Chris Anderson: We had Edward Snowden here
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุงู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†: ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงุฏูˆุงุฑุฏ ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง
00:14
a couple days ago,
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ู‚ุจู„ ุนุฏู‡ ุงูŠุงู…,
00:16
and this is response time.
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ูˆุงู„ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฑุฏ.
00:18
And several of you have written to me
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู† ู…ู†ูƒู… ูƒุชุจูˆุง ู„ูŠ
00:20
with questions to ask our guest here from the NSA.
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ุงุณุฆู„ู‡ ู„ุชู‚ุฏูŠู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู‰ ุถูŠูู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡ (ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡)
00:25
So Richard Ledgett is the 15th deputy director
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ู„ุฐุง ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ู„ูŠุฏุฌูŠุช ู‡ูˆ ู†ุงุฆุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑ
00:27
of the National Security Agency,
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ู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡
00:30
and he's a senior civilian officer there,
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุถุงุจุท ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
00:33
acts as its chief operating officer,
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ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ ูƒู…ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ,
00:35
guiding strategies, setting internal policies,
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ู…ูˆุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช ูˆ ูˆุงุถุนุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ,
00:39
and serving as the principal advisor to the director.
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ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ ูƒู…ุณุชุดุงุฑ ุงุณุงุณูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑ .
00:43
And all being well,
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ,
00:45
welcome, Rick Ledgett, to TED.
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ู…ุฑุญุจุง , ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ู„ูŠุฏุฌูŠุช , ููŠ ุชูŠุฏ
00:48
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
00:55
Richard Ledgett: I'm really thankful for the opportunity to talk to folks here.
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ู„ูŠุฏุฌูŠุช: ุงู†ุง ุดุงูƒุฑ ู„ู„ูุฑุตู‡ ู„ู„ุชุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ,
00:59
I look forward to the conversation,
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ูˆุงุชุทู„ุน ู‚ุฏู…ุง ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฑ,
01:01
so thanks for arranging for that.
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ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ู…ู†ุญูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุฑุตู‡,
01:04
CA: Thank you, Rick.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุดูƒุฑุง , ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ.
01:05
We appreciate you joining us.
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ู…ู…ุชู†ูˆู† ู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุชูƒ ู…ุนู†ุง.
01:08
It's certainly quite a strong statement
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ุงู†ู‡ ูุนู„ ู‚ูˆูŠ ุจู„ุง ุดูƒ ,
01:10
that the NSA is willing to reach out
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ุงู† (ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡) ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุงู† ุชุชูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุนู†ุง
01:12
and show a more open face here.
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ูˆ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ูˆุฌู‡ุง ุงูƒุซุฑ ุชุนุงูˆู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง .
01:16
You saw, I think,
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ูƒ ุดุงู‡ุฏุช ,
01:18
the talk and interview that Edward Snowden
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ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุก ู…ุน ุงุฏูˆุงุฑุฏ ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู†
01:22
gave here a couple days ago.
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ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุนุฏู‡ ุงูŠุงู… .
01:23
What did you make of it?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฑุงูŠูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุŸ
01:25
RL: So I think it was interesting.
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุซูŠุฑู‡ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ,
01:28
We didn't realize that he was going to show up there,
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ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุงู†ู‡ ุณูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ,
01:31
so kudos to you guys for arranging
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ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ุดูƒุฑ ู„ูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฏุจูŠุฑ
01:34
a nice surprise like that.
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ู…ูุงุฌุฃู‡ ุฌูŠุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซู‡.
01:37
I think that, like a lot of the things
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ , ู…ุซู„ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก
01:42
that have come out since Mr. Snowden
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฎุฑุฌุช ู„ู„ุนู„ู† ู…ู†ุฐ ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู†
01:47
started disclosing classified information,
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ุจูƒุดู ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุณุฑูŠู‡ ,
01:50
there were some kernels of truth in there,
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุถุน ุญุจุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง
01:53
but a lot of extrapolations and half-truths in there,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุกุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุทุฆู‡ ูˆุงู†ุตุงู ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡,
01:56
and I'm interested in helping to address those.
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ูˆุงู†ุง ู…ู‡ุชู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุฎุทุงุก.
01:59
I think this is a really important conversation
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุญุงุฏุซู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ู‡
02:01
that we're having in the United States
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ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏู‡
02:03
and internationally,
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ูˆุงู„ุนุงู„ู…,
02:04
and I think it is important and of import,
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ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ ูˆ ุฐุงุช ุงู‡ู…ูŠู‡,
02:09
and so given that, we need to have that be
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ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ , ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู…
02:12
a fact-based conversation,
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ุญูˆุงุฑุง ู…ุจู†ูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ,
02:14
and we want to help make that happen.
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุฐู„ูƒ.
02:16
CA: So the question that a lot of people have here is,
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ,
02:21
what do you make of Snowden's motivations
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ููŠ ุฏูˆุงูุน ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู†
02:24
for doing what he did,
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ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู…ุง ู‚ุงู… ุจู‡
02:26
and did he have an alternative way that he could have gone?
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ูˆู‡ู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงูŠ ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช ุจุฏูŠู„ู‡ ุŸ
02:30
RL: He absolutely did
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ู‚ุทุนุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช ุจุฏูŠู„ู‡
02:33
have alternative ways that he could have gone,
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑู‚ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ูƒุงู† ุจุงู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุณู„ูˆูƒู‡ุง
02:37
and I actually think that characterizing him
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ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ูˆุตูู‡
02:43
as a whistleblower
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ูƒูƒุงุดู ุชุฌุงูˆุฒุงุช
02:44
actually hurts legitimate whistleblowing activities.
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ูŠุถุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู†ุดุงุทุงุช ูƒุดู ุงู„ุชุฌุงูˆุฒุงุช ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠู‡
02:48
So what if somebody who works in the NSA --
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู… ุดุฎุต ูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ --
02:52
and there are over 35,000 people who do.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 35 ุงู„ู ุดุฎุต ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง
02:55
They're all great citizens.
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ูˆูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูˆู† ุฌูŠุฏูˆู†.
02:57
They're just like your husbands, fathers, sisters,
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ุงู†ู‡ู… ู…ุซู„ ุงุฒูˆุงุฌูƒู… , ุงุจุงุกูƒู… , ุงุฎูˆุงู†ูƒู…,
02:59
brothers, neighbors, nephews, friends and relatives,
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ุงุฎูˆุชูƒู…, ุฌูŠุฑุงู†ูƒู…, ุงุตุฏู‚ุงุฆูƒู… ูˆ ุงู‚ุงุฑุจูƒู…,
03:03
all of whom are interested in doing the right thing
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ูˆูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ู‡ุชู…ูˆู† ุจุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุตุญูŠุญ
03:06
for their country
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ู„ุจู„ุฏู‡ู…
03:07
and for our allies internationally,
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ูˆ ู„ุญู„ูุงุกู†ุง ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุง ,
03:10
and so there are a variety of venues to address
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ู„ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุณู„ูˆูƒู‡ุง
03:14
if folks have a concern.
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ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ู… ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช.
03:15
First off, there's their supervisor,
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ุงูˆู„ุง , ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุนู†ู‡ู… ,
03:17
and up through the supervisory chain
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ูˆ ุตุนูˆุฏุง ุนุจุฑ ุณู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู†
03:20
within their organization.
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ุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ู†ุธูˆู…ุงุชู‡ู….
03:21
If folks aren't comfortable with that,
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ุงู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆ ู…ุฑุชุงุญูŠู† ู„ุฐู„ูƒ,
03:23
there are a number of inspectors general.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุชุดูŠู† ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠูŠู†.
03:25
In the case of Mr. Snowden, he had the option
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ููŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู† , ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑ
03:29
of the NSA inspector general,
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ู„ู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ู„ู„ู…ูุชุด ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠ ู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ,
03:31
the Navy inspector general,
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ุงู„ู…ูุชุด ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠ ู„ู„ุจุญุฑูŠู‡,
03:32
the Pacific Command inspector general,
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ุงู„ู…ูุชุด ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงุทู„ุณูŠ,
03:34
the Department of Defense inspector general,
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ุงู„ู…ูุชุด ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠ ู„ูˆุฒุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฏูุงุน,
03:36
and the intelligence community inspector general,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ูุชุด ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠ ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฎุจุงุฑุงุช ,
03:38
any of whom would have both kept his concerns in classified channels
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ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ูˆ ุณูŠุญุชูุธูˆู† ุจุดูƒูˆุงู‡ ููŠ ู…ุณุงุฑุงุช ู…ุญู…ูŠู‡
03:42
and been happy to address them.
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ูˆ ูƒุงู†ูˆ ุณูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุณุนุฏุงุก ุจุญู„ู‡ุง
03:45
(CA and RL speaking at once)
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(ูƒุฑูŠุณ ูˆ ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช)
03:47
He had the option to go to congressional committees,
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ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ู‰ ู„ุฌุงู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุฌุฑุณ,
03:50
and there are mechanisms to do that that are in place,
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ู„ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ
03:53
and so he didn't do any of those things.
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ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠู‚ู… ุจูุนู„ ุงูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก .
03:55
CA: Now, you had said that
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุงู†ุช ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ุงู† ,
03:58
Ed Snowden had other avenues
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ุงู† ุงุฏูˆุงุฑุฏ ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู† ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงุฎุฑู‰
04:01
for raising his concerns.
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ู„ู†ู‚ู„ ุดูƒูˆุงู‡ .
04:03
The comeback on that is a couple of things:
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ูˆุงู„ุฑุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุจุถุน ู†ู‚ุงุท :
04:07
one, that he certainly believes that as a contractor,
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ูˆุงุญุฏ, ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒู…ุชุนุงู‚ุฏ ,
04:10
the avenues that would have been available to him as an employee weren't available,
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ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู…ุชูˆูุฑู‡ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูุฑุต ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูˆูุฑ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุธููŠู† ,
04:14
two, there's a track record of other whistleblowers,
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ุงุซู†ูŠู†, ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ู…ู† ูƒุงุดููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌุงูˆุฒุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ูŠู† ู„ู‡ ,
04:18
like [Thomas Andrews Drake] being treated
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ู…ุซู„ (ุซูˆู…ุงุณ ุงู†ุฏุฑูˆ ุฏุฑูŠูƒ) ุชู… ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ู…
04:20
pretty harshly, by some views,
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ุจุตูˆุฑู‡ ู‚ุงุณูŠู‡ ุฌุฏุง , ุญุณุจ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุฑุงุก ,
04:23
and thirdly, what he was taking on
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ูˆุซุงู„ุซุง, ุงู† ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡
04:25
was not one specific flaw that he'd discovered,
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุฎุทุฃ ูˆุงุญุฏุง ู…ุญุฏุฏุง ู‚ุงู… ุจุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ ,
04:28
but programs that had been approved
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ุจู„ ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุชู…ุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุงูู‚ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
04:30
by all three branches of government.
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ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุงูุฑุน ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ู„ู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู‡.
04:33
I mean, in that circumstance,
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ุงุนู†ูŠ , ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู
04:36
couldn't you argue that what he did
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ุงู„ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ู…ุง ู‚ุงู… ุจู‡
04:38
was reasonable?
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ูƒุงู† ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠุงุŸ
04:41
RL: No, I don't agree with that.
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ู„ุง , ู„ุง ุงูˆุงูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ .
04:43
I think that the โ€”
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† __
04:47
sorry, I'm getting feedback
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ุงุณู, ุงุณู…ุน ุตูˆุชุง
04:49
through the microphone there โ€”
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑููˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ __
04:52
the actions that he took were inappropriate
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ุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุงู… ุจู‡ุง ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู…ู†ุงุณุจู‡
04:57
because of the fact that he put people's lives at risk,
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ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูˆุถุน ุญูŠูˆุงุช ุงุดุฎุงุต ููŠ ุฎุทุฑ ,
05:02
basically, in the long run,
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ุจุจุณุงุทู‡ , ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„,
05:04
and I know there's been a lot of talk
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ูˆุงุนู„ู… ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู‚ุงูˆูŠู„
05:05
in public by Mr. Snowden and some of the journalists
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ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนู„ุงู… ุจูˆุงุณุทู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู† ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุตุญููŠูŠู†
05:10
that say that the things that have been disclosed
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู†ู‡ุง
05:13
have not put national security and people at risk,
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ู„ู… ุชุถุน ุงู„ุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุฎุทุฑ
05:17
and that is categorically not true.
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ุจุชู‡ .
05:22
They actually do.
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ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูˆุถุนูˆ ุงู„ุงู…ู† ูˆ ุญูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุฎุทุฑ
05:24
I think there's also an amazing arrogance
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุบุฑูˆุฑ ู…ุฏู‡ุด
05:26
to the idea that he knows better than
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ููŠ ููƒุฑู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู„ู… ุงูุถู„ ู…ู†
05:31
the framers of the Constitution
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ู…ู† ูˆุงุถุนูŠ ุงู„ุฏุณุชูˆุฑ
05:34
in how the government should be designed and work
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ููŠ ูƒูŠููŠู‡ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ูˆ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู‡
05:36
for separation of powers
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ู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงุช
05:38
and the fact that the executive and the legislative branch
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ูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ูุฑุน ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠุนูŠ
05:45
have to work together and they have checks and balances on each other,
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ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆ ุณูˆูŠุง ูˆ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุชูˆุงุฒู† ููŠู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
05:47
and then the judicial branch,
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ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ูุฑุน ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุฆูŠ
05:49
which oversees the entire process.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุดุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡
05:50
I think that's extremely arrogant on his part.
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุบุฑูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฌุงู†ุจู‡.
05:55
CA: Can you give a specific example
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงุนุทุงุกู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ุง ู…ุญุฏุฏุง
05:57
of how he put people's lives at risk?
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ุนู† ูƒูŠููŠู‡ ูˆุถุนู‡ ู„ุญูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุฎุทุฑ ุŸ
06:00
RL: Yeah, sure.
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ู†ุนู…, ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ.
06:02
So the things that he's disclosed,
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ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุงู… ุจูƒุดูู‡ุง,
06:06
the capabilities,
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ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช,
06:07
and the NSA is a capabilities-based organization,
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ูˆ (ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡) ู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุธู…ู‡ ู…ุจู†ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช,
06:10
so when we have foreign intelligence targets,
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ู„ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุงุณุชุฎุจุงุฑุงุช ุงุฌู†ุจูŠู‡,
06:14
legitimate things of interest --
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ุงู‡ุฏุงู ู…ุดุฑูˆุนู‡ ู„ู„ุจุญุซ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู‚ุตูŠ--
06:15
like, terrorists is the iconic example,
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ู…ุซู„, ุงู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠูŠู† ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ,
06:17
but it includes things like human traffickers,
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ูˆ ุชุชุถู…ู† ุงูŠุถุง ุงุดูŠุงุก ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุฌุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ุจุดุฑ,
06:20
drug traffickers,
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ู…ู‡ุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฏุฑุงุช,
06:22
people who are trying to build advanced weaponry, nuclear weapons,
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ุฌู‡ุงุช ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุจู†ุงุก ุงุณู„ุญู‡ ู…ุชุทูˆุฑู‡, ุงุณู„ุญู‡ ู†ูˆูˆูŠู‡,
06:26
and build delivery systems for those,
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ูˆ ุจู†ุงุก ุงู†ุธู…ู‡ ุงุทู„ุงู‚ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุณู„ุญู‡ ,
06:28
and nation-states who might be executing aggression against their immediate neighbors,
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ูˆ ุฏูˆู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงูุนุงู„ ุนุฏุงุฆูŠู‡ ู„ุฌูŠุฑุงู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑูŠู† ,
06:32
which you may have some visibility
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุงุจุนุง
06:34
into some of that that's going on right now,
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ู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุงู† ,
06:37
the capabilities are applied
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ู„ุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ูŠุชู… ุชุทุจูŠู‚ู‡ุง
06:41
in very discrete and measured and controlled ways.
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ุจูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุณุฑูŠู‡ ูˆ ู…ู‚ุงุณู‡ ูˆ ู…ุญูƒู…ู‡ .
06:46
So the unconstrained disclosure of those capabilities
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ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุดู ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญูƒูˆู… ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช
06:49
means that as adversaries see them
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ุงุนุฏุงุก ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠุฑูˆู‡ุง
06:51
and recognize, "Hey, I might be vulnerable to this,"
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ูˆ ูŠู†ุชุจู‡ูˆ. "ุงู†ุธุฑ , ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุถุฏูŠ",
06:54
they move away from that,
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ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุจุชุนุฏูˆู† ุนู† ู…ูˆุงุทู† ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ,
06:55
and we have seen targets in terrorism,
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ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠู‡ ,
06:58
in the nation-state area,
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ูˆ ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠู‡ ,
07:00
in smugglers of various types, and other folks
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ูˆ ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุชู‡ุฑูŠุจ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏู‡ , ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู‡ุฏุงู ,
07:03
who have, because of the disclosures,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† , ุจุณุจุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุดูˆูุงุช ,
07:05
moved away from our ability
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ุงุจุชุนุฏูˆุง ุนู† ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุงุชู†ุง
07:08
to have insight into what they're doing.
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ููŠ ุฑุตุฏ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจู‡ .
07:10
The net effect of that is that our people
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ูˆุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุงูุฑุงุฏู†ุง
07:13
who are overseas in dangerous places,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฎุทุฑู‡
07:15
whether they're diplomats or military,
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ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุฏุจู„ูˆู…ุงุณูŠูŠู† ุงูˆ ุนุณูƒุฑูŠูŠู† ,
07:17
and our allies who are in similar situations,
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ูˆ ุญู„ูุงุกู†ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ู…ุดุงุจู‡ู‡,
07:20
are at greater risk because we don't see
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ู‡ู… ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุฎุทุฑ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู„ุงู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ุฑู‰
07:23
the threats that are coming their way.
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ุงู„ุงุฎุทุงุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญูŠู‚ ุจู‡ู… .
07:26
CA: So that's a general response saying that
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุฏ ุนุงู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„
07:28
because of his revelations,
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ุงู†ู‡ ุจุณุจุจ ูƒุดูˆูุงุช ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู† ,
07:30
access that you had to certain types of information
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ูุงู† ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุงุชูƒู… ู„ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุญุฏุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
07:33
has been shut down, has been closed down.
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ู‚ุฏ ุชุถุฑุฑุช , ุชู… ุงูŠู‚ุงูู‡ุง .
07:36
But the concern is that the nature of that access
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุทุจูŠุนู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
07:40
was not necessarily legitimate in the first place.
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุจุงู„ุงุณุงุณ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุงูˆู„.
07:43
I mean, describe to us this Bullrun program
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ุงุนู†ูŠ , ุตู ู„ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ "ุจูˆู„ุฑูˆู†"
07:46
where it's alleged that the NSA
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู… ููŠู‡ ุงุชู‡ุงู… (ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡)
07:48
specifically weakened security
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ุจุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุง ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจุงุถุนุงู ุงู„ุงู…ู† ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ
07:51
in order to get the type of access that you've spoken of.
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ู…ู† ุงุฌู„ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงุฎุชุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒู„ู…ุช ุนู†ู‡ุง.
07:55
RL: So there are, when our
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ุทูŠุจ, ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู…
08:00
legitimate foreign intelligence targets of the type that I described before,
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ุงู„ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุจุงุฑูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุฌู†ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุฏุซุช ุนู†ู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง,
08:03
use the global telecommunications system
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุจุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ
08:06
as their communications methodology,
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ูƒูˆุณูŠู„ู‡ ุงุชุตุงู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠู‡,
08:08
and they do, because it's a great system,
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ูˆู‡ู… ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ูˆุณูŠู„ู‡ ุงุชุตุงู„ ุฌูŠุฏู‡,
08:10
it's the most complex system ever devised by man,
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ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุงุนู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุงู… ุจุตู†ุนู‡ ุงู†ุณุงู†,
08:12
and it is a wonder,
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ู†ุธุงู… ุงุนุฌูˆุจู‡,
08:14
and lots of folks in the room there
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ูˆุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุคุชู…ุฑ
08:16
are responsible for the creation
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ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูˆู† ุนู† ุตู†ุนู‡
08:18
and enhancement of that,
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ูˆ ุชุทูˆูŠุฑู‡ ,
08:19
and it's just a wonderful thing.
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ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุฑุงุฆุน.
08:22
But it's also used by people who are
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุงูŠุถุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงูุฑุงุฏ
08:25
working against us and our allies.
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ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุถุฏู†ุง ูˆ ุถุฏ ุญู„ูุงุกู†ุง .
08:27
And so if I'm going to pursue them,
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ู„ุฐุง ุงุฐุง ุงุฑุฏุช ู…ู„ุงุญู‚ุชู‡ู… ,
08:29
I need to have the capability
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ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช
08:31
to go after them,
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ู„ู…ุทุงุฑุฏุชู‡ู…,
08:33
and again, the controls are in
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ูˆุงู†ุจู‡, ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ
08:36
how I apply that capability,
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ูƒูŠููŠู‡ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุฌุณุณูŠู‡ ,
08:39
not that I have the capability itself.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ูƒูˆู†ูŠ ุงู…ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ุงู… ู„ุง .
08:41
Otherwise, if we could make it so that
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ูˆุงู„ุง , ุงู† ูƒุงู† ุจุงู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุฌุนู„
08:43
all the bad guys used one corner of the Internet,
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ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุดุฑุงุฑ ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุฑูƒู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ,
08:45
we could have a domain, badguy.com.
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ูˆุงุณู…ูŠู†ุง ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ู… , ุงู„ุงุดุฑุงุฑ ุฏูˆุช ูƒูˆู… ู…ุซู„ุง .
08:47
That would be awesome,
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ู„ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุงุฆุนุง ,
08:48
and we could just concentrate all our efforts there.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ูƒู„ ุฌู‡ูˆุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ,
08:50
That's not how it works.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงู…ูˆุฑ ู„ุง ุชุฌุฑูŠ ู‡ูƒุฐุง .
08:52
They're trying to hide
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ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุก
08:54
from the government's ability
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ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰
08:56
to isolate and interdict their actions,
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ุนุฒู„ู‡ู… ูˆ ู…ู†ุน ู†ุดุงุทู‡ู… ,
08:59
and so we have to swim in that same space.
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ู„ุฐุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุณุจุงุญู‡ ูƒู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท.
09:02
But I will tell you this.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฏุนู†ูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงุชูŠ .
09:03
So NSA has two missions.
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ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู…ู‡ู…ุชูŠู† .
09:05
One is the Signals Intelligence mission
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ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฌุณุณ
09:06
that we've unfortunately read so much about in the press.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฃุงุณู ู‚ุฑุฃู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตุญุงูู‡ .
09:10
The other one is the Information Assurance mission,
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ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ,
09:12
which is to protect the national security systems of the United States,
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ูˆุชุนู†ูŠ ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุงู†ุธู…ู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡
09:15
and by that, that's things like
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ูˆุงุนู†ูŠ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุงุดูŠุงุก ู…ุซู„
09:17
the communications that the president uses,
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ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ.
