Is this the most beautiful building in the world? - Stephanie Honchell Smith

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Korom

It’s 1631 in Burhanpur,

Godina je 1631. u Buranpuru,

and Mumtaz Mahal, beloved wife of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan,

i Mumtaz Mahal, voljena supruga mogulskog cara Šaha Džahana,

is giving birth to their 14th child.

donosi na svet njihovo četrnaesto dete.

A healthy girl is born, but not without difficulty.

Rođena je zdrava devojčica, ali ne bez poteškoća.

Shah Jahan rushes to Mumtaz’s side, but he cannot save her.

Šah Džahan juri do Mumtazinog uzglavlja, ali ne može da je spasi.

Sobbing uncontrollably,

Nekontrolisano jecajući,

the emperor decides to build a tomb worthy of his queen:

car odlučuje da sagradi grobnicu dostojnu njegove kraljice:

an earthly replica of Paradise to embody their perfect love

zemaljsku repliku raja koja bi otelotvorila njihovu savršenu ljubav

and project the power of the Mughal Empire for all time.

i pronosila moć Mogulskog carstva za sva vremena.

Construction of the Taj Mahal began roughly seven months later.

Izgradnja Tadž Mahala je započeta otprilike sedam meseci kasnije.

Royal architects worked to bring Shah Jahan’s vision to life

Kraljevske arhitekte su radile kako bi oživele viziju Šaha Džahana

at a site chosen by the emperor in the bustling imperial city of Agra.

na mestu koje je odabrao car u užurbanom carskom gradu Agri.

The Yamuna riverfront was already dotted with exquisite residences,

Rečna obala Jamuna je već bila išarana vrsnim rezidencijama,

gardens, and mausoleums.

vrtovima i mauzolejima.

But when complete, the Taj Mahal would be the most magnificent structure of all.

Po završetku ipak, Tadž Mahal će da bude najveličanstvenija građevina od svih.

In addition to housing Mumtaz’s mausoleum, the plans included a garden, mosque,

Pored smeštanja Mumtazinog mauzoleja, planovi su uključivali baštu, džamiju,

bazaar, and several caravanserais to house visiting merchants and diplomats.

bazar i nekoliko karavansaraja za smeštaj gostujućih trgovaca i diplomata.

Together, this complex would seamlessly blend

Sveukupno, kompleks će besprekorno stopiti

Persian, Islamic, Indian, and European styles,

persijske, islamske, indijske i evropske stilove,

establishing the Taj Mahal as the culmination

uspostavljajući Tadž Mahal kao kulminaciju

of Mughal architectural achievement.

mogulskih arhitektonskih dostignuća.

The entire compound was laid out on a geometric grid,

Čitav kompleks je postavljen na geometrijskoj rešeci,

incorporating meticulously planned bilateral symmetry.

uključujući pomno isplaniranu bilateralnu simetriju.

To further establish an atmosphere of balance and harmony,

Kako bi dodatno postigli atmosferu ravnoteže i harmonije,

the architects divided the complex into two spheres,

arhitekte su podelile kompleks na dve sfere,

representing the spiritual and earthly domains.

koje su predstavljale duhovne i zemaljske domene.

Most of the structures were made of brick and red sandstone,

Većina struktura je izgrađena od cigle i crvenog peščara,

with white marble accents.

sa detaljima od belog mermera.

This was a common motif in Mughal architecture,

Radilo se o uobičajenom motivu u mogulskoj arhitekturi,

inspired by ancient Indian traditions

inspirisanom drevnim indijskim tradicijama

associating white with spiritual purity and red with warriors and royalty.

koje su povezivale belu boju sa duhovnom čistoćom,

a crvenu sa ratnicima i plemićima.

But the central mausoleum took more inspiration from the Islamic tradition.

Međutim, centralni mauzolej je više crpeo inspiraciju iz islamske tradicije.

Framed by four minarets,

Uokvirena sa četiri minareta,

the structure was covered entirely in white marble

struktura je u potpunosti prekrivena belim mermerom

from quarries over 400 kilometers away.

iz kamenoloma udaljenih preko 400 kilometara.

Its main dome towered above the skyline,

Njena glavna kupola se nadvisivala preko horizonta,

and those within the cavernous chamber experienced

a oni unutar šuplje odaje su mogli da iskuse

an otherworldly echo lasting almost 30 seconds.

nadzemaljski eho koji je trajao skoro 30 sekundi.

Perfecting the Italian stone-working technique, pietra dura,

Usavršavajući italijansku kamenorezačku tehniku pietra dura,

craftsmen used all manner of semi-precious stones to create intricate floral designs

majstori su koristili sve vrste poludragog kamenja da stvore složene cvetne dizajne

representing the eternal gardens of Paradise.

koji su predstavljali večne rajske vrtove.

Calligraphers covered the walls with Quranic inscriptions.

