Moshe Safdie: What makes a building unique?

50,310 views ・ 2008-02-19

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Gabriel Song κ²€ν† : InHyuk Song
00:13
So, what I'd like to talk about is something
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μ œκ°€ 였늘 λ§ν•˜κ³  싢은 μ£Όμ œλŠ”
00:17
that was very dear to Kahn's heart, which is:
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μΉ΄λ Œμ—κ²ŒλŠ” ꡉμž₯히 μ†Œμ€‘ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
how do we discover what is really particular about a project?
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ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 무엇이 νŠΉλ³„ν•œμ§€ μ•Œμˆ˜ μžˆλŠ”κ°€?
00:22
How do you discover the uniqueness of a project as unique as a person?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ˜ κ³ μœ μ„±μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€, 개인의 νŠΉμœ ν•¨ 같은,
00:28
Because it seems to me that finding this uniqueness
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ €μ—κ²ŒλŠ” νŠΉμœ ν•¨μ„ μ°ΎλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것은
00:31
has to do with dealing with the whole force of globalization;
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μ„Έκ³„ν™”μ˜ 힘과 λ§žμ„œλŠ” 것과 κ΄€λ ¨μžˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€:
00:41
that the particular is central to finding the uniqueness of place
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κ·Έ νŠΉμœ ν•¨μ€ ν•œ μž₯μ†Œμ˜ κ³ μœ μ„±μ„ μ°ΎλŠ”λ°, 그리고
00:47
and the uniqueness of a program in a building.
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건좕물 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ˜ κ³ μœ μ„±μ„ μ°ΎλŠ”λ° 쀑심적인 역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
And so I'll take you to Wichita, Kansas,
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μž μ‹œ Wichita, Kansas을 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€,
00:54
where I was asked some years ago to do a science museum
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λͺ‡λ…„전에 κ³Όν•™ λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€ 섀계λ₯Ό μ˜λ’°λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
on a site, right downtown by the river.
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λ‹€μš΄νƒ€μš΄κ³Ό 강변에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ μž₯μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
And I thought the secret of the site was to make the building of the river, part of the river.
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μ €λŠ” κ°•λ³€ 건물을 κ°•μ˜ 일뢀가 λ˜λ„λ‘ μ„€κ³„ν•˜λŠ” 것이 이 μž₯μ†Œμ˜ 비결이닀 라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
Unfortunately, though, the site was separated from the river by McLean Boulevard
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆˆν–‰νžˆλ„, McLean's Boulevardκ°€ ν˜„μž₯을 κ°•κ°€μ—μ„œ λΆ„λ¦¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
so I suggested, "Let's reroute McLean,"
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬, μ˜κ²¬μ„ λƒˆμ£ , McLean's 길을 돌리자고.
01:16
and that gave birth instantly to Friends of McLean Boulevard.
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그러자 "McLean's Blvd의 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€" 단체가 생겨 λ²„λ¦¬λ”κ΅°μš”.
01:20
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:25
And it took six months to reroute it.
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그리고 κ·Έ 길을 λŒλ¦¬λŠ”λ° 6κ°œμ›”μ΄ κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
The first image I showed the building committee was
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건물 μœ„μ›νšŒμ— 처음으둜 μ œμΆœν•œ 사진은
01:34
this astronomic observatory of Jantar Mantar in Jaipur
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이 Jaipur에 μžˆλŠ” Jantar Mantar μ²œλ¬Έν•™ κ΄€μΈ‘μ†Œ μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
01:39
because I talked about what makes a building a building of science.
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μ €λŠ” 무엇이 건좕물을 κ³Όν•™ 건좕물이 되게 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό 묻고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
And it seemed to me that this structure -- complex, rich and yet
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μ €μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 이 건좕물이 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  ν’λΆ€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„
01:51
totally rational: it's an instrument -- had something to do with science,
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μ „μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•©λ¦¬μ μ΄λ©΄μ„œ, κ³Όν•™κ³Ό 연관성이 μžˆλŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κΈ°κ΅¬μ˜€κ³ ,
01:54
and somehow a building for science should be different and unique and speak of that.
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그리고 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œλ“  κ³Όν•™ 건좕물은 색닀λ₯΄κ³  κ³ μœ μ„±μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ ν‘œμΆœν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
And so my first sketch after I left was to say,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έ 자리λ₯Ό λ– λ‚œ ν›„, λ°œν‘œν•˜κ²Œ 된 첫 μŠ€μΌ€μΉ˜λŠ”,
02:01
"Let's cut the channel and make an island and make an island building."
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수둜λ₯Ό μž˜λΌλ‚΄μ–΄ 섬을 λ§Œλ“€κ³ , 섬 μœ„μ— κ±΄μΆ•ν•˜μžλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:07
And I got all excited and came back, and
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” λͺΉμ‹œ λ“€λ–  λŒμ•„ μ™”λŠ”λ°
02:10
they sort of looked at me in dismay and said, "An island?
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그듀은 λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ‹€λ§μŠ€λŸ° 눈으둜 보며, "섬을 λ§μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?" ν•˜κ³  λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
This used to be an island -- Ackerman Island --
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이 μž₯μ†ŒλŠ” μ˜ˆμ „μ— Ackerman μ΄λΌλŠ” μ„¬μ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:15
and we filled in the channel during the Depression to create jobs."
