Kabuki: The people's dramatic art - Amanda Mattes

Kabuki: dramska umetnost ljudi - Amanda Mets (Amanda Mattes)

1,002,511 views

2013-09-30 ・ TED-Ed


New videos

Kabuki: The people's dramatic art - Amanda Mattes

Kabuki: dramska umetnost ljudi - Amanda Mets (Amanda Mattes)

1,002,511 views ・ 2013-09-30

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Anja Saric Lektor: Mile Živković
00:06
Many elements of traditional Japanese culture,
0
6999
2491
Mnogi elementi tradicionalne japanske kulture,
00:09
such as cuisine
1
9490
1000
kao što su kuhinja
00:10
and martial arts,
2
10490
1060
i borilačke veštine,
00:11
are well-known throughout the world.
3
11550
2036
poznati su širom sveta.
00:13
Kabuki, a form of classical theater performance,
4
13586
2826
Kabuki, vrsta klasičnog pozorišnog izvođenja,
00:16
may not be as well understood in the West
5
16412
2384
možda nije najbolje shvaćena na Zapadu
00:18
but has evolved over 400 years
6
18796
1957
ali se razvija preko 400 godina
00:20
to still maintain influence and popularity to this day.
7
20753
3984
i dalje zadržava svoju popularnost i uticaj do danas.
00:24
The word Kabuki is derived
8
24737
1449
Reč "kabuki" potiče
00:26
from the Japanese verb kabuku,
9
26186
2171
od japanskog glagola "kabuku",
00:28
meaning out of the ordinary or bizarre.
10
28357
2601
koji označava nešto neobično ili bizarno.
00:30
Its history began in early 17th century Kyoto,
11
30958
3381
Njegova istorija počinje u ranom 17. veku u Kjotu,
00:34
where a shrine maiden named Izumo no Okuni
12
34339
2896
gde je devojka u svetilištu, Izumo no Okuni
00:37
would use the city's dry Kamo Riverbed as a stage
13
37235
3302
koristila isušeno rečno korito Kamoa kao pozornicu
00:40
to perform unusual dances for passerby,
14
40537
2931
za izvođenje neobičnih plesova za prolaznike
00:43
who found her daring parodies of Buddhist prayers
15
43468
2402
koji su smatrali njene parodije budističkih molitvi
00:45
both entertaining and mesmerizing.
16
45870
2542
zabavnim i opčinjavajućim.
00:48
Soon other troops began performing
17
48412
1805
Ubrzo su druge grupe počele da nastupaju
00:50
in the same style,
18
50217
1328
u istom stilu,
00:51
and Kabuki made history
19
51545
1541
i Kabuki je ušao u istoriju
00:53
as Japan's first dramatic performance form
20
53086
2463
kao prvi oblik japanske dramske umetnosti
00:55
catering to the common people.
21
55549
1949
izvođene za obično stanovištvo.
00:57
By relying on makeup, or keshou,
22
57498
2334
Oslanjajući se na šminku ili kešu,
00:59
and facial expressions instead of masks
23
59832
2464
i izraz lica umesto na maske
01:02
and focusing on historical events
24
62296
2084
i fokusirajući se na istorijske događaje
01:04
and everyday life rather than folk tales,
25
64380
2359
i svakodnevni život, umesto na narodne priče,
01:06
Kabuki set itself apart
26
66739
1474
Kabuki se razlikovao
01:08
from the upper-class dance theater form
27
68213
2057
od plesnog pozorišta više klase
01:10
known as Noh
28
70270
1282
poznatog kao Noh
01:11
and provided a unique commentary on society
29
71552
2579
i obezbedio jedinstveno tumačenje društva
01:14
during the Edo period.
30
74131
1982
tokom perioda Edo.
01:16
At first, the dance was practiced only by females
31
76113
2851
U početku su ples izvodile samo žene
01:18
and commonly referred to as Onna-Kabuki.
