A brief history of goths - Dan Adams

Kratka istorija gotike - Den Adams (Dan Adams)

3,861,099 views ・ 2017-05-18

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković
00:09
What do fans of atmospheric post-punk music
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Šta ljubitelji atmosferične postpank muzike
00:12
have in common with ancient barbarians?
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imaju zajedničko sa drevnim varvarima?
00:15
Not much.
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Ne mnogo.
00:16
So why are both known as goths?
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Pa, zašto i jedne i druge znamo kao "gote"?
00:20
Is it a weird coincidence
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Je li to čudna slučajnost
00:21
or a deeper connection stretching across the centuries?
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ili dublja veza koja seže vekovima?
00:26
The story begins in Ancient Rome.
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Priča počinje u antičkom Rimu.
00:28
As the Roman Empire expanded, it faced raids and invasions
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Kako se Rimsko carstvo širilo, suočavalo se sa pljačkama i invazijama
00:32
from the semi-nomadic populations along its borders.
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od strane polunomadskih naroda duž rimskih granica.
00:36
Among the most powerful were a Germanic people known as Goths
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Jedni od najmoćnijih su bili germanski narodi, poznati kao Goti,
00:41
who were composed of two tribal groups,
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koje su sačinjavala dva plemena:
00:43
the Visigoths
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Vizigoti
00:45
and Ostrogoths.
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i Ostrogoti.
00:47
While some of the Germanic tribes remained Rome's enemies,
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Dok su neka od germanskih plemena ostala rimski neprijatelji,
00:50
the Empire incorporated others into the imperial army.
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Carstvo je druge uključilo u svoju carsku armiju.
00:55
As the Roman Empire split in two,
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Kada se Rimsko carstvo raspalo na dva dela,
00:57
these tribal armies played larger roles in its defense
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ove plemenske armije su odigrale veće uloge u njegovoj odbrani
01:01
and internal power struggles.
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i u unutrašnjim previranjima.
01:04
In the 5th century, a mercenary revolt lead by a soldier named Odoacer
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U petom veku, u pobuni plaćenika, koju je predvodio vojnik po imenu Odoakar,
01:08
captured Rome and deposed the Western Emperor.
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osvojen je Rim i svrgnut car Zapadnog rimskog carstva.
01:13
Odoacer and his Ostrogoth successor Theoderic
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Odoakar i njegov ostrogotski naslednik Teodorih
01:15
technically remained under the Eastern Emperor's authority
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su tehnički ostali pod vlašću cara Istočnog rimskog carstva
01:19
and maintained Roman traditions.
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i zadržali su rimsku tradiciju.
01:22
But the Western Empire would never be united again.
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Međutim, Zapadno carstvo nikad više neće biti ujedinjeno.
01:26
Its dominions fragmented into kingdoms ruled by Goths
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Njegove oblasti su iscepkane u kraljevstva kojima su vladali Goti
01:29
and other Germanic tribes
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i druga germanska plemena
01:31
who assimilated into local cultures,
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koja su se asimilovala s lokalnim kulturama,
01:34
though many of their names still mark the map.
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iako su mnoga njihova imena i dalje bila obeležja na mapama.
01:38
This was the end of the Classical Period
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Ovo je bio kraj klasičnog perioda
01:40
and the beginning of what many call the Dark Ages.
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i početak nečega što mnogi nazivaju mračnim dobom.
01:43
Although Roman culture was never fully lost,
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Iako rimska kultura nikad nije potpuno nestala,
01:46
its influence declined and new art styles arose
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njen uticaj je slabio i nastajali su novi umetnički oblici
01:50
focused on religious symbolism and allegory
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koji su se usredsređivali na religijsku simboliku i alegoriju,
01:53
rather than proportion and realism.
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pre nego na proporcije i realizam.
01:56
This shift extended to architecture
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Promena se proširila na arhitekturu
01:58
with the construction of the Abbey of Saint Denis in France in 1137.
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izgradnjom Bazilike Sen Deni u Francuskoj 1137.
02:04
Pointed arches, flying buttresses, and large windows
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Zbog strmih svodova, potpornih polulukova i velikih prozora
02:07
made the structure more skeletal and ornate.
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građevina je više ličila na kostur i bila je ukrašenija.
02:11
That emphasized its open, luminous interior
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To je naglašavalo njenu otvorenu, svetlu unutrašnjost,
02:14
rather than the sturdy walls and columns of Classical buildings.
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nasuprot čvrstim zidovima i stubovima klasičnih zgrada.
02:19
Over the next few centuries,
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U narednih nekoliko vekova,
02:21
this became a model for Cathedrals throughout Europe.
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ovo je postao uzor za katedrale širom Evrope.
02:25
But fashions change.
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Međutim, moda se menja.
02:26
With the Italian Renaissance's renewed admiration for Ancient Greece and Rome,
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S obnovljenim divljenjem italijanske renesanse za antičku Grčku i Rim,
02:31
the more recent style began to seem crude and inferior in comparison.
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najnoviji stil je počeo da izgleda grubo i inferiorno u odnosu na klasični.
02:36
Writing in his 1550 book, "Lives of the Artists,"
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Pišući svoju knjigu iz 1550, "Životi umetnika",
