What creates a total solar eclipse? - Andy Cohen

Šta stvara potpuno pomračenje Sunca? - Endi Koen (Andy Cohen)

1,092,934 views

2013-07-22 ・ TED-Ed


New videos

What creates a total solar eclipse? - Andy Cohen

Šta stvara potpuno pomračenje Sunca? - Endi Koen (Andy Cohen)

1,092,934 views ・ 2013-07-22

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Tijana Mihajlović Lektor: Mile Živković
00:06
On August 21, 2017
0
6298
2265
Dvadeset prvog avgusta 2017. godine,
00:08
the shadow of the Moon will pass
1
8587
1135
senka Meseca će preći
00:09
from the west coast to the east coast of the U.S.
2
9746
2636
sa zapadne na istočnu obalu SAD-a.
Naše plavo nebo pretvoriće se
00:12
Our blue sky will turn black as night
3
12406
1762
u tamno poput noći
00:14
and fill with stars,
4
14192
1043
i napuniti zvezdama,
00:15
and there will be a hole in the sky
5
15259
1217
a postojaće rupa na nebu
00:16
where the Sun used to be,
6
16500
1522
gde je nekada bilo Sunce,
00:18
surrounded by the fiery ring of the Sun's corona,
7
18046
2388
okružena vatrenim prstenom Sunčeve korone -
00:20
a total eclipse of the Sun.
8
20458
2059
potpuno pomračenje Sunca.
00:22
This will truly be a historic event.
9
22541
1715
Ovo će zaista biti istorijski događaj.
00:24
Accounts of solar eclipses
10
24280
1246
Opisi pomračenja Sunca
00:25
date way back on the written record.
11
25550
1947
datiraju daleko unazad u pisanim izveštajima.
00:27
The early Mesopotamians wrote
12
27521
1548
Drevni Mesopotamci zapisali su
00:29
that the Sun was put to shame
13
29093
1525
da je Sunce osramoćeno
00:30
during the solar eclipse of the 14th century B.C.E.
14
30642
3025
tokom pomračenja Sunca u 14. veku p.n.e.
00:33
and it may have started
15
33691
1097
a to je možda i pokrenulo
00:34
the Sun worship of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten.
16
34812
2830
obožavanje Sunca egipatskog faraona Ehnatona.
00:37
Ancient Chinese astrologers paid with their lives
17
37666
2439
Drevni kineski astrolozi plaćali su životima
ako ne bi uspeli da predvide pomračenje Sunca
00:40
if they failed to predict the solar eclipse
18
40129
2048
00:42
and portend the fate of their emperors
19
42201
1810
i nagoveste sudbinu svojih vladara
čiji je simbol bio Sunce.
00:44
whose symbol was the Sun.
20
44035
1552
00:45
The earliest date of a specific event in human history,
21
45611
2620
Najstariji datum specifičnog događaja u ljudskoj istoriji,
00:48
a battle between the armies of Lydia and Media,
22
48255
2339
bitka između armija Lidije i Medije,
00:50
occurred on May 28, 535 B.C.E.
23
50618
3189
desio se 28. maja 535. godine p.n.e.
00:53
when a solar eclipse caused the soldiers
24
53831
1905
kada je pomračenje Sunca prouzrokovalo
00:55
to lay down their arms and declare a truce.
25
55760
2093
da vojnici polože oružje i proglase primirje.
00:57
So how does it happen?
26
57877
1558
Pa, kako se ovo dešava?
00:59
During a total solar eclipse,
27
59459
1935
Tokom potpunog pomračenja Sunca,
01:01
the Moon moves between the Earth and the Sun.
28
61418
2627
Mesec se pomeri između Zemlje i Sunca.
01:04
When this happens, the disc of the Moon
29
64069
2089
Kada se ovo desi, Mesečev disk
01:06
appears to perfectly cover the disc of the Sun
30
66182
2428
deluje kao da savršeno pokriva Sunčev disk,