09:19
the communications that control our nuclear weapons,
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ุงู†ุธู…ู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงุณู„ุญุชู†ุง ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠู‡ ,
09:21
the communications that our military uses around the world,
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ุงู†ุธู…ู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู‚ูˆุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุนุณูƒุฑูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ,
09:23
and the communications that we use with our allies,
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ูˆ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุง ู…ุน ุญู„ูุงุกู†ุง ,
09:26
and that some of our allies themselves use.
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ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู†ุธู…ู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุญู„ูุงุกู†ุง ุงู†ูุณู‡ู… .
09:28
And so we make recommendations on standards to use,
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ู„ุฐุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ุชูˆุตูŠุงุช ู„ู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุฌุจ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ,
09:33
and we use those same standards,
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ูˆ ู†ุณุชุนู…ู„ ู†ูุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ,
09:35
and so we are invested
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ู„ุฐุง ู†ุญู† ู…ุณุชุซู…ุฑูˆู† ูˆู…ู‡ุชู…ูˆู†
09:37
in making sure that those communications
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ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุงู† ุงู†ุธู…ู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
09:39
are secure for their intended purposes.
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ู…ุคู…ู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงุฌู„ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ุงุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏู‡ .
09:43
CA: But it sounds like what you're saying is that
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠุจุฏูˆุง ู„ูŠ ุงู† ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ
09:45
when it comes to the Internet at large,
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ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ,
09:49
any strategy is fair game
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ูุงู† ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุงูŠ ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠู‡ ุงู…ุฑ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน
09:51
if it improves America's safety.
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ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู…ู† ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง .
09:54
And I think this is partly where there is such
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ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
09:56
a divide of opinion,
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ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ,
09:58
that there's a lot of people in this room
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ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง
09:59
and around the world
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ูˆ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
10:00
who think very differently about the Internet.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุจุตูˆุฑู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ูู‡ .
10:02
They think of it as a momentous
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ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุดูŠุฆุง ุงุณุงุณูŠุง
10:05
invention of humanity,
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ุงุฎุชุฑุงุนุง ุงู†ุณุงู†ูŠุง
10:07
kind of on a par with the Gutenberg press, for example.
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ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ุงู„ุทุจุงุนู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง.
10:10
It's the bringer of knowledge to all.
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ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ู‡ูˆ ุญุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูู‡ ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน .
10:12
It's the connector of all.
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ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ .
10:14
And it's viewed in those sort of idealistic terms.
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ูŠู‡ ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑู‡ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ูŠู‡.
10:17
And from that lens,
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ูˆู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑ,
10:19
what the NSA has done is equivalent to
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ู…ุง ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจู‡ ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡ ู…ุณุงูˆูŠ
10:21
the authorities back in Germany
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ู„ู…ุง ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงุช ุงู„ู†ุงุฒูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ุงู†ูŠู‡
10:24
inserting some device into every printing press
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ู…ู† ูˆุถุน ุงุฌู‡ุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุจุน
10:26
that would reveal which books people bought
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ูŠูƒุดู ุงูŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุดุฑุงุกู‡ุง
10:30
and what they read.
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ูˆู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจู‚ุฑุงุกุชู‡.
10:32
Can you understand that from that viewpoint,
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชูู‡ู… ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑ ,
10:34
it feels outrageous?
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ูŠุจุฏูˆุง ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ู…ุซูŠุฑุง ู„ู„ุญู†ู‚ ูˆ ุงู„ุบุถุจ ุŸ
10:38
RL: I do understand that, and I actually share the view of the utility of the Internet,
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ุงู†ุง ุงุชูู‡ู… ุฐู„ูƒ, ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงุญู…ู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช
10:42
and I would argue it's bigger than the Internet.
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ูˆ ุงุถูŠู ุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช.
10:43
It is a global telecommunications system.
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ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ .
10:46
The Internet is a big chunk of that, but there is a lot more.
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ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุฌุฒุก ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡, ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ.
10:48
And I think that people have legitimate concerns
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ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุฎุงูˆู ู…ุดุฑูˆุนู‡
10:52
about the balance between transparency and secrecy.
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ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุดูุงููŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠู‡.
10:58
That's sort of been couched as a balance
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชู… ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุตูŠุงุบุชู‡ ูƒุชูˆุงุฒู†
11:00
between privacy and national security.
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ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ
11:04
I don't think that's the right framing.
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ูˆู„ุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฃุทูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจ .
11:05
I think it really is transparency and secrecy.
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดูุงููŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠู‡.
11:07
And so that's the national and international conversation that we're having,
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ู„ุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†
11:11
and we want to participate in that, and want
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒู‡ ููŠู‡ุง , ูˆ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ
11:12
people to participate in it in an informed way.
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ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู† ูŠุดุงุฑูƒูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุจุตูˆุฑู‡ ู…ุชูู‡ู…ู‡ ูˆ ุนุงุฑูู‡ ุจู…ุง ูŠุฌุฑูŠ.
11:15
So there are things,
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ู„ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุดูŠุงุก,
11:17
let me talk there a little bit more,
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ุฏุนู†ูŠ ุงุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง,
11:18
there are things that we need to be transparent about:
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุดูŠุงุก ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ุงู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุตุฑูŠุญูŠู† ุญูˆู„ู‡ุง:
11:22
our authorities, our processes,
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ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุงุชู†ุง , ุทุฑู‚ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง,
11:24
our oversight, who we are.
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ู†ุทุงู‚ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง , ู…ู† ู†ุญู†.
11:26
We, NSA, have not done a good job of that,
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ู†ุญู†. ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡, ู„ู… ู†ู‚ู… ุนู…ู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ุจุฎุตูˆุต ุงู„ุดูุงููŠู‡,
11:28
and I think that's part of the reason
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ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ
11:29
that this has been so revelational
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฌุนู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฏุซู‡ ู…ู†ุชุดุฑู‡
11:32
and so sensational in the media.
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ูˆ ุญุณุงุณู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนู„ุงู….
11:34
Nobody knew who we were. We were the No Such Agency, the Never Say Anything.
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ู„ุง ุงุญุฏ ูƒุงู† ูŠุฏุฑูŠ ุนู† ู…ุงู‡ูŠุชู†ุง, ูƒู†ุง ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ูŠู†, ู…ุชูƒุชู…ูŠู†.
11:38
There's takeoffs of our logo
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชู‚ู„ูŠุนุงุช ู…ู† ุดุนุงุฑู†ุง ุณุงุฎุฑู‡
11:41
of an eagle with headphones on around it.
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ู…ุซู„ ู†ุณุฑ ูŠุถุน ุณู…ุงุนุงุช ุญูˆู„ู‡.
11:44
And so that's the public characterization.
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ู„ุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุตูˆุฑุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู….
11:47
And so we need to be more transparent about those things.
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ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุงูƒุซุฑ ุดูุงููŠู‡ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ูˆุฑ.
11:52
What we don't need to be transparent about,
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ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุตุฑูŠุญูŠู† ุญูˆู„ู‡,
11:53
because it's bad for the U.S.,
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ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุถุฑ ุจู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡.,
11:56
it's bad for all those other countries that we work with
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุถุฑ ูƒู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุนู†ุง
11:58
and that we help provide information
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ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณุงุนุฏู‡ุง ูˆู†ู‚ุฏู… ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
12:00
that helps them secure themselves
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุงุนุฏู‡ู… ููŠ ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุงู†ูุณู‡ู…
12:02
and their people,
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ูˆ ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู‡ู…,
12:03
it's bad to expose operations and capabilities
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ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูƒุดู ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช
12:07
in a way that allows the people that we're all working against,
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ููŠ ุตูˆุฑู‡ ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุถุฏู‡ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ,
12:13
the generally recognized bad guys,
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ุงู„ุงุดุฑุงุฑ ุจุตูˆุฑู‡ ุนุงู…ู‡
12:18
to counter those.
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ุงู† ูŠู‚ุงูˆู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ.
12:20
CA: But isn't it also bad to deal
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠุณ ุณูŠุฆุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„
12:23
a kind of body blow to the American companies
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ุจุตูˆุฑู‡ ุถุงุฑู‡ ู„ู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡
12:26
that have essentially given the world
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏู…ุช ุจุตูˆุฑู‡ ุงุณุงุณูŠู‡ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู…
12:28
most of the Internet services that matter?
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ู…ุนุธู… ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุงู„ู‡ุงู…ู‡ุŸ
12:33
RL: It is. It's really the companies are
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ, ูุนู„ุง ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ
12:37
in a tough position, as are we,
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ููŠ ูˆุถุน ุตุนุจ , ูƒู…ุง ู†ุญู†,
12:40
because the companies,
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ู„ุงู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช,
12:42
we compel them to provide information,
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุดุฌุนู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช,
12:44
just like every other nation in the world does.
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ูƒู…ุง ุชูุนู„ ุงูŠ ุฏูˆู„ู‡ ุงุฎุฑู‰.
12:46
Every industrialized nation in the world
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ุงูŠ ุฏูˆู„ู‡ ุตู†ุงุนูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
12:50
has a lawful intercept program
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู†ุธุงู… ุงุนุชุฑุงุถ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ
12:52
where they are requiring companies
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ูŠุทุงู„ุจูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช
12:54
to provide them with information
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ุจุงุนุทุงุกู‡ู… ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
12:56
that they need for their security,
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ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู†ู‡ุง ู„ุงู…ู†ู‡ู…,
12:57
and the companies that are involved
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ูˆุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ
13:00
have complied with those programs
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ู‚ุฏ ุชุนุงูˆู†ุช ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ
13:01
in the same way that they have to do
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ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชุนุงูˆู†ูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
13:03
when they're operating in Russia or the U.K.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุงูˆ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ู…ุซู„ุง.
13:06
or China or India or France,
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ุงูˆ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ ุงูˆ ูุฑู†ุณุง,
13:10
any country that you choose to name.
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ุงูŠ ุฏูˆู„ู‡ ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุชุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง.
13:12
And so the fact that these revelations
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ู„ุฐุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุดูˆูุงุช
13:17
have been broadly characterized as
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ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุชุดุฎูŠุตู‡ุง ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ูˆู„ู‡
13:20
"you can't trust company A because
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"ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุซู‚ู‡ ุจุงู„ุดุฑูƒู‡ ุฃ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ุงู†
13:21
your privacy is suspect with them"
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ุฎุตูˆุตูŠุชูƒ ู…ุดูƒูˆูƒ ููŠ ุณู„ุงู…ุชู‡ุง ู…ุนู‡ู…"
13:25
is actually only accurate in the sense that
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ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุจู†ูุณ ุงุญุณุงุณ ุงู„ุฏู‚ู‡
13:29
it's accurate with every other company in the world
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ููŠ ุงู† ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑู‡ ุตุญูŠุญู‡ ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฑูƒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
13:32
that deals with any of those countries in the world.
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ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
13:34
And so it's being picked up by people
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ู„ุฐุง ูุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชู… ุงุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนู…ูŠู… ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
13:36
as a marketing advantage,
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ูƒุณูŠุงุณู‡ ุชุณูˆูŠู‚ ุชูุถูŠู„ูŠู‡
13:38
and it's being marketed that way by several countries,
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ูˆูŠุชู… ุชุณูˆูŠู‚ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ููŠ ุนุฏู‡ ุฏูˆู„ ,
13:39
including some of our allied countries,
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ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุญู„ูŠูู‡ ู„ู†ุง ,
13:41
where they are saying,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†,
13:42
"Hey, you can't trust the U.S.,
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"ุงู†ุธุฑ, ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุซู‚ู‡ ุจุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡.