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μ•Œκ³ λ³΄λ‹ˆ λΆˆκ²½κΈ°λ•Œ 일자리 μ°½μΆœμ„ μœ„ν•΄ 수둜λ₯Ό λ§€κΎΈλŠ” μž‘μ—…μ„ ν–ˆλ”λΌκ΅¬μš”
02:18
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:21
And so the process began and they said,
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일이 μ§„ν–‰λ˜λ©΄μ„œ 그듀이 λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό,
02:24
"You can't put it all on an island;
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λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒμ„ 섬에 λ§Œλ“€μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
02:26
some of it has to be on the mainland because
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μΌλΆ€λŠ” 본토에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄
02:28
we don't want to turn our back to the community."
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 지역 μ‚¬νšŒμ— λ“±λŒλ¦¬κ³  싢지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
And there emerged a design: the galleries sort of forming an island
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μƒκ²¨λ‚œ λ””μžμΈμ€, κ°€λŸ¬λ¦¬μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μΆ•λœ μ„¬μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
02:35
and you could walk through them or on the roof.
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κ·Έ 사이λ₯Ό λ˜λŠ” 지뢕을 μ‚°μ±…ν• μˆ˜ 있게 λ˜μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
02:38
And there were all kinds of exciting features:
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또 μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ ν₯λ―Έμ§„μ§„ν•œ νŠΉμ§•λ“€λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
you could come in through the landside buildings,
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λ³Έν† μͺ½ 건물을 톡해 λ“€μ–΄μ™€μ„œ
02:44
walk through the galleries into playgrounds in the landscape.
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가러리λ₯Ό μ§€λ‚˜ λ†€μ΄ν„°λ‘œ κ°ˆμˆ˜λ„ 있고 - ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 풍경이 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
02:47
If you were cheap you could walk on top of a bridge to the roof,
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λˆμ„ 적게 μ“°λ €λ©΄ 닀리λ₯Ό 톡해 μ§€λΆ•μœΌλ‘œ κ±΄λ„ˆκ°”λ‹€κ°€,
02:50
peek in the exhibits and then get totally seduced,
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μ „μ‹œλ₯Ό μœ„μ—μ„œ μ—Ώλ³Έ ν›„ μ™„μ „νžˆ μœ ν˜Ήλ˜μ–΄,
02:54
come back and pay the five dollars admission.
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λ’€λŒμ•„ μ™€μ„œ $5 μž…μž₯료λ₯Ό λ‚Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ μš”.
02:56
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:58
And the client was happy -- well, sort of happy
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 고객듀은 λ§Œμ‘±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ•„λ‹ˆ,μ–΄λŠ 정도 λ§Œμ‘±ν–ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€,
03:00
because we were four million dollars over the budget, but essentially happy.
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μ˜ˆμ‚°μ—μ„œ 4백만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ§Œ 초과 ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ§Œμ‘±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
But I was still troubled, and I was troubled because I felt this was capricious.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” 아직도 걱정이 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄, 이건 λ³€λ•μŠ€λŸ½λ‹€λŠ” λŠλ‚Œμ΄μ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”
03:10
It was complex, but there was something capricious about its complexity.
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이번 일은 λ³΅μž‘ν–ˆκ³ , κ·Έ λ³΅μž‘ν•¨μ—λŠ” 무언가가 λ³€λ•μŠ€λŸ¬μ›€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
It was, what I would say, compositional complexity,
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그건, λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œμ˜ λ³΅μž‘ν•¨μ΄λ©°
03:18
and I felt that if I had to fulfill what I talked about --
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μ œκ°€ ν•œ 말을 μ§€μΌœμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
03:23
a building for science -- there had to be some kind of a generating idea,
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과학을 μœ„ν•œ 건좕물은, μƒμ„±ν•˜λŠ” ν˜•νƒœ 같은,
03:26
some kind of a generating geometry.
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무언가λ₯Ό μƒμ„±ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 관념이 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
And this gave birth to the idea of having toroidal generating geometry,
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ ν™˜μƒλ©΄μ„ μƒμ„±ν•˜λŠ” ν˜•νƒœμ˜ λ°œμƒμ΄ λ‚˜μ˜€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
03:34
one with its center deep in the earth for the landside building
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μœ‘μ§€λ°©ν–₯의 κ±΄μΆ•λ¬Όμ˜ 쀑심은 땅속 κΉŠμ€ 곳을 ν–₯ν•˜κ³ ,
03:38
and a toroid with its center in the sky for the island building.
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μ„¬μ—μžˆλŠ” κ±΄μΆ•λ¬Όμ˜ κ·Έ 쀑심을 높은 ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ ν–₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
A toroid, for those who don't know,
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ν™˜μƒλ©΄μ΄λž€,
03:46
is the surface of a doughnut or, for some of us, a bagel.
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λ„λ„›μΈ λ‚˜ λ² μ΄κΈ€μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ„ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
And out of this idea started spinning off many,
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그리고 이 λ°œμƒμ—μ„œ λ”μš±λ” λ§Žμ€ κ³„νšκ³Ό
03:54
many kinds of variations of different plans and possibilities,
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λ³€ν˜•μ΄λ‚˜ κ°€λŠ₯성듀이 μ œμ‹œλ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
03:59
and then the plan itself evolved in relationship to the exhibits,
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건좕 κ³„νšμ€ μ „μ‹œμ— 따라 μ§„ν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
and you see the intersection of the plan with the toroidal geometry.
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λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ 건물과 ν™˜μƒλ©΄μ΄ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§Œλ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
And finally the building -- this is the model.