01:08
even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon.
31
68634
2739
iako je Sunce mnogo veće nego Mesec.
01:11
But how is this possible?
32
71397
1599
Kako je ovo moguće?
01:13
The Sun is 400 times bigger than the Moon,
33
73020
2044
Sunce je 400 puta veće nego Mesec,
01:15
but by sheer coincidence,
34
75088
1032
ali zbog čiste slučajnosti,
01:16
the Moon is 390 times closer to Earth.
35
76144
2632
Mesec je 390 puta bliži Zemlji.
01:18
Size and distance cancel each other out
36
78800
1901
Veličina i udaljenost se potiru,
01:20
so that the Moon and Sun appear
37
80725
1477
pa Mesec i Sunce deluju
01:22
to be almost the exactly same size.
38
82226
2259
kao da su skoro iste veličine.
01:24
Every time the Moon orbits the Earth,
39
84509
1812
Svakog puta kada Mesec zaokruži put oko Zemlje,
01:26
once every 27.3 days,
40
86345
2408
jednom u 27,3 dana,
01:28
it has to pass between the Earth and the Sun,
41
88777
2499
mora da prođe između Zemlje i Sunca,
01:31
a stage called the new moon phase.
42
91300
2123
što se naziva nova Mesečeva mena.
01:33
And every time it passes,
43
93447
1537
Svakoga puta kada prođe kroz tu fazu,
01:35
the New Moon has a chance to block out the Sun.
44
95008
3006
novi Mesec ima priliku da blokira Sunce.
01:38
Most of the time,
45
98038
1018
Većinu vremena,
01:39
the Moon passes a little above
46
99080
1227
Mesec prođe malo iznad
01:40
or a little below the Sun,
47
100331
1434
ili ispod Sunca,
01:41
but if they align perfectly,
48
101789
1595
ali ako se savršeno poravnaju,
01:43
the shadow of the Moon
49
103408
1131
senka Meseca
01:44
will make a narrow path across Earth
50
104563
1829
napraviće uzak put preko Zemlje,
01:46
and those in the shadows will see a total solar eclipse.
51
106416
3050
a oni koji su u senci videće potpuno pomračenje Sunca.
01:49
Just like on night side of the Earth,
52
109490
1872
Baš kao na noćnoj strani Sunca,
01:51
the sky during a total eclipse is black
53
111386
1858
nebo tokom pomračenja je tamno
01:53
and filled with stars.
54
113268
1311
i ispunjeno zvezdama.
01:54
But while the moon perfectly covers
55
114603
1764
Međutim, dok Mesec savršeno pokriva
01:56
the surface of the Sun,
56
116391
1112
površinu Sunca,
01:57
it doesn't block out the Sun's outer atmosphere,
57
117527
2286
ne blokira i Sunčevu spoljašnju atmosferu,
01:59
its corona, which appears as a fiery ring
58
119837
2246
koronu, koja se pojavljuje kao vatreni prsten
02:02
around the dark disc of the moon.
59
122107
3036
oko tamnog diska Meseca.
Pomračenja Sunca se javljaju nekoliko puta u toku godine,
02:05
Solar eclipses occur several times a year,
60
125167
2501
02:07
but most often they are partial eclipses
61
127692
1721
ali najčešće su delimična pomračenja
02:09
where the Moon doesn't quite line up with the Sun.
62
129437
2478
kada se Mesec ne poravna sa Suncem,
02:11
And, when the Moon and Sun are perfectly aligned,
63
131939
2645
a kada su Mesec i Sunce u savršenom poravnanju,
02:14
the Moon is usually too far from Earth in its orbit
64
134608
1783
Mesec je obično predaleko od Zemlje u svojoj orbiti
02:16
to completely cover the Sun,
65
136415
1434
da potpuno prekrije Sunce,
02:17
creating an annular eclipse.
66
137873
2267
stvarajući anularno pomračenje.
02:20
During an annular or partial eclipse,
