What creates a total solar eclipse? - Andy Cohen

Šta stvara potpuno pomračenje Sunca? - Endi Koen (Andy Cohen)

1,091,891 views

2013-07-22 ・ TED-Ed


New videos

What creates a total solar eclipse? - Andy Cohen

Šta stvara potpuno pomračenje Sunca? - Endi Koen (Andy Cohen)

1,091,891 views ・ 2013-07-22

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Tijana Mihajlović Lektor: Mile Živković
00:06
On August 21, 2017
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Dvadeset prvog avgusta 2017. godine,
00:08
the shadow of the Moon will pass
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senka Meseca će preći
00:09
from the west coast to the east coast of the U.S.
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sa zapadne na istočnu obalu SAD-a.
Naše plavo nebo pretvoriće se
00:12
Our blue sky will turn black as night
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u tamno poput noći
00:14
and fill with stars,
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i napuniti zvezdama,
00:15
and there will be a hole in the sky
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a postojaće rupa na nebu
00:16
where the Sun used to be,
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gde je nekada bilo Sunce,
00:18
surrounded by the fiery ring of the Sun's corona,
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okružena vatrenim prstenom Sunčeve korone -
00:20
a total eclipse of the Sun.
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potpuno pomračenje Sunca.
00:22
This will truly be a historic event.
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Ovo će zaista biti istorijski događaj.
00:24
Accounts of solar eclipses
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Opisi pomračenja Sunca
00:25
date way back on the written record.
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datiraju daleko unazad u pisanim izveštajima.
00:27
The early Mesopotamians wrote
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Drevni Mesopotamci zapisali su
00:29
that the Sun was put to shame
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da je Sunce osramoćeno
00:30
during the solar eclipse of the 14th century B.C.E.
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tokom pomračenja Sunca u 14. veku p.n.e.
00:33
and it may have started
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a to je možda i pokrenulo
00:34
the Sun worship of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten.
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obožavanje Sunca egipatskog faraona Ehnatona.
00:37
Ancient Chinese astrologers paid with their lives
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Drevni kineski astrolozi plaćali su životima
ako ne bi uspeli da predvide pomračenje Sunca
00:40
if they failed to predict the solar eclipse
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00:42
and portend the fate of their emperors
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i nagoveste sudbinu svojih vladara
čiji je simbol bio Sunce.
00:44
whose symbol was the Sun.
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00:45
The earliest date of a specific event in human history,
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Najstariji datum specifičnog događaja u ljudskoj istoriji,
00:48
a battle between the armies of Lydia and Media,
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bitka između armija Lidije i Medije,
00:50
occurred on May 28, 535 B.C.E.
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desio se 28. maja 535. godine p.n.e.
00:53
when a solar eclipse caused the soldiers
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kada je pomračenje Sunca prouzrokovalo
00:55
to lay down their arms and declare a truce.
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da vojnici polože oružje i proglase primirje.
00:57
So how does it happen?
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Pa, kako se ovo dešava?
00:59
During a total solar eclipse,
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Tokom potpunog pomračenja Sunca,
01:01
the Moon moves between the Earth and the Sun.
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Mesec se pomeri između Zemlje i Sunca.
01:04
When this happens, the disc of the Moon
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Kada se ovo desi, Mesečev disk
01:06
appears to perfectly cover the disc of the Sun
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deluje kao da savršeno pokriva Sunčev disk,
01:08
even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon.
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iako je Sunce mnogo veće nego Mesec.
01:11
But how is this possible?
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Kako je ovo moguće?
01:13
The Sun is 400 times bigger than the Moon,
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Sunce je 400 puta veće nego Mesec,
01:15
but by sheer coincidence,
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ali zbog čiste slučajnosti,
01:16
the Moon is 390 times closer to Earth.
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Mesec je 390 puta bliži Zemlji.
01:18
Size and distance cancel each other out
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Veličina i udaljenost se potiru,
01:20
so that the Moon and Sun appear
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pa Mesec i Sunce deluju
01:22
to be almost the exactly same size.
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kao da su skoro iste veličine.
01:24
Every time the Moon orbits the Earth,
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Svakog puta kada Mesec zaokruži put oko Zemlje,
01:26
once every 27.3 days,
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jednom u 27,3 dana,
01:28
it has to pass between the Earth and the Sun,
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mora da prođe između Zemlje i Sunca,
01:31
a stage called the new moon phase.
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što se naziva nova Mesečeva mena.
01:33
And every time it passes,
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Svakoga puta kada prođe kroz tu fazu,
01:35
the New Moon has a chance to block out the Sun.
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novi Mesec ima priliku da blokira Sunce.
01:38
Most of the time,
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Većinu vremena,
01:39
the Moon passes a little above
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Mesec prođe malo iznad
01:40
or a little below the Sun,
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ili ispod Sunca,
01:41
but if they align perfectly,
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ali ako se savršeno poravnaju,
01:43
the shadow of the Moon
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senka Meseca
01:44