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이게 λ°”λ‘œ 건좕물 λͺ¨λΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
And when there were complaints about budget, I said,
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그리고 λΉ„μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 뢈만이 μžˆμ—ˆμ„λ•,
04:14
"Well, it's worth doing the island because you get twice for your money: reflections."
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섬을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ”κ±΄ λΉ„μš©λŒ€λΉ„ 두배λ₯Ό μ–»λŠ”κ²ƒμ΄λ‹ˆ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
04:20
And here's the building as it opened,
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이게 κ°œμ—…μ‹ λ‚ μ˜ λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
with a channel overlooking downtown, and as seen from downtown.
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λ‹€μš΄νƒ€μš΄μ„ ν–₯ν•œ μˆ˜λ‘œμ™€, λ‹€μš΄νƒ€μš΄μ—μ„œ λ°”λΌλ³Όλ•Œμ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
And the bike route's going right through the building,
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μžμ „κ±° 노선은 건물을 κ°€λ‘œμ§€λ₯΄κ³  있고,
04:31
so those traveling the river would see the exhibits and be drawn to the building.
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강을 μ—¬ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ „μ‹œλ₯Ό 보고 건물에 맀혹될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
The toroidal geometry made for a very efficient building:
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ν™˜μƒλ©΄ ν˜•νƒœλŠ” 맀우 효율적인 건좕을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
every beam in this building is the same radius, all laminated wood.
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이 건물의 λͺ¨λ“  λ³΄λŠ” λ™μΌν•œ 길이의 적측 λ‚˜λ¬΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
Every wall, every concrete wall is resisting the stresses and supporting the building.
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λͺ¨λ“  λ²½, λͺ¨λ“  콘크리트 벽듀은 μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€μ— μ €ν•­ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 건물을 μ§€νƒ±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
Every piece of the building works.
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건물의 λͺ¨λ“  쑰각듀은 제 역할을 ν•˜μ£ .
04:57
These are the galleries with the light coming in through the skylights,
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이건 슀카이라이트λ₯Ό 톡해 λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λŠ” 빛을 λ°›κ³  μžˆλŠ” 가러리 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
05:02
and at night, and on opening day.
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λ°€, 그리고 κ°œμ—…μ‹ λ‚ .
05:08
Going back to 1976.
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1976λ…„μœΌλ‘œ λ˜λŒμ•„ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€--
05:11
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
05:16
In 1976, I was asked to design a children's memorial museum
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--1976λ…„μ—λŠ” Yad Vashem, μ˜ˆλ£¨μ‚΄λ ˜μ˜ ν•œ ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€ μ•ˆμ— 지을
05:21
in a Holocaust museum in Yad Vashem in Jerusalem,
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어린이 λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€ 섀계λ₯Ό μ˜λ’°λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
which you see here the campus.
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-- 캠퍼슀λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
05:28
I was asked to do a building,
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μ €μ—κ²Œ 건물을 λ§Œλ“€λΌκ³  ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
05:30
and I was given all the artifacts of clothing and drawings.
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ν•„μš”ν•œ 도ꡬ와 그림듀을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
And I felt very troubled.
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그런데 많이 νž˜λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
I worked on it for months and I couldn't deal with it
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λͺ‡κ°œμ›”λ™μ•ˆ 일을 ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ£ ,
05:40
because I felt people were coming out of the historic museum,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 역사박물관을 λ‚˜μ˜€λ©΄
05:43
they are totally saturated with information
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정보 포화 μƒνƒœμΈλ°,
05:46
and to see yet another museum with information,
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€μ˜ 지식을
05:49
it would make them just unable to digest.
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μ†Œν™”μ‹œν‚¬μˆ˜ μ—†μ„κ²ƒλ§Œ κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
And so I made a counter-proposal:
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 더 μ΄μƒμ˜ 건물은 μ•ˆλœλ‹€κ³ 
05:55
I said, "No building." There was a cave on the site; we tunnel into the hill,
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λ°˜λŒ€ μ œμ•ˆμ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž₯에 동꡴이 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 언덕 μ•ˆμͺ½ λ°©ν–₯으둜 터널을 μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄,
06:02
descend through the rock into an underground chamber.
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λ°”μœ„μ‚¬μ΄λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ €κ°€ μ§€ν•˜μ‹€μ— λ„μ°©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
There's an anteroom with photographs of children who perished
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κ±°κΈ°μ—” ν¬μƒλœ μ–΄λ¦°μ΄λ“€μ˜ 사진이 μžˆλŠ” λŒ€κΈ°μ‹€μ΄ 있고,
06:12
and then you come into a large space.
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넓은 κ³΅κ°„μ˜ ν•œ μž₯μ†Œμ— λ„μ°©ν•˜μ£ .
06:16
There is a single candle flickering in the center;
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κ·Έ 방의 쀑심에 단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ΄›λΆˆμ΄ κΉœλ°•κ±°λ¦¬λŠ”λ°
06:20
by an arrangement of reflective glasses, it reflects into infinity in all directions.
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λ°˜μ‚¬ 유리의 λ°°μ—΄ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 빛은 λͺ¨λ“  λ°©ν–₯κ³Ό λ¬΄ν•œλŒ€λ‘œ λ°˜μ‚¬λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
You walk through the space, a voice reads the names,
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당신은 κ·Έ μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό κ±Έμ„μˆ˜ 있고, μ–΄λ–€ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜
06:32
ages and place of birth of the children.