02:40
Giorgio Vasari was the first to describe it as Gothic,
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Đorđo Vasari je prvi opisao taj stil kao gotski,
02:45
a derogatory reference to the Barbarians
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što je bila prezriva aluzija na Varvare
02:47
thought to have destroyed Classical civilization.
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za koje se smatralo da su uništili klasičnu civilizaciju.
02:50
The name stuck, and soon came to describe the Medieval period overall,
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Ime se primilo, i uskoro se odnosilo na celokupan srednjovekovni period,
02:55
with its associations of darkness, superstition, and simplicity.
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sa svojim mračnim asocijacijama, sujeverjem i jednostavnošću.
03:01
But time marched on, as did what was considered fashionable.
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Međutim, vreme je prolazilo, kao i ono što se smatralo modernim.
03:05
In the 1700s, a period called the Enlightenment came about,
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Tokom 1700-ih, nastao je period nazvan prosvetiteljstvo,
03:09
which valued scientific reason above all else.
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koji je iznad svega cenio naučno razmišljanje.
03:13
Reacting against that, Romantic authors like Goethe and Byron
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Kao reakcija na to, pisci romantizma, poput Getea i Bajrona
03:17
sought idealized visions of a past of natural landscapes
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su tragali za idealizovanim viđenjem prošlosti, prirodnih pejzaža
03:21
and mysterious spiritual forces.
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i tajanstvenih duhovnih sila.
03:24
Here, the word Gothic was repurposed again
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Ovde je reč gotika ponovo dobila novu namenu,
03:27
to describe a literary genre that emerged as a darker strain of Romanticism.
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opisivala je književni žanr koji je nastao kao mračnija grana romantizma.
03:33
The term was first applied by Horace Walpole
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Termin je prvi put upotrebio Horas Volpol
03:35
to his own 1764 novel, "The Castle of Otranto"
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povodom njegovog romana iz 1764, "Otrantski zamak",
03:40
as a reference to the plot and general atmosphere.
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aludirajući na zaplet i opštu atmosferu.
03:44
Many of the novel's elements became genre staples
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Mnogi elementi ovog romana su postali zaštitni znakovi žanra,
03:47
inspiring classics and the countless movies they spawned.
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inspirišući klasike i bezbrojne filmove koje je iznedrio.
03:51
The gothic label belonged to literature and film until the 1970s
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Gotika je ostala zaštitni znak književnosti i filma do 1970-ih,
03:56
when a new musical scene emerged.
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kada je nastala nova muzička scena.
03:59
Taking cues from artists like The Doors and The Velvet Underground,
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Nadahnuti umetnicima, poput Dorsa i Velvet Andergraunda,
04:03
British post-punk groups,
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britanske postpank grupe,
04:04
like Joy Division,
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poput Džoj Divižna,
04:05
Bauhaus,
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Bauhausa
04:06
and The Cure,
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i Kjura,
04:07
combined gloomy lyrics and punk dissonance
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su spajale mračne tekstove i pankersku disonancu
04:10
with imagery inspired by the Victorian era,
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sa prizorima nastalim po uzoru na viktorijansko doba,
04:13
classic horror,
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klasične horore
04:14
and androgynous glam fashion.
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i androgenu glamuroznu modu.
04:17
By the early 1980s, similar bands were consistently described
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Do ranih 1980-ih, slične bendove su stalno opisivali
04:21
as Gothic rock by the music press,
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u muzičkoj štampi kao gotik-rok,
04:24
and the stye's popularity brought it out of dimly lit clubs
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a popularnost ovog stila ga je izvela iz zatamnjenih klubova
04:28
to major labels and MTV.
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do većih izdavača i MTV-ja.
04:31
And today, despite occasional negative media attention and stereotypes,
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A danas, uprkos povremenoj negativnoj medijskoj pažnji i stereotipima,
04:35
Gothic music and fashion continue as a strong underground phenomenon.
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gotska muzika i moda i dalje opstaju kao snažna pojava iz podzemlja.
04:40
They've also branched into sub-genres,
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Takođe su se raslojili u podžanrove,
04:42
such as cybergoth,
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poput sajbergotike,
04:44
gothabilly,
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gotabilija,
04:45
gothic metal,
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gotik-metala,
04:46
and even steampunk.
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pa čak i stimpanka.
04:48
The history of the word gothic is embedded
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Istorija reči gotika počiva
04:51
in thousands of years worth of countercultural movements,
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u hiljadugodišnjem okviru protivkulturnih pokreta,
04:54
from invading outsiders becoming kings
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od otpadnika osvajača koji su postali kraljevi,
04:57
to towering spires replacing solid columns
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preko lukova tornjeva koji su zamenili čvrste stubove
05:01
to artists finding beauty in darkness.
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do umetnika koji su otkrili lepotu mraka.
05:04
Each step has seen a revolution of sorts
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Svaki korak je bio neka vrsta revolucije
05:07
and a tendency for civilization to reach into its past to reshape its present.
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i težnje civilizacije da posegne u svoju prošlost i preoblikuje svoju sadašnjost.
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