will make a narrow path across Earth
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napraviće uzak put preko Zemlje,
01:46
and those in the shadows will see a total solar eclipse.
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a oni koji su u senci videće potpuno pomračenje Sunca.
01:49
Just like on night side of the Earth,
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Baš kao na noćnoj strani Sunca,
01:51
the sky during a total eclipse is black
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nebo tokom pomračenja je tamno
01:53
and filled with stars.
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i ispunjeno zvezdama.
01:54
But while the moon perfectly covers
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Međutim, dok Mesec savršeno pokriva
01:56
the surface of the Sun,
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površinu Sunca,
01:57
it doesn't block out the Sun's outer atmosphere,
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ne blokira i Sunčevu spoljašnju atmosferu,
01:59
its corona, which appears as a fiery ring
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koronu, koja se pojavljuje kao vatreni prsten
02:02
around the dark disc of the moon.
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oko tamnog diska Meseca.
Pomračenja Sunca se javljaju nekoliko puta u toku godine,
02:05
Solar eclipses occur several times a year,
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02:07
but most often they are partial eclipses
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ali najčešće su delimična pomračenja
02:09
where the Moon doesn't quite line up with the Sun.
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kada se Mesec ne poravna sa Suncem,
02:11
And, when the Moon and Sun are perfectly aligned,
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a kada su Mesec i Sunce u savršenom poravnanju,
02:14
the Moon is usually too far from Earth in its orbit
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Mesec je obično predaleko od Zemlje u svojoj orbiti
02:16
to completely cover the Sun,
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da potpuno prekrije Sunce,
02:17
creating an annular eclipse.
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stvarajući anularno pomračenje.
02:20
During an annular or partial eclipse,
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Tokom anularnog ili delimičnog pomračenja,
02:22
the sky remains bright.
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nebo ostaje svetlo.
02:23
Even on those rare occasions of a total eclipse,
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Čak i tokom retkih prilika potpunog pomračenja,
02:26
the Moon's shadow is most likely to fall
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Mesečeva svetlost će verovatno pasti
02:28
on the 70% of Earth that is covered by water,
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na 70% Zemlje koju pokriva voda
02:30
and few people, if any, will see it.
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i tek nešto malo ljudi, ako i neko uopšte, će ga videti.
02:33
The eclipse of 2017 will be remarkable on a larger scale
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Pomračenje u 2017. biće još izvanrednije
02:37
because the Moon is slowly moving away from Earth.
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jer će se Mesec polako odmicati od Zemlje.
02:39
If a furry ancestor of ours had bothered to look up
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Da su se naši dlakavi preci potrudili da gledaju naviše
02:42
during a solar eclipse a hundred million years ago,
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tokom pomračenja Sunca pre sto miliona godina,
02:44
it wouldn't have seen the fiery corona of the Sun.
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ne bi videli vatrenu koronu Sunca.
02:47
It would have just been dark.
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Samo bi bilo mračno.
02:48
Eventually, the Moon will have moved too far from Earth
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Na kraju će se Mesec previše udaljiti od Zemlje
02:51
to completely cover the disc of the Sun.
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da bi potpuno pokrivao Sunčev disk.
02:53
It is only during our little wink of Earth's history
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Samo u toku ovog kratkog treptaja Zemljine istorije
02:55
that the Moon is at just the right distance
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Mesec je na pravoj razdaljini
02:57
to cause a total solar eclipse
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da bi prouzrokovao potpuno pomračenje,
02:59
yet not block the Sun's corona.
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ali ne i blokadu Sunčeve korone.
03:01
So on August 21, 2017,
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Tako, 21. avgusta 2017. godine,
03:04
when the Moon exactly lines up with the Sun
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kada se Mesec poravna sa Suncem,
03:06
and the Moon is close enough to the Earth,
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a Mesec bude bio dovoljno blizu Zemlje,
03:08
its shadow will cross the U.S.
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njegova senka će preći preko SAD-a
03:09
and, if you happen to be in its narrow path,
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i, ako ste na uskom putu,
03:12
you will witness one of the most
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bićete svedok jednom od prikaza u svemiru
03:13
awe-inspiring sights in the universe.
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koji ispunjavaju divljenjem.
03:15
But, as incredible as this event will be,
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Ipak, iako je neverovatno kao događaj,
potpuna pomračenja su i jedna od najopasnijih događaja.
03:18
total eclipses are one of the most dangerous as well.
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03:20
Only specially tinted filters,
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Samo specijalno obojeni filteri,
03:22
specifically designed to observe the Sun,
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posebno dizajnirani za posmatranje Sunca,
03:24
should be used.
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treba da se koriste.
03:25
The eclipse might put the Sun to shame,
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Pomračenje možda donosi stramotu Suncu,
03:27
but even a shamed Sun
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ali čak i postiđeno Sunce
03:28
can seriously damage your eyes.
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može ozbiljno da vam ošteti oči.
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