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이름, λ‚˜μ΄, 그리고 μΆœμƒμ§€λ₯Ό μ½μ–΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
This voice does not repeat for six months.
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이 λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λŠ” 6κ°œμ›”λ™μ•ˆμ€ λ°˜λ³΅μž¬μƒμ΄ λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:37
And then you descend to light and to the north and to life.
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ 당신은 λΉ›κ³Ό, 뢁μͺ½, 그리고 생λͺ…이 μžˆλŠ”κ³³μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ˜€κ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
Well, they said, "People won't understand,
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그듀은, "μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이해λ₯Ό λͺ»ν• κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€ --
06:44
they'll think it's a discotheque. You can't do that."
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λ‚˜μ΄νŠΈν΄λŸ½μ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν• κΊΌμ—μš”, μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." 라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
And they shelved the project. And it sat there for 10 years,
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그듀은 κ³„νšμ„ 보λ₯˜ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 10년이 μ§€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
and then one day Abe Spiegel from Los Angeles,
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그러던 μ–΄λŠλ‚ , λ‘œμŠ€μ•€μ €λ ˆμŠ€μ˜ Ed Spiegel이,
06:54
who had lost his three-year-old son at Auschwitz,
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Auschwitzμ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ΄ 2μ‚΄μ˜ 아듀을 μžƒμ—ˆλ˜ κ·ΈλŠ”,
06:57
came, saw the model, wrote the check and it got built 10 years later.
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이곳에 μ™€μ„œ λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ³Έ ν›„, μˆ˜ν‘œλ₯Ό μ¨μ£Όμ—ˆκ³ , κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 10λ…„ 후에 어린이 박물관을 μ™„μ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
So, many years after that in 1998,
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λͺ‡λ…„ ν›„, 1998λ…„,
07:07
I was on one of my monthly trips to Jerusalem
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μ €λŠ” ν•œλ‹¬μ— ν•œλ²ˆ ν•˜λŠ” μ˜ˆλ£¨μ‚΄λ ˜ μ—¬ν–‰μ€‘μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
07:11
and I got a call from the foreign ministry saying,
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μ™Έλ¬΄λΆ€μ—μ„œ μ „ν™”λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀이 λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό,
07:14
"We've got the Chief Minister of the Punjab here.
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"Punjab의 외무뢀 μž₯관이 μ£Ό λ°©λ¬Έν•˜λŸ¬ μ˜€μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
He is on a state visit. We took him on a visit to Yad Vashem,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ Yad Vashem을 λ°©λ¬Έν•˜λ„λ‘
07:26
we took him to the children's memorial; he was extremely moved.
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어린이 기념비에 λͺ¨μ…¨μ—ˆλŠ”데, κ·ΈλŠ” 맀우 κ°λ™ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
He's demanding to meet the architect. Could you come down and meet him in Tel Aviv?"
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κ·ΈλŠ” 건좕가λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. Tel Aviv으둜 μ˜€μ…”μ„œ λ§Œλ‚˜μ£Όμ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?"
07:32
And I went down and Chief Minister Badal said to me,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ°”λŠ”λ°, 외무뢀μž₯κ΄€ Badal은 μ €μ—κ²Œ,
07:37
"We Sikhs have suffered a great deal, as you have Jews.
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"우리 SikhsλŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹ λ“€ μœ λŒ€μΈλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ λ§Žμ€ 고톡을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
I was very moved by what I saw today.
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ‚  본것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 맀우 κ°λ™λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
We are going to build our national museum to tell the story of our people;
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ 우리 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό 담은 ꡭ립박물관을 μ§€μ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€;
07:49
we're about to embark on that.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ
07:51
I'd like you to come and design it."
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당신이 μ˜€μ…”μ„œ 섀계해 μ£Όμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€."
07:53
And so, you know, it's one of those things that you don't take too seriously.
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 이건 μ§„μ§€ν•˜κ²Œ 받아듀이지 μ•ŠλŠ” κ·ΈλŸ°κ²ƒ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆκΉŒ.
07:59
But two weeks later, I was in this little town, Anandpur Sahib,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 2μ£Ό 후에 μ €λŠ” Anandpur Sahib μ΄λΌλŠ”,
08:04
outside Chandigarh, the capital of the Punjab,
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Punjab의 μˆ˜λ„ Chandigarh λ°”κΉ₯에 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
and the temple and also next to it the fortress
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그리고 μ‹ μ „κ³Ό, Sikhs의 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ§€λ„μž
08:13
that the last guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind, died in
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Guru Gobindκ°€ Khalsa μ„±μ„œλ₯Ό μ“°λ‹€κ°€ μ£½μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ”
08:18
as he wrote the Khalsa, which is their holy scripture.
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μš”μƒˆλ„ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:23
And I got to work and they took me somewhere down there,
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그리고 κ±°κΈ°μ„œ μΌν•˜κ²Œ 됬죠. 그듀은 κ·Έμͺ½μ—μ„œ
08:28
nine kilometers away from the town and the temple,
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9 Km κ°€ 떨어진 곳에 λŒ€λ €μ˜€λ”λ‹ˆ,
08:30
and said, "That's where we have chosen the location."
