Are we living in a simulation? - Zohreh Davoudi

1,379,740 views ・ 2019-10-08

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Kristina Radosavljević Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća
00:07
We live in a vast universe, on a small wet planet,
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Živimo u ogromnom svemiru, na maloj vlažnoj planeti,
00:11
where billions of years ago
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gde su, pre više milijardi godina,
00:12
single-celled life forms evolved from the same elements
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jednoćelijski organizmi evoluirali od istih elemenata
00:16
as all non-living material around them,
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koje je imala neživa materija oko njih,
00:18
proliferating and radiating into an incredible ray of complex life forms.
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razmnožili se se i raširili u neverovatan spektar složenih živih oblika.
00:23
All of this— living and inanimate, microscopic and cosmic—
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Nad svim ovim - živim i neživim, mikroskopskim i kosmičkim -
00:27
is governed by mathematical laws with apparently arbitrary constants.
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vladaju matematički zakoni sa naizgled proizvoljnim konstantama.
00:31
And this opens up a question:
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To otvara pitanje:
00:33
If the universe is completely governed by these laws,
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ako svemirom potpuno upravljaju ovi zakoni,
00:36
couldn’t a powerful enough computer simulate it exactly?
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zar ne bi dovoljno jak računar mogao da ga tačno simulira?
00:39
Could our reality actually be an incredibly detailed simulation
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Ne bi li naša stvarnost mogla biti precizno isplanirana simulacija
00:43
set in place by a much more advanced civilization?
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koju je postavila mnogo razvijenija civilizacija?
00:47
This idea may sound like science fiction,
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Ova ideja može zvučati kao naučna fantastika,
00:49
but it has been the subject of serious inquiry.
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ali je bila predmet ozbiljnih istraživanja.
00:51
Philosopher Nick Bostrom advanced a compelling argument
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Filozof Nik Bostrom je izneo uverljiv argument
00:55
that we’re likely living in a simulation,
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da najverovatnije živimo u simulaciji,
00:57
and some scientists also think it’s a possibility.
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a neki naučnici takođe smatraju da je to moguće.
01:00
These scientists have started thinking about experimental tests
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Ovi naučnici su počeli da razmišljaju o eksperimentalnim testovima
01:03
to find out whether our universe is a simulation.
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kako bi otkrili da li je naš svemir simulacija.
01:06
They are hypothesizing about what the constraints of the simulation might be,
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Postoje pretpostavke vezane za to šta bi mogla biti ograničenja simulacije,
01:10
and how those constraints could lead to detectable signs in the world.
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i kako bi ova ograničenja mogla uzrokovati prepoznatljive znakove u svetu.
01:14
So where might we look for those glitches?
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Gde bismo mogli tražiti ove greške?
01:17
One idea is that as a simulation runs,
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Jedna ideja je da bi, dok simulacija radi,
01:20
it might accumulate errors over time.
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vremenom mogla da nakupi greške.
01:22
To correct for these errors
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Kako bi ispravili ove greške,
01:24
the simulators could adjust the constants in the laws of nature.
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simulatori bi mogli da prilagode konstante prirodnim zakonima.
01:27
These shifts could be tiny—
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Ove promene bi mogle da budu sićušne -
01:29
for instance,
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recimo, neke konstante koje smo izmerili sa preciznošću do milionitih delova
01:30
certain constants we’ve measured with accuracies of parts per million
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01:33
have stayed steady for decades,
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su decenijama nepromenljive,
01:35
so any drift would have to be on an even smaller scale.
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što znači da bi svaka promena morala da bude još manjeg opsega.
01:39
But as we gain more precision in our measurements of these constants,
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Ali kako postajemo sve precizniji u merenjima ovih konstanti,
01:42
we might detect slight changes over time.
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mogli bismo uvideti male promene tokom vremena.
01:45
Another possible place to look comes from the concept that finite computing power,
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Druga moguća tačka za ispitivanje
dolazi iz koncepta da ograničena računarska snaga,
01:49
no matter how huge, can’t simulate infinities.
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ma koliko velika, ne može simulirati beskonačnost.
01:53
If space and time are continuous,
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Ako su prostor i vreme stalni,
01:54
then even a tiny piece of the universe has infinite points
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onda čak i najmanji deo svemira ima svoju beskonačnu tačku,
01:58
and becomes impossible to simulate with finite computing power.
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čime postaje nemoguće da se simuliše sa ograničenom računarskom snagom.
02:02
So a simulation would have to represent space and time in very small pieces.
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Znači da bi simulacija morala da predstavlja prostor i vreme u delićima.
02:07
These would be almost incomprehensibly tiny.