13:44
but you can trust our telecom company,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุซู‚ู‡ ููŠ ุดุฑูƒุชู†ุง ู„ู„ุงุชุตุงู„ุงุช,
13:47
because we're safe."
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ู„ุงู†ู†ุง ุขู…ู†ูˆู†."
13:48
And they're actually using that to counter
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ูˆู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุงูุณู‡
13:50
the very large technological edge
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุงูุถู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑู‡
13:52
that U.S. companies have
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ู„ูƒู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡
13:54
in areas like the cloud and Internet-based technologies.
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ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠู‡ ู‰ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช.
13:58
CA: You're sitting there with the American flag,
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ : ุงู†ุช ุชุฌู„ุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฌูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ,
14:01
and the American Constitution guarantees
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ูˆุงู„ุฏุณุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ูŠุถู…ู†
14:04
freedom from unreasonable search and seizure.
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ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุชูŠุด ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฌุฒ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ.
14:07
How do you characterize
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ูƒูŠู ุชุดุฎุต ุงูˆ ุชุตู
14:09
the American citizen's right to privacy?
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ุญู‚ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู† ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠู‡ุŸ
14:13
Is there such a right?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญู‚ ู„ู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠู‡ุŸ
14:16
RL: Yeah, of course there is.
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ู†ุนู…, ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ.
14:18
And we devote an inordinate amount of time and pressure,
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุจุฐู„ ุฒู…ู†ุง ูˆ ุฌู‡ุฏุง ุบูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏูŠูŠู†,
14:22
inordinate and appropriate, actually I should say,
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ุบูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏูŠ ูˆ ู…ู†ุงุณุจ , ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡,
14:24
amount of time and effort in order to ensure
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ู†ุจุฐู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ู„ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุชูˆูƒูŠุฏ
14:26
that we protect that privacy.
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ู‚ูŠุงู…ู†ุง ุจุญู…ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠู‡.
14:28
and beyond that, the privacy of citizens
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ูˆุฎุตูˆุตูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู†
14:31
around the world, it's not just Americans.
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ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…, ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ูู‚ุท ุฎุงุตุง ุจุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู†.
14:35
Several things come into play here.
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ู‡ู†ุง.
14:37
First, we're all in the same network.
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ุงูˆู„ุง, ู†ุญู† ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุจูƒู‡.
14:39
My communications,
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ููŠ ุงุชุตุงู„ุงุชูŠ,
14:40
I'm a user of a particular Internet email service
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ุงู†ุง ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุฎุฏู… ุจุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ู…ุนูŠู†
14:44
that is the number one email service of choice
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ู…ุฎุฏู…ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„
14:48
by terrorists around the world, number one.
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ุงู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠูŠู† ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… , ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ.
14:50
So I'm there right beside them in email space
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ู„ุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฌุงู†ุจู‡ู… ููŠ ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ
14:53
in the Internet.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช
14:55
And so we need to be able to pick that apart
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ู„ุฐุง ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌู‡ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญู‡
14:58
and find the information that's relevant.
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ูˆ ุงูŠุฌุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏู‡ ู„ู†ุง.
15:05
In doing so, we're going to necessarily encounter
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ูˆ ุจู‚ูŠุงู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง, ุณู†ู‚ุงุจู„ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน
15:08
Americans and innocent foreign citizens
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ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู† ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู† ูˆ ุงุฌุงู†ุจ ุงุจุฑูŠุงุก
15:10
who are just going about their business,
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ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุงุนู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠู‡,
15:12
and so we have procedures in place that shreds that out,
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ู„ุฐุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุนู…ู„ ุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก,
15:14
that says, when you find that,
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ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุชู‚ูˆู„, ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฌุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช,
15:17
not if you find it, when you find it, because you're certain to find it,
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ู„ูŠุณ ุงุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏุช, ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฌุฏ , ู„ุงู†ูƒ ุญุชู…ุง ุณุชุฌุฏู‡ุง,
15:19
here's how you protect that.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุญู…ุงูŠุชู‡ุง.
15:21
These are called minimization procedures.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุชุณู…ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุชุญุฌูŠู….
15:23
They're approved by the attorney general
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุงูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุนูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…
15:25
and constitutionally based.
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ูˆู…ุจู†ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุณุชูˆุฑ.
15:26
And so we protect those.
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ู„ุฐุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุญู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช.
15:29
And then, for people, citizens of the world
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ุงูŠุถุง, ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู† ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
15:33
who are going about their lawful business
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุงุนู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุนู‡
15:35
on a day-to-day basis,
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ุจุดูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠ,
15:37
the president on his January 17 speech,
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ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ููŠ ุฎุทุงุจู‡ ูŠูˆู… 17 ูŠู†ุงูŠุฑ
15:39
laid out some additional protections
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ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠู‡
15:41
that we are providing to them.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ูˆูุฑู‡ุง ู„ู‡ู….
15:43
So I think absolutely,
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ู„ุฐุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุจุงู„ุงุทู„ุงู‚,
15:45
folks do have a right to privacy,
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ุงู† ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุญู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠู‡,
15:46
and that we work very hard to make sure
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุจุฌุฏ ู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ
15:49
that that right to privacy is protected.
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ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠู‡ ู…ุญู…ูŠ.
15:52
CA: What about foreigners using
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุงู†ุจ
15:53
American companies' Internet services?
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ู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡ุŸ
15:55
Do they have any privacy rights?
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ู‡ู„ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงูŠ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุฎุตูˆุตูŠู‡ุŸ
15:59
RL: They do. They do, in the sense of,
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ,
16:02
the only way that we are able to compel
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ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุงู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุงู‚ู†ุงุน
16:08
one of those companies to provide us information
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ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุจุชุฒูˆูŠุฏู†ุง ุจู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
16:10
is when it falls into one of three categories:
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ู‡ูŠ ุงุฐุง ูˆู‚ุนุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุชุตู†ูŠูุงุช:
16:13
We can identify that this particular person,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุง,
16:17
identified by a selector of some kind,
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ู…ุนุฑูุง ุจุนุงู…ู„ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ุง.
16:19
is associated with counterterrorist
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ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงุฑู‡ุงุจ
16:23
or proliferation or other foreign intelligence target.
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ุงูˆ ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ุงูˆ ู‡ุฏู ุงุณุชุฎุจุงุฑุงุช ุงุฌู†ุจูŠ.
16:28
CA: Much has been made of the fact that
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุชู… ุงุณุชู‚ุงุกู‡ ู…ู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู†
16:30
a lot of the information that you've obtained
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฌู…ุนุชู…ูˆู‡ุง
16:32
through these programs is essentially metadata.
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ูˆุตููŠู‡.
16:35
It's not necessarily the actual words
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ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณ ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠู‡
16:37
that someone has written in an email
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุงู… ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุจูƒุชุงุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุฑุณุงู„ู‡
16:38
or given on a phone call.
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ุงูˆ ู‚ุงู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู„ู…ู‡,
16:40
It's who they wrote to and when, and so forth.
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุนู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ ุงู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ู…ุชู‰ , ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง.
16:44
But it's been argued,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชู… ุงู„ุงุญุชุฌุงุฌ,
16:45
and someone here in the audience has talked
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ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุชุญุฏุซูˆุง ู…ุน
16:48
to a former NSA analyst who said
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ู…ุญู„ู„ ุณุงุจู‚ ููŠ ูˆูƒุงู„ุชูƒู… ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„
16:50
metadata is actually much more invasive
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ุงู† ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุตููŠู‡ ุงูƒุซุฑ ุชุนุฏูŠุง
16:52
than the core data,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠู‡,
16:54
because in the core data
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ู„ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠู‡
16:55
you present yourself as you want to be presented.
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ุงู†ุช ุชู‚ุฏู… ู†ูุณูƒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงุก.
16:58
With metadata, who knows what the conclusions are
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุตููŠู‡, ู„ุง ุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู„ู… ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฎู…ูŠู†ุงุช
17:01
that are drawn?
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุงุณุชู‚ุงุกู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจูŠู†ุŸ
17:02
Is there anything to that?
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ู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงูˆ ุฑุฏุŸ
17:04
RL: I don't really understand that argument.
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู„ุง ุงูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุบุงู„ุทู‡.
17:06
I think that metadata's important for a couple of reasons.
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุตููŠู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ ู„ุนุฏู‡ ุงุณุจุงุจ.
17:09
Metadata is the information that lets you
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ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุตููŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ
17:13
find connections that people are trying to hide.
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ุชุฌุนู„ูƒ ุชุฌุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุงุฎูุงุกู‡ุง.
17:17
So when a terrorist is corresponding
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ู„ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุฎุงุจุฑ ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠ ู…ุง
17:19
with somebody else who's not known to us
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ู…ุน ุดุฎุต ุงุฎุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุง ู„ู†ุง
17:21
but is engaged in doing or supporting terrorist activity,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ุชูˆุฑุท ููŠ ูุนู„ ุงูˆ ุฏุนู… ู†ุดุงุท ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠ
17:23
or someone who's violating international sanctions
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ุงูˆ ุดุฎุต ูŠุฎุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุนู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠู‡
17:26
by providing nuclear weapons-related material
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ุจุชูˆููŠุฑ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ู‡ ุจุงู„ุงุณู„ุญู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠู‡
17:29
to a country like Iran or North Korea,
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ู„ุฏูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุซู„ ุงูŠุฑุงู† ุงูˆ ูƒูˆุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูŠู‡,
17:31
is trying to hide that activity because it's illicit activity.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงุฎูุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุดุงุท ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ.
17:35
What metadata lets you do is connect that.
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ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุตููŠู‡ ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุจุท ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช.
17:37
The alternative to that
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ุงู„ุจุฏูŠู„ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
17:39
is one that's much less efficient
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ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูŠู„ ุงู‚ู„ ูƒูุงุกู‡
17:41
and much more invasive of privacy,
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ูˆ ุงูƒุซุฑ ุชุนุฏูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠู‡,
17:42
which is gigantic amounts of content collection.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุชู…ุซู„ ููŠ ุฌู…ุน ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ู‡ุงุฆู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญุฌู….
17:46
So metadata, in that sense,
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ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุตููŠู‡, ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุทุงุฑ,
17:47
actually is privacy-enhancing.
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ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุฏุงุนู…ู‡ ู„ู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠู‡.
17:50
And we don't, contrary to some of the stuff
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… , ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก
17:52
that's been printed,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ูƒุชุงุจุชู‡ุง ุนู†ุง,
17:53
we don't sit there and grind out
399
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ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ูˆุงุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ
17:56
metadata profiles of average people.
400
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ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ูˆุตููŠู‡ ู„ุงู†ุงุณ ุนุงุฏูŠูŠู†.
17:59
If you're not connected
401
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1956
ุงุฐุง ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทุง
18:01
to one of those valid intelligence targets,
402
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ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุจุงุฑูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ ู„ู†ุง,
18:04
you are not of interest to us.
403
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ูุงู†ุช ู„ุง ุชู…ุซู„ ู„ู†ุง ุงูŠ ุงู‡ู…ูŠู‡.
18:08
CA: So in terms of the threats
404
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏุฏุงุช
18:11
that face America overall,
405
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุนู…ูˆู…ุง,
18:13
where would you place terrorism?
406
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ุงูŠู† ุชุถุน ุงู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจุŸ
18:16
RL: I think terrorism is still number one.