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μ—¬κΈ°κ°€ μ •ν•œ μž₯μ†ŒλΌκ³  λ§ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
And I said, "This just doesn't make any sense.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ”, "λ„μ €νžˆ μ΄ν•΄ν• μˆ˜ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
The pilgrims come here by the hundreds of thousands --
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μˆœλ‘€μžλ“€μ€ 이곳에 λ°±λͺ…, 천λͺ…μ”© μ˜€λŠ”λ° --
08:40
they're not going to get in trucks and buses and go down there.
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λ²„μŠ€λ‚˜ νŠΈλŸ­μ„ 타고 μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ λ‚΄λ €μ˜€μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
Let's get back to the town and walk to the site."
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ˆμ„λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€ ν˜„μž₯으둜 κ±Έμ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€" 라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
And I recommended they do it right there, on that hill
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μ €λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ 이곳의 이 언덕과 μ € 언덕에 ν•˜μžκ³  μΆ”μ²œν–ˆκ³ ,
08:49
and this hill, and bridge all the way into the town.
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λ§ˆμ„κΉŒμ§€ 닀리λ₯Ό μ§“μžκ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
And, as things are a little easier in India, the site was purchased within a week
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그리고, μΈλ„μ—λŠ” 무엇이든 쉽듯이 ν˜„μž₯은 1μ£ΌμΌλ§Œμ— ꡬ맀됐고,
08:59
and we were working.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 일을 μ°©μˆ˜ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:02
And my proposal was to split the museum into two --
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제 μ œμ•ˆμ€ 박물관을 λ‘˜λ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μžλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€:
09:06
the permanent exhibits at one end, the auditorium, library,
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μƒμ„€μ „μ‹œλŠ” ν•œμͺ½μ— λ§Œλ“€κ³ , κ°•λ‹Ή, λ„μ„œκ΄€,
09:11
and changing exhibitions on the other --
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그리고 κΈ°νšμ „μ‹œλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έμͺ½μ—.
09:13
to flood the valley into a series of water gardens
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κ³¨μ§œκΈ°λŠ” μˆ˜μƒ μ •μ›μœΌλ‘œ μ±„μ›Œλ„£κ³ ,
09:17
and to link it all to the fort and to the downtown.
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λͺ¨λ“ κ±Έ μš”μƒˆμ™€ λ„μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ—°κ²°μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:21
And the structures rise from the sand cliffs --
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λͺ¨λž˜μ ˆλ²½μ—μ„œ μ˜¬λΌμ˜€λŠ” 건좕물을
09:25
they're built in concrete and sandstones; the roofs are stainless steel --
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μ½˜ν¬λ¦¬νŠΈμ™€ μ‚¬μ•”μœΌλ‘œ 짓고, 지뢕은 μŠ€ν…ŒμΈλ¦¬μŠ€κ°•μœΌλ‘œ μ§“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:30
they are facing south and reflecting light towards the temple itself,
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건물듀은 남μͺ½μ„ λ°”λΌλ³΄λ©΄μ„œ 빛을 μ‹ μ „ λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ°˜μ‚¬ν•˜κ³ ,
09:35
pedestrians crisscross from one side to the other.
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λ³΄ν–‰μžλ“€μ€ ν•œμͺ½μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ κ±΄λ„™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
And as you come from the north, it is all masonry growing out of the sand cliffs
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뢁μͺ½μ—μ„œ, νžˆλ§λΌμ•Όμ—μ„œ 였면 λͺ¨λ“ κ²Œ λͺ¨λž˜μ ˆλ²½μ—μ„œ μžλΌλŠ” 건물듀이고,
09:44
as you come from the Himalayas and evoking the tradition of the fortress.
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μš”μƒˆμ˜ 전톡을 μ—°μƒμ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:50
And then I went away for four months
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그리고 μ €λŠ” 4κ°œμ›”λ™μ•ˆ λ– λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:52
and there was going to be groundbreaking.
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κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ Groundbreaking 이 μžˆμ„ μ˜ˆμ •μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
And I came back and, lo and behold, the little model I'd left behind
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그리고 λŒμ•„μ™”μ„λ•, λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ 놓고 κ°”μ—ˆλ˜ μž‘μ€ λͺ¨λΈμ€
09:57
had been built ten times bigger for public display on site
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10λ°° 크게 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ Έ λŒ€μ€‘μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ „μ‹œκ°€ ν˜„μž₯에 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
10:01
and ... the bridge was built!
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λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” 지어져 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:11
Within the working drawings!
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μž‘μ—… 도면 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 말이죠!
10:14
And half a million people gathered for the celebrations;
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μ‚¬λžŒ 50만λͺ…이 μΆ•μ œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λͺ¨μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:20
you can see them on the site itself as the foundations are beginning.
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ν† λŒ€κ°€ 닀져지기 μ‚¬μž‘ν•˜λŠ” ν˜„μž₯에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ³΄μ„Έμš”
10:24
I was renamed Safdie Singh. And there it is under construction;
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μ €λŠ” Safdie SinghλΌλŠ” 이름을 λΆ€μ—¬λ°›μ•˜κ³ , μ—¬κΈ° 건섀쀑인 ν˜„μž₯을 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ --
10:29
there are 1,800 workers at work and it will be finished in two years.
