Ugly History: The El Mozote murders - Diana Sierra Becerra

翻译人员: Yan Li Xiao 校对人员: Yuwei Wu

In 1984, a group of radio broadcasters and operators

在 1984 年， 一群电台广播员和接线员

walked into the abandoned village of El Mozote in El Salvador.

走进一个在萨尔瓦多，叫 埃尔莫佐特的废弃村庄。

Fireflies illuminated the remnants of a massacre

萤火虫照亮了发生在三年前的

that had taken place three years earlier.

一场大屠杀的遗迹。

Led by Colonel Domingo Monterrosa,

由多明戈·蒙特罗萨上校领导，

government soldiers had tortured, raped, and murdered 978 people,

政府士兵酷刑， 强奸并杀害了 978 人，

including 553 children.

包括 553 名儿童。

The youngest victim, Concepción Sánchez, was just three days old.

最年轻的受害者， 康塞普西翁·桑切斯，才三天大。

Both the US and Salvadoran governments denied the massacre had taken place,

美国和萨尔瓦多政府都 否认这场大屠杀的发生，

and the slaughter left few people alive to tell their story.

屠杀只剩下几个人 活着来讲述他们的故事。

But with the help of Radio Venceremos, one of those survivors, Rufina Amaya,

但是在文塞雷莫斯电台的帮助下， 其中一位幸存者，鲁菲娜·阿玛亚，

shared her testimony—

分享了她的见证—

exposing both Monterrosa and the governments funding his crimes.

暴露蒙特罗萨， 以及资助他的罪行的政府。

This massacre was one in a long line of atrocities

这场大屠杀是对萨尔瓦多

committed against El Salvador’s farmers.

的农民犯下的一长串的暴行。

Since the 1800s, a handful of oligarchs

自 1800 年代以来，少数寡头

had controlled nearly all the country’s land,

几乎控制了所有国家的土地，

forcing laborers to work for almost nothing.

强迫劳动者几乎没有收入的工作。

In 1932, Indigenous farm workers led an insurrection,

1932 年，土著 农场工人领导起义，

but the dictatorial government responded by committing genocide

但独裁政府通过对这些社会

against these communities.

进行种族灭绝来回应。

From then on, one military dictatorship after another ruled the country

从此，一个又一个军事独裁

in concert with wealthy landowners.

与富有的地主一致治国。

Their power only grew in the 1960s,

他们的势力在 1960 年代才增长，

when the United States began supplying the regime with military aid.

当美国开始供应军事援助给政权。

The US wanted to stop the spread of reformist and revolutionary movements,

美国想阻止传播改革派和革命运动，

which they saw as threats to capitalism.

他们认为这是对资本主义的威胁。

So they spent huge sums of money training Salvadoran soldiers and “death squads”—

于是他们斥巨资培训 萨尔瓦多士兵和“敢死队”—

fascist military units versed in brutal counter-insurgency methods.

精通残酷的反叛乱 方法的法西斯军队。

Throughout the 1970s, these forces slaughtered farmers

在整个 1970 年代， 这些势力屠杀

who organized to demand basic rights,

组织要求基本权利的农民，

such as living wages, food, and clean water.

比如工资、食物、和干净的水。

Finally, in 1980, farmers and urban workers formed

最后，在 1980 年，农民 和城市工人形成了

the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front.

法拉本多·马蒂民族解放阵线。

This coalition of guerrilla groups fought to overthrow the dictatorship

这个游击队联盟来推翻独裁，

and build a socialist society that met the needs of laborers.

来建设符合劳动者的 需求的社会主义社会。

These revolutionaries were attacked from every direction.

这些革命者遭到 来自各个方向的袭击。

Colonel Monterrosa led a special battalion intent on destroying the FMLN,

蒙特罗萨上校率领一个特别营， 意图摧毁马解阵线，

using tactics he’d learned at an American military school.

使用他在美国军事学校学到的策略。

State forces terrorized farmers to stop them

国家军队恐吓农民来阻止他们

from joining or aiding the guerrillas.

加入或帮助游击队。

But one group of rebels would not be silenced:

但是一群叛军不会被沉默：

the operators of Radio Venceremos.

文塞雷莫斯电台的接线员。

This clandestine guerrilla radio began in 1981,

这个秘密的游击电台 从 1981 年开始，

and its broadcasters Santiago and Mariposa became the voice of the revolution.

广播员圣地亚哥和马里波萨 成为了革命的声音。

They transmitted news from the front lines

他们传递前线的消息

and reported military abuses that no other source covered.

