History vs. Che Guevara - Alex Gendler

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

His face is recognized all over the world.

Njegovo lik je prepoznatljiv širom sveta.

The young medical student who became a revolutionary icon.

Mladi student medicine koji je postao ikona revolucije.

But was Che Guevara a heroic champion of the poor

Međutim, da li je Če Gevara bio herojski borac za siromašne

or a ruthless warlord who left a legacy of repression?

ili nemilosrdni ratni zapovednik koji je u nasleđe ostavio represiju?

Order, order.

Mir, mir.

Hey, where have I seen that guy before?

Hej, gde sam već video tog čoveka?

Ahem, your Honor, this is Ernesto Che Guevara.

Hm, časni sude, ovo je Ernesto Če Gevara.

In the early 1950s,

Ranih 1950-ih,

he left behind a privileged life as a medical student in Argentina

ostavio je za sobom privilegovan život studenta medicine u Argentini

to travel through rural Latin America.

kako bi putovao kroz ruralnu Latinsku Ameriku.

The poverty and misery he witnessed convinced him that saving lives

Siromaštvo i beda koje je video su ga ubedili da je za spašavanje života

required more than medicine.

potrebno više od medicine.

So he became a terrorist

Pa je postao terorista,

seeking to violently overthrow the region's governments.

koji je pokušavao nasilno da svrgne regionalne vlade.

What?

Šta?

The region's governments were brutal oligarchies.

Te regionalne vlade su bile surove oligarhije.

Colonialism may have formally ended,

Kolonijalizam je možda formalno bio okončan,

but elites still controlled all the wealth.

ali je elita i dalje kontrolisala sve bogatstvo.

American corporations bought up land originally seized from indigenous people

Američke korporacije su kupovale zemlju, prvobitno otetu od domorodaca,

and used it for profit and export,

i koristile su je zarad profita i izvoza,

even keeping most of it uncultivated while locals starved.

čak veći deo zemlje nisu obrađivali dok su lokalni narodi gladovali.

Couldn't they vote to change that?

Što nisu glasali za promene?

Oh, they tried, your Honor.

Ah, pokušali su, časni sude.

In 1953, Che came to Guatemala

Godine 1953, Če je stigao u Gvatemalu

under the democratically-elected government of President Árbenz.

kojom je vladala demokratski izabrana vlada predsednika Arbenza.

Árbenz passed reforms to redistribute

Arbenz je izvršio reforme kako bi raspodelio

some of this uncultivated land back to the people

nešto od ove neobrađivane zemlje ljudima

while compensating the landowners.

plaćajući naknadu zemljoposednicima.

But he was overthrown in a CIA-sponsored coup.

Međutim, svrgnut je u puču koji je sponzorisala CIA.

The military was protecting against the seizure of private property

Vojska se borila protiv oduzimanja privatnog vlasništva

and communist takeover.

kao i protiv komunističkog prevrata.

They were protecting corporate profits

Štitili su korporativni profit,

and Che saw that they would use the fear of communism

a Če je uvideo da će iskoristiti strah od komunizma

to overthrow any government that threatened those profits.

da svrgnu bilo koju vladu koja je pretila tom profitu.

So he took the lessons of Guatemala with him to Mexico.

Pa je sa sobom u Meksiko poneo lekcije iz Gvatemale.

There, he met exiled Cuban revolutionaries

Tamo je upoznao izgnane kubanske revolucionare

and decided to help them liberate their country.

i odlučio je da im pomogne da oslobode njihovu zemlju.

You mean help Fidel Castro turn a vibrant Cuba into a dictatorship.

Mislite, pomogao je Fidelu Kastru da živahnu Kubu pretvori u diktaturu.

Dictatorship was what Cuba had before the revolution.

Kuba je bila pod diktaturom i pre revolucije.

Fulgencio Batista was a tyrant who came to power in a military coup.

Fulgensio Batista je bio tiranin koji je na vlast došao vojnim pučem.

He turned Havana into a luxury playground for foreigners

Pretvorio je Havanu u skupocenu igraonicu za strance,

while keeping Cubans mired in poverty and killing thousands in police crackdowns.

držeći Kubance u bedi i ubijajući na hiljade u policijskim racijama.

Even President Kennedy called it the worst example

Čak je to i predsednik Kenedi nazvao najgorim primerom

of "economic colonization, humiliation, and exploitation in the world."

"ekonomske kolonizacije, poniženja i eksploatacije u svetu."

Whatever Batista's faults,

Kakve god bile Batistine greške,

it can't compare to the totalitarian nightmare Castro would create.

ne mogu da se porede sa totalitarističkom noćnom morom koju je Kastro stvorio.

Forced labor camps, torture of prisoners, no freedom to speak or to leave.

Prinudni radni logori, mučenje zatvorenika,

bez slobode govora ili odlaska.

But this isn't the trial of Fidel Castro, is it?

Međutim, ovo nije suđenje Fidelu Kastru, zar ne?

Che Guevara was instrumental in helping Castro seize power.

Če Gevara je bio ključna figura koja je pomogla Kastru da dođe na vlast.

As a commander in his guerilla army,

Kao zapovednik u njegovoj gerilskoj vojsci,

he unleashed a reign of terror across the countryside,

započeo je vladavinu užasa širom zemlje,

killing any suspected spies or dissenters.

ubijajući sve osumnjičene za špijunažu ili disidente.

He also helped peasants build health clinics and schools,

Takođe je pomagao seljacima da grade domove zdravlja i škole,

taught them to read,

učio ih je da čitaju,

and even recited poetry to them.