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1,800λͺ…μ˜ λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ˜ μΌν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ 있고, 2λ…„ μ•ˆμ— μ™„κ³΅λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:34
Back to Yad Vashem three years ago. After all this episode began,
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λ‹€μ‹œ 3λ…„μ „μ˜ Yad Vashem으둜 κ°€λ©΄, 이 μ—ν”Όμ†Œλ“œκ°€ μ‹œμž‘ν•œ λ‹€μŒμΈλ°,
10:39
Yad Vashem decided to rebuild completely the historic museum
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Yad Vashem은 역사박물관을 λ‹€μ‹œ μ§“κΈ°λ‘œ 결정을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:43
because now Washington was built -- the Holocaust Museum in Washington --
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ˜ ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ 박물관이 μ§€μ–΄μ‘Œκ³ ,
10:46
and that museum is so much more comprehensive in terms of information.
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κ·Έ 박물관이 정보에 κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 훨신 더 ν¬κ΄„μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
And Yad Vashem needs to deal with three million visitors a year at this point.
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그리고 Yad Vashem은 이 μ‹œμ μ— 350만λͺ…μ˜ 방문객을 μ²˜λ¦¬ν•΄μ•Ό λ¬μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
They said, "Let's rebuild the museum."
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그듀은 박물관을 μž¬κ±΄μΆ• ν•˜μžκ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
But of course, the Sikhs might give you a job on a platter -- the Jews make it hard:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, SikhsλŠ” 일을 μ†μ‰½κ²Œ λ„˜κ²¨μ£ΌλŠ” 반면 -- μœ λŒ€μΈμ€ μ–΄λ ΅κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:01
international competition, phase one, phase two, phase three.
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κ΅­μ œλŒ€νšŒ, 1μ°¨, 2μ°¨, 3μ°¨.
11:06
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:08
And again, I felt kind of uncomfortable with the notion
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그리고 λ˜λ‹€μ‹œ, μ œκ°€ λΆˆνŽΈν•˜κ²Œ λŠλ‚€ 것은,
11:12
that a building the size of the Washington building --
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μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€ 크기의, 5만 μ œκ³±ν”ΌνŠΈμ˜ 건물이,
11:17
50,000 square feet -- will sit on that fragile hill
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κ·Έ μ—°μ•½ν•œ 언덕에 앉고,
11:21
and that we will go into galleries -- rooms with doors
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°€λŸ¬λ¦¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΅μˆ™ν•œ 방에 λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ„œ
11:25
and sort of familiar rooms -- to tell the story of the Holocaust.
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ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈμ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:29
And I proposed that we cut through the mountain. That was my first sketch.
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μ €λŠ” 첫 μŠ€μΌ€μΉ˜μ—μ„œ 산을 ν†΅κ³Όν•˜μžκ³  μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
11:34
Just cut the whole museum through the mountain --
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λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€ μ „μ²΄λ‘œ 산을 κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬ ν†΅κ³Όν•΄μ„œ,
11:36
enter from one side of the mountain,
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μ‚°μ˜ ν•œμͺ½λ©΄μœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€,
11:38
come out on the other side of the mountain --
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œμͺ½ 면으둜 λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:40
and then bring light through the mountain into the chambers.
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그리고 산을 톡해 빛을 λ°© μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ κ°€μ Έμ˜€μžλŠ” μ œμ•ˆμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:44
And here you see the model:
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ¨λΈμ€ 보면,
11:47
a reception building and some underground parking.
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λ¦¬μ…‰μ…˜ λΉŒλ”©κ³Ό μ§€ν•˜μ£Όμ°¨μž₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
You cross a bridge, you enter this triangular room, 60 feet high,
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닀리λ₯Ό κ±΄λ„ˆμ„œ, 산을 κ°€λ₯΄κ³ 
11:56
which cuts right into the hill
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κ±Έμ„λ•Œ 뢁μͺ½μ„ ν–₯ν•΄ μΌμ§μ„ μœΌλ‘œ ν™•μž₯λ˜λŠ”
11:58
and extends right through as you go towards the north.
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60ν”ΌνŠΈ λ†’μ΄μ˜ μ‚Όκ°ν˜•μ˜ 방에 λ“€μ–΄μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:03
And all of it, then, all the galleries are underground,
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λͺ¨λ“ κ²Œ, λͺ¨λ“  κ°€λŸ¬λ¦¬λ“€μ€ λ•… μ•„λž˜μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:06
and you see the openings for the light.
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그리고 λΉ›μ„μœ„ν•œ μ˜€ν”„λ‹μ΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
And at night, just one line of light cuts through the mountain,
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그리고 λ°€μ—λŠ”, λ”± ν•œμ€„μ˜ λΆˆλΉ›λ“€μ΄ 산을 κ°€λ₯΄λŠ”데,
12:12
which is a skylight on top of that triangle.
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그건 μ‚Όκ°ν˜• 천μž₯의 채광창 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:16
And all the galleries,
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λͺ¨λ“  κ°€λŸ¬λ¦¬λ“€μ€ --
12:20
as you move through them and so on, are below grade.
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μ§€λ‚˜κ°ˆμˆ˜λ‘, 지면 μ•„λž˜μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
And there are chambers carved in the rock --
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λͺ¨λ“  방듀은 콘크리트 λ²½μ΄λ‚˜
12:28
concrete walls, stone, the natural rock when possible -- with the light shafts.
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κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©΄ μžμ—°μ‚° λ°”μœ„λ₯Ό κΉμ•„μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 채광도 ν¬ν•¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:32
This is actually a Spanish quarry, which sort of inspired
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이건 슀페인 채석μž₯인데, μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ κ°€λŸ¬λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€
12:38
the kind of spaces that these galleries could be.