并报道了其他来源没有 报道过的军事虐待。

The station’s politics and popularity made it a high-profile target.

电台的政治和人气 使其成为备受瞩目的目标。

And because they operated in a relatively small area,

因为他们 在相对较小的区域内经营，

its broadcasters had to move constantly to evade capture.

它的广播员不得不不断移动 来逃避捕获。

To communicate undetected, the group modified two radios into telephones,

为了在不被发现的情况下进行交流， 该组把收音机改成电话，

linked together through kilometers of barbed wire covering the countryside.

通过覆盖农村的，多公里的 铁丝网连接在一起。

This secret telephone line helped the rebels

这条秘密电话线帮助了叛军

stay one step ahead of their pursuers.

来领先他们的追击者一步。

In addition to reporting news,

除了报道新闻，

the radio broadcast educational programs in areas under guerrilla control.

电台在游击队控制的地区， 广播教育节目。

Here, farmers organized democratic councils to govern themselves,

在这里，农民组织了民主 理事来治理他们自己，

alongside cooperatives, schools, and medical clinics.

与合作社、学校、和医疗诊所。

Organizers also encouraged civilian women to participate in these councils

组织者还鼓励平民妇女 来参加这些理事会

to ensure the revolution overthrew both capitalism and patriarchy.

来确保革命会推翻 资本主义和父权制。

Women made up roughly a third of the guerrillas,

女性大致构成三分之一的游击队员，

working in a huge variety of roles.

做着各种各样的工作。

Colonel Monterrosa was obsessed with destroying Radio Venceremos.

蒙特罗萨上校对摧毁 文塞雷莫斯电台很着迷。

In October 1984,

在 1984 年 10 月，

government soldiers finally captured their radio transmitter.

政府军终于获得了 他们的电台发射器。

Monterrosa himself went to retrieve the equipment

蒙特罗萨本人去取回了设备

and held a theatrical press conference celebrating

并举行了戏剧性的新闻发布会来庆祝

his “decisive blow to the subversives.”

他“对颠覆者的决定性打击”。

But in reality, the radio team had outsmarted him once again.

但实际上，广播队 又再一次智取了他。

The transmitter was boobytrapped.

发射器是一个陷阱。

Once Monterrosa’s helicopter left the press conference,

当蒙特罗萨的直升机 离开记者会的那一刻，

radio members detonated the device over El Mozote,

电台成员在埃尔莫佐特 的上方引爆了设备，

killing the colonel near the village he had massacred.

把上校在他屠杀过 的村庄附近杀死。

Monterrosa’s death was one victory in a much larger conflict.

蒙特罗萨的死是 在更大的冲突中的一场胜利。

The civil war raged on for 8 more years before concluding in 1992,

在 1992 年结束之前， 内战持续了8年

when peace accords dissolved the oppressive National Guard

当和平协议解散了 压迫性的国民警卫队

and allowed the FMLN to become an electoral party.

并允许 FMLN 成为 一个选举党。

But these accords didn’t address problems of deep, structural inequality.

但这些协议并没有解决 深层次的结构性不平等问题。

In 1993, the UN Truth Commission

在 1993 年， 联合国真相委员会

reported that over 75,000 people died during the war.

报道超过 75,000 人 死于战争。

Yet the Salvadoran legislature prevented the prosecution of war crimes

然而萨尔瓦多立法机构 阻止起诉战争罪

and continues to obstruct justice to this day.

并继续妨碍司法公正直到今天。

As of 2021, no participating American officials have been put on trial,

截至 2021 年，没有参与的 美国官员已受审，

and only one individual from the Salvadoran government

而且只有一个 来自萨尔瓦多政府的人

has been sentenced for war crimes.

因战争罪被判刑。

Historical erasure exists in the US as well,

历史抹杀也在美国存在，

where these and other stories of US intervention in Central America

这些和其他美国对中美洲的干预故事

are rarely taught in public schools.

很少在公立学校教。

But the victims refuse to be forgotten.

但受害者拒绝被遗忘。

Rufina Amaya continued to share her testimony until her death in 2007.

鲁菲娜·阿玛亚持续分享她的证词, 直到她在 2007 年去世。

And survivors of other massacres still organize to denounce state violence.

其他大屠杀的幸存者仍然 组织来谴责国家暴力。

They map old massacre sites, exhume and bury loved ones,

他们绘制了旧的大屠杀地点， 挖掘和埋葬亲人，

and build sanctuaries and museums,

以及建造圣所和博物馆，

all in the hope of pollinating a more just future.

都希望授粉一个更公正的未来。