Kaligrafi su prekrili zidove zapisima iz Kurana.

And because the Islamic depiction of Paradise has eight gates,

A kako islamski prikaz raja sadrži osam kapija,

the mausoleum’s rooms were designed to be octagonal.

sobe mauzoleja su dizajnirane da budu osmougaone.

The garden in front of the mausoleum was split into four parts

Bašta ispred mauzoleja je podeljena na četiri dela

in the Persian style,

u persijskom stilu,

but its flora reflected the Mughals’ nomadic Central Asian heritage.

ali je njena flora odražavala mogulsko nomadsko centralnoazijsko nasleđe.

Flowers and trees were carefully selected to add color,

Cveće i drveće su pažljivo odabrani kako bi dodali boju,

sweet scents, and fresh fruit to be sold in the bazaar.

slatkaste mirise i sveže voće koje će se prodavati na bazaru.

Masons built intersecting walkways, pools, and channels of water

Zidari su sagradili ukrštajuća šetališta, bazene i vodene kanale

to weave through the lush greenery.

koji su presecali bujno zelenilo.

Even before its completion,

Čak i pre završetka,

Shah Jahan used the Taj to host the annual commemoration of Mumtaz’s death,

Šah Džahan je koristio Tadž da ugosti godišnju komemoraciju Mumtazine smrti,

celebrating her reunification with the Divine.

slaveći njeno ponovno ujedinjenje sa božanskim.

Directly across the river, Shah Jahan built another sprawling garden

Tačno preko reke, Šah Džahan je sagradio još jedan prostrani vrt

with a central pool that perfectly reflected the mausoleum.

sa centralnim bazenom u kom se savršeno ogledao mauzolej.

Building this intricate complex took 12 years

Izgradnja ovog složenog kompleksa je trajala dvanaest godina

and employed thousands of skilled craftsmen and artisans,

i bilo je uposleno na hiljade veštih zanatlija i majstora,

from masons and bricklayers to masters of pietra dura and calligraphy.

od zidara i ciglara do majstora pietra dura i kaligrafije.

After the Taj was completed in 1643,

Nakon što je Tadž završen 1643,

Shah Jahan retained some of these craftsmen for routine repairs,

Šah Džahan je zadržao neke od ovih zanatlija za rutinske popravke

and hired Quran reciters, caretakers, and other staff to maintain the complex.

i unajmio je recitatore Kurana, čuvare i ostalo osoblje da održavaju kompleks.

He paid these workers by establishing a vast endowment for the Taj—

Plaćao je ove radnike osnivajući izdašnu zadužbinu za Tadž -

a system which remained in place until the early 19th century.

sistem koji je ostao u funkciji do ranog 19. veka.

Since its completion, Shah Jahan’s grand memorial has drawn travelers

Od izgradnje, veliki spomenik Šaha Džahana je privlačio putnike

from around the world.

iz čitavog sveta.

And every time a visitor is awed by the mausoleum,

I svaki put kada se posetilac zadivi mauzolejem,

the emperor’s goal is achieved anew.

car iznova ostvaruje svoj cilj.

Unfortunately, after 15 years of presiding over Mumtaz’s memorial,

Nažalost, nakon 15 godina nadgledanja Mumtazinog spomenika,

Shah Jahan fell ill and a war of succession broke out between his sons.

Šah Džahan se razboleo i izbio je rat za nasledstvo između njegovih sinova.

While Shah Jahan eventually recovered, his son, Aurangzeb,

Iako se Šah Džahan vremenom oporavio, njegov sin, Aurangzeb,

had already emerged as the new emperor.

već se učvrstio kao novi car.

For the last eight years of his life,

Poslednjih osam godina njegovog života,

Shah Jahan lived under house arrest in Agra’s Fort,

Šah Džahan je živeo u kućnom pritvoru u utvrđenju Agra,

where he could see the Taj glimmering in the distance.

odakle je mogao da vidi Tadž kako svetluca u daljini.

When he died in 1666, he was buried next to Mumtaz,

Kada je umro 1666, sahranjen je pored Mumtaz,

his grave breaking the complex’s symmetry,

pri čemu je njegov grob narušio simetriju kompleksa

so that his wife could remain at the Taj’s center for all eternity.

kako bi njegova supruga ostala u središtu Tadža za čitavu večnost.

This video was made possible with support from Marriott Hotels.

Ovaj video je omogućen uz podršku hotela Meriot.

With over 590 hotels and resorts across the globe,

Sa preko 590 hotela i rizorta širom sveta,

Marriott Hotels celebrates the curiosity that propels us to travel.

hoteli Meriot slave znatiželju koja nas navodi da putujemo.

Check out some of the exciting ways TED-Ed and Marriott are working together

Proverite neke od uzbudljivih načina na koje TED-ed i Meriot sarađuju

and book your next journey at Marriott Hotels.

i rezervišite sledeće putovanje u hotelima Meriot.