Moshe Safdie: What makes a building unique?

50,530 views ใƒป 2008-02-19

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Hussam Awad ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Faisal Jeber
00:13
So, what I'd like to talk about is something
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ู…ุง ุฃูˆุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก
00:17
that was very dear to Kahn's heart, which is:
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุฌุฏุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู„ุจ ูƒุงุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ
00:19
how do we discover what is really particular about a project?
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ูƒูŠู ู†ูƒุชุดู ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฎุงุต ุญู‚ุง ุนู† ุงูŠ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุŸ
00:22
How do you discover the uniqueness of a project as unique as a person?
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ูƒูŠู ุชูƒุชุดู ุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุŒ ูุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุนู‡ ู…ุซู„ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุตุŒ
00:28
Because it seems to me that finding this uniqueness
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู…ูŠุฒ
00:31
has to do with dealing with the whole force of globalization;
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ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆู„ู…ุฉ:
00:41
that the particular is central to finding the uniqueness of place
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ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุต ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู„ุชู…ูŠุฒ
00:47
and the uniqueness of a program in a building.
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ูˆุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰.
00:50
And so I'll take you to Wichita, Kansas,
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ูˆู„ุฐุง ูุฅู†ู†ูŠ ุณูˆู ุฃุฎุฐูƒู… ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆูŠุชุดูŠุชุง ุจูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ูƒู†ุณุงุณุŒ
00:54
where I was asked some years ago to do a science museum
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ุญูŠุซ ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุนุฏุฉ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู…ุชุญู ู„ู„ุนู„ูˆู…
00:57
on a site, right downtown by the river.
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ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ.
01:02
And I thought the secret of the site was to make the building of the river, part of the river.
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ูˆ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏุช ุฃู† ุณุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู‡ูˆ ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ.
01:08
Unfortunately, though, the site was separated from the river by McLean Boulevard
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌุงุฏุฉ ู…ุงูƒู„ูŠู† ุชูุตู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุนู† ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ.
01:13
so I suggested, "Let's reroute McLean,"
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ูˆุงุฐู„ูƒ ุงู‚ุชุฑุญุช ุฃู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ุณุงุฑ ู…ุงูƒู„ูŠู†.
01:16
and that gave birth instantly to Friends of McLean Boulevard.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆู„ุฏุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฑ ุงุตุฏู‚ุงุก ุฌุงุฏุฉ ู…ุงูƒู„ูŠู†.
01:20
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
01:25
And it took six months to reroute it.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงุชุบุฑู‚ ุณุชุฉ ุงุดู‡ุฑ ู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุงุฑู‡.
01:28
The first image I showed the building committee was
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุงูˆู„ ุตูˆุฑู‡ ุงุฑูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ู‡ูŠ
01:34
this astronomic observatory of Jantar Mantar in Jaipur
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุตุฏ ุงู„ูู„ูƒูŠ ู…ู† ุฌุงู†ุชุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทุงุฑ ููŠ ุฌุงูŠุจูˆุฑุŒ
01:39
because I talked about what makes a building a building of science.
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุชุญุฏุซุช ุนู†ุŒ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุนู„ ุจู†ุงุก ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŸ
01:45
And it seemed to me that this structure -- complex, rich and yet
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ูˆูŠุจุฏูˆ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ุŒู…ู…ุชู„ุฆ ูˆู…ุนู‚ุฏ ูˆุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†
01:51
totally rational: it's an instrument -- had something to do with science,
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ุนู‚ู„ุงู†ูŠ ุชู…ุงู…ุงุŒ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฃุฏุงุฉ -- ูƒุงู† ู„ูŠูุนู„ ุดูŠุฆุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ
01:54
and somehow a building for science should be different and unique and speak of that.
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ู„ู„ุนู„ูˆู… ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูˆูุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุนู‡.
01:59
And so my first sketch after I left was to say,
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ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุฑุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ุŒ ุบุงุฏุฑุช ู„ุงู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
02:01
"Let's cut the channel and make an island and make an island building."
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ู„ู†ู‚ู… ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ูˆุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุŒ ูˆุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ.
02:07
And I got all excited and came back, and
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ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุญู…ุณุช ูˆุฑุฌุนุช ูˆ
02:10
they sort of looked at me in dismay and said, "An island?
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ู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู‰ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูุฒุน ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆ: ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉุŸ
02:13
This used to be an island -- Ackerman Island --
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุงูƒูŠุฑู…ุงู†ุŒ
02:15
and we filled in the channel during the Depression to create jobs."
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ูˆู…ู„ุฃู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุงุฏ ู„ุฎู„ู‚ ูุฑุต ุนู…ู„.