407
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏุฏ ุงู„ุงูˆู„.
18:19
I think that we have never been in a time
408
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูˆู‚ุช ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„
18:23
where there are more places
409
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1991
ุชุฒุงูŠุฏุช ููŠู‡
18:25
where things are going badly
410
1105692
2853
ุงู„ุงู…ุงูƒู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑู‡, ูƒุฒู…ุงู†ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
18:28
and forming the petri dish in which terrorists
411
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3901
ูˆ ู…ุดูƒู‘ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุจุคุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠูŠู†
18:32
take advantage of the lack of governance.
412
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ุจุงู„ุงุณุชูุงุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ุญูƒู… ูˆุงู„ู†ุธุงู….
18:37
An old boss of mine, Tom Fargo, Admiral Fargo,
413
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3637
ุงุญุฏ ู…ุฏุฑุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู…ุงุก, ุชูˆู… ูุงุฑุฌูˆ . ุงู„ุงุฏู…ูŠุฑุงู„ ูุงุฑุฌูˆ,
18:41
used to describe it as arcs of instability.
414
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ูƒุงู† ูŠุตู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุจุงู‚ูˆุงุณ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู†ุธุงู…,
18:43
And so you have a lot of those arcs of instability
415
1123606
2368
ู„ุฐุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ,
18:45
in the world right now,
416
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ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุงู†,
18:47
in places like Syria, where there's a civil war
417
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1837
ููŠ ุงู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุซู„ ุณูˆุฑูŠุง, ุญูŠุซ ุชุฌุฑูŠ ุญุฑุจ ุงู‡ู„ูŠู‡
18:49
going on and you have massive numbers,
418
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ูˆู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงุฑู‚ุงู… ุถุฎู…ู‡
18:52
thousands and thousands of foreign fighters
419
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ุงู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุชู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุงุฌุงู†ุจ
18:53
who are coming into Syria
420
1133949
1733
ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู‰ ุณูˆุฑูŠุง
18:55
to learn how to be terrorists
421
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1503
ู„ูŠุชุนู„ู…ูˆุง ูƒูŠู ูŠุตุจุญูˆู† ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠูŠู†
18:57
and practice that activity,
422
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ูˆูŠุชุฏุฑุจูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท,
18:59
and lots of those people are Westerners
423
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ูˆุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุงุดุฎุงุต ุบุฑุจูŠูˆู†
19:01
who hold passports to European countries
424
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ูŠุญู…ู„ูˆู† ุฌูˆุงุฒุงุช ู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู‡
19:05
or in some cases the United States,
425
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ูˆ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุญูŠุงู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏู‡,
19:07
and so they are basically learning how
426
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2401
ู„ุฐุง ู‡ู… ุจุจุณุงุทู‡ ูŠุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ูƒูŠู
19:09
to do jihad and have expressed intent
427
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ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช "ุฌู‡ุงุฏ" ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ู†ูŠุชู‡ู…
19:13
to go out and do that later on
428
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ุจุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ูˆูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุงุญู‚ุง
19:15
in their home countries.
429
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ููŠ ุฏูˆู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏู…ูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง.
19:17
You've got places like Iraq,
430
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ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุงู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚,
19:18
which is suffering from a high level of sectarian violence,
431
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ู ุงู„ุทุงุฆููŠ,
19:21
again a breeding ground for terrorism.
432
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ูˆู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู…ุฑุชุนุง ู„ู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠูŠู†.
19:24
And you have the activity in the Horn of Africa
433
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ูˆู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠ
19:26
and the Sahel area of Africa.
434
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ูˆู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ ููŠ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง.
19:29
Again, lots of weak governance
435
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ู…ุฑู‡ ุงุฎุฑู‰, ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุถุนูŠูู‡
19:32
which forms a breeding ground for terrorist activity.
436
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุถูŠู‡ ุฎุตุจู‡ ู„ู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠ.
19:36
So I think it's very serious. I think it's number one.
437
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ู„ุฐุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจ ุฎุทุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ, ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏุฏ ุงู„ุงูˆู„.
19:38
I think number two is cyber threat.
438
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏุฏ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ.
19:40
I think cyber is a threat in three ways:
439
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงุณููŠุฑูŠ ุฎุทุฑ ุจุซู„ุงุซ ุทุฑู‚:
19:46
One way, and probably the most common way
440
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ุงูˆู„ ุทุฑูŠู‚, ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุงูƒุซุฑ ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุง
19:49
that people have heard about it,
441
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ูˆุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุณู…ุนูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
19:52
is due to the theft of intellectual property,
442
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ู‡ูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ ุณุฑู‚ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุงุฏุจูŠ,
19:54
so basically, foreign countries going in,
443
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4304
ุจุจุณุงุทู‡, ุฏูˆู„ ุงุฌู†ุจูŠู‡ ุชุฏุฎู„,
19:58
stealing companies' secrets,
444
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ูˆุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุณุฑู‚ู‡ ุงุณุฑุงุฑ ุดุฑูƒุงุช,
20:00
and then providing that information
445
1200292
1998
ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠู‚ุฏู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
20:02
to state-owned enterprises
446
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1737
ุงู„ู‰ ุดุฑูƒุงุช ูˆ ุฌู‡ุงุช ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒู‡ ู„ู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู‡
20:04
or companies connected to the government
447
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ุงูˆ ุดุฑูƒุงุช ู…ุฑุชุจุทู‡ ุจุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู‡
20:06
to help them leapfrog technology
448
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ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุชุณุฑูŠุน ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
20:09
or to gain business intelligence
449
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ุงูˆ ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุฎุจุงุฑุงุช ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุงุนู…ุงู„
20:11
that's then used to win contracts overseas.
450
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุนู…ู„ ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ู„ู„ููˆุฒ ุจุนู‚ูˆุฏุงุช ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠู‡.
20:14
That is a hugely costly set of activities that's going on right now.
451
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฒู…ู‡ ุงู†ุดุทู‡ ู…ูƒู„ูู‡ ุฌุฏุง ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุงู†.
20:17
Several nation-states are doing it.
452
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ูˆุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุง.
20:19
Second is the denial-of-service attacks.
453
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ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช ุฑูุถ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ู‡
20:22
You're probably aware that there have been
454
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1379
ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุชุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
20:24
a spate of those directed against
455
1224032
1971
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ุถุฏ
20:26
the U.S. financial sector since 2012.
456
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ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ ู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ู…ู†ุฐ ุนุงู… 2012.
20:29
Again, that's a nation-state who is executing those attacks,
457
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2617
ู…ุฑู‡ ุงุฎุฑู‰, ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฏูˆู„ ุณูŠุงุฏูŠู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช,
20:32
and they're doing that
458
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ูˆู‡ู… ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจู‡ุง
20:33
as a semi-anonymous way of reprisal.
459
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ูƒุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุดุจู‡ ุณุฑูŠู‡ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู….
20:38
And the last one is destructive attacks,
460
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1390
ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑูŠู‡,
20:39
and those are the ones that concern me the most.
461
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุซูŠุฑ ู‚ู„ู‚ูŠ ุจุงู„ุงูƒุซุฑูŠู‡.
20:40
Those are on the rise.
462
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช ููŠ ุชุตุงุนุฏ .
20:42
You have the attack against Saudi Aramco in 2012,
463
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ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุถุฏ ุงุฑุงู…ูƒูˆ ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠู‡ ุนุงู… 2012,
20:45
August of 2012.
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ุงุบุณุทุณ ู…ู† ุนุงู… 2012,
20:47
It took down about 35,000 of their computers
465
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ู‚ุฏ ุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุชุนุทูŠู„ 35 ุงู„ู ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุญุงุณูˆุจ
20:49
with a Wiper-style virus.
466
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ุจูุงูŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ุงุณุญ ู„ู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช.
20:51
You had a follow-on a week later
467
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‡ุฌูˆู… ู„ุงุญู‚ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุงุณุจูˆุน
20:53
to a Qatari company.
468
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ุถุฏ ุดุฑูƒู‡ ู‚ุทุฑูŠู‡
20:55
You had March of 2013,
469
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ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู‡ุฌูˆู… ู…ุงุฑุณ ุนุงู… 2013
20:57
you had a South Korean attack
470
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ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจูŠู‡
21:00
that was attributed in the press to North Korea
471
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ุชู… ุงุชู‡ุงู… ูƒูˆุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูŠู‡ ุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุญุงูู‡
21:02
that took out thousands of computers.
472
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุนุทู„ ุงู„ุงู ุงู„ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ.
21:04
Those are on the rise,
473
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช ููŠ ุตุนูˆุฏ
21:05
and we see people expressing interest
474
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ูˆู†ุฑู‰ ุงู†ุงุณ ูŠุนุจุฑูˆู† ุนู† ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ู‡ู…
21:08
in those capabilities
475
1268673
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ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุฎุฑูŠุจูŠู‡
21:09
and a desire to employ them.
476
1269849
2017
ูˆ ูŠุนุจุฑู† ุนู† ุฑุบุจู‡ ููŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง.
21:11
CA: Okay, so a couple of things here,
477
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุญุณู†ุง, ู„ุฏูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ู‡ู†ุง,
21:13
because this is really the core of this, almost.
478
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1942
ู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน,
21:15
I mean, first of all,
479
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ุงุนู†ูŠ, ุงูˆู„ุง,
21:16
a lot of people who look at risk
480
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู†ุธุฑูˆู† ู„ู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ
21:18
and look at the numbers
481
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ูˆูŠู†ุธุฑูˆู† ู„ู„ุงุฑู‚ุงู…
21:19
don't understand this belief that terrorism
482
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ู„ุง ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงูŠู…ุงู† ุงู† ุงู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจ
21:21
is still the number one threat.
483
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\ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏุฏ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ.
21:23
Apart from September 11,
484
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ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช 9/11,
21:25
I think the numbers are that in the last 30 or 40 years
485
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ุงุฑู‚ุงู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงุฎุฑ 30-40 ุณู†ู‡
21:27
about 500 Americans have died from terrorism,
486
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ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 500 ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู‚ุชู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุงุญุฏุงุซ ุงุฑู‡ุงุจ,
21:30
mostly from homegrown terrorists.
487
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ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุญูˆุงุฏุซ ุงุฑู‡ุงุจ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ.
21:34
The chance in the last few years
488
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ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนูˆุงู… ุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑู‡, ูุฑุตู‡
21:36
of being killed by terrorism
489
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ุงู† ูŠุชู… ู‚ุชู„ูƒ ููŠ ุญุงุฏุซ ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠ
21:37
is far less than the chance of being killed by lightning.
490
1297934
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ุงู‚ู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ูุฑุตู‡ ู‚ุชู„ูƒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุตุงุนู‚ู‡.
21:41
I guess you would say that a single nuclear incident
491
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู† ุญุงุฏุซ ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
21:45
or bioterrorism act or something like that
492
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ุงูˆ ุงุฑู‡ุงุจ ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ุงูˆ ุดูŠุฆ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„
21:48
would change those numbers.
493
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุฑู‚ุงู….
21:50
Would that be the point of view?
494
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุŸ
21:52
RL: Well, I'd say two things.
495
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ุญุณู†ุง, ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุดูŠุฆูŠู†.
21:53
One is, the reason that there hasn't been
496
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ุงูˆู„ู‡ู…ุง, ุงู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
21:55
a major attack in the United States since 9/11,
497
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ุญุงุฏุซ ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ู…ู†ุฐ 9/11,
21:57
that is not an accident.