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곡간이어야 할지 μ˜κ°μ„ λ°›κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:41
And then, coming towards the north, it opens up:
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그리고 뢁μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ ν–₯ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 이것은 κ°œλ°©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€:
12:44
it bursts out of the mountain into, again, a view of light and of the city
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μ‚°μ—μ„œ ν„°μ Έλ‚˜μ˜€λ“―, λΆˆλΉ›κ³Ό, λ„μ‹œμ™€,
12:50
and of the Jerusalem hills.
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μ˜ˆλ£¨μ‚΄λ ˜ μ–Έλ•μ˜ 전망을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:55
I'd like to conclude with a project I've been working on for two months.
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μ œκ°€ 두 달 λ™μ•ˆ μž‘μ—…μ„ ν•œ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ‘œ 이번 강둠을 마무리 짓고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:00
It's the headquarters for the Institute of Peace in Washington,
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μœ„μ‹±ν„΄ 평화 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ 본뢀인,
13:06
the U.S. Institute of Peace.
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λ―Έκ΅­ 평화 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:08
The site chosen is across from the Lincoln Memorial;
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μ„ νƒλœ μžλ¦¬λŠ” 링컨 기념관 κ±΄λ„ˆνŽΈμ— 있고 --
13:13
you see it there directly on the Mall. It's the last building on the Mall,
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μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ΄λŠ” κ΄‘μž₯의 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 건물 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:17
on access of the Roosevelt Bridge that comes in from Virginia.
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그리고 λ²„μ§€λ‹ˆμ•„μ—μ„œ μ˜€λŠ” Roosevelt 닀라와 ν†΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:22
That too was a competition, and it is something I'm just beginning to work on.
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이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ„ λŒ€νšŒμ˜€κ³ , 이제 겨우 일을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:30
But one recognized the kind of uniqueness of the site.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μž₯μ†Œμ— λŒ€ν•œ κ³ μœ μ„±μ„ 인식 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:34
If it were to be anywhere in Washington,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ— 그듀이 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
13:36
it would be an office building, a conference center,
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그듀은 μ‚¬λ¬΄λΉŒλ”©, 컨퍼런슀 μ„Όν„°, ν‰ν™”ν˜‘μƒ μž₯μ†Œ λ“±,
13:39
a place for negotiating peace and so on -- all of which the building is --
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이 λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒμ΄ μžˆμ„ 것이고, 이 건물이 κ·Έκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:43
but by virtue of the choice of putting it on the Mall and by the Lincoln Memorial,
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이 건물을 κ΄‘μž₯에, 그리고 링컨 기념관 μ˜†μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ„œ,
13:47
this becomes the structure that is the symbol of peace on the Mall.
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이 건좕물은 κ΄‘μž₯ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 평화λ₯Ό μƒμ§•ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:52
And that was a lot of heat to deal with.
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그것 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 닀루기 νž˜λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:57
The first sketch recognizes that the building is many spaces --
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첫번째 μŠ€μΌ€μΉ˜λŠ” 건물이 μ—¬λŸ¬κ°œμ˜ κ³΅κ°„μ΄λΌλŠ”κ±Έ μΈμ‹ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ --
14:01
spaces where research goes on, conference centers,
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연ꡬ가 μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ” 곡간, 컨퍼런슀 센터와 곡곡 건물,
14:06
a public building because it will be a museum devoted to peacemaking --
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ ν‰ν™”ν˜‘μƒμ„ μœ„ν•œ 박물관이 될 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:10
and these are the drawings that we submitted for the competition,
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이 그림듀은 곡λͺ¨μ „에 보내진 것듀이고,
14:14
the plans showing the spaces which radiate outwards from the entry.
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λ„λ©΄μ—λŠ” μž…κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ°”κΉ₯으둜 ν–₯ν•œ 곡간듀이 λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:19
You see the structure as, in the sequence of structures on the Mall,
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건물을 보면 κ΄‘μž₯의 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ±΄λ¬Όλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ
14:23
very transparent and inviting and looking in.
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맀우 투λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μœ ν˜Ήμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:27
And then as you enter it again, looking in all directions towards the city.
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그리고 λ‹€μ‹œ λ“€μ–΄μ™€μ„œλŠ” λ„μ‹œ λͺ¨λ“  λ°©ν–₯을 바라볼 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:32
And what I felt about that building is that it really was a building
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그리고 μ œκ°€ λŠλ‚€κ±΄, 이 건물은 μ§„μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ
14:36
that had to do with a lightness of being -- to quote Kundera --
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쑴재의 가벼움과 κ΄€λ ¨ μžˆμ–΄ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, Kunderaλ₯Ό μΈμš©ν•˜μžλ©΄ --
14:43
that it had to do with whiteness,
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흰색깔,
14:45
it had to do with a certain dynamic quality and it had to do with optimism.
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역동적인 νŠΉμ„±, λ‚™κ΄€λ‘ κ³Ό 관련이 μžˆμ–΄ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:51
And this is where it is; it's sort of evolving.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ 이 λͺ¨μ–‘이고, 아직 μ§„ν™”ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:56
Studies for the structure of the roof,
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지뢕 κ±΄μΆ•μ˜ 곡뢀λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄:
14:59
which demands maybe new materials:
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μ–΄μ©”λ•ŒλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 재질이 μš”κ΅¬λ˜κ³ ,
15:03
how to make it white, how to make it translucent, how to make it glowing,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό 흴지, 투λͺ…할지, 빛이날지,
15:07
how to make it not capricious.