67
140164
2191
Tokom anularnog ili delimičnog pomračenja,
02:22
the sky remains bright.
68
142379
1391
nebo ostaje svetlo.
02:23
Even on those rare occasions of a total eclipse,
69
143794
2477
Čak i tokom retkih prilika potpunog pomračenja,
02:26
the Moon's shadow is most likely to fall
70
146295
1905
Mesečeva svetlost će verovatno pasti
02:28
on the 70% of Earth that is covered by water,
71
148224
2305
na 70% Zemlje koju pokriva voda
02:30
and few people, if any, will see it.
72
150553
3108
i tek nešto malo ljudi, ako i neko uopšte, će ga videti.
02:33
The eclipse of 2017 will be remarkable on a larger scale
73
153685
3353
Pomračenje u 2017. biće još izvanrednije
02:37
because the Moon is slowly moving away from Earth.
74
157062
2518
jer će se Mesec polako odmicati od Zemlje.
02:39
If a furry ancestor of ours had bothered to look up
75
159604
2543
Da su se naši dlakavi preci potrudili da gledaju naviše
02:42
during a solar eclipse a hundred million years ago,
76
162171
2546
tokom pomračenja Sunca pre sto miliona godina,
02:44
it wouldn't have seen the fiery corona of the Sun.
77
164741
2334
ne bi videli vatrenu koronu Sunca.
02:47
It would have just been dark.
78
167099
1381
Samo bi bilo mračno.
02:48
Eventually, the Moon will have moved too far from Earth
79
168504
2620
Na kraju će se Mesec previše udaljiti od Zemlje
02:51
to completely cover the disc of the Sun.
80
171148
2070
da bi potpuno pokrivao Sunčev disk.
02:53
It is only during our little wink of Earth's history
81
173242
2477
Samo u toku ovog kratkog treptaja Zemljine istorije
02:55
that the Moon is at just the right distance
82
175743
2048
Mesec je na pravoj razdaljini
02:57
to cause a total solar eclipse
83
177815
1487
da bi prouzrokovao potpuno pomračenje,
02:59
yet not block the Sun's corona.
84
179326
2159
ali ne i blokadu Sunčeve korone.
03:01
So on August 21, 2017,
85
181509
2637
Tako, 21. avgusta 2017. godine,
03:04
when the Moon exactly lines up with the Sun
86
184170
2048
kada se Mesec poravna sa Suncem,
03:06
and the Moon is close enough to the Earth,
87
186242
2000
a Mesec bude bio dovoljno blizu Zemlje,
03:08
its shadow will cross the U.S.
88
188266
1613
njegova senka će preći preko SAD-a
03:09
and, if you happen to be in its narrow path,
89
189903
2096
i, ako ste na uskom putu,
03:12
you will witness one of the most
90
192023
1143
bićete svedok jednom od prikaza u svemiru
03:13
awe-inspiring sights in the universe.
91
193190
2540
koji ispunjavaju divljenjem.
03:15
But, as incredible as this event will be,
92
195754
2454
Ipak, iako je neverovatno kao događaj,
potpuna pomračenja su i jedna od najopasnijih događaja.
03:18
total eclipses are one of the most dangerous as well.
93
198232
2524
03:20
Only specially tinted filters,
94
200780
1497
Samo specijalno obojeni filteri,
03:22
specifically designed to observe the Sun,
95
202301
1953
posebno dizajnirani za posmatranje Sunca,
03:24
should be used.
96
204278
1119
treba da se koriste.
03:25
The eclipse might put the Sun to shame,
97
205421
2076
Pomračenje možda donosi stramotu Suncu,
03:27
but even a shamed Sun
98
207521
1352
ali čak i postiđeno Sunce
03:28
can seriously damage your eyes.
99
208897
1790
može ozbiljno da vam ošteti oči.
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7