32
78964
3058
i zvao se Ona-Kabuki.
01:22
It soon evolved to an ensemble performance
33
82022
2605
Ubrzo se razvio u izvedbu ansambla
01:24
and became a regular attraction at tea houses,
34
84627
2422
i postao stalna atrakcija u čajdžinicama,
01:27
drawing audiences from all social classes.
35
87049
2686
privlačeći publiku svih društvenih slojeva.
01:29
At this point, Onna-Kabuki was often risque
36
89735
3096
U to doba, Ona-Kabuki bio je veoma smeo
01:32
as geishas performed not only to show off
37
92831
2462
jer su gejše nastupale ne samo da bi pokazale
01:35
their singing and dancing abilities
38
95293
1662
svoje pevačke i igračke sposobnosti
01:36
but also to advertise their bodies to potential clients.
39
96955
3429
već da bi reklamirale svoje telo potencijalnim klijentima.
01:40
A ban by the conservative Tokugawa shogunate
40
100384
3078
Zabrana konzervativnog šoguna Tokugava
01:43
in 1629
41
103462
1423
iz 1629.
01:44
led to the emergence of Wakashu-Kabuki
42
104885
2775
dovela je do pojave Vakašu-Kabukija
01:47
with young boys as actors.
43
107660
2005
sa mladim dečacima kao glumcima.
01:49
But when this was also banned for similar reasons,
44
109665
2867
Ali kada je i ovo zabranjeno iz sličnih razloga
01:52
there was a transition to Yaro-Kabuki,
45
112532
2589
dogodio se prelaz u Jaro-Kabuki,
01:55
performed by men,
46
115121
1008
izvođen od strane muškaraca
01:56
necessitating elaborate costumes and makeup
47
116129
2448
koji je zahtevao složene kostime i šminku
01:58
for those playing female roles,
48
118577
1971
za glumce koji su igrali ženske uloge,
02:00
or onnagata.
49
120548
1288
ili onagate.
02:01
Attempts by the government to control Kabuki
50
121836
2049
Pokušaji vlade da kontroliše Kabuki
02:03
didn't end with bans on the gender
51
123885
1869
nisu doveli do ograničenja u polu
02:05
or age of performers.
52
125754
1845
ili starosti glumaca.
02:07
The Tokugawa military group,
53
127599
1785
Vojna grupa Tokugava,
02:09
or Bakufu,
54
129384
1211
ili Bakufu,
02:10
was fueled by Confucian ideals
55
130595
1958
vođena Konfučijevskim idealima
02:12
and often enacted sanctions
56
132553
1547
često je uvodila sankcije
02:14
on costume fabrics,
57
134100
1340
na materijale kostima,
02:15
stage weaponry,
58
135440
1077
scensko oružje
02:16
and the subject matter of the plot.
59
136517
2088
i temu zapleta.
02:18
At the same time,
60
138605
947
U isto vreme,
02:19
Kabuki became closely associated with
61
139552
1965
Kabuki je postao usko povezan
02:21
and influenced by Bunraku,
62
141517
2029
i podložan uticaju Bunrakua,
02:23
an elaborate form of puppet theater.
63
143546
2624
složene vrste lutkarskog pozorišta.
02:26
Due to these influences,
64
146170
1542
Zbog ovih uticaja,
02:27
the once spontaneous, one-act dance
65
147712
2252
nekada spontani ples u jednom činu
02:29
evolved into a structured, five-act play
66
149964
3157
razvio se u strukturiranu predstavu od pet činova
02:33
often based on the tenets of Confucian philosophy.
67
153121
3791
često baziranu na principima Konfučijeve filozofije.
02:36
Before 1868, when the Tokugawa shogunate fell
68
156912
3740
Pre 1868, kada je šogun Tokugava svrgnut
02:40
and Emperor Meiji was restored to power,
69
160652
2149
i imperator Meiđi vraćen na vlast,
02:42
Japan had practiced isolation from other countries,
70
162801