čak im je i poeziju čitao.

His harsh discipline was necessary against a much stronger enemy

Njegova stroga disciplina je bila nužna protiv mnogo jačeg neprijatelja

who didn't hesitate to burn entire villages suspected of aiding the rebels.

koji nije oklevao da spali čitava sela zbog sumnje da pomažu pobunjenicima.

Let's not forget that the new regime held mass executions

Ne zaboravimo da je novi režim vršio masovna pobugljenja

and killed hundreds of people without trial

i ubijao na stotine ljudi bez suđenja,

as soon as they took power in 1959.

čim su preuzeli vlast 1959.

The executed were officials and collaborators

Pogubljeni su bili zvaničnici i saradnici

who had tormented the masses under Batista.

koji su mučili mase pod Batistom.

The people supported this revolutionary justice.

Narod je podržavao ovu revolucionarnu pravdu.

Which people?

Koji narod?

An angry mob crying for blood does not a democracy make.

Gnevna rulja koja vapi za krvlju ne predstavlja demokratiju.

And that's not even mentioning the forced labor camps,

A da ne pominjemo prinudne radne logore,

arbitrary arrests,

proizvoljna hapšenja

and repression of LGBT people that continued long after the revolution.

i ugnjetavanja LGBT ljudi koja su nastavljena dugo nakon revolucije.

There's a reason people kept risking their lives to flee,

Postoji razlog zašto su ljudi rizikovali živote da pobegnu,

often with nothing but the clothes on their backs.

često samo sa odećom na sebi.

So was that all this Che brought to Cuba?

Dakle, da li je to sve što je Če doneo Kubi?

Just another violent dictatorship?

Tek još jednu nasilnu diktaturu?

Not at all.

Ni najmanje.

He oversaw land redistribution,

Nadgledao je preraspodelu zemlje,

helped established universal education,

pomogao je uspostavljanje univerzalnog obrazovanja

and organized volunteer literacy brigades that raised Cuba's literacy rate to 96%,

i organizovao je volonterske brigade opismenjavanja

koje su podigle stopu kubanske pismenosti na 96%,

still one of the highest in the world.

i dalje jednu od najvećih u svetu.

Which allowed the government to control what information everyone received.

Koja je omogućila vladi da kontroliše koje informacije svi dobijaju.

Guevara's idealistic incompetence as Finance Minister

Gevarina idealistička nesposobnost kao ministra finansija

caused massive drops in productivity

je uzrokovala ogroman pad u produktivnosti

when he replaced worker pay raises with moral certificates.

kada je zamenio povišicu plata za radnike moralnim sertifikatima.

He suppressed all press freedom,

Potiskivao je slobodu štampe,

declaring that newspapers were instruments of the oligarchy.

obznanjujući da su novine oruđe oligarhije.

And it was he who urged Castro to host Soviet nuclear weapons,

I on je taj koji je podsticao Kastra da prihvati sovjetsko nuklearno oružje,

leading to the Cuban Missile Crisis

što je dovelo do Kubanske raketne krize

that brought the world to the brink of destruction.

koja je dovela svet na rub uništenja.

He was a leader, not a bureaucrat.

Bio je vođa, a ne birokrata.

That's why he eventually left to spread the revolution abroad.

Zato je na kraju otišao da širi revoluciju preko granice.

Which didn't go well.

To nije dobro prošlo.

He failed to rally rebels in the Congo

Nije uspeo da ujedini pobunjenike u Kongu

and went to Bolivia even when the Soviets disapproved.

pa je otišao u Boliviju, čak iako se Sovjeti nisu slagali s tim.

The Bolivian Government, with the help of the CIA,

Bolivijska vlada je uz pomoć CIA-e

was able to capture and neutralize this terrorist in 1967,

uspela da zarobi i neutrališe ovog teroristu 1967,

before he could do much damage.

pre nego što je uspeo da nanese veću štetu.

While doing plenty of damage themselves in the process.

Istovremeno i sami nanoseći obilje štete.

So that was the end of it?

Dakle, tu se sve završava?

Not at all. As Che said, the revolution is immortal.

Ni najmanje. Kako je Če rekao, revolucija je besmrtna.

He was publicly mourned in cities all over the world.

Javno je oplakivan u gradovima širom sveta.

Not by the Cubans who managed to escape.

Ne od strane Kubanaca koji su uspeli da pobegnu.

And his story would inspire young activists for generations to come.

A njegova priča će da inspiriše mlade aktiviste u narednim generacijama.

Ha. A trendy symbol of rebellion for those who never had to live under his regime.

Ha! Pomodan simbol buntovništva onih koji nisu morali da žive pod njegovim režimom.

Symbols of revolution may become commodified,

Simboli revolucije mogu postati roba,

but the idea of a more just world remains.

ali zamisao o pravednijem svetu opstaje.

Maybe, but I'm not sharing my coffee.

Možda, ali ne delim svoju kafu.

Che Guevara was captured and executed by government forces in Bolivia.

Če Gevara je zarobljen i pogubljen od strane vladinih sila u Boliviji.

His remains would not be found for another 30 years.

Njegovi ostaci će ostati sakriveni u narednih 30 godina.

But did he die a hero or had he already become a villain?

Međutim, da li je umro kao junak ili se već bio pretvorio u zlikovca?

And should revolutions be judged by their ideals or their outcomes?

I da li bi revolucijama trebalo suditi po njihovim idealima ili ishodima?

These are the questions we face when we put history on trial.

Sa ovim pitanjima se suočavamo kad istoriju stavimo na suđenje.