If superpowers were real: Body mass - Joy Lin

Kada bi supermoći bile stvarne: telesna masa - Džoj Lin (Joy Lin)

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Anja Saric

Some superheroes can grow

Neki heroji mogu da narastu

to the size of a building at will.

do veličine zgrade kada požele.

That's very intimidating!

To je veoma zastrašujuće!

But a scientist must ask

Ali naučnik mora da se zapita

where the extra material is coming from.

odakle potiče taj dodatni materijal.

The Law of Conservation of Mass implies

Zakon održanja mase kaže

that mass can neither be created

da masa ne može da se stvori

nor destroyed,

ni uništi,

which means that our hero's mass

što znači da se masa našeg heroja

will not change just because his size changes.

neće promeniti samo zato što se menja njegova veličina.

For instance, when we bake a fluffy sponge cake,

Na primer, kada pravimo paperjasti biskvit,

iako je ukusna poslastica koju dobijemo

even though the resulting delicious treat

is much bigger in size than the cake batter

puno veća od testa

that went into the oven,

koje je ubačeno u rernu,

the weight of the cake batter should still equal

težina testa bi svejedno trebalo biti jednaka

the weight of the cake

težini kolača

plus the moisture that has evaporated.

plus vlazi koja je isparila.

In a chemical equation,

U hemijskim jednačinama,

molecules rearrange to make new compounds,

molekuli se preraspoređuju da naprave nova jedinjenja,

but all the components should still be accounted for.

ali još uvek moraju biti prisutne sve komponente.

When our hero expands

Kada se naš heroj rastegne

from 6 feet tall

sa 180cm

to 18 feet tall,

na 5,5 metara visine,

his height triples.

njegova visina se utrostručuje.

Galileo's Square Cube Law says

Galilejev zakon kvadrata na kub kaže

his weight will be 27

da će njegova težina biti 27 puta -

- 3 times 3 times 3 equals 27 -

3 puta 3 puta 3 je 27 puta više

times his regular weight

od njegove redovne težine

since he has to expand in all three dimensions.

pošto mora da se raširi u sve tri dimenzije.

So, when our superhero transforms into a giant,

Kada se naš superheroj pretvori u džina,

we are dealing with two possibilities.

postoje dve mogućnosti.

Our hero towering at 18 feet

Naš heroj ima 5,5 metara

still only weighs 200 pounds,

i još uvek ima 90kg,

the original weight in this human form.

što je njegova prvobitna ljudska težina.

Now, option two, our hero weighs 5,400 pounds

U opciji broj dva, naš heroj ima 2450kg,

- 200 pounds times 27 equals 5,400 pounds -

90kg puta 27 jednako je 2450kg -

when he is 18 feet tall,

kada ima 5,5 metara visine,

which means he also weighs 5,400 pounds

što znači da tu težinu ima

when he is 6 feet tall.

i kada ima 180cm visine.

Niko ne može da uđe u lift sa njime

Nobody can get in the same elevator with him

without the alarm going off.

a da se ne oglasi alarm.

Now, option two seems a little more

Opcija dva se čini kao da je

scientifically plausible,

naučno verovatnija,

but it begs the question,

ali ističe pitanje -

how does he ever walk through the park

kako on može da prođe kroz park

without sinking into the ground

a da ne potone u zemlju

since the pressure he is exerting on the soil

pošto se pritisak koji on vrši na tlo

računa tako što se njegova masa

is calculated by his mass

divided by the area of the bottom of his feet?

podeli sa površinom na dnu njegovih stopala?

And what kind of super socks and super shoes

I kakve super čarape i cipele

is he putting on his feet to withstand all the friction

obuva na svoja stopala kada mogu da izdrže svo trenje

that results from dragging his 5,400 pound body

koje nastaje od tegljenja njegovog tela od 2450kg

against the road when he runs?

po putu kada on potrči?

And can he even run?

Da li on uopšte može da trči?

And I won't even ask how he finds pants

Neću ni da pitam kako pronalazi pantalone

flexible enough to withstand the expansion.

koje su dovoljno rastegljive da izdrže širenje.

Now, let's explore the density

Hajde sada da istražimo gustinu

of the two options mentioned above.

za pomenute dve opcije.

Density is defined as mass divided by volume.

Gustina se definiše kao masa podeljena sa zapreminom.

The human body is made out of bones and flesh,

Ljudsko telo sastoji se iz kosti i mesa,

which has a relatively set density.

koje imaju prilično tačno određenu gustinu.

In option one, if the hero weighs 200 pounds all the time,

U prvoj opciji, ako heroj stalno ima 90kg,

then he would be bones and flesh at normal size.

onda bi njegove kosti i meso bili normalne veličine.

When he expands to a bigger size

Kada se proširi na veću veličinu,

while still weighing 200 pounds,

a da još uvek ima 90kg,

he essentially turns himself

zapravo sebe pretvara

into a giant, fluffy teddy bear.

u ogromnog pufnastog medveda igračku.

In option two, if the hero weighs

U opciji broj dva, ako heroj stalno

5,400 pounds all the time,

ima 2450kg,

then he would be bones and flesh at 18 feet

onda bi bio kosti i meso na 5,5 metara visine

with 5,400 pounds of weight supported by two legs.

sa 2450kg težine koju drže dve noge.