2869
Japan je vršio izolaciju od drugih zemalja
02:45
or Sakoku.
71
165670
1245
ili Sakoku.
02:46
And thus, the development of Kabuki
72
166915
1598
Tako da je razvoj Kabukija
02:48
had mostly been shaped by domestic influences.
73
168513
2984
u najvećem delu oblikovan domaćim uticajima.
02:51
But even before this period,
74
171497
1667
Ali čak i pre ovog perioda,
02:53
European artists, such as Claude Monet,
75
173164
2557
evropski umetnici, kao što je Klod Mone,
02:55
had become interested in
76
175721
1428
zainteresovali su se
i bivali inspirisani japanskom umetnošću,
02:57
and inspired by Japanese art,
77
177149
1678
02:58
such as woodblock prints,
78
178827
1815
kao što je rezbarenje na drvenim pločama,
03:00
as well as live performance.
79
180642
1734
i izvođenje uživo.
03:02
After 1868, others such as Vincent van Gogh
80
182376
3121
Nakon 1868., drugi umetnici, kao Vinsent van Gog
03:05
and composer Claude Debussy
81
185497
2074
ili kompozitor Klod Debisi
03:07
began to incorporate Kabuki influences in their work,
82
187571
2938
počeli su da inkorporiraju uticaj Kabukija u svoj rad,
03:10
while Kabuki itself underwent
83
190509
1542
dok je sam Kabuki pretrpeo
03:12
much change and experimentation
84
192051
1889
mnoge promene i eksperimente
03:13
to adapt to the new modern era.
85
193940
2223
kako bi se prilagodio modernom dobu.
03:16
Like other traditional art forms,
86
196163
1729
Kao druge tradicionalne vrste umetnosti,
03:17
Kabuki suffered in popularity
87
197892
1726
Kabuki je izgubio na popularnosti
03:19
in the wake of World War II.
88
199618
1793
početkom drugog svetskog rata.
03:21
But innovation by artists
89
201411
1412
Ali inovacije umetnika,
03:22
such as director Tetsuji Takechi
90
202823
2252
kao što je reditelj Tetsudži Takeči,
03:25
led to a resurgence shortly after.
91
205075
2792
dovele su brzog ponovnog oživljavanja.
03:27
Indeed, Kabuki was even considered
92
207867
1894
Zaista, Kabuki se čak smatrao
03:29
a popular form of entertainment
93
209761
1571
popularnom vrstom zabave
03:31
amongst American troops stationed in Japan
94
211332
2399
među američkim trupama u Japanu
03:33
despite initial U.S. censorship
95
213731
2036
uprkos početnoj cenzuri japanske tradicije
03:35
of Japanese traditions.
96
215767
1788
od strane SAD-a.
03:37
Today, Kabuki still lives on
97
217555
1521
Danas, Kabuki i dalje živi
03:39
as an integral part of Japan's rich cultural heritage,
98
219076
3258
kao integralni deo bogatog kulturnog nasleđa Japana
03:42
extending its influence beyond the stage
99
222334
2161
šireći svoje uticaje van pozornice
03:44
to television,
100
224495
825
do televizije,
03:45
film,
101
225320
557
03:45
and anime.
102
225877
1080
filma,
i animea.
03:46
The art form pioneered by Okuni
103
226957
2176
Vrsta umetnosti čije je put raskrčila Okuni
03:49
continues to delight audiences
104
229133
1708
nastavlja da oduševljava publiku
03:50
with the actors' elaborate makeup,
105
230841
1749
sa komplikovanom šminkom glumaca,
03:52
extravagant and delicately embroidered costumes,
106
232590
3006
ekstravagantnim i delikatno izvezenim kostimima,
03:55
and the unmistakable melodrama
107
235596
2264
i nepogrešivom melodramom
03:57
of the stories told on stage.
108
237860
1451
priča koje su ispričane na bini.
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7