How to take a great picture - Carolina Molinari

141,236 views ・ 2013-07-29

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Jelena Jaranović Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:08
Hmmm, that's not what we want, is it?
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Hmmm, nismo to želeli, zar ne?
00:11
Today's digital cameras do a lot for us,
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Današnji digitali aparati mogu mnogo
00:13
but there's no replacement for the human eye.
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ali ništa ne može zameniti ljudsko oko.
00:16
It's important to learn
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Važno je naučiti
00:17
how cameras work with light to create an image,
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kako aparat pomoću svetla stvara sliku,
00:19
that way we'll know what's going on
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da bismo znali šta se događa
00:21
when it's time to capture a moment.
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kada želimo da zabeležimo neki trenutak.
00:23
There are three variables
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Postoje tri promenljive
00:25
that determine if you're getting the right amount of light
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koje određuju imate li dovoljno svetla
00:27
for the correct exposure.
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za dobru ekspoziciju.
00:29
With a manual camera,
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Sa manuelnim aparatima,
00:30
we're able to change any of the variable ourselves.
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možemo sami menjati svaku od ovih promenljivih.
00:33
Different settings can result in really different pictures.
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Različita podešavanja mogu dati veoma različite rezultate.
00:36
Let's look at the process together.
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Hajde da pogledamo ovaj proces.
00:39
First, see this here?
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Prvo, vidite ovo?
00:41
This is the aperture.
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To je blenda.
00:42
It's the hole that light passes through.
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To je rupa koja propušta svetlo.
00:45
If we make the aperture big,
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Ako podesimo veliku blendu
00:46
we'll have more light, true,
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imaćemo više svetla, tačno,
00:48
but the sharpness of your photo will decrease
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ali će se oštrina fotografije smanjiti
00:50
very quickly from your focus point,
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vrlo blizu fokusne tačke,
00:52
backward and forward.
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ispred i iza nje.
00:53
This is what we call shallow depth of field.
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Ovo nazivamo malom dubinskom oštrinom.
00:56
If we have a very small aperture,
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Ako imamo jako malu blendu,
00:58
we'll have less light but a deeper depth of field.
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imaćemo manje svetla ali veću dubinsku oštrinu.
01:01
For portraits, it can be nice to have a sharp figure
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Za portrete, lepo je imati oštru figuru
01:03
separate from a somewhat blurry background
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koja se izdvaja od zamućene pozadine,
01:05
so I would suggest a large aperture.
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tako da za to preporučujem veliku blendu.
01:08
Aperture is measured in f-stops.
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Blenda se označava f-tačkama.
01:10
This can get a little confusing
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Ovo je malo zbunjujuće
01:12
because lower numbers mean bigger apertures
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jer manji broj znači veći otvor blende,
01:14
and higher numbers mean smaller apertures.
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a veći broj manji otvor blende.
01:17
Next, there's shutter speed to think about.
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Sledeće, treba razmišljati o brzini okidanja.
01:20
The shutter acts like a curtain
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Okidač se ponaša kao zavesa
01:21
that covers the sensor,
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koja prekriva senzor
01:23
and it only opens when you release the shutter button.
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i pomera se samo kada pritisnete dugme za slikanje.
01:26
If we want less light,
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Ako želimo manje svetla,
01:27
we open the shutter for a shorter time.
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okidač će se kratko pomeriti sa senzora.
01:30
If we want more light,
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Ako želimo više svetla
01:31
we open it for a longer time,
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okidač će duže ostati odtvoren,
01:32
but we run the risk of getting
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ali tada rizikujemo da dobijemo
01:34
a motion-blurred picture.
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zamućene slike.
01:36
The speed is measured in seconds
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Brzina okidača se meri u sekundama
01:37
and fractions of seconds.
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i milisekundama.
01:40
For shooting sports or anything with a lot of movement,
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Za slikanje sporta ili bilo čega što ima puno kretanja
01:43
we'll need faster speeds.
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treba nam veća brzina okidanja.
01:45
For taking awesome night landscapes,
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Za slikanje prelepih noćnih pejsaža
01:46
longer exposures will be better,
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duga ekspozicija bi bila bolja,
01:48
but we'll need a tripod to steady the shot
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ali za to nam treba stativ, da smirimo kameru
01:50
and prevent motion blur.
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i izbegnemo zamućenost usled pokreta.
01:52
Another cool thing we can do with light exposures
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Zanimljiva stvar koju možemo da radimo sa dugom ekpozicijom
01:54
is light painting,
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je slikanje svetlom:
01:56
drawing in the dark with a torch
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crtanje u mraku sa lampom
01:57
or the light of a cell phone.
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ili svetlom sa mobilnog telefona.
01:59
Lastly, ISO sensitivity controls
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Poslednje, ISO osetljivost određuje
02:02
how sensitive the sensor is to light.
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koliko je senzor osetljiv na svetlost.
02:04
If we use low sensitivity,
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Ako koristimo malu osetljivost
02:06
we'll need more light to register a photo.
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trebaće nam više svetla da napravimo fotografiju.
02:09
With a higher sensitivity,
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Sa većom osetljivošću
02:10
we'll be able to get a picture
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moći ćemo da napravimo sliku
02:11
with less available light.
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i u lošijim svetlosnim uslovima.
02:13
100 ISO is a low sensitivity,
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ISO 100 je mala osetljivost,
02:16
while 6400 ISO is a high one.
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dok je ISO 6400 velika.
02:19
If we increase sensitivity,
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Ako povećamo osetljivost
02:21
we'll be able to use faster speeds
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moći ćemo da koristimo veću brzinu okidanja
02:22
and smaller apertures,
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i manju blendu,
02:24
but we'll get noisier images.
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ali ćemo imati više šuma na slikama.
02:26
Good thing we have something to tell us
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Međutim, postoji nešto što može da nam kaže
02:28
if we're getting the correct amount of light
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da li imamo dovoljno svetla
02:29
to get a good exposure,
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za dobru ekspoziciju
02:31
the light meter.
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- svetlometar.
02:32
Sound good to you?
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Zvuči dobro?
02:34
Now it's time to get out there
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Sad treba da izađete
02:35
and practice taking pictures
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i vežbate fotografisanje
02:36
under different conditions,
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u različitim uslovima.
02:38
so you know what to do
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Tako ćete znati šta da radite
02:39
any time you want to take the best picture.
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svaki put kada želite da napravite odličnu fotografiju.
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