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Oni bi bili gotovo nepojmljivo mali,
02:09
But we might be able to search for them
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ali možda bismo mogli da ih potražimo
02:11
by using certain subatomic particles as probes.
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koristeći subatomske čestice u ispitivanju.
02:15
The basic principle is this: the smaller something is,
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Osnovni princip je: što je nešto manje,
02:18
the more sensitive it will be to disruption—
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to je osetljivije na poremećaje -
02:20
think of hitting a pothole on a skateboard versus in a truck.
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uporedite naletanje na rupu kada vozite skejtbord i kada ste u kamionu.
02:24
Any unit in space-time would be so small
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Svaka jedinica u prostoru-vremenu bi bila toliko mala
02:26
that most things would travel through it without disruption—
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da bi većina stvari putovala kroz nju bez ometanja -
02:29
not just objects large enough to be visible to the naked eye,
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ne samo predmeti dovoljno veliki da budu vidljivi golim okom,
02:32
but also molecules, atoms, and even electrons
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nego i molekuli, atomi, pa čak i elektroni
02:36
and most of the other subatomic particles we’ve discovered.
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i većina ostalih subatomskih čestica koje smo otkrili.
02:39
If we do discover a tiny unit in space-time
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Ako otkrijemo sićušnu jedinicu u prostoru i vremenu
02:43
or a shifting constant in a natural law,
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ili promenljivu konstantu u prirodnom zakonu,
02:45
would that prove the universe is a simulation?
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da li bi to potvrdilo da je svemir simulacija?
02:48
No— it would only be the first of many steps.
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Ne, to bi bio samo prvi od brojnih koraka.
02:51
There could be other explanations for each of those findings.
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Moglo bi da postoji drugo objašnjenje za svako od ovih otkrića.
02:54
And a lot more evidence would be needed to establish the simulation hypothesis
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Mnogo više dokaza je potrebno da bi se potvrdila teorija simulacije
02:57
as a working theory of nature.
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kao radna teorija prirode.
03:00
However many tests we design,
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Međutim, koliko god testova da osmislimo,
03:01
we’re limited by some assumptions they all share.
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ograničavaju nas pretpostavke koje su zajedničke za sve njih.
03:04
Our current understanding of the natural world on the quantum level
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Naše trenutno razumevanje prirodnog sveta na kvantnom nivou
03:08
breaks down at what’s known as the planck scale.
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svodi se na ono što je poznato kao plankova dužina.
03:11
If the unit of space-time is on this scale,
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Ako su prostor-vreme na ovoj skali,
03:14
we wouldn’t be able to look for it with our current scientific understanding.
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ne možemo imati uvid u to sa trenutnim naučnim shvatanjima.
03:17
There’s still a wide range of things
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Postoji široki spektar stvari
03:19
that are smaller than what’s currently observable
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koje su manje od onoga što trenutno možemo da posmatramo,
03:21
but larger than the planck scale to investigate.
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ali veće od plankove dužine, da bismo ih istraživali.
03:24
Similarly, shifts in the constants of natural laws could occur so slowly
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Slično ovome, promene konstanti prirodnih zakona mogu biti toliko spore
03:29
that they would only be observable over the lifetime of the universe.
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da bi mogle biti vidljive samo kada posmatramo svemir od njegovog postanka.
03:32
So they could exist even if we don’t detect them
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One bi mogle postojati čak i ako ih mi ne uočavamo
03:35
over centuries or millennia of measurements.
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stotinama ili hiljadama godina merenja.
03:38
We're also biased towards thinking that our universe’s simulator, if it exists,
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Takođe imamo sklonost da mislimo da naš simulator svemira, ako postoji,
03:42
makes calculations the same way we do,
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pravi proračune na isti način kao mi,
03:44
with similar computational limitations.
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sa sličnim računarskim ograničenjima.
03:47
Really, we have no way of knowing
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U suštini, mi ne možemo nikako znati
03:49
what an alien civilization’s constraints and methods would be—
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koja bi bila ograničenja i metode vanzemaljske civilizacije -
03:52
but we have to start somewhere.
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ali odnekud moramo početi.
03:54
It may never be possible to prove conclusively that the universe either is,
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Možda nikad ne bude moguće definitivno dokazati
da li svemir jeste ili nije simulacija,
03:58
or isn’t, a simulation,
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04:00
but we’ll always be pushing science and technology forward
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ali ćemo uvek težiti napretku u nauci i tehnologiji,
04:03
in pursuit of the question:
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u potrazi za odgovorom na pitanje:
04:04
what is the nature of reality?
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šta je zapravo priroda realnosti?
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