02:18
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:21
And so the process began and they said,
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ูˆุจุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู‚ุงู„ ุงู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุจุฏุฆุช
02:24
"You can't put it all on an island;
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ู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉุŒ
02:26
some of it has to be on the mainland because
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ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู„ุงู†ู‡
02:28
we don't want to turn our back to the community."
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ู„ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ู†ุฏูŠุฑ ุธู‡ุฑู†ุง ู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู†ุง.
02:31
And there emerged a design: the galleries sort of forming an island
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ูˆุจู‡ุฐุง ุชู… ุฏู…ุฌ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉุŒ
02:35
and you could walk through them or on the roof.
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ูˆุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุงูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญุŒ
02:38
And there were all kinds of exciting features:
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑุฉ.
02:41
you could come in through the landside buildings,
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ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ุชุฏุฎู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉุŒ
02:44
walk through the galleries into playgrounds in the landscape.
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ุงู…ุดูŠ ุจุฌูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ุนุจุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ.
02:47
If you were cheap you could walk on top of a bridge to the roof,
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ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุจุฎูŠู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญุŒ
02:50
peek in the exhibits and then get totally seduced,
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ูˆุงุฎุฐ ู†ุธุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถ ูˆ ุณุชุบุฑู‰ุŒ
02:54
come back and pay the five dollars admission.
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ุจุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุฏูุน 5 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงุช ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„.
02:56
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:58
And the client was happy -- well, sort of happy
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู„ ุณุนูŠุฏุงุŒ ุงูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ
03:00
because we were four million dollars over the budget, but essentially happy.
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ู„ุงู†ู†ุง ุชุฎุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุณุนูŠุฏ.
03:04
But I was still troubled, and I was troubled because I felt this was capricious.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ู‰ ู…ุงุฒู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ุŒ ูˆุงูŠุถุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ุชู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฌ.
03:10
It was complex, but there was something capricious about its complexity.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดุฆ ู…ุชู‚ู„ุจ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏ.
03:15
It was, what I would say, compositional complexity,
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุŒ ู…ุง ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจูŠ
03:18
and I felt that if I had to fulfill what I talked about --
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ูˆุดุนุฑุช ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ูŠ ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู…ุง ุชุญุฏุซุช ุนู†ู‡ุŒ
03:23
a building for science -- there had to be some kind of a generating idea,
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ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู„ู„ุนู„ูˆู…ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ููƒุฑุฉ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ --
03:26
some kind of a generating geometry.
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ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ.
03:29
And this gave birth to the idea of having toroidal generating geometry,
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ูˆ ูˆู„ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ููƒุฑุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู„ู ุญู„ู‚ูŠ ู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏุŒ
03:34
one with its center deep in the earth for the landside building
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ู…ุน ูˆุณุทู‡ุง -- ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุน ู…ุฑูƒุฒู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃุนู…ุงู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู„ู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุŒ
03:38
and a toroid with its center in the sky for the island building.
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ูˆุญู„ู‚ูŠ ู…ุน ู…ุฑูƒุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุก ู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ.
03:44
A toroid, for those who don't know,
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ูˆุญู„ู‚ูŠุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑููˆู†ุŒ
03:46
is the surface of a doughnut or, for some of us, a bagel.
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ู‡ูˆ ุณุทุญ ูƒุนูƒุงุชุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุจุฒ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ูŠ.
03:50
And out of this idea started spinning off many,
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ูˆุจุฏุฃุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุจุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ
03:54
many kinds of variations of different plans and possibilities,
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ูˆูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทุท ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุชุŒ
03:59
and then the plan itself evolved in relationship to the exhibits,
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ุซู… ุชุทูˆุฑุช ุงู„ุฎุทุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุงุชุŒ
04:03
and you see the intersection of the plan with the toroidal geometry.
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ูˆุชุฑู‰ ุชู‚ุงุทุนู‡ ู…ุน ุฎุทุฉ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ูŠุฉ.
04:09
And finally the building -- this is the model.
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ูˆุฃุฎูŠุฑุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก -- ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ.
04:12
And when there were complaints about budget, I said,
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ูˆู‚ู„ุช ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูƒุงูˆู‰ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ
04:14
"Well, it's worth doing the island because you get twice for your money: reflections."
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ุญุณู†ุง ุŒ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุณุชุญู‚ ุจุฐู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุถุนููŠ ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ูƒ -- ุงู„ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณุงุช.
04:20
And here's the building as it opened,
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ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงูุชุชุงุญ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกุŒ
04:23
with a channel overlooking downtown, and as seen from downtown.
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ู…ุน ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุชุทู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ ูˆูƒู…ุง ูŠุชุถุญ ู…ู† ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ
04:28
And the bike route's going right through the building,
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ูˆ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ูŠู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ุŒ
04:31
so those traveling the river would see the exhibits and be drawn to the building.
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ุญุชู‰ ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุณุงูุฑูˆู† ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ ุณูŠุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุงุช ูˆูŠู†ุฌุฐุจูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰.
04:40
The toroidal geometry made for a very efficient building:
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ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู†ุช ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ูุนุงู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง.
04:43
every beam in this building is the same radius, all laminated wood.
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ูƒู„ ุดุนุงุน ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุตู ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุงุฆู‚ูŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน.
04:48
Every wall, every concrete wall is resisting the stresses and supporting the building.
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ูƒู„ ุฌุฏุงุฑุŒ ูƒู„ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุฅุณู…ู†ุชูŠุŒ ูŠู‚ุงูˆู… ุงู„ุถุบูˆุท ูˆูŠุฏุนู… ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก.
04:54
Every piece of the building works.
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ูƒู„ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงุนู…ุงู„ ุจู†ุงุก.
04:57
These are the galleries with the light coming in through the skylights,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุตุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ู…ุน ุถูˆุก ู‚ุงุฏู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ู†ุงูˆุฑ
05:02
and at night, and on opening day.
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ูˆูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุงูุชุชุงุญ.
05:08
Going back to 1976.
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ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ 1976 --
05:11
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
05:16
In 1976, I was asked to design a children's memorial museum
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-- ููŠ ุนุงู… 1976 ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ุชุฐูƒุงุฑูŠ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„
05:21
in a Holocaust museum in Yad Vashem in Jerusalem,
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ููŠ ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ู…ุญุฑู‚ุฉ ููŠ ูŠุงุฏ ูุงุดูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณุŒ
05:25
which you see here the campus.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุฑุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุง -- ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑู… ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนูŠ.
05:28
I was asked to do a building,
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ูˆุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู†ุงุกุŒ
05:30
and I was given all the artifacts of clothing and drawings.
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ูˆุฃุนุทูŠุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุญู ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ูˆุงู„ุฑุณูˆู…ุงุช.
05:36
And I felt very troubled.
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ูˆุดุนุฑุช ุจุงุถุทุฑุงุจ ุดุฏูŠุฏ.
05:38
I worked on it for months and I couldn't deal with it
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนู…ู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ูˆู„ู… ุงุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุงุŒ
05:40
because I felt people were coming out of the historic museum,
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุดุนุฑุช ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠุŒ
05:43
they are totally saturated with information
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ู…ุดุจุนูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุŒ
05:46
and to see yet another museum with information,
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ูˆุฑุคูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุน ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุŒ
05:49
it would make them just unable to digest.
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ูˆุณูˆู ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ู… ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ุถู….
05:53
And so I made a counter-proposal:
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ูˆู‚ุฏู…ุช ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญุง ู…ุถุงุฏุง.
05:55
I said, "No building." There was a cave on the site; we tunnel into the hill,
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ู‚ู„ุชุŒ ู„ุง ุจู†ุงุกุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒู‡ู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ู†ูู‚ ูˆู†ุญู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุŒ
06:02
descend through the rock into an underground chamber.
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ุชู†ุญุฏุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุตุฎูˆุฑ ููŠ ุบุฑูุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
06:08
There's an anteroom with photographs of children who perished
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฏู‡ุฉ ู…ุน ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ู‚ูˆุง ุญุชูู‡ู…ุŒ
06:12
and then you come into a large space.
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ุซู… ุชุฌุฏ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
06:16
There is a single candle flickering in the center;
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดู…ุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุชุฎูู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ.
06:20
by an arrangement of reflective glasses, it reflects into infinity in all directions.
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ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ ุงู„ุนุงูƒุณุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุนูƒุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช.
06:27
You walk through the space, a voice reads the names,
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ุฃู†ุช ุชู…ุดูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุถุงุกุŒ ูˆุตูˆุช ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุกุŒ
06:32
ages and place of birth of the children.
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ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงุฑ ูˆู…ูƒุงู† ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„.
06:34
This voice does not repeat for six months.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตูˆุช ู„ุง ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ.
06:37
And then you descend to light and to the north and to life.
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ูˆุชู†ุญุฏุฑ ุซู… ู„ู„ุถูˆุก ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุŒ ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
06:42
Well, they said, "People won't understand,
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ุญุณู†ุง ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุงุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุณูˆู ู„ุง ุชูู‡ู… --
06:44
they'll think it's a discotheque. You can't do that."
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ุณูˆู ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑู‚ุตุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
06:46
And they shelved the project. And it sat there for 10 years,
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ูˆ ูˆุถุนูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู. ูˆ ุฌู„ุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 10 ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
06:50
and then one day Abe Spiegel from Los Angeles,
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ุซู… ููŠ ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุงูŠุงู…ุŒ ุฅุฏ ุดุจูŠุฌู„ุŒ ู…ู† ู„ูˆุณ ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุณุŒ
06:54
who had lost his three-year-old son at Auschwitz,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏ ูู‚ุฏ ุงุจู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุซู„ุงุซ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑู‡ ููŠ ุฃูˆุดููŠุชุฒ ุŒ
06:57
came, saw the model, wrote the check and it got built 10 years later.
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ุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌุŒ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุตูƒุŒ ูˆุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ 10 ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุจู†ุงุก ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุงุญู‚.
07:03
So, many years after that in 1998,
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ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ููŠ ุนุงู… 1998 ุŒ
07:07
I was on one of my monthly trips to Jerusalem
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ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฑุญู„ุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณุŒ
07:11
and I got a call from the foreign ministry saying,
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ูˆุชู„ู‚ูŠุช ู…ูƒุงู„ู…ุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ู‚ุงุฆู„ุง :
07:14
"We've got the Chief Minister of the Punjab here.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฑุฆูŠุณ ูˆุฒุฑุงุก ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุฌุงุจ ู‡ู†ุง.
07:20
He is on a state visit. We took him on a visit to Yad Vashem,
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ. ุงุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุงุฏ ูุงุดูŠู….
07:26
we took him to the children's memorial; he was extremely moved.
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ุซู… ุงู‚ุชุงุฏู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุตุจ ุงู„ุชุฐูƒุงุฑูŠ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ูˆุชุฃุซุฑ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
07:29
He's demanding to meet the architect. Could you come down and meet him in Tel Aviv?"
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ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠ ุชู„ุจูŠุฉ ุทู„ุจู‡ ู„ู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน ุจู‡ ููŠ ุชู„ ุฃุจูŠุจุŸ
07:32
And I went down and Chief Minister Badal said to me,
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ูˆุฐู‡ุจุช ุŒ ูˆุฑุฆูŠุณ ูˆุฒุฑุงุก ุจุงุฏุงู„ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠุŒ
07:37
"We Sikhs have suffered a great deal, as you have Jews.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนุงู†ูŠู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุณูŠุฎ ูƒุซูŠุฑุงุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุงู„ูŠู‡ูˆุฏ.
07:42
I was very moved by what I saw today.
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ูˆุชุฃุซุฑุช ุฌุฏุง ุจู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
07:45
We are going to build our national museum to tell the story of our people;
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ุณูˆู ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุญูƒูŠ ู‚ุตุฉ ุดุนุจู†ุงุ›
07:49
we're about to embark on that.
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ู†ุญู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุน ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ.
07:51
I'd like you to come and design it."
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ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฃุชูŠ ูˆุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุตู…ูŠู…ู‡.
07:53
And so, you know, it's one of those things that you don't take too seriously.
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุŒ ุงู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏ.
07:59
But two weeks later, I was in this little town, Anandpur Sahib,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู†ุงุฏุงุจุฑ
08:04
outside Chandigarh, the capital of the Punjab,
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ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุดุงู†ุฏูŠุบุงุฑุŒ ุนุงุตู…ุฉ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุฌุงุจุŒ
08:08
and the temple and also next to it the fortress
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุจุฏุŒ ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุนุฉ
08:13
that the last guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind, died in
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ุญูŠุซ ุชูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุณูŠุฎุŒ ุฌูˆุฑูˆ ู†ุงู†ูƒุงู†ูŠุŒ
08:18
as he wrote the Khalsa, which is their holy scripture.
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ูƒู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุฎุงู„ุตุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒุชุงุจู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุณ.
08:23
And I got to work and they took me somewhere down there,
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ูˆุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ูˆุฃุฎุฐูˆู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ
08:28
nine kilometers away from the town and the temple,
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ุชุณุนุฉ ูƒูŠู„ูˆู…ุชุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุจุฏุŒ
08:30
and said, "That's where we have chosen the location."
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุฎุชุฑู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน.
08:33
And I said, "This just doesn't make any sense.
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ูˆู‚ู„ุชุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู‚ุฏู… ุฃูŠ ู…ุนู†ู‰.
08:37
The pilgrims come here by the hundreds of thousands --
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ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฌ ูŠุฃุชูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฆุงุช ูˆุขู„ุงู --
08:40
they're not going to get in trucks and buses and go down there.
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ุงู†ู‡ู… ู„ู† ูŠุฑูƒุจูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุดุงุญู†ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุญุงูู„ุงุช ู„ู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
08:43
Let's get back to the town and walk to the site."
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุณูŠุฑุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน.
08:46
And I recommended they do it right there, on that hill
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ูˆุฃูˆุตูŠุช ุงู† ูŠุจู†ูˆุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชู„ุฉุŒ
08:49
and this hill, and bridge all the way into the town.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู„ุŒ ูˆุฌุณุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุฉ.
08:53
And, as things are a little easier in India, the site was purchased within a week
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ ุงุดุชุฑูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ููŠ ุบุถูˆู† ุฃุณุจูˆุนุŒ
08:59
and we were working.
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ูˆูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„.
09:01
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
09:02
And my proposal was to split the museum into two --
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญูŠ ู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† :
09:06
the permanent exhibits at one end, the auditorium, library,
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ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุงุช ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ุงุนุฉ ูˆู…ูƒุชุจุฉุŒ
09:11
and changing exhibitions on the other --
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ูˆุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
09:13
to flood the valley into a series of water gardens
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ู„ุชููŠูŠุถ ุงู„ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ
09:17
and to link it all to the fort and to the downtown.
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ูˆุฑุจุท ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุตู† ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ.
09:21
And the structures rise from the sand cliffs --
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ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ ุชุฑุชูุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุญุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฑู…ู„ูŠุฉ.
09:25
they're built in concrete and sandstones; the roofs are stainless steel --
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ุจู†ูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฑู…ู„ูŠุŒ ูˆุฃุณู‚ู ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ููˆู„ุงุฐ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู… ู„ู„ุตุฏุฃ.
09:30
they are facing south and reflecting light towards the temple itself,
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ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุจุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ
09:35
pedestrians crisscross from one side to the other.
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ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ู† ุฌุงู†ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ.
09:38
And as you come from the north, it is all masonry growing out of the sand cliffs
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ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ุจู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุชุฑู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชู†ุงู…ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุญุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฑู…ู„ูŠุฉุŒ
09:44
as you come from the Himalayas and evoking the tradition of the fortress.
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ูƒุฃู†ูƒ ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุฌุจุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ุงู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ูˆุชุณุชุญุถุฑ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุงุน ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ.
09:50
And then I went away for four months
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ูˆุซู… ุฐู‡ุจุช ุจุนูŠุฏุง ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑุŒ
09:52
and there was going to be groundbreaking.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒุงู† ูุชุญุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ.
09:54
And I came back and, lo and behold, the little model I'd left behind
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ูˆุนุฏุชุŒ ูˆู„ูˆ ู„ู…ุญุŒ ูˆู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุชุฑูƒุช ูˆุฑุงุกูŠ
09:57
had been built ten times bigger for public display on site
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ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุจู†ุงุกู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจุนุดุฑ ู…ุฑุงุช ู„ู„ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนุŒ
10:01
and ... the bridge was built!
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ูˆุดูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ.
10:04
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
10:11
Within the working drawings!
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ููŠ ุฅุทุงุฑ ุนู…ู„ ุฑุณูˆู…ุงุช!
10:14
And half a million people gathered for the celebrations;
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ูˆู†ุตู ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต ุชุฌู…ุนูˆุง ู„ุญุถูˆุฑ ุงู„ุงุญุชูุงู„ุงุชุŒ
10:20
you can see them on the site itself as the foundations are beginning.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู†ูุณู‡ ุญูŠุซ ุจุฏุฃุช ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช.
10:24
I was renamed Safdie Singh. And there it is under construction;
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ูƒู†ุช ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุณููŠุฏูŠุง ุณูŠู†ุบุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก --
10:29
there are 1,800 workers at work and it will be finished in two years.
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ูƒู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ 1800 ุนุงู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ ูˆุณูŠุชู… ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุบุถูˆู† ุนุงู…ูŠู†.
10:34
Back to Yad Vashem three years ago. After all this episode began,
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ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ูŠุงุฏ ูุงุดูŠู… ู…ู†ุฐ ุซู„ุงุซ ุณู†ูˆุงุช. ุจุฏุฃ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุŒ
10:39
Yad Vashem decided to rebuild completely the historic museum
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ู‚ุฑุฑุช ูŠุงุฏ ูุงุดูŠู… ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠ ุชู…ุงู…ุงุŒ
10:43
because now Washington was built -- the Holocaust Museum in Washington --
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ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู† ุชุจู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ู…ุญุฑู‚ุฉ ููŠ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู†ุŒ
10:46
and that museum is so much more comprehensive in terms of information.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุชุญู ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ุดุงู…ู„ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช.
10:51
And Yad Vashem needs to deal with three million visitors a year at this point.
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ูˆูŠุงุฏ ูุงุดูŠู… ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงุญุชูŠุงุฌุงุช ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุฒุงุฆุฑ ุณู†ูˆูŠุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ.
10:55
They said, "Let's rebuild the museum."
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุงุŒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุนูŠุฏ ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชุญู.
10:57
But of course, the Sikhs might give you a job on a platter -- the Jews make it hard:
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุณูŠุฎ ุชุนุทูŠูƒ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุจู‚ -- ุงู„ูŠู‡ูˆุฏ ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ ุตุนุจุง.
11:01
international competition, phase one, phase two, phase three.
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ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ.
11:06
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
11:08
And again, I felt kind of uncomfortable with the notion
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ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุดุนุฑุช ุจุนุฏู… ุงุฑุชูŠุงุญ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ู† ููƒุฑุฉ
11:12
that a building the size of the Washington building --
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ุฃู† ุจู†ุงุก ุจุญุฌู… ู…ุจู†ู‰ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู†ุŒ
11:17
50,000 square feet -- will sit on that fragile hill
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50000 ู‚ุฏู… ู…ุฑุจุนุŒ ุชุฌู„ุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชู„ ุงู„ู‡ุดุŒ
11:21
and that we will go into galleries -- rooms with doors
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู† ุดุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถ ุงู„ูู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุบุฑู ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุจูˆุงุจ
11:25
and sort of familiar rooms -- to tell the story of the Holocaust.
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ูˆุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุบุฑู ู…ุฃู„ูˆูุฉ ู„ุชุญูƒูŠ ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฑู‚ุฉ.
11:29
And I proposed that we cut through the mountain. That was my first sketch.
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ูˆุงู‚ุชุฑุญุช ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุทุน ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ -- ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฑุณู… ุฃูˆู„ุŒ
11:34
Just cut the whole museum through the mountain --
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ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู…ุชุญู ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ุŒ
11:36
enter from one side of the mountain,
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ุฃุฏุฎู„ ู…ู† ุฌุงู†ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุจู„ุŒ
11:38
come out on the other side of the mountain --
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ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุจู„.
11:40
and then bring light through the mountain into the chambers.
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ูˆุซู… ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑุงุช.
11:44
And here you see the model:
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ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุŒ
11:47
a reception building and some underground parking.
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ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุจุงู„ ูˆุจุนุถ ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุชุญุช ุงู„ุงุฑุถ.
11:50
You cross a bridge, you enter this triangular room, 60 feet high,
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ุชุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ุŒ ูˆุชุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠุฉ ุŒ ุจุงุฑุชูุงุน 60 ู‚ุฏู…ุงุŒ
11:56
which cuts right into the hill
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุชู„ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุง
11:58
and extends right through as you go towards the north.
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ูˆูŠู…ุชุฏ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„.
12:03
And all of it, then, all the galleries are underground,
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ูˆูƒู„ู‡ุŒ ุซู…ุŒ ูˆุฌู…ูŠุน ุตุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุŒ ูˆุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
12:06
and you see the openings for the light.
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ูˆุชุฑู‰ ูุชุญุงุช ู„ู„ุถูˆุก.
12:09
And at night, just one line of light cuts through the mountain,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ูู‚ุท ุณุทุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุถูˆุก ู…ู† ูŠู‚ุทุน ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ุŒ
12:12
which is a skylight on top of that triangle.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ูƒูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุฃุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ.
12:16
And all the galleries,
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ูˆุฌู…ูŠุน ุตุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุฑุถ --
12:20
as you move through them and so on, are below grade.
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ูˆุฃู†ุช ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ู„ู… ุฌุฑุง -- ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡.
12:23
And there are chambers carved in the rock --
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุบุฑู ู…ู†ุญูˆุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุฎุฑ --
12:28
concrete walls, stone, the natural rock when possible -- with the light shafts.
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ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุฌุฑุŒ ุงู„ุตุฎุฑุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุง -- ู…ุน ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ.
12:32
This is actually a Spanish quarry, which sort of inspired
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฌุฑ ุงู„ุงุณุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุงูˆุญุช
12:38
the kind of spaces that these galleries could be.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถ.
12:41
And then, coming towards the north, it opens up:
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู…ุŒ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠูุชุญ :
12:44
it bursts out of the mountain into, again, a view of light and of the city
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฑุดู‚ุงุช ู†ุงุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุŒ ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆ ู…ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ
12:50
and of the Jerusalem hills.
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณ.
12:55
I'd like to conclude with a project I've been working on for two months.
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ูƒู†ุช ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุชุชู… ู…ุน ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุฃุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ ู…ู†ุฐ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู†.
13:00
It's the headquarters for the Institute of Peace in Washington,
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุฑ ู„ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ููŠ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู†ุŒ
13:06
the U.S. Institute of Peace.
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ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุณู„ุงู….
13:08
The site chosen is across from the Lincoln Memorial;
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ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุตุจ ู„ู†ูƒูˆู„ู† ุงู„ุชุฐูƒุงุฑูŠ --
13:13
you see it there directly on the Mall. It's the last building on the Mall,
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ูƒู†ุช ุฃู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุŒ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงุฎุฑ ุจู†ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูˆู„ุŒ
13:17
on access of the Roosevelt Bridge that comes in from Virginia.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุณุฑ ุฑูˆุฒูู„ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ูุฑุฌูŠู†ูŠุง.
13:22
That too was a competition, and it is something I'm just beginning to work on.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ุจู‡ุง.
13:30
But one recognized the kind of uniqueness of the site.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู† ุชุนุฑู ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุฑุฏ ู„ู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน.
13:34
If it were to be anywhere in Washington,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู†ุŒ
13:36
it would be an office building, a conference center,
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ูˆุณุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู„ู„ู…ูƒุงุชุจุŒ ูˆู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู…ุคุชู…ุฑุงุช ุŒ
13:39
a place for negotiating peace and so on -- all of which the building is --
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ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชูุงูˆุถ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ูˆู‡ู„ู… ุฌุฑุงุŒ ูˆูƒู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰.
13:43
but by virtue of the choice of putting it on the Mall and by the Lincoln Memorial,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุญูƒู… ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ูˆุถุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ ุŒ ูˆู†ุตุจ ู„ู†ูƒูˆู„ู† ุงู„ุชุฐูƒุงุฑูŠุŒ
13:47
this becomes the structure that is the symbol of peace on the Mall.
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ูˆูŠุตุจุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑู…ุฒ ู„ู„ุณู„ุงู… ููŠ ู…ูˆู„.
13:52
And that was a lot of heat to deal with.
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ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง.
13:57
The first sketch recognizes that the building is many spaces --
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ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุจูŠู† ุจุฃู† ู„ู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ --
14:01
spaces where research goes on, conference centers,
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ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุญูŠุซ ุชุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุจุญูˆุซุŒ ูˆู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุงู„ู…ุคุชู…ุฑุงุช ุŒ
14:06
a public building because it will be a museum devoted to peacemaking --
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ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุนุงู…ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ู…ุฎุตุต ู„ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุณู„ุงู….
14:10
and these are the drawings that we submitted for the competition,
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉุŒ
14:14
the plans showing the spaces which radiate outwards from the entry.
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ุนุฑุถ ุฎุทุท ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดุน ู„ู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„.
14:19
You see the structure as, in the sequence of structures on the Mall,
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ุชุฑู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ููŠ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ :
14:23
very transparent and inviting and looking in.
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ุดูุงูุฉ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ูˆุชุฏุนูˆ ู„ู„ุจุญุซ ููŠู‡ุง.
14:27
And then as you enter it again, looking in all directions towards the city.
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ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุชุจุญุซ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ.
14:32
And what I felt about that building is that it really was a building
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ูˆุญูˆู„ ู…ุง ุดุนุฑุช ุจุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุญู‚ุง ู…ุจู†ู‰
14:36
that had to do with a lightness of being -- to quote Kundera --
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ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุฎูุฉ ู…ุน ู…ุง ูŠุฌุฑูŠุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ูƒูˆู†ุฏูŠุฑุง --
14:43
that it had to do with whiteness,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุน ุจูŠุงุถุŒ
14:45
it had to do with a certain dynamic quality and it had to do with optimism.
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ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุฏูŠู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุŒ ูŠุดูŠุน ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุงุคู„.
14:51
And this is where it is; it's sort of evolving.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุŒ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ.
14:56
Studies for the structure of the roof,
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ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุณู‚ู :
14:59
which demands maybe new materials:
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุทู„ุจ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฑุจู…ุงุŒ
15:03
how to make it white, how to make it translucent, how to make it glowing,
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ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฌุนู„ู‡ ุฃุจูŠุถุŒ ูˆูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฌุนู„ู‡ ุดูุงูุŒ ูˆูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฌุนู„ู‡ ู…ุชูˆู‡ุฌุŒ
15:07
how to make it not capricious.
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ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฌุนู„ู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชู‚ู„ุจ.
15:12
And here studying, in three dimensions,
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ูˆุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุจุนุงุฏุŒ
15:15
how to give some kind, again, of order, a structure;
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ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฅุนุทุงุก ู†ูˆุน ู…ุง ุŒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุฑุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ุŒ
15:21
not something you feel you could just change
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ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ูŠุดุนุฑูƒ ุจุฃู†ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡
15:23
because you stop the design of that particular process.
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ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ุชูˆู‚ู ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช.
15:31
And so it goes.
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ูˆ ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ.
15:37
I'd like to conclude by saying something ...
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ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุชุชู… ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุดูŠุก --
15:39
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
15:47
I'd like to conclude by relating all of what I've said to the term "beauty."
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ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุชุชู… ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ "ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„".
15:53
And I know it is not a fashionable term these days,
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุฃู„ูˆู ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุŒ
15:56
and certainly not fashionable in the discourse of architectural schools,
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฃู„ูˆู ููŠ ุฎุทุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠุฉ.
16:00
but it seems to me that all this, in one way or the other, is a search for beauty.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„.
16:06
Beauty in the most profound sense of fit.
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ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ุจุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู…ู‚ุง ู…ู† ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ.
16:09
I have a quote that I like by a morphologist, 1917,
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ุฃุญุจ ุงู† ุงู‚ุชุจุณ ู…ูˆุฑููˆู„ูˆุฌุณุช ู‚ุจู„ 1917ุŒ
16:18
Theodore Cook, who said, "Beauty connotes humanity.
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ุซูŠูˆุฏูˆุฑ ูƒูˆูƒุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุงู„ : "ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ูŠุชุถู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ.
16:22
We call a natural object beautiful because we see
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰
16:26
that its form expresses fitness, the perfect fulfillment of function."
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ุงู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูˆูุงุก ู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ. "
16:31
Well, I would have said the perfect fulfillment of purpose.
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ุญุณู†ุง ุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‚ู„ุช ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุฑุถ.
16:35
Nevertheless, beauty as the kind of fit; something that tells us
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุŒ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู†ุง ุดูŠุฆุง
16:40
that all the forces that have to do with our natural environment
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ุฅู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุน ุจูŠุฆุชู†ุง ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ
16:44
have been fulfilled -- and our human environment -- for that.
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ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุงู„ุงูŠูุงุก ุจู‡ุง -- ูˆุจูŠุฆุชู†ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ -- ู„ุฐู„ูƒ.
16:48
Twenty years ago, in a conference Richard and I were at together,
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ู‚ุจู„ 20 ุนุงู…ุงุŒ ููŠ ู…ุคุชู…ุฑ ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ูˆุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุฌุงู†ุจุŒ
16:53
I wrote a poem, which seems to me to still hold for me today.
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ูƒุชุจุช ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
16:58
"He who seeks truth shall find beauty. He who seeks beauty shall find vanity.
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ูˆุงุถุงู "ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู† ูŠุณุนู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุณูˆู ูŠุฌุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุนู‰ ู„ู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ูŠุฌุฏ ุงู„ุบุฑูˆุฑ.
17:05
He who seeks order shall find gratification.
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุนู‰ ู„ู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู…ุŒ ุณูŠุฌุฏ ุงู„ุงุดุจุงุน.
17:09
He who seeks gratification shall be disappointed.
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุนู‰ ู„ู„ุฅุดุจุงุนุŒ ุณูŠุฌุฏ ุฎูŠุจุฉ ุฃู…ู„.
17:13
He who considers himself the servant of his fellow beings
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ ุฎุงุฏู…ุง ู„ู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุฒู…ู„ุงุฆู‡
17:16
shall find the joy of self-expression. He who seeks self-expression
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ุณูŠุฌุฏ ุงู„ูุฑุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุฐุงุช. ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุนู‰ ู„ู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุฐุงุชุŒ
17:22
shall fall into the pit of arrogance.
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ูŠุณู‚ุท ููŠ ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุทุฑุณุฉ.
17:24
Arrogance is incompatible with nature.
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ุงู„ุบุทุฑุณุฉ ู„ุง ุชุชูู‚ ู…ุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ.
17:27
Through nature, the nature of the universe and the nature of man,
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ูˆุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู†ุŒ
17:30
we shall seek truth. If we seek truth, we shall find beauty."
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ูˆุณู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุณู†ุฌุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ".
17:34
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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ุดูƒุฑุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุง ุฌุฏุง.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7