498
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ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุฏูู‡.
21:59
That's a lot of hard work that we have done,
499
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ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุงู‚ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ู†ุง,
22:01
that other folks
500
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ูˆ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุบูŠุฑู†ุง
22:02
in the intelligence community have done,
501
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ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุงุฌู‡ุฒู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุจุงุฑูŠู‡,
22:04
that the military has done,
502
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ูˆู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฌูŠุด,
22:05
and that our allies around the globe have done.
503
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ูˆู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุญู„ูุงุกู†ุง ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
22:07
You've heard the numbers about
504
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุณู…ุนุช ุงู„ุงุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุชูŠ
22:09
the tip of the iceberg in terms
505
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ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ู‚ุทู‡ ุถุฆูŠู„ู‡ ููŠ ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡
22:12
of numbers of terrorist attacks that NSA programs
506
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ุจุงุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุงู…ุช ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡
22:14
contributed to stopping was 54,
507
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ุจุงูŠู‚ุงูู‡ุง, ู‡ูŠ 54 ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏ,
22:17
25 of those in Europe,
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25 ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงูˆุฑูˆุจุง,
22:19
and of those 25,
509
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ูˆู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€25,
22:21
18 of them occurred in three countries,
510
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18 ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุญุฏุซุช ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฏูˆู„ ,
22:24
some of which are our allies,
511
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ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุญู„ูุงุกู†ุง,
22:26
and some of which are beating the heck out of us
512
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ูˆุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ูŠู†ุชู‚ุฏูˆู†ู†ุง ุจุดุฏู‡
22:28
over the NSA programs, by the way.
513
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ุญูˆู„ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌู†ุง ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจู‡.
22:32
So that's not an accident that those things happen.
514
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ู„ุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ุตุฏูู‡,
22:35
That's hard work. That's us finding intelligence
515
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงุฌุชู‡ุงุฏ, ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุฌุงุฏู†ุง ู„ู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญู‡
22:37
on terrorist activities
516
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ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุดุงุทุงุช ุงู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠู‡
22:39
and interdicting them through one way or another,
517
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ูˆู‚ูŠุงู…ู†ุง ุจุงุนุงู‚ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุงูˆ ุจุงุฎุฑู‰.
22:41
through law enforcement,
518
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงุช,
22:42
through cooperative activities with other countries
519
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู†ุดุงุทุงุช ุชุนุงูˆู†ูŠู‡ ู…ุน ุฏูˆู„ ุงุฎุฑู‰
22:45
and sometimes through military action.
520
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ูˆุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุนุณูƒุฑูŠู‡.
22:48
The other thing I would say is that
521
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ุงู„ุดูŠุฆ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงูˆุฏ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ
22:51
your idea of nuclear or chem-bio-threat
522
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ููƒุฑุชูƒ ุนู† ุงู„ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ
22:56
is not at all far-fetched
523
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ู„ูŠุณุช ููƒุฑู‡ ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡ุง
22:58
and in fact there are a number of groups
524
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏู‡ ุฌู‡ุงุช
22:59
who have for several years expressed interest
525
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ุชู‚ูˆู… ูˆู„ุนุฏู‡ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ู‡ุง
23:01
and desire in obtaining those capabilities
526
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ูˆุฑุบุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุชู…ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช
23:04
and work towards that.
527
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ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ู…ู† ุงุฌู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ุฏู.
23:06
CA: It's also been said that,
528
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุชู… ุงูŠุถุง ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู†ู‡,
23:07
of those 54 alleged incidents,
529
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ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฒุนูˆู…ู‡ ุงู„ู€54,
23:10
that as few as zero of them
530
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ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
23:12
were actually anything to do
531
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ุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
23:13
with these controversial programs
532
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑู‡ ู„ู„ุฌุฏู„
23:15
that Mr. Snowden revealed,
533
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุดู ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู†,
23:18
that it was basically through other forms of intelligence,
534
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ุจุจุณุงุทู‡ ุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงุณุชุฎุจุงุฑูŠู‡ ุงุฎุฑู‰,
23:22
that you're looking for a needle in a haystack,
535
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ูˆุงู†ูƒ ุชุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงุจุฑู‡ ููŠ ูƒูˆู… ู‚ุด,
23:25
and the effects of these programs,
536
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ูˆ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ,
23:27
these controversial programs,
537
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑู‡ ู„ู„ุฌุฏู„,
23:28
is just to add hay to the stack,
538
1408231
2072
ู‡ูŠ ูู‚ุท ู„ุงุถุงูู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุด ู„ู„ูƒูˆู…,
23:30
not to really find the needle.
539
1410303
1580
ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู„ู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุงุจุฑู‡.
23:31
The needle was found by other methods.
540
1411883
2082
ุงู„ุงุจุฑู‡ ุชู… ุงูŠุฌุงุฏู‡ุง ุจูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงุฎุฑู‰.
23:33
Isn't there something to that?
541
1413965
4124
ุงู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฃู†ุŸ
23:38
RL: No, there's actually two programs
542
1418089
2408
ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ู„ุง, ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุงู†
23:40
that are typically implicated in that discussion.
543
1420497
2417
ูŠุชู… ุนุงุฏู‡ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุด.
23:42
One is the section 215 program,
544
1422914
2478
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุน 215,
23:45
the U.S. telephony metadata program,
545
1425392
2978
ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏู‡ ู„ู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุตููŠู‡ ู„ู„ุงุชุตุงู„,
23:48
and the other one is
546
1428370
2040
ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ
23:50
popularly called the PRISM program,
547
1430410
1594
ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ (ุจุฑูŠุณู…),
23:52
and it's actually section 702 of the FISA Amendment Act.
548
1432004
3248
ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุน 702 ู…ู† ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ (ููŠุณุง).
23:55
But the 215 program
549
1435252
4190
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ 215
23:59
is only relevant to threats
550
1439442
1727
ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ู‡ ูู‚ุท ุจุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏุฏุงุช
24:01
that are directed against the United States,
551
1441169
2259
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ุถุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡.
24:03
and there have been a dozen threats
552
1443428
2900
ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏุณุชู‡ ู…ู‡ุฏุฏุงุช
24:06
where that was implicated.
553
1446328
1315
ุชู… ููŠู‡ุง ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุฐู„ูƒ.
24:07
Now what you'll see people say publicly
554
1447643
3189
ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ู†ุง
24:10
is there is no "but for" case,
555
1450832
2036
ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงู„ู‡ "ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงุฌู„"
24:12
and so there is no case where, but for that,
556
1452868
3813
ุงูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงู„ู‡ ูŠู‚ุงู„ ููŠู‡ุง "ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงุฌู„" ุฐู„ูƒ
24:16
the threat would have happened.
557
1456681
1701
ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุณูŠู‚ุน.
24:18
But that actually indicates a lack of understanding
558
1458382
4207
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูŠุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏู… ูู‡ู…
24:22
of how terrorist investigations actually work.
559
1462589
5117
ู„ูƒูŠููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุงุช ููŠ ุญูˆุงุฏุซ ุงู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจ.
24:27
You think about on television,
560
1467706
1478
ุงู†ุช ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ูุงุฒ ู…ุซู„ุง,
24:29
you watch a murder mystery.
561
1469184
1332
ุชุดุงู‡ุฏ ุฏุฑุงู…ุง ุฌุฑูŠู…ู‡ ู‚ุชู„.
24:30
What do you start with? You start with a body,
562
1470516
1530
ุจู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุŸ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุฌุซู‡.
24:32
and then they work their way from there to solve the crime.
563
1472046
2236
ูˆู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ู„ุญู„ ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠู…ู‡.
24:34
We're actually starting well before that,
564
1474282
1531
ู†ุญู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน,
24:35
hopefully before there are any bodies,
565
1475813
1501
ู‚ุจู„ ุงู† ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุงูŠ ุฌุซุซ,
24:37
and we're trying to build the case for
566
1477314
2433
ู†ุญู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุจู†ุงุก ู‚ุถูŠู‡
24:39
who the people are, what they're trying to do,
567
1479747
2430
ู„ู…ู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ุงุดุฎุงุต ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡,
24:42
and that involves massive amounts of information.
568
1482177
2850
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุถู…ู† ูƒู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ุงุฆู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช.
24:45
Think of it is as mosaic,
569
1485027
1481
ููƒุฑ ุจู‡ุง ูƒู‚ุทุนู‡ ูุณูŠูุณุงุก,
24:46
and it's hard to say that any one piece of a mosaic
570
1486508
2162
ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฃู† ุงูŠ ู‚ุทุนู‡ ููŠ ูุณูŠูุณุงุก
24:48
was necessary to building the mosaic,
571
1488670
2632
ูƒุงู†ุช ุงุณุงุณูŠู‡ ู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ูุณูŠูุณุงุก,
24:51
but to build the complete picture,
572
1491302
1729
ู„ูƒู† ู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุตูˆุฑู‡ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ู‡,
24:53
you need to have all the pieces of information.
573
1493031
1965
ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ูƒู„ ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช.
24:54
On the other, the non-U.S.-related threats out of those 54,
574
1494996
3105
ุงูŠุถุง, ุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง
24:58
the other 42 of them,
575
1498101
3189
ุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช ุงู„ู€42 ุงู„ุงุฎุฑู‰,
25:01
the PRISM program was hugely relevant to that,
576
1501290
4630
ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ (ุจุฑูŠุณู…) ูƒุงู† ู…ุญูˆุฑูŠุง ููŠู‡ุง,
25:05
and in fact was material in contributing
577
1505920
2986
ูˆูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุงุณุงุณูŠุง
25:08
to stopping those attacks.
578
1508906
1882
ููŠ ุงูŠู‚ุงู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช.
25:10
CA: Snowden said two days ago
579
1510788
1337
ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู† ู‚ุงู„ ู‚ุจู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู†
25:12
that terrorism has always been
580
1512125
3370
ุงู† ุงู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจ ูƒุงู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
25:15
what is called in the intelligence world
581
1515495
2128
ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุจุงุฑุงุช
25:17
"a cover for action,"
582
1517623
1546
"ุบุทุงุก ู„ู„ูุนู„"
25:19
that it's something that,
583
1519169
1937
ุงู† ุงู„ุงุฑู‡ุงุจ ุดูŠ,
25:21
because it invokes such a powerful
584
1521106
1716
ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุซุงุฑู‡ ุนุงุทูู‡
25:22
emotional response in people,
585
1522822
1839
ู‚ูˆูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ,
25:24
it allows the initiation of these programs
586
1524661
2634
ูุงู†ู‡ ูŠุณู…ุญ ุจุงุทู„ุงู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ
25:27
to achieve powers that an organization like yours
587
1527295
3561
ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณู„ุทุงุช ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุจุงู…ูƒุงู† ู…ู†ุธู…ุงุช ู…ุซู„ ู…ู†ุธู…ุชูƒู…
25:30
couldn't otherwise have.
588
1530856
1567
ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
25:32
Is there any internal debate about that?
589
1532423
3452
ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงูŠ ู†ู‚ุงุด ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
25:35
RL: Yeah.
590
1535875
1412
ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ู†ุนู…
25:37
I mean, we debate these things all the time,
591
1537287
2000
ุงุนู†ูŠ, ู†ุญู† ู†ุชู†ุงู‚ุด ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช,
25:39
and there is discussion that goes on
592
1539287
2759
ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ู‚ุงุด ูŠุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ
25:42
in the executive branch
593
1542046
1921
ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐูŠ
25:43
and within NSA itself
594
1543967
2063
ูˆุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ู†ูุณู‡ุง
25:46
and the intelligence community about
595
1546030
1655
ูˆู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงุฌู‡ุฒู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุจุงุฑุงุช ุญูˆู„
25:47
what's right, what's proportionate,
596
1547685
1360
ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ, ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจ,
25:49
what's the correct thing to do.