The weight would be exerted on the leg bones

Težinu bi održavale kosti nogu

na različitim uglovima dok se kreće.

at different angles as he moves.

Bones, while hard, are not malleable,

Iako su čvrste, kosti nisu savitljive,

meaning they do not bend,

što znači da se ne krive

so they break easily.

i lako pucaju.

The tendons would also be at risk of tearing.

Tetive bi se takođe lako pokidale.

Tall buildings stay standing

Visoke zgrade stoje u mestu

because they have steel frames

jer imaju čelične okvire

and do not run and jump around in the jungle.

i na trče i ne skaču po džungli.

Our hero, on the other hand,

Sa druge strane, naš junak,

one landing at a bad angle

dovoljno je da se jednom dočeka na noge pod lošim uglom

and he's down.

i pao je.

Assuming his bodily function is the same as any mammal's,

Pod pretpostavkom da su mu funkcije tela iste kao kod drugih sisara,

his heart would need to pump a large amount of blood

njegovo srce moralo bi da pumpa velike količine krvi

throughout his body to provide enough oxygen

kroz telo kako bi obezbedilo dovoljno kiseonika

for him to move 5,400 pounds of body weight around.

da pokreće njegovo telo od 2450kg.

This would take tremendous energy,

Ovo bi zahtevalo neverovatnu energiju

which he would need to provide

koju bi morao da dobije

by consuming 27 times 3,000 calories of food every day.

konzumiranjem 27 puta 3000 kalorija iz hrane svakog dana.

Now, that is roughly 150 Big Macs.

To je oko 150 Bigmekova.

27 times 3,000 calculated equals

27 puta 3000 jednako je

81,000 calculated slash 550 calories

81 000 podeljeno sa 550 kalorija,

equals 147.

to je 147.

He wouldn't have time to fight crime

Ne bi imao vremena da se bori sa zločinom

because he would be eating all the time

pošto bi stalno jeo

and working a 9-to-5 job

i radio od 9 do 5

in order to afford all the food he eats.

kako bi priuštio svu hranu koju jede.

And what about superheroes

A šta je sa superherojima

who can turn their bodies into rocks or sand?

koji mogu svoja tela da pretvore u stene ili pesak?

Well, everything on Earth is made out of elements.

Pa, sve na Zemlji sačinjeno je od elemenata.

And what defines each element

Ono što definiše svaki element

is the number of protons in the nucleus.

je broj protona u jezgru.

That is how our periodic table is organized.

Tako je organizovan naš periodni sistem.

Hydrogen has one proton,

Vodonik ima jedan proton,

helium, two protons,

helijum ima dva,

lithium, three protons,

litijum tri protona,

and so on.

i tako dalje.

The primary component of the most common form

Primarni sastojak najčešćeg oblika peska

of sand is silicon dioxide.

je silicijum dioksid.

Meanwhile, the human body consists of

Sa druge strane, ljudsko telo se sastoji

65% oxygen,

od 65% kiseonika,

18% carbon,

18% ugljenika,

10% hydrogen,

10% vodonika

and 7% of various other elements

i 7% raznih drugih elemenata,

including 0.002% of silicon.

uključujući i 0,002% silicijuma.

In a chemical reaction,

U hemijskoj reakciji,

the elements recombine to make new compounds.

elementi se kombinuju kako bi napravili nova jedinjenja.

So, where is he getting all this silicon

Odakle mu onda sav taj silicijum

necessary to make the sand?

koji je potreban da se napravi pesak?

Sure, we can alter elements

Naravno, možemo izmeniti elemente

by nuclear fusion or nuclear fission.

putem nuklearne fuzije ili fisije.

However, nuclear fusion requires so much heat,

Ipak, nuklearna fuzija zahteva toliko toplote

the only natural occurrence of this process is in stars.

da je jedina prirodna pojava ovog procesa u zvezdama.

In order to utilize fusion in a short amount of time,

Kako bi se iskoristila fuzija u kratkom vremenskom roku,

the temperature of the area

temperatura površine

needs to be hotter than the Sun.

mora da bude vrelija od Sunca.

Every innocent bystander will be burned to a crisp.

Svaki nevini posmatrač bio bi potpuno spržen.

Rapid nuclear fission is not any better

Brza nuklearna fisija nije ništa bolja

since it often results in many radioactive particles.

pošto često za posledicu ima mnogo radioaktivnih čestica.

Our hero would become

Naš heroj bi postao

a walking, talking nuclear power plant,

nuklearna elektrana koja hoda i priča

ultimately harming every person he tries to save.

i na kraju bi naškodio svakoj osobi koju pokuša da spasi.

And do you really want the heat of the Sun

A da li zaita želite vrelinu Sunca

or a radioactive nuclear plant inside of your body?

ili radioaktivnu nuklearnu elektranu unutar vašeg tela?

Now, which superpower physics lesson

Sada, koju ćete lekciju o supermoćima iz fizike

will you explore next?

istražiti nakon ove?

Shifting body size and content,

Menjanje veličine i sadržaja tela,

super speed,

superbrzina,

flight,

let,

super strength,

nadljudska snaga,

immortality,

besmrtnost

and

ili

invisibility.

nevidljivost.