Can you outsmart the fallacy that divided a nation? - Elizabeth Cox

705,879 views ・ 2022-02-01

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Jovana Babic Lektor: Milenka Okuka
00:10
What, you want my milkshake? Here.
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Šta je bilo? Hoćeš moj milkšejk? Izvoli.
00:19
“It’s 1819.
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„Godina je 1819.
00:21
As the United States Congress prepares to make Missouri
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Dok se Kongres SAD-a priprema da učini Misuri
00:24
the 24th state in the Union,
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24. državom u Uniji,
00:26
Representative James Tallmage Jr. delivers a speech.
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predstavnik Džejms Tolmadž je održao govor.
00:30
He says slavery is morally wrong,
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On tvrdi da je ropstvo moralno pogrešno,
00:33
calling it an ‘abomination’ and a ‘monstrous scourge.’
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nazivajući ga ‘gnusnim’ i ‘monstruoznim bičem’.
00:37
He insists that ‘the extension of the evil must now be prevented,’
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On instistira da se ‘širenje zla sada mora zaustaviti’
00:42
and that slavery shouldn’t be allowed in Missouri, or any new state.”
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i da se ropstvo ne sme proširiti na Misuri ili bilo koju novu državu.”
00:47
Obviously.
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Očigledno.
00:49
“Representative Tyler disagrees.
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„Predstavnik Tajler se ne slaže.
00:51
He believes it is a state’s right to choose whether or not to allow slavery.
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On veruje da svaka država ima pravo da bira da li je ropstvo dozvoljeno
00:56
He doesn’t think the federal government can prohibit slavery
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i da federalna vlada ne može da zabrani ropstvo
00:58
in any newly added states.”
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bilo kojoj novoj državi članici.”
01:01
Whaaaaat?
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Molim?
01:02
“Senator Thomas proposes what he sees as a compromise:
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„Senator Tomas predlaže svoju verziju kompromisa:
01:06
Missouri will join the union along with another state, Maine.
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Misuri će se priključiti uniji zajedno sa još jednom državom, Mejnom.
01:10
Slavery will be allowed in Missouri and prohibited in Maine.
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Ropstvo će biti dozvoljeno u Misuriju, a zabranjeno u Mejnu.
01:14
He also suggests drawing a line through territories yet to become states:
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On je za postojanje granice između teritorija koje još nisu postale države:
01:18
slavery will be prohibited north of the line, and allowed south of it.”
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sa tim da će ropstvo biti zabranjeno severno, a dozvoljeno južno od nje.”
01:23
And this is where I have to draw the line.
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Ovde ja moram da podvučem crtu.
01:39
That’s better.
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Tako je bolje.
01:40
Now, senators, congressmen,
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Sada, senatori, kongresmeni,
01:43
this Missouri compromise you are proposing is fundamentally flawed—
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ovaj kompromis za Misuri koji predlažete je, blago rečeno,
01:48
flawed is putting it mildly.
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u srži pogrešan.
01:50
The compromise is based on the middle ground fallacy.
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On je baziran na grešci nazvanoj zlatna sredina.
01:54
By saying that half of the new territories should allow slavery
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Tvrdeći da bi pola novih teritorija trebalo da dozvoli ropstvo,
01:58
while half prohibit it,
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a druga polovina zabrani,
02:00
you position the two viewpoints, pro-slavery and anti-slavery,
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ti razmatraš dve tačke gledišta, za i protiv ropstva,
02:05
as equally valid.
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kao jednako opravdane.
02:07
But if one view is wrong, while the other is right,
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Ali ako je jedna tačka gledišta pogrešna, dok je druga tačna,
02:10
a compromise between them is still wrong.
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kompromis između njih je i dalje pogrešan.
02:14
And one side is definitely wrong here: the pro-slavery side.
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A jedna strana ovde definitivno nije u pravu: ona koja podržava ropstvo.
02:20
The whole reason this government exists,
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Čitava poenta postojanja vlade
02:23
the whole reason states exist at all, is to serve the people.
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kao i poenta postojanja države je da služi ljudima.
02:28
That should include all people.
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I to bi trebalo da uključuje sve ljude.
02:31
Now, I know there are those among you who would argue otherwise,
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Ja znam da među vama postoje oni koji se ne slažu sa tim,
02:35
even among those in favor of ending slavery.
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čak i među onima koji su za obustavu ropstva.
02:38
In response to your many contorted arguments, all of them wrong,
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Kao odgovor na vaše mnoge izopačene argumente, koji su svi pogrešni,
02:43
I offer this reminder:
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podsećam vas:
02:45
the idea that slavery is morally indefensible is not new to you.
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ideja da se ropstvo ne može moralno opravdati nije vam nova.
02:51
The founders of your country knew it and many even acknowledged it publicly,
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Osnivači vaše države su to znali, a dosta njih je to i javno priznalo,
02:56
even those of them who enslaved other people themselves.
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čak i oni koji su posedovali robove.
03:00
It’s clear that the errors and delusions on this subject
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Jasno je da greške i obmane koje okružuju ovu tematiku
03:03
go far beyond the middle ground fallacy,
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prevazilaze zlatnu sredinu,
03:06
but I call your attention to this particular fallacy
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ali ja vas upućujem na baš ovaj tip logičke greške
03:10
because it can have dire consequences in many situations.
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jer on može imati zastrašujuće posledice u mnogim situacijama.
03:14
Failure to recognize the fact that a compromise between two positions,
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Nemogućnost prepoznavanja činjenice da kompromis između dve strane
03:19
one of which is morally indefensible, is also morally indefensible,
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od kojih je jedna moralno neodbranjiva, takođe je moralno neodbranjivo
03:25
has helped to perpetuate countless injustices large and small.
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i pomoglo je da se ovekoveče brojne neprevde, kako velike, tako i male.
03:29
Even well-intentioned people— which rest assured,
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Čak i ljudi sa dobrim namerama- za koje, verujte mi,
03:32
I don’t mistake you for— fall prey to this fallacy,
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vas uopšte ne smatram- lako podležu ovom tipu logičke greške,
03:37
because you humans tend to view compromise as a virtue unto itself.
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jer vi ljudi posmatrate kompromis kao dobru stvar.
03:44
“It’s March 1861.
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„Mart je 1861. godine.
03:46
Seven states have seceded from the Union
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Sedam država je napustilo Uniju
03:48
since Abraham Lincoln was elected president.
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od kako je Abraham Linkoln izabran za predsednika.
03:51
As Lincoln takes office with four more states threatening to leave,
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Posle njegovog dolaska na vlast još četiri države su pretile napuštanjem,
03:55
he promises not to interfere with slavery in states where it exists,
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a on je obećao da se neće mešati u pitanje ropstva u državama gde ono već postoji,
03:59
but to prohibit its expansion into new territories and states.”
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ali će zabraniti njegovo širenje na nove teritorije i države.”
04:03
“It’s April 1861, and a Civil War has broken out over slavery.”
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„April je 1861. godine i izbio je Građanski rat oko pitanja ropstva.”
04:09
Some things can't be resolved with a compromise.
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Neki problemi se ne mogu rešiti kompromisom.
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