597
1549045
1261
ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠุฆ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ูุนู„ู‡.
25:50
And it's important to note that the programs
598
1550306
1578
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู…ู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ
25:51
that we're talking about
599
1551884
1347
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ุง
25:53
were all authorized by two different presidents,
600
1553231
3402
ุชู… ุงุฌุงุฒุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู†,
25:56
two different political parties,
601
1556633
1745
ุญุฒุจูŠู† ุณูŠุงุณูŠูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู†,
25:58
by Congress twice,
602
1558378
2135
ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุฌุฑุณ ู…ุฑุชูŠู†,
26:00
and by federal judges 16 different times,
603
1560513
3836
ูˆู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงู‡ ุงู„ูุฏุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† 16 ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ูู‡,
26:04
and so this is not NSA running off
604
1564349
4712
ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฃู† ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู… ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง
26:09
and doing its own thing.
605
1569061
1463
ุจุงุดูŠุงุก ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง.
26:10
This is a legitimate activity
606
1570524
2448
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูุนุงู„ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู‡
26:12
of the United States foreign government
607
1572972
2518
ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุน ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠู‡ ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏู‡
26:15
that was agreed to by all the branches
608
1575490
2175
ูˆุชู… ุงู„ุงุชูุงู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุนุงุช
26:17
of the United States government,
609
1577665
1984
ู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู‡ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡,
26:19
and President Madison would have been proud.
610
1579649
3049
ูˆุงู„ุฑูŠุณ ู…ุงุฏูŠุณูˆู† ูƒุงู† ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ูุฎูˆุฑุง.
26:22
CA: And yet, when congressmen discovered
611
1582698
4089
ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ, ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงูƒุชุดู ุงุนุถุงุก ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุฌุฑุณ
26:26
what was actually being done with that authorization,
612
1586787
2230
ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุญูŠุงุช,
26:29
many of them were completely shocked.
613
1589017
2869
ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุตุฏูˆู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
26:31
Or do you think that is not a legitimate reaction,
614
1591886
3346
ู‡ู„ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุฑุฏ ูุนู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุง,
26:35
that it's only because it's now come out publicly,
615
1595232
2105
ุงู†ู‡ ูˆู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุตุงุฑ ุนู„ู†ูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†,
26:37
that they really knew exactly what you were doing
616
1597337
3102
ุจุงุชูˆุง ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจู‡ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡
26:40
with the powers they had granted you?
617
1600439
2336
ุจุงู„ุตู„ุงุญูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุนุทูˆู‡ุง ู„ูƒู…ุŸ
26:42
RL: Congress is a big body.
618
1602775
1674
ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ุงู„ูƒู†ุฌุฑุณ ุฌุณู… ุถุฎู….
26:44
There's 535 of them,
619
1604449
1977
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ 535 ุนุถูˆุง,
26:46
and they change out frequently,
620
1606426
2141
ูŠุชุบูŠุฑูˆู† ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ,
26:48
in the case of the House, every two years,
621
1608567
1858
ู…ุฑู‡ ูƒู„ ุนุงู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจู‡ ู„ู„ุจุฑู„ู…ุงู†,
26:50
and I think that the NSA provided
622
1610425
3776
ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏู…ุช
26:54
all the relevant information to our oversight committees,
623
1614201
3137
ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ู‡ ู„ู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุณ ุงู„ุงุดุฑุงููŠู‡,
26:57
and then the dissemination of that information
624
1617338
2278
ูˆู†ุดุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
26:59
by the oversight committees throughout Congress
625
1619616
1899
ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู„ุฌู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงุดุฑุงููŠู‡ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุฌุฑุณ
27:01
is something that they manage.
626
1621515
2634
ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุฆ ูŠุฏูŠุฑูˆู†ู‡.
27:04
I think I would say that Congress members
627
1624149
4856
ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงุนุถุงุก ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุฌุฑุณ
27:09
had the opportunity to make themselves aware,
628
1629005
3831
ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ูุฑุตู‡ ู„ุชูˆุนูŠู‡ ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ,
27:12
and in fact a significant number of them,
629
1632836
1869
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู…,
27:14
the ones who are assigned oversight responsibility,
630
1634705
3458
ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ู‡ุงู… ุงุดุฑุงููŠู‡,
27:18
did have the ability to do that.
631
1638163
1174
ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ ู„ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
27:19
And you've actually had the chairs of those committees say that in public.
632
1639337
3938
ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฑุคุณุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุฌุงู† ูŠุนุชุฑููˆู† ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู†ุง.
27:23
CA: Now, you mentioned the threat of cyberattacks,
633
1643275
1557
ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุงู„ุงู†, ุงู†ุช ุฐูƒุฑุช ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช ุงู„ุงุณููŠุฑูŠู‡,
27:24
and I don't think anyone in this room would disagree
634
1644832
2167
ูˆู„ุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ุงุญุฏุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑูู‡ ุณูŠุฎุงู„ูู†ุง
27:26
that that is a huge concern,
635
1646999
1890
ููŠ ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุณุฃู„ู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑู‡,
27:28
but do you accept that there's a tradeoff
636
1648889
1834
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุงุฌุฑู‡
27:30
between offensive and defensive strategies,
637
1650723
2411
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏูุงุนูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ูŠู‡,
27:33
and that it's possible that the very measures taken
638
1653134
2825
ูˆุงู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุงู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุชุจุนุช
27:35
to, "weaken encryption,"
639
1655959
2669
ู„ุงุถุนุงู ุงู„ุชุดููŠุฑ
27:38
and allow yourself to find the bad guys,
640
1658628
2153
ูˆุงู„ุณู…ุงุญ ู„ุงู†ูุณูƒู… ุจุงูŠุฌุงุฏ ุงู„ุงุดุฑุงุฑ,
27:40
might also open the door to forms of cyberattack?
641
1660781
4273
ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุชูุชุญ ุงู„ุจุงุจ ู„ุงู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช ุงู„ุงุณููŠุฑูŠู‡ุŸ
27:45
RL: So I think two things.
642
1665054
2843
ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู…ุฑุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู…ุง.
27:47
One is, you said weaken encryption. I didn't.
643
1667897
3847
ุงู„ุงูˆู„, ุงู†ุช ู‚ู„ุช ุงุถุนุงู ุงู„ุชุดููŠุฑ, ุงู†ุง ู„ู… ุงู‚ู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
27:51
And the other one is that
644
1671744
5126
ูˆุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ
27:56
the NSA has both of those missions,
645
1676870
2776
ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุชุงู†,
27:59
and we are heavily biased towards defense,
646
1679646
2281
ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ู…ูŠู„ ุจุดุฏู‡ ู„ู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฏูุงุนูŠ,
28:01
and, actually, the vulnerabilities that we find
647
1681927
3517
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน, ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุถุนู ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฌุฏู‡ุง
28:05
in the overwhelming majority of cases,
648
1685444
2101
ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุธู…ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช,
28:07
we disclose to the people who are responsible
649
1687545
2773
ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุงุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู†
28:10
for manufacturing or developing those products.
650
1690318
3363
ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูˆ ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช.
28:13
We have a great track record of that,
651
1693681
1383
ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุณุฌู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฃู†,
28:15
and we're actually working on a proposal right now
652
1695064
1986
ูˆู†ุญู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญ ุงู„ุงู†
28:17
to be transparent and to publish transparency reports
653
1697050
3170
ู„ู†ูƒูˆู† ุดูุงููŠู† ูˆ ู†ู‚ุฏู… ุชู‚ุงุฑูŠุฑ ุดูุงููŠู‡
28:20
in the same way that the Internet companies
654
1700220
2886
ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช
28:23
are being allowed to publish transparency reports for them.
655
1703106
3867
ุจู†ุดุฑ ุชู‚ุงุฑูŠุฑ ุดูุงููŠู‡ ุนู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง.
28:26
We want to be more transparent about that.
656
1706973
1998
ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุดูุงููŠู† ุงูƒุซุฑ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ.
28:28
So again, we eat our own dog food.
657
1708971
3129
ู„ุฐุง ู…ุฑู‡ ุงุฎุฑู‰, ู†ุญู† ู†ุดุฑุจ ู…ู† ูƒุฃุณู†ุง,
28:32
We use the standards, we use the products
658
1712100
2253
ู†ุณุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ูˆ ู†ุณุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช
28:34
that we recommend,
659
1714353
2655
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ูˆุตูŠ ุจู‡ุง,
28:37
and so it's in our interest
660
1717008
2295
ู„ุฐุง ู…ู† ู…ุตู„ุญุชู†ุง
28:39
to keep our communications protected
661
1719303
2638
ุงู† ู†ุจู‚ูŠ ุงุชุตุงู„ุชู†ุง ู…ุญู…ูŠู‡
28:41
in the same way that other people's need to be.
662
1721941
3804
ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุญู…ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑูŠู† ุจู‡ุง.
28:45
CA: Edward Snowden,
663
1725745
3190
ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุงุฏูˆุงุฑุฏ ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู†,
28:48
when, after his talk, was wandering the halls here
664
1728935
4428
ุจุนุฏ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุชู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุชุฌูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง
28:53
in the bot,
665
1733363
1245
ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุจูˆุช ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู‡,
28:54
and I heard him say to a couple of people,
666
1734608
2188
ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุณู…ุนุชู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุจุถุน ุงุดุฎุงุต ,
28:56
they asked him about what he thought
667
1736796
1617
ุณุฃู„ูˆู‡ ุนู† ุฑุฃูŠู‡
28:58
of the NSA overall,
668
1738413
1593
ููŠ ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡
29:00
and he was very complimentary about the people
669
1740006
2773
ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ุงุฏุญุง ุฌุฏุง ู„ู„ุงุดุฎุงุต
29:02
who work with you,
670
1742779
2021
ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ู…ุนูƒู…
29:04
said that it's a really
671
1744800
3923
ู‚ุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡
29:08
impassioned group of employees
672
1748723
1960
ุดุบูˆูู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุธููŠู†
29:10
who are seeking to do the right thing,
673
1750683
2449
ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ู…ู† ุงุฌู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุตุญูŠุญ.
29:13
and that the problems have come from
674
1753132
2954
ูˆุงู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุฌุงุกุช ู…ู†
29:16
just some badly conceived policies.
675
1756086
3119
ูู‚ุท ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุฆู‡.
29:19
He came over certainly very reasonably and calmly.
676
1759205
4445
ูƒุงู† ูŠุจุฏูˆุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠุง ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏุฆุง.
29:23
He didn't come over like a crazy man.
677
1763650
2175
ู„ู… ูŠุจุฏูˆุง ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุดุฎุต ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†.
29:25
Would you accept that at least,
678
1765825
1970
ู‡ู„ ุชู‚ุจู„ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู‚ู„,
29:27
even if you disagree with how he did it,
679
1767795
3016
ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุง ู…ุน ุงูุนุงู„ู‡,
29:30
that he has opened a debate that matters?
680
1770811
4024
ุงู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูุชุญ ุจุงุจ ู†ู‚ุงุด ู…ู‡ู…ุŸ
29:34
RL: So I think that the discussion
681
1774835
2398
ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุด
29:37
is an important one to have.
682
1777233
1864
ู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุด ู…ู‡ู….
29:39
I do not like the way that he did it.
683
1779097
3376
ู„ุง ุงุญุจ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุงู… ุจู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูƒุดู.
