If superpowers were real: Body mass - Joy Lin

Če bi nadnaravne moči obstajale: Telesna masa - Joy Lin

Translator: Klavdija Cernilogar Reviewer: Nika Kotnik

Some superheroes can grow

Nekateri junaki lahko postanejo

to the size of a building at will.

veliki kot hiša, če hočejo.

That's very intimidating!

To je prav strašljivo!

But a scientist must ask

A znanstvenik se bo vprašal,

where the extra material is coming from.

od kod ves ta dodatni material.

The Law of Conservation of Mass implies

Zakon o ohranitvi mase pravi,

that mass can neither be created

da se mase ne da ustvariti

nor destroyed,

niti uničiti,

which means that our hero's mass

kar pomeni, da se junakova masa

will not change just because his size changes.

ne bo spremenila, tudi če se on poveča.

For instance, when we bake a fluffy sponge cake,

Recimo, ko spečemo rahel biskvit,

even though the resulting delicious treat

je okusen pečeni posladek

is much bigger in size than the cake batter

veliko večji od testa,

that went into the oven,

ki smo ga dali v pečico,

the weight of the cake batter should still equal

a teža testa bi morala ostati enaka

the weight of the cake

teži peciva,

plus the moisture that has evaporated.

če dodamo izparelo vlago.

In a chemical equation,

V kemijskih enačbah

molecules rearrange to make new compounds,

se molekule razporedijo v nove spojine,

but all the components should still be accounted for.

a izgubiti se ne sme nobena.

When our hero expands

Ko naš junak zraste

from 6 feet tall

z 1,80 metra

to 18 feet tall,

na 5,5 metra,

his height triples.

postane trikrat višji.

Galileo's Square Cube Law says

Galilejev zakon o razmerju med površino in prostornino

his weight will be 27

pravi, da bo 27-krat težji

- 3 times 3 times 3 equals 27 -

(3 x 3 x 3 = 27)

times his regular weight

od prvotne teže,

since he has to expand in all three dimensions.

saj se poveča v vseh treh dimenzijah.

So, when our superhero transforms into a giant,

Ko naš junak postane velikan,

we are dealing with two possibilities.

sta torej dve možnosti.

Our hero towering at 18 feet

Pri višini 5,5 metra

still only weighs 200 pounds,

bo še vedno težak le 100 kg,

the original weight in this human form.

kolikor je tehtal prej.

Now, option two, our hero weighs 5,400 pounds

Ali pa bo težak 2700 kg

- 200 pounds times 27 equals 5,400 pounds -

(100 kg x 27 = 2700 kg ),

when he is 18 feet tall,

pri dobrih petih metrih višine,

which means he also weighs 5,400 pounds

kar pomeni, da tehta 2700 kg,

when he is 6 feet tall.

tudi ko je visok le 1,80 metra.

Nobody can get in the same elevator with him

Nihče ne more v dvigalo z njim,

without the alarm going off.

ne da bi sprožil alarm.

Now, option two seems a little more

Druga možnost se zdi znanstveno

scientifically plausible,

malce bolj verjetna,

but it begs the question,

a postavi se vprašanje,

how does he ever walk through the park

kako lahko gre skozi park,

without sinking into the ground

ne da bi se pogreznil v tla,

since the pressure he is exerting on the soil

saj je pritisk na podlago

is calculated by his mass

količnik njegove mase

divided by the area of the bottom of his feet?

in površine njegovih podplatov.

And what kind of super socks and super shoes

In kakšne super nogavice in čevlje

is he putting on his feet to withstand all the friction

mora imeti, da preživi trenje s tlemi,

that results from dragging his 5,400 pound body

ki nastane, ko svojih 2700 kg

against the road when he runs?

s tekom premika naprej?

And can he even run?

Ali sploh lahko teče?

And I won't even ask how he finds pants

Da sploh ne vprašam, kje najde take hlače,

flexible enough to withstand the expansion.

da se razširijo, ko se on poveča.

Now, let's explore the density

Poglejmo še gostoto

of the two options mentioned above.

obeh zgornjih možnosti.

Density is defined as mass divided by volume.

Gostota je količnik mase in prostornine.

The human body is made out of bones and flesh,

Človeško telo sestavljajo kosti in meso,

which has a relatively set density.

kar ima relativno stalno gostoto.

In option one, if the hero weighs 200 pounds all the time,

Pri prvi možnosti ima junak vedno 100 kg

then he would be bones and flesh at normal size.

in pri normalni velikosti so ga same kosti in meso.

When he expands to a bigger size

Ko se poveča,

while still weighing 200 pounds,

še vedno pri teži 100 kg,

he essentially turns himself

se v bistvu spremeni

into a giant, fluffy teddy bear.

v velikanskega puhastega medveda.

In option two, if the hero weighs

Če pa junak ves čas tehta

5,400 pounds all the time,

2700 kg,

then he would be bones and flesh at 18 feet

bo iz kosti in mesa pri 5,5 metra

with 5,400 pounds of weight supported by two legs.

in dve nogi bosta nosili teh 2700 kg.

