A day in the life of an ancient Greek architect - Mark Robinson

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Korom

As dawn breaks over Athens, Pheidias is already late for work.

Dok zora sviće nad Atinom, Fidija već kasni na posao.

The year is 432 BCE,

Godina je 432. p.n.e.,

and he’s the architekton, or chief builder,

i on je „arhitekton” to jest glavni graditelj

for the Parthenon— Athens’ newest and largest temple.

Partenona - atinskog najnovijeg i najvećeg hrama.

When completed, his masterpiece will be an enormous shrine to the goddess Athena,

Kada bude gotovo, njegovo remek-delo će da bude ogromni oltar za boginju Atinu,

and a testament to the glory of the Athenians.

kao i svedočanstvo atinske slave.

But when he arrives onsite he finds five epistatai, or city officials,

Međutim, kad stigne na gradilište zatiče pet „epistata” tj. gradskih zvaničnika

waiting to confront him.

koji čekaju da se sukobe s njim.

They accuse Pheidias of embezzling gold

Optužuju Fidiju da je proneverio zlato

designated for the temple’s sacred central statue.

namenjeno za sveti središnji kip u hramu.

He has until sundown to provide all the temple’s expenses

Ima rok do zalaska sunca da dostavi sve izdatke za hram

and account for every flake of gold— or face the judgement of the courts.

kao i račune za svaki grumen zlata - ili da se suoči sa zakonom.

Though he’s insulted by these false charges, Pheidias isn’t surprised.

Iako ga ove lažne optužbe vređaju, Fidija nije iznenađen.

Pericles, the politician who commissioned the Parthenon,

Perikle, političar koji je naručio izgradnju Partenona,

has many enemies in city government,

ima brojne neprijatelje u gradskoj upravi,

and this project is somewhat controversial.

a ovaj projekat je unekoliko kontroverzan.

The public is expecting a classic temple in the Doric style:

Javnost očekuje klasični hram u dorskom stilu:

simple columns supporting a horizontal entablature,

sa jednostavnim stubovima koji pridržavaju horizontalni pervaz,

crowned with a triangular roof.

krunisan trougaonim krovom.

But Pheidias’ plans are far more radical by Athenian standards.

Međutim, Fidijini planovi su daleko radikalniji po atinskim merilima.

His designs combine Doric columns with a sweeping Ionic frieze,

Njegov nacrt kombinuje dorske stubove sa širokim jonskim frizom,

hosting a vast panorama of the city’s Great Panathenaic festival.

na kom je prikazana ogromna panorama gradskog Velikog panatinskog festivala.

Not only will this sculpture show humans and gods side by side—

Ne samo da će ova skulptura da prikaže ljude i bogove rame uz rame -

something never before seen in a temple’s décor—

što nikad pre nije viđeno kao dekor na hramu -

it will also cost much more than the traditional approach.

već će i da košta mnogo više od uobičajenog pristupa.

Praying to the Gods that his colleagues have been keeping track of their spending,

Moleći se bogovima da su njegove kolege vodile zapis o svojim troškovima,

Pheidias sets off to prove his innocence.

Fidija se zapućuje da dokaže svoju nevinost.

First, he checks in with his architects Iktinos and Callicrates.

Prvo proverava sa svojim arhitektama, Iktinom i Kalikratom.

Rather than using a blueprint,

Umesto korišćenja nacrta,

they pore over the syngraphai, or general plan,

udubljuju se u „singrafu” to jest glavni plan,

and paradeigma, a 3D model.

kao i paradigmu, tj. tri-de model.

Without an exact blueprint, the team often has to resolve issues in real time,

Bez preciznog nacrta, ekipa često mora da rešava probleme u realnom vremenu,

guided only by careful calculation and their instinct for symmetry.

vodeći se samo pažljivim proračunima i sopstvenim osećajem za simetriju.

Maintaining this symmetry has proven especially difficult.

Održavanje ove simetrije se pokazalo naročito teškim.

The Parthenon is built on a curve with the columns leaning slightly inwards.

Partenon je izgrađen na nagibu

sa stubovima koji se blago povijaju ka unutra.

To project strength,

Kako bi prikazali snagu

and potentially keep the columns looking straight from a distance,

i potencijalno postigli da stubovi izgledaju pravo posmatrani iz daljine,

the architects incorporated entasis, or slight bulging, in each column.

arhitekte su uključile entazu, tj. blaga ispupčenja na svakom stubu.