29:42
I think there were a number of other ways
684
1782473
2005
ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑู‚ ุงุฎุฑู‰
29:44
that he could have done that
685
1784478
1462
ูƒุงู† ุจุงู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑู‡ุง
29:45
that would have not endangered our people
686
1785940
3296
ูˆู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู„ุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ู„ุฃู†ุงุณู†ุง
29:49
and the people of other nations
687
1789236
2648
ูˆู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑู‰
29:51
through losing visibility
688
1791884
2111
ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูู‚ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุฑุคูŠู‡
29:53
into what our adversaries are doing.
689
1793995
2731
ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงุนุฏุงุกู†ุง ุจูุนู„ู‡.
29:56
But I do think it's an important conversation.
690
1796726
2686
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุจุงู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุงุด ู…ู‡ู….
29:59
CA: It's been reported that there's
691
1799412
1539
ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุชู… ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู†ู‡
30:00
almost a difference of opinion
692
1800951
2109
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏู… ุงุชูุงู‚
30:03
with you and your colleagues
693
1803060
1471
ุจูŠู†ูƒ ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุฒู…ู„ุงุกูƒ
30:04
over any scenario in which
694
1804531
2053
ุญูˆู„ ุงูŠ ุณูŠู†ุงุฑูŠูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠู‡
30:06
he might be offered an amnesty deal.
695
1806584
2603
ู…ู†ุญ ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู† ุนุฑุถ ุนููˆ.
30:09
I think your boss, General Keith Alexander,
696
1809187
2711
ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู…ุฏูŠุฑูƒ, ุฌู†ุฑุงู„ ูƒูŠุซ ุงู„ูƒุณุงู†ุฏุฑ,
30:11
has said that that would be a terrible example
697
1811898
1986
ู‚ุงู„ ุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุซุงู„ุง ุณูŠุฆุง
30:13
for others;
698
1813884
1465
ู„ู„ุงุฎุฑูŠู†,
30:15
you can't negotiate with someone
699
1815349
1657
ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชูุงูˆุถ
30:17
who's broken the law in that way.
700
1817006
2008
ู…ุน ุดุฎุต ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†.
30:19
But you've been quoted as saying that,
701
1819014
2009
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชู… ุงู‚ุชุจุงุณูƒ ูˆุงู†ุช ุชู‚ูˆู„,
30:21
if Snowden could prove that he was surrendering
702
1821023
3208
ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู… ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู† ุจุงุซุจุงุช ุงู†ู‡ ุณูŠุณู„ู…
30:24
all undisclosed documents,
703
1824231
1796
ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูƒุดูˆู ุนู†ู‡ุง,
30:26
that a deal maybe should be considered.
704
1826027
2239
ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนุฑุถ ุนููˆ ,
30:28
Do you still think that?
705
1828266
2970
ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ู‡ู„ ู…ุง ุฒู„ุช ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
30:31
RL: Yeah, so actually,
706
1831236
1518
ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ู†ุนู…, ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน,
30:32
this is my favorite thing about that "60 Minutes" interview
707
1832754
2583
ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู…ูุถู„ ู„ุฏูŠ ููŠ ู„ู‚ุงุก (60 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ู‡) ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุฌุฑูŠุชู‡
30:35
was all the misquotes that came from that.
708
1835337
1712
ูƒุงู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชุฌุช ุนู†ู‡.
30:37
What I actually said, in response to a question about,
709
1837049
2915
ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡, ูƒุฑุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุคุงู„
30:39
would you entertain any discussions
710
1839964
1812
ู‡ู„ ุณุชุฑุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠ ู†ู‚ุงุด
30:41
of mitigating action against Snowden,
711
1841776
6385
ุญูˆู„ ุชุฎููŠู ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุจุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู†,
30:48
I said, yeah, it's worth a conversation.
712
1848161
1832
ู‚ู„ุช ู†ุนู…, ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุญู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ,
30:49
This is something that the attorney general
713
1849993
1635
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู…ุฑ ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฏุนูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…
30:51
of the United States and the president also
714
1851628
1930
ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุงูŠุถุง
30:53
actually have both talked about this,
715
1853558
1538
ู‚ุฏ ุชุญุฏุซูˆุง ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ,
30:55
and I defer to the attorney general,
716
1855096
1369
ูˆุงู†ุง ุงุญูŠู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุฏุนูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…,
30:56
because this is his lane.
717
1856465
1547
ู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงุฎุชุตุงุตู‡.
30:58
But there is a strong tradition
718
1858012
2509
ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏ ู‚ูˆูŠ
31:00
in American jurisprudence
719
1860521
3192
ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡
31:03
of having discussions with people
720
1863713
4575
ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุงุด ู…ุน ุงุดุฎุงุต
31:08
who have been charged with crimes in order to,
721
1868288
1844
ุชู… ุงุชู‡ุงู…ู‡ู… ุจุชู‡ู…, ู…ู† ุงุฌู„
31:10
if it benefits the government,
722
1870132
1516
ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ู…ููŠุฏุง ู„ู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู‡
31:11
to get something out of that,
723
1871648
2378
ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฆ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ,
31:14
that there's always room for that kind of discussion.
724
1874026
2634
ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุดุงุช.
31:16
So I'm not presupposing any outcome,
725
1876660
1689
ู„ุฐุง ุงู†ุง ู„ุง ุงุณุชุจู‚ ุงูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌู‡,
31:18
but there is always room for discussion.
726
1878349
3736
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุณุงุญู‡ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุงุด,
31:22
CA: To a lay person it seems like
727
1882085
1600
ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ู„ุดุฎุต ุนุงุฏูŠ ูŠุจุฏูˆุง ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ
31:23
he has certain things to offer the U.S.,
728
1883685
3368
ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุดุฆ ู„ูŠู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง,
31:27
the government, you, others,
729
1887053
1739
ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู‡, ุงู†ุชู… , ุงุฎุฑูˆู†,
31:28
in terms of putting things right
730
1888792
1681
ู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุงู…ูˆุฑ ููŠ ู†ุตุงุจู‡ุง
31:30
and helping figure out a smarter policy,
731
1890473
2058
ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงูŠุฌุงุฏ ุณูŠุงุณู‡ ุงูุถู„,
31:32
a smarter way forward for the future.
732
1892531
5206
ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุงุฐูƒู‰ ู„ู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
31:38
Do you see, has that kind of possibility
733
1898988
2073
ู‡ู„ ุชุฑู‰, ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠู‡
31:41
been entertained at all?
734
1901061
2398
ุชู… ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุชู‡ุง ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŸ
31:43
RL: So that's out of my lane.
735
1903459
1638
ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู†ุทุงู‚ ุงุฎุชุตุงุตูŠ,
31:45
That's not an NSA thing.
736
1905097
1529
ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุฎุต ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ,
31:46
That would be a Department of Justice
737
1906626
2207
ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฎุต ูˆุฒุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนุฏู„
31:48
sort of discussion.
738
1908833
2497
ู‡ุฐุง ู†ู‚ุงุดู‡ู….
31:51
I'll defer to them.
739
1911330
3296
ู„ุฐุง ุณุฃุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ู„ู‡ู…
31:54
CA: Rick, when Ed Snowden ended his talk,
740
1914626
2965
ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ู‰ ุงุฏูˆุงุฑุฏ ุณู†ูˆุฏูŠู† ู…ุญุงุฏุซุชู‡,
31:57
I offered him the chance to share an idea worth spreading.
741
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ู…ู†ุญุชู‡ ูุฑุตู‡ ู…ุดุงุฑูƒู‡ ููƒุฑู‡ ุชุณุชุญู‚ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ.
32:01
What would be your idea worth spreading
742
1921336
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ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ููƒุฑุชูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุญู‚ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ
32:02
for this group?
743
1922989
2282
ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ุŸ
32:05
RL: So I think, learn the facts.
744
1925271
1992
ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ุง , ุงุนุฑู ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚.
32:07
This is a really important conversation,
745
1927263
2616
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ู‡,
32:09
and it impacts, it's not just NSA,
746
1929879
2076
ูˆุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ุง, ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡,
32:11
it's not just the government,
747
1931955
1198
ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู‡,
32:13
it's you, it's the Internet companies.
748
1933153
2908
ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู†ุช, ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช,
32:16
The issue of privacy and personal data
749
1936061
3118
ู‚ุถูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠู‡
32:19
is much bigger than just the government,
750
1939179
1577
ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู‡,
32:20
and so learn the facts.
751
1940756
1911
ู„ุฐุง ุงุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚.
32:22
Don't rely on headlines,
752
1942667
1596
ู„ุง ุชุนุชู…ุฏูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุคูˆุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู†,
32:24
don't rely on sound bites,
753
1944263
1676
ู„ุง ุชุนุชู…ุฏูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู„ุฎุตุงุช,
32:25
don't rely on one-sided conversations.
754
1945939
2480
ู„ุง ุชุนุชู…ุฏูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุดุงุช ุงู„ุงุญุงุฏูŠู‡,
32:28
So that's the idea, I think, worth spreading.
755
1948419
3149
ู„ุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููƒุฑู‡ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุณุชุญู‚ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ.
32:31
We have a sign, a badge tab,
756
1951568
3393
ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจุทุงู‚ุงุช,
32:34
we wear badges at work with lanyards,
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ู†ู„ุจุณ ุจุทุงู‚ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงุดุงุฑุงุช,
32:36
and if I could make a plug,
758
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ูˆุงู† ูƒุงู† ุจุงู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ ุงุถุงูู‡,
32:38
my badge lanyard at work says, "Dallas Cowboys."
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ุงุดุงุฑู‡ ุจุทุงู‚ุชูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง :(ุฏุงู„ุงุณ ูƒุงูˆุจูˆูŠุณ)
32:41
Go Dallas.
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ุงุดุฌุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚.
32:44
I've just alienated half the audience, I know.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุบุถุจุช ู†ุตู ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑ ุงู„ุงู† , ุงุนุฑู.
32:47
So the lanyard that our people
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ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุดุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ
32:51
who work in the organization
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ูŠู„ุจุณู‡ุง ุงุนุถุงุก ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚
32:52
that does our crypto-analytic work
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุงุนู…ุงู„ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุชุดููŠุฑ
32:55
have a tab that says, "Look at the data."
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ุงู„ุงุดุงุฑู‡ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง : "ุงู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช"
32:57
So that's the idea worth spreading.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ููƒุฑู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุญู‚ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ
32:58
Look at the data.
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ุงู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช.
33:01
CA: Rick, it took a certain amount of courage,
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ, ู‡ุฐุง ูุนู„ ุดุฌุงุน
33:03
I think, actually, to come and speak openly
769
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ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ูƒู… , ุงู† ุชุฃุชูˆุง ูˆุชุชุญุฏุซูˆุง
33:06
to this group.
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ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ุจูƒู„ ุตุฑุงุญู‡
33:07
It's not something the NSA has done a lot of in the past,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุงู…ุฑุง ู‚ุงู…ุช ุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ ุจูุนู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚,
33:10
and plus the technology has been challenging.
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ูˆ ู†ุนุชุฐุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‡ .
33:13
We truly appreciate you doing that
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ู†ุญู† ู…ู…ุชู†ูˆู† ู„ู‚ูŠุงู…ูƒ ุจู‡ุฐุง
33:15
and sharing in this very important conversation.
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ูˆู…ุดุงุฑูƒุชูƒ ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู….
33:17
Thank you so much.
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ุดูƒุฑุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุง ู„ูƒ.
33:19
RL: Thanks, Chris.
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ: ุดูƒุฑุง ูƒุฑูŠุณ
(ุชุตููŠู‚)
33:21
(Applause)
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ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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