The weight would be exerted on the leg bones

Noge bodo med hojo težo čutile

pod različnimi koti.

at different angles as he moves.

Bones, while hard, are not malleable,

Kosti so trdne, niso pa prožne,

meaning they do not bend,

se pravi, da se ne upognejo

so they break easily.

in se hitro zlomijo.

The tendons would also be at risk of tearing.

Tudi vezi bi se lahko raztrgale.

Tall buildings stay standing

Visoke stavbe zdržijo,

because they have steel frames

ker imajo jeklen okvir

and do not run and jump around in the jungle.

in ne tekajo in skačejo po džungli.

Our hero, on the other hand,

Naš junak pa

one landing at a bad angle

bo v težavah,

and he's down.

če pristane pod napačnim kotom.

Assuming his bodily function is the same as any mammal's,

Če ima telesne funkcije kot sesalci,

his heart would need to pump a large amount of blood

mora njegovo srce prečrpati veliko krvi

throughout his body to provide enough oxygen

skozi telo, da priskrbi kisik,

for him to move 5,400 pounds of body weight around.

tako da svojih 2700 kg sploh lahko premika.

This would take tremendous energy,

To zahteva neznansko veliko energije,

which he would need to provide

ki jo bo dobil le,

by consuming 27 times 3,000 calories of food every day.

če poje za 27 x 3000 kalorij hrane na dan.

Now, that is roughly 150 Big Macs.

To je okoli 150 big macov.

27 times 3,000 calculated equals

27 x 3000 je 81000,

81,000 calculated slash 550 calories

81000 deljeno s 550 kalorij

equals 147.

pa je 147.

He wouldn't have time to fight crime

Ne bi se mogel boriti s kriminalci,

because he would be eating all the time

ker bi ves čas jedel

and working a 9-to-5 job

in delal po osem ur na dan,

in order to afford all the food he eats.

da bi si lahko kupil vso to hrano.

And what about superheroes

Kaj pa junaki,

who can turn their bodies into rocks or sand?

ki se lahko spremenijo v kamen ali pesek?

Well, everything on Earth is made out of elements.

Vse na Zemlji je iz elementov.

And what defines each element

Vsak element določa

število protonov v jedru.

is the number of protons in the nucleus.

That is how our periodic table is organized.

Tako je sestavljen periodni sistem elementov.

Hydrogen has one proton,

Vodik ima en proton,

helium, two protons,

helij ima dva,

lithium, three protons,

litij ima tri protone

and so on.

in tako naprej.

The primary component of the most common form

Temeljna sestavina najobičajnejšega peska

of sand is silicon dioxide.

je silicijev dioksid (kremen).

Meanwhile, the human body consists of

Človeško telo pa je sestavljeno

65% oxygen,

iz 65% kisika,

18% carbon,

18% ogljika,

10% hydrogen,

10% vodika

and 7% of various other elements

in 7% drugih elementov,

including 0.002% of silicon.

tudi 0,002% silicija.

In a chemical reaction,

V kemijskih reakcijah

the elements recombine to make new compounds.

se elementi prerazporedijo v nove spojine.

So, where is he getting all this silicon

Odkod junak dobi ves ta silicij,

necessary to make the sand?

ki je potreben za pesek?

Sure, we can alter elements

Seveda lahko elemente spremenimo

by nuclear fusion or nuclear fission.

z jedrsko fuzijo ali jedrsko fizijo.

However, nuclear fusion requires so much heat,

A jedrska fuzija potrebuje toliko vročine,

the only natural occurrence of this process is in stars.

da se lahko sama zgodi le v zvezdah.

In order to utilize fusion in a short amount of time,

Za kratkotrajno fuzijo

the temperature of the area

bi morala temperatura okolice

needs to be hotter than the Sun.

biti višja od tiste na Soncu.

Every innocent bystander will be burned to a crisp.

Vsi opazovalci bodo pečeni kot čips.

Rapid nuclear fission is not any better

Hitra jedrska fizija ni nič boljša,

since it often results in many radioactive particles.

ker pogosto ustvari radioaktivne delce.

Our hero would become

Naš junak bi postal

a walking, talking nuclear power plant,

hodeča in govoreča jedrska elektrarna

ultimately harming every person he tries to save.

in bi poškodoval vse, ki jih hoče rešiti.

And do you really want the heat of the Sun

Si v telesu res želite Sončevo vročino

or a radioactive nuclear plant inside of your body?

ali radioaktivno jedrsko elektrarno?

Now, which superpower physics lesson

Katero nadnaravno moč

will you explore next?

boste raziskali zdaj?

Shifting body size and content,

Spreminjanje velikosti in sestave telesa,,

super speed,

super hitrost,

flight,

letenje,

super strength,

nadnaravno moč,

immortality,

nesmrtnost

and

in

invisibility.

nevidnost.