For the temple’s other elements,

Za ostale elemente hrama,

the team calculates symmetry by employing relatively consistent proportions

ekipa proračunava simetriju uzimajući relativno stabilne proporcije

across the design.

duž dizajna.

But their shifting plans require constant recalculations.

Međutim, njihovi promenljivi planovi zahtevaju stalna preračunavanja.

After helping solve one such computation,

Nakon što pomogne u rešavanju jednog sličnog proračuna,

Pheidias collects his colleagues’ gold records

Fidija sakuplja zapise o zlatu od kolega

and heads off to receive a special delivery.

i zapućuje se da preuzme specijalnu isporuku.

Immense marble blocks for the Parthenon’s pediment have just arrived

Ogromni blokovi mermera za timpane Partenona su upravo stigli

from quarries at Mount Pentelikon.

iz kamenoloma sa planine Pentelikon.

The usual ramps would collapse

Obične rampe bi popucale

under the weight of these 2 to 3 ton stone blocks,

pod težinom ovih kamenih blokova od dve do tri tone,

so Pheidias orders the construction of new pulleys.

te Fidija naređuje izgradnju novih kotura.

After recording the additional expense

Nakon beleženja dodatnih troškova

and supervising the construction all afternoon,

i nadgledanja izgradnje čitavo popodne,

he finally arrives at the sculpture workshop.

konačno stiže u radionicu za kipove.

His sculptors are carving 92 mythical scenes, or metopes,

Njegovi skulptori rezbare 92 mitske scene tj. metope

to decorate the temple.

kojima ukrašavaju hram.

Every carving depicts fighting from different epic battles—

Svaka rezbarija prikazuje sukobe iz različitih epskih bitaka -

each a mythical representation of Greece’s victory over Persia

a sve su mistki prikaz grčke pobede nad Persijom

about 40 years earlier.

od pre četrdesetak godina.

No temple has ever used so many metopes before,

Ni na jednom hramu pre nije korišćeno toliko metopa,

and each scene adds to the temple’s ballooning expenses.

a svaka scena doprinosi sve većim troškovima hrama.

Finally, Pheidias turns to his primary responsibility,

Konačno se Fidija vraća svojoj primarnoj obavezi

and the focal point of the entire temple.

i ključnoj tački celokupnog hrama.

Covered in thick layers of gold, minutely decorated,

Prekriven debelim slojem zlata, minuciozno ukrašen

and towering above her worshippers,

i nadvisujući se nad vernicima,

this will be a statue of the city’s patron and protector: Athena Parthenos.

ovo će da bude kip gradske pokroviteljke i zaštitnice: Atine Partenos.

When the temple is complete, throngs will gather on its perimeter—

Kada hram bude završen, gomila će se okupljati u njegovom podnožju -

offering prayers, performing sacrifices,

nudeći molitve, polažući žrtve

and pouring libations for the goddess of wisdom.

i posipajući libacije u čast boginje mudrosti.

Pheidias spends the rest of the day

Fidija provodi ostatak dana

designing finishing touches for the statue,

dizajnirajući završne detalje na kipu,

and as the light fades, the epistatai arrive to confront him.

i dok svetlost bledi, stižu epistati da se suoče s njim.

After looming over his records, they look up triumphantly.

Nakon bdenja nad njegovim zapisima, trijumfalno podižu poglede.

Pheidias may have accounted for the temple’s general spending,

Fidija je možda vodio zapise o generalnim troškovima hrama,

but his records show no mention of the statue’s gold.

ali njegovi zapisi ne pominju zlato sa kipa.

At that moment, Pericles himself arrives to save his chief builder.

U tom trenutku stiže Perikle lično da spasi svog glavnog graditelja.

The temple’s sponsor tells them that all the gold on the statue

Pokrovitelj hrama saopštava da sve zlato sa kipa

can be removed and weighed individually to prove Pheidias’ innocence.

mogu da uklone i izvagaju pojedinačno kako bi dokazali Fidijinu nevinost.

Assigning laborers to the task—

Određujući radnike za zadatak -

and charging the officials to watch them late into the night—

i naređujući zvaničnicima da ih nadgledaju da kasno u noć -

Pheidias and his patron leave their adversaries

Fidija i njegov pokrovitelj ostavljaju svoje protivnike

to the mercy of mighty Athena.

na milost moćne Atine.