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그리고 λ³€λ•μŠ€λŸ½μ§€ μ•Šμ„μ§€ 방법을 μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:12
And here studying, in three dimensions,
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 3μ°¨μ›μœΌλ‘œ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λ‹€ 보면,
15:15
how to give some kind, again, of order, a structure;
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό μ§ˆμ„œ, ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 쀄 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€,
15:21
not something you feel you could just change
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μ–΄λŠ νŠΉμ • ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€μ˜ λ””μžμΈμ„ λ©ˆμΆ”μ—ˆλ‹€κ³ 
15:23
because you stop the design of that particular process.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ λ°”κΏ€μˆ˜ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λŠλ‚Œμ΄ 듀지 μ•Šμ„ 그것.
15:31
And so it goes.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ κ³΅λΆ€λŠ” κ³„μ†λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:37
I'd like to conclude by saying something ...
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ν•œκ°€μ§€λ§Œ λ§ν•˜κ³  λλ‚΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ --
15:39
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
15:47
I'd like to conclude by relating all of what I've said to the term "beauty."
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마무리둜 μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° λͺ¨λ“ κ±Έ '아름닀움'μ΄λΌλŠ” 말과 μ—°κ΄€μ§“κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:53
And I know it is not a fashionable term these days,
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μš”μ¦˜μ˜ μ΅œμ‹  μœ ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 말은 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ”κ±΄ μ•Œκ³ ,
15:56
and certainly not fashionable in the discourse of architectural schools,
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λ¬Όλ‘  건좕학 λ¬Έλ§₯μ—μ„œλ„ μœ ν–‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것도 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:00
but it seems to me that all this, in one way or the other, is a search for beauty.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ²ŒλŠ”, 어떻든간에, 이 λͺ¨λ“ κ±΄ 아름닀움을 μ°ΎλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:06
Beauty in the most profound sense of fit.
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κ°€μž₯ μ ν•©ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 의미의 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μ›€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:09
I have a quote that I like by a morphologist, 1917,
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1917λ…„, ν˜•νƒœν•™μž Theodore Cook은 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
16:18
Theodore Cook, who said, "Beauty connotes humanity.
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"아름닀움은 인λ₯˜λ₯Ό λ‚΄ν¬ν•œλ‹€.
16:22
We call a natural object beautiful because we see
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μžμ—° 물체λ₯Ό 아름닡닀고 ν•˜λŠ”κ±΄ κ·Έ μœ ν˜•μ΄
16:26
that its form expresses fitness, the perfect fulfillment of function."
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μ™„λ²½ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ‹€ν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 적합함을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ”κ±Έ 보고 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€."
16:31
Well, I would have said the perfect fulfillment of purpose.
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μ €μ˜€μœΌλ©΄ λͺ©μ μ˜ μ™„λ²½ν•œ 성취라고 ν–ˆμ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:35
Nevertheless, beauty as the kind of fit; something that tells us
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , 아름닀움은 μ ν•¨ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ„œ, μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 말은
16:40
that all the forces that have to do with our natural environment
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μžμ—° ν™˜κ²½μ— μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  νž˜λ“€μ€ μ‹€ν˜„λ˜μ—ˆκ³  --
16:44
have been fulfilled -- and our human environment -- for that.
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우리 인λ₯˜μ—λ„ μ‹€ν˜„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.
16:48
Twenty years ago, in a conference Richard and I were at together,
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20λ…„ μ „, λ¦¬μ°¨λ“œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ν•œ μ»¨νΌλŸ°μŠ€μ—μ„œ,
16:53
I wrote a poem, which seems to me to still hold for me today.
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μ‹œλ₯Ό μ“°κ²Œ λ¬λŠ”λ°, κ·Έ μ‹œλŠ” 아직도 μ €μ—κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:58
"He who seeks truth shall find beauty. He who seeks beauty shall find vanity.
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"진리λ₯Ό μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ΄λŠ” 아름닀움을 찾을 것이고, 아름닀움을 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ΄λŠ” ν—ˆμ˜μ„ 찾을 것이닀.
17:05
He who seeks order shall find gratification.
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μ§ˆμ„œλ₯Ό μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ΄λŠ” λ§Œμ‘±κ°μ„ 찾을 것이고,
17:09
He who seeks gratification shall be disappointed.
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λ§Œμ‘±κ°μ„ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ΄λŠ” 싀망할 것이닀.
17:13
He who considers himself the servant of his fellow beings
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μžμ‹ μ„ λ™λ£Œλ“€μ˜ ν•˜μΈμœΌλ‘œ μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” μ΄λŠ”
17:16
shall find the joy of self-expression. He who seeks self-expression
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자기 ν‘œν˜„μ˜ 기쁨을 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것이고, 자기 ν‘œν˜„μ„ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μžλŠ”
17:22
shall fall into the pit of arrogance.
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였만의 ꡬ덩이에 빠질 것이닀.
17:24
Arrogance is incompatible with nature.
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μ˜€λ§Œμ€ μžμ—°κ³Ό κ³΅μ‘΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€.
17:27
Through nature, the nature of the universe and the nature of man,
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μžμ—°, 우주의 μžμ—°κ³Ό μΈκ°„μ˜ μžμ—°μ„ 톡해
17:30
we shall seek truth. If we seek truth, we shall find beauty."
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 진리λ₯Ό 좔ꡬ해야 ν•œλ‹€. 진리λ₯Ό μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λ©΄ 아름닀움을 찾게 될 것